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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prefrontal and Cingulate cortex'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Gonzalez, Claudia L. R., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Recovery of function after cingulate cortex injury in rats." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2000, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/118.

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The current studies investigate the behavioral and anatomical changes after lesions at different ages of the cingulate cortex. Rats received lesions of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCing) or the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex (Total) at: postnatal day 4 (P4); day 10 (P10), or in adulthood (P120). Rats were trained in the Morris water maze, the Whishaw reaching task, conditioned taste aversion (CTA), and their activity was monitored over 48 hours. The general finding was a significant behavioral recovery on P10 animals regardless the size of the lesion. This recovery was associated

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2

Holec, Victoria, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Role of rat anterior cingulate cortex in effort- and courage-based decision making." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, [Dept. of] Neuroscience, c2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3433.

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When given a choice between getting a high reward that requires climbing a high ramp or pressing a lever multiple times, versus freely obtaining a low reward, healthy rats prefer the former, while rats with lesions to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) prefer the latter. We developed two novel effort tasks to examine if ACC mediates other types of physical effort (weight-lifting) as well as emotional effort (courage). We replicated previous findings on a modified version of the ramp-climbing task, showing that ACC lesions impair these decisions. Lesions of ACC did not impair weight-lifting ef

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3

Kiddoo, Cynthia E. "Selective attention and the visual representation of object attributes in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33674.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-56).<br>The effects of attending to one or another of an object's attributes on neuronal representations of that object were investigated using extracellular recordings. A female rhesus monkey performed a delayed match to object attribute (DMSA) task, in which she alternately matched object orientations and object colors. In half of the task conditions, only one attribute matched the sample, forcing the animal to apply the current matching rule and

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4

Boschin, Erica. "Dynamics of cognitive control and flexibility in the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:31cdb9f1-8107-4431-bc7a-2e0dbb9885a1.

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The body of work hereby presented aims at better defining the specific mechanisms underlying cognitive control and flexibility, and to investigate the neural substrates that might support these dynamics. More specifically, the anterior cingulate (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal (dlPFC) and frontopolar (FPC) cortices have been proposed to play a fundamental role in monitoring and detecting the presence of environmental contingencies that require the recruitment of cognitive control (such as competition between responses in the presence of conflicting information), implementing cognitive control,

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5

Stoll, Frederic M. "Exploration et vérification : études comportementales et neurophysiologiques du cortex préfrontal." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10344.

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L'adaptation comportementale est primordiale pour faire face à l'environnement flexible dans lequel les individus évoluent chaque Jour, notamment par l'élaboration de comportements d'exploration ou de vérification. Le cortex préfrontal a depuis longtemps été considéré comme le siège du contrôle exécutif nécessaire à la genèse de ces comportements. Deux régions semblent essentielles: le cortex préfrontal latéral (LPFC) et le cortex midcingulaire (MCC). Bien que diverses théories attribuent à ces régions les fonctions d'évaluation des performances et de contrôle cognitif respectivement, leurs rô

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Rundström, Alexandra. "Central neural correlates of generalized anxiety disorder : A systematic review." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20172.

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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent anxiety disorder that is characterized by persistent excessive worrying that is often difficult to control. The pathology of GAD has been associated with abnormal neural activity and functional connectivity. This systematic review has examined the central neural correlates of GAD which are the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the amygdala and how activation and functional connectivity in these brain areas differ between patients with GAD and healthy controls. This review also investigated how abnormal functional

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7

Insel, Nathan. "Physiology of the medial frontal cortex during decision-making in adult and senescent rats." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196140.

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Convergent evidence suggests that the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) makes an important contribution to goal-directed action selection. The dmPFC is also part of a network of brain regions that becomes compromised in old age. It was hypothesized that during decision-making, some process of comparison takes place in the dmPFC between the representation of available actions and associated values, and that this process is changed with aging. These hypotheses were tested in aged and young adult rats performing a novel 3-choice, 2-cue decision task. Neuron and local field potential act

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8

Weiss, Alexander R. "Novel approaches to studying the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in cognition and Parkinson's disease." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c827764b-af3b-4397-90cc-039f40fab460.

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The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been linked to the emergence of exaggerated oscillatory activity in the 13 - 35 Hz beta range in recordings of the basal ganglia (BG) thalamocortical circuit of PD patients and animal models. PD patients and animal models also express dopamine-dependent cognitive impairments, implying effects of dopamine loss on the function of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). This thesis examines the electrophysiological behavior of the BG thalamocortical circuit in PD and dopamine-normal states during cognitive and motor activity. In vivo recordings in

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9

Alexander, Laith. "Primate ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the physiological and behavioural dysfunction characteristic of mood and anxiety disorders." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288429.

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The heterogeneity intrinsic to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is evidenced in both its anatomy and implicated function: vmPFC subregions have roles in positive affect, negative affect and autonomic/endocrine regulation. Whether different subregions serve fundamentally different functions, or whether they perform similar computations on different inputs, remains unclear. Nevertheless, the role of the vmPFC in psychopathology is widely appreciated - in mood and anxiety disorders, over-activity within constituent regions of the vmPFC is consistently implicated in symptomatology, toget

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10

Shaw, Lynda Joan. "Emotional processing of natural visual images in brief exposures and compound stimuli : fMRI and behavioural studies." Thesis, Brunel University, 2009. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3203.

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Can the brain register the emotional valence of brief exposures of complex natural stimuli under conditions of forward and backward masking, and under conditions of attentional competition between foveal and peripheral stimuli? To address this question, three experiments were conducted. The first, a behavioural experiment, measured subjective valence of response (pleasant vs unpleasant) to test the perception of the valence of natural images in brief, masked exposures in a forward and backward masking paradigm. Images were chosen from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) series. A

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11

Hallin, Nathalie. "Cognitive Dissonance : Neural Correlates and New Theoretical Approaches." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-7173.

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Cognitive dissonance has traditionally been defined as the negative affective state which accompanies inconsistent cognitions and motivates one to make the cognitions consistent. This thesis critically evaluates two theories about cognitive dissonance. The action-based model of dissonance argues that inconsistent cognitions have the potential to interfere with effective and unconflicted action. The new look model of dissonance, contradicting the traditional definition of dissonance, argues that it is aversive consequences rather than inconsistent cognitions that cause dissonance. Recent studie

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12

Collette, Sven. "Value-based decision-making of actions and tasks in human prefrontal cortex." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828227.

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Les mécanismes de décision impliqués dans le switching entre tâches à la base d'un indice a été étudié intensément, p.ex. la suspension de l'exécution d'une tâche pendant la réalisation d'une autre, avec une récompense fixe. Dans ce cas, le cortex frontopolaire (CFP) est impliqué quand les sujets doivent garder en tête un but principal pendant l'exécution de buts parallèles, et le cortex cingulaire antérieur (CCA) associerait les actions à leurs résultats. Pendant ma thèse, j'ai étudié le switching à différents niveaux d'abstraction de l'action dans la prise de décision fondée sur la valeur es

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13

Loh, Kep Kee. "Anatomo-functional organization of adaptive manual, orofacial and vocal control in the human frontal cortex." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1177/document.

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Ce travail de thèse explore l'organisation fonctionnelle du cortex frontal chez l'homme lors de l'apprentissage et l'utilisation de règles conditionnelles associées à des stimuli contextuels et demandant la réalisation d'actions manuelles, vocales et orofaciales. Ma première étude a démontré chez l'homme que 1) le cortex frontal latéral postérieur (pLFC) est organisé selon un gradient dorso-ventral, où le cortex prémoteur dorsal (PMd) et le cortex préfrontal dorsal (BA 44) sont impliqués respectivement dans les associations conditionnelles manuelles et vocal-orofaciales, et 2) que l'aire motri

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14

Rosa, Carlos Eduardo. "Disfunção neuroquímica na depressão periparto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-27072016-151947/.

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A depressão periparto (PPD) é subtipo altamente prevalente e subdiagnosticado do transtorno depressivo maior (MDD), e causa um importante sofrimento para a mulher, sua família e seu filho. Uma interação complexa entre hormônios, neurotransmissores e fatores genéticos e ambientais pode estar envolvida na etiologia da PPD. Contudo, estudos de neuroimagem na PPD ainda são escassos, particularmente os que identificam alterações neuroquímicas. Sabe-se que a região do córtex pré frontal dorsolateral (dlPFC) está relacionada à funções executivas no circuito pré frontal, e juntamente com o giro do cín

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15

Syme, Catriona. "Cardiovascular reactivity and the anterior cingulate cortex." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98504.

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Relationships between cardiovascular and neural activities were explored in 11 patients with intractable epilepsy. Using depth electrodes, we examined the cardiovascular response to direct electrical stimulation, and monitored EEG activity during simple physical and mental challenges known to elicit a cardiovascular response. Stimulation was most commonly performed in four regions: the hippocampus, amygdala, and the supra- and sub-callosal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). While increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in response to electrical stimulation of these brain regions were observed

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16

Hayward, Gail. "Aspects of cingulate cortex function in man." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401084.

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17

Apps, Matthew. "Anterior cingulate cortex : contributions to social cognition." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2012. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/ed1f2ffb-d93b-e7fa-1121-846d7f34efd8/9/.

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It has been suggested that the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) plays an important role in decision-making. Activity in this area reflects processing related to two principles of Reinforcement Learning Theory (RLT): (i) signalling the predicted value of actions at the time they are instructed and (ii) signalling prediction errors at the time of the outcomes of actions. It has been suggested that neurons in the gyrus of the ACC (ACCg) process information about others' decisions and not one's own. An important aim of this thesis is to investigate whether the ACCg processes others' decisions in a

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18

Cholfin, Jeremy A. "Genetic regulation of prefrontal cortex development." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3251942.

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19

Vander, Weele Caitlin Miya. "Dopaminergic modulation of prefrontal cortex subpopulations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120628.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Neuroscience, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2018.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 176 blank.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-175).<br>Despite abundant evidence that dopamine modulates medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity to mediate diverse behavioral functions, the precise circuit computations remain elusive. One potentially unifying theoretical model by which dopamine can modulate functions from working memory to schizophrenia is that dopamine serves to increase the signal-to-noise ratio

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20

Benoit, R. G. "Functional specialisation within rostral prefrontal cortex." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/623668/.

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The functional organisation of rostral prefrontal cortex (rPFC; approximating Area 10) is largely unknown. On one hand, this region might support processes that are commonly involved in coping with multiple demands. On the other hand, rPFC might be fractionated into functionally specialised subregions. This thesis examines which of these accounts is more plausible. Therefore, four functional MRI studies were conducted, each of which compared two functions. These were hypothesised to share common processing denominators that might be supported by medial rPFC (mrPFC). It was assessed whether the

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21

Pereira, Jacinto José Fonseca. "Computational modeling of prefrontal cortex circuits." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/12080.

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Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology<br>The most outstanding feature of the human brain is its ability to perform highly complex cognitive tasks and one key region of the brain involved in these elaborated tasks is the prefrontal cortex. However, little is known about the basic neuronal processes that sustain these capacities. This dissertation describes the computational study of the biophysical properties of neurons in the prefrontal cortex that underlie complex cognitive processes with special emphasis in working memory, the ability to keep information online i

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22

Gonzalez, Claudia L. "Recovery of function after cingulate cortex injury in rats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ61041.pdf.

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23

Ma, Liya. "Coding of sequential behaviors by anterior cingulate cortex ensembles." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/48442.

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The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been implicated in a myriad of different functions. Converging evidence suggests that the ACC continuously monitors and evaluates actions and their consequences. Such functions are essential in representing action sequences which are the building blocks of all complex behaviors. This dissertation seeks to delineate how ACC neuronal ensembles represent different types of information with special emphasis on action sequences. Chapter 2 shows that the ACC ensembles represents different action sequences via unique activity patterns that change if the order

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24

Sandblom, Johan. "Episodic memory in the human prefrontal cortex /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-136-4/.

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25

Duffaud, Anais M. "Executive function and prefrontal cortex in rats." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54745/.

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The term executive function describes a set of high-level abilities that influence more basic motor, sensory and mnemonic processes. These functions include working memory, behavioural flexibility, inhibitory control, attentional processes and decision making. A large number of evidence, from human studies, non-human primates, rats and mice studies, has demonstrated a role for the prefrontal cortex in these higher cognitive processes. The central aim of this thesis was to investigate two important aspects of the cognitive executive control: working memory and behavioural flexibility. The exper

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Dumontheil, Iroise. "Cortex prefrontal rostral et contrôle de l'attention." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066505.

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Le cortex préfrontal rostral est une aire cérébrale plus étendue chez les humains que les autres primates et qui se développe tardivement jusqu’à l’adolescence. Trois expériences ont testés la Gateway hypothesis, qui propose que l’aire 10 soutient des processus de coordination de l’attention entre les informations dérivées de l’environnement (orientées vers le stimulus, SO), et les informations générées intérieurement (indépendantes du stimulus, SI). Une dissociation de fonction entre la partie médiale, associée à une amélioration de la performance dans des tâches d’attention SO et les parties

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27

Bedwell, S. A. "The connectivity of the mammalian prefrontal cortex." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2015. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/28042/.

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The fine scale connections of prefrontal cortex (PFC) were investigated in the rat brain, in order to determine organizational properties of PFC pathways which were previously undefined. Neuroanatomical tract tracers (Fluro-Gold, Fluoro-Ruby, Fluoro-Emerald, Biotinylated dextran amines; Fluorescein and Texas red) were injected (20 -100 nl) into subdivisions of PFC (prelimbic, infralimbic, medial-orbital, ventral-orbital, ventrolateral-orbital, lateral-orbital and dorsolateral-orbital) and their projections studied. Tracer studies identified clear evidence of significantly ordered projections f

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Cox, Simon Riddington. "Cortisol, cognition and the ageing prefrontal cortex." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9585.

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The structural and functional decline of the ageing human brain varies by brain region, cognitive function and individual. The underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. One potentially important mechanism is exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs; cortisol in humans); GC production is increasingly varied with age in humans, and chronic exposure to high levels is hypothesised to result in cognitive decline via cerebral remodelling. However, studies of GC exposure in humans are scarce and methodological differences confound cross-study comparison. Furthermore, there has been little focus

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29

Fernandes, Ninette M. "The Detection of Prefrontal Cortex Development into Early Adulthood." Marietta College / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marietta1164924291.

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30

Shinozaki, Jun. "Heterospecific and conspecific social cognition in the anterior cingulate cortex." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135801.

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31

Hardung, Stefanie [Verfasser], and Ilka [Akademischer Betreuer] Diester. "Contributions of prefrontal cortex subsections to response inhibition." Freiburg : Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161670459/34.

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32

Johnson, Shane Douglas. "Memory monitoring abilities, prefrontal cortex functioning and ageing." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368628.

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Warden, Melissa R. (Melissa Rhoads). "Multi-item memory in the primate prefrontal cortex." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35910.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2006.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The ability to retain multiple items in short-term memory is fundamental for cognition, yet almost nothing is known about its neural basis. To explore the mechanisms underlying this ability, we trained two monkeys to remember a sequence of two images across a short delay. We then recorded the activity of

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Aly, Mahmoud Mayada. "Role of prefrontal cortex dopamine in associative learning." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0185.

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La dopamine du cortex préfrontal (PFC) est impliquée dans l’apprentissage et dans la prise de décision liée à l’effort. Comme l’apprentissage ne peut se faire sans effort, il n’est pas clair aujourd’hui si la dopamine est nécessaire pour l’apprentissage, ou pour l’engagement de l’effort pour apprendre. Dans ce travail, les rats apprenaient à pousser un levier pour obtenir de la nourriture, soit avec (apprentissage par observation, LeO) ou sans (essai-et-erreur, TE) observation préalable d’un congénère exécutant la tâche. TE et la phase d’exécution de LeO nécessitent l’effort physique (overt le

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Carrasco, Tiffani, Kent M. Scruggs, Brooke Beasley, and Michelle Chandley. "Vitamin D receptor gene expression in human and mouse cingulate cortex." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/65.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by a variety of social, sensory, and developmental symptoms. It is estimated that there are 66 cases per 10,000 children in the United States, placing the U.S. in the top ten countries with the highest prevalence of autism. Japan currently has the highest rate at 161 cases per 10,000. There is currently no known cure for this developmental disorder and the diagnostic protocol is not very clear. Those diagnosed are likely to face years of therapy and exposure to different medications to treat the symptoms. However, one risk factor that has receive

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Macaulay, Katherine. "The influence of self-reported ethnic origin and mood on elicited emotion and brain reactivity to happy and sad social films." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6563.

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In recent years Social Neuroscience has started to investigate how mood and culture influence social and emotional situations. In the present study differences in elicited emotion and neural activation were investigated when participants viewed films depicting social interactions. Film clips are preferred stimuli for elicitation of emotion in laboratory studies, but given the lack of standardised film sets in the literature, two behavioural studies were conducted prior to imaging. The first study (147 females, 30 males; 98.8% 18 to 24 years) identified a set of clips that elicited emotion prof

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Greenberg, Paul Arthur. "Functional Stability and Learning in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1030%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Fox, Geoffrey Arthur. "Effects of aging on functions of the prefrontal cortex." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050112.155754/index.html.

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Ding, Ding Col Dau. "The medial prefrontal cortex to nucleus accumbens projection neurones." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393479.

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Thompson, Russell John. "The representation of behavioural relevance in human prefrontal cortex." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613358.

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Sluming, Vanessa Anne. "Structure and function of prefrontal cortex in professional musicians." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250356.

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Rainer, Gregor 1970. "Processing of relevant information in the primate prefrontal cortex." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16733.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 1999.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Extracellular recordings of neural activity were made in areas around and ventral to the principal sulcus of the lateral prefrontal (PF) cortex in two monkeys (macacca mulatta). Activity was assessed during the performance of three visual memory tasks. In the first task, the sensory and mnemonic receptive

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Ahmad, Asma. "The role of the prefrontal cortex in pain modulation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d959eb19-c859-48a4-9a29-2f120d6f629f.

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Existing knowledge identifies the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as the modulatory area for pain. Previous neuroimaging studies suggest the existence of the cortico-cortical pathway, an alternative pain modulatory pathway distinct from the descending modulatory pathway of pain. However, little is known of the extent, mechanism and underlying substrate of the modulation. The objective of this study is therefore to explore the role of the PFC in pain modulation. To examine the extent of PFC involvement in pain, meta-analyses of imaging studies in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic pain were p

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Neubert, Franz-Xaver. "Ventral prefrontal cortex structure and function in behavioural change." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1723e174-d0a5-462d-a096-02e6ff7cca5b.

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There is a considerable interest in the neural correlates of cognitive flexibility, language, valuation, credit assignment and decision-making. The ventrolateral, orbital and medial prefrontal cortex together with their long-range connections with the rest of the brain are thought to be critically involved in these cognitive processes. My thesis explores human and monkey ventrolateral, orbital and medial prefrontal cortex and their potential role in flexible adaptation and choice. In the introductory chapter I review neuroeconomic and neuro-ecological views of decision making, as well as modul

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Malalasekera, W. M. N. "Neuronal mechanisms of decision making in the prefrontal cortex." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1474040/.

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This thesis examines several aspects of decision computations which are critical for understanding the processes by which decisions are made. It will show that subjects engaged covert attention to bias both saccadic and choice processes during simple decision making tasks even when these stimuli were novel. This saccadic behaviour was overridden when one presented stimulus is relatively more novel than the other implying the existence of separate value comparison circuits in the brain which deal with making value based decisions about attention and choice respectively. Even when the task was m

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Lanoue, Amelie Cecile. "Neuropathology in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in Parkinson's disease." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/11112.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University<br>Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta is the hallmark neuropathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Multiple lines of evidence from anatomical and imaging studies indicate that cell loss or cell dysfunction also occur in other brain regions. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a region of interest because it could be implicated in both cognitive and motor symptoms of PD. However, studies in this brain region are limited and the extent of pathology is unclear. Work in this thesis was aimed at identifyin

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Walton, Mark. "The role of the anterior cingulate cortex in making and changing decisions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400291.

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Bussey, T. J. "Functions of the cingulate cortex in learning and memory in the rat." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597160.

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This thesis investigates the functions of three midline cortical structures: medial frontal (MF), anterior cingulate (ANT), and posterior cingulate (POS) cortex. Although these regions have been little studied relative to other limbic structures such as the hippocampus, recent anatomical and behavioural evidence suggests that they may serve an equally important role in learning and memory. Initial investigations examined the effects of discrete, cytotoxic lesions of these regions on a specific type of learning: stimulus-response (S-R) or "habit" learning, using an automated conditional visual

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Junior, Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli. "Inferência do tempo de atividade neural a partir do efeito BOLD em ressonância magnética funcional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-20072011-170109/.

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A inferência do curso temporal da atividade neural a partir do efeito BOLD é um importante problema, ainda em aberto. A forma da curva BOLD não reflete diretamente as características temporais da atividade eletrofisiológica dos neurônios. Nessa tese, é introduzido o conceito de tempo de processamento neural (TPN) como um dos parâmetros do modelo biofísico da função de resposta hemodinâmica (HRF). O objetivo da introdução desse conceito é obter estimativas mais acuradas da duração da atividade neural a partir do efeito BOLD, que possui auto grau de nãolinearidade. Duas formas de estimar os parâ

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Hardwick, Claire Louise. "Neuroanatomical studies of chandelier neurons in rat medial prefrontal cortex." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434850.

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