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Journal articles on the topic 'Prefrontal lobe function'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Guo, Huirong, Ning Zhao, Zheng Li, Binhua Zhu, He Cui, and Youhui Li. "Regional cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 72, no. 1 (2014): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20130205.

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Objective: To explore the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cognitive function in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed for 139 OCD patients and 139 controls, and the radioactivity rate (RAR) was calculated. Cognitive function was assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Results: The RARs of the prefrontal, anterior temporal, and right occipital lobes were higher in patients than controls. For the WCST, correct and classification numbers were significantly lower, and errors and persiste

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Kang, Minji, ChoHye Youn, and Juyoung Lee. "Outdoor Garden Activities may Increase the Function of Prefrontal Cortex in Cognitively Impaired Older Adults." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 28, no. 2 (2025): 173–91. https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2025.28.2.173.

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Background and objective: With the rising prevalence of dementia in aging societies, there is an urgent need for effective, non-invasive interventions to support cognitive function and emotional stability. Gardening, a nature-based activity, has demonstrated potential to enhance mental and physical well-being, yet its direct impact on prefrontal cortex function remains largely unclear. This study investigates the effects of outdoor gardening activities (OGA) on prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation in elderly individuals with dementia and cognitive impairments, comparing these effects to those of

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Miller, Jacob A., Mark D'Esposito, and Kevin S. Weiner. "Using Tertiary Sulci to Map the “Cognitive Globe” of Prefrontal Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 33, no. 9 (2021): 1698–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01696.

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Abstract Stuss considered the human PFC as a “cognitive globe” [Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 3–28, 1984] on which functions of the frontal lobe could be mapped. Here, we discuss classic and recent findings regarding the evolution, development, function, and cognitive role of shallow indentations or tertiary sulci in PFC, with the goal of using tertiary sulci to map the “cognitive globe” of PFC. First, we discuss lateral PFC (LPFC) tertiary sulci in classical anatomy and modern neuroimaging, as well as their devel

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Achim, Amélie M., and Martin Lepage. "Episodic memory-related activation in schizophrenia: meta-analysis." British Journal of Psychiatry 187, no. 6 (2005): 500–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.6.500.

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BackgroundNumerous studies have examined the neural correlates of episodic memory deficits in schizophrenia, yielding both consistencies and discrepancies in the reported patterns of results.AimsTo identify in schizophrenia the brain regions in which activity is consistently abnormal across imaging studies of memory.MethodData from 18 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were combined using a recently developed quantitative meta-analytic approach.ResultsRegions of consistent differential activation between groups were observed in the left inferior prefrontal cortex, medial temporal cortex bi

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Preuss, Todd M. "Do Rats Have Prefrontal Cortex? The Rose-Woolsey-Akert Program Reconsidered." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 7, no. 1 (1995): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1995.7.1.1.

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Primates are unique among mammals in possessing a region of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with a well-developed internal granular layer. This region is commonly implicated in higher cognitive functions. Despite the histological distinctiveness of primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the work of Rose, Woolsey, and Akert produced a broad consensus among neuroscientists that homologues of primate granular frontal cortex exist in nonprimates and can be recognized by their dense innervation from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD). Additional characteristics have come to be identified with do

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Selemon, Lynn D., Keith A. Young, Dianne A. Cruz, and Douglas E. Williamson. "Frontal Lobe Circuitry in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Chronic Stress 3 (January 2019): 247054701985016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470547019850166.

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Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder include hyperarousal, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, re-experiencing of trauma, and mood changes. This review focuses on the frontal cortical areas that form crucial links in circuitry pertinent to posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology: (1) the conditioned fear extinction circuit, (2) the salience circuit, and (3) the mood circuit. These frontal areas include the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (conditioned fear extinction), the dorsal anterior cingulate and insular cortices (salience), and the lateral orbitofrontal and subgenual cingulate

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Barceló, Francisco. "Does the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Measure Prefontral Function?" Spanish Journal of Psychology 4, no. 1 (2001): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600005680.

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This review describes a research program aimed at evaluating the validity and specificity of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), one of the most widely used tests of prefrontal function in clinical and experimental neuropsychology. In spite of its extensive use, voices of caution have arisen against the use of WCST scores as direct markers of prefrontal damage or dysfunction. Adopting a cognitive neuroscience approach, the present research program integrates behavioral, physiological, and anatomical information to investigate the cognitive and neural mechanisms behind WCST performance. The

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GREENWOOD, PAMELA M. "The frontal aging hypothesis evaluated." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 6, no. 6 (2000): 705–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617700666092.

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That the human frontal lobes are particularly vulnerable to age-related deterioration has been frequently invoked as an explanation of functional decline in aging. This “frontal aging hypothesis” is evaluated in this review by examining evidence of selectively reduced frontal lobe function in aging. The frontal aging hypothesis predicts that functions largely dependent on frontal regions would decline in aging, while functions largely independent of frontal lobes would remain relatively spared. The hypothesis further predicts that age-related brain change would selectively impact frontal regio

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Colvin, Mary Kathryn, Kevin Dunbar, and Jordan Grafman. "The Effects of Frontal Lobe Lesions on Goal Achievement in the Water Jug Task." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 13, no. 8 (2001): 1129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892901753294419.

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Patients with prefrontal cortex lesions are impaired on a variety of planning and problem-solving tasks. We examined the problem-solving performance of 27 patients with focal frontal lobe damage on the Water Jug task. The Water Jug task has never been used to assess problem-solving ability in neurologically impaired patients nor in functional neuroimaging studies, despite sharing structural similarities with other tasks sensitive to prefrontal cortex function, including the Tower of Hanoi, Tower of London, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST). Our results demonstrate that the Water Jug task

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Liu, Hanjing. "Critical Influence of Prefrontal Cortex-hippocampus Interactions on False Memories." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 130 (February 24, 2025): 43–50. https://doi.org/10.54097/peafjq74.

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This thesis addresses the important role of prefrontal-hippocampal circuits in the generation of false memories. First analyses the influence of prefrontal and hippocampus in the generation of false memories by separately analysing the semantic processing in the prefrontal lobe and the effect of high cognitive load on memory. As well as the impact of the memory extraction process and memory integration on memory in hippocampal function. Finally, the integrated effects of prefrontal-hippocampal circuits on false memories are discussed as a whole. This section includes questions about the intera

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Becker, Suzanna, and Jean Lim. "A Computational Model of Prefrontal Control in Free Recall: Strategic Memory Use in the California Verbal Learning Task." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15, no. 6 (2003): 821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892903322370744.

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Several decades of research into the function of the frontal lobes in brain-damaged patients, and more recently in intact individuals using function brain imaging, has delineated the complex executive functions of the frontal cortex. And yet, the mechanisms by which the brain achieves these functions remain poorly understood. Here, we present a computational model of the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in controlled memory use that may help to shed light on the mechanisms underlying one aspect of frontal control: the development and deployment of recall strategies. The model accounts for i

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Clark, David, Sudeshna Chatterjee, Jared Skinner, et al. "fNIRS Outcomes for a Pilot Clinical Trial Combining Frontal tDCS With Walking Rehabilitation in Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 792–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2872.

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Abstract This pilot study assessed a novel intervention to enhance both walking and executive function in older adults. The primary hypothesis was that eighteen sessions of frontal lobe tDCS combined with walking rehabilitation would be feasible, safe, and show preliminary efficacy. Eighteen participants were randomized to one of three intervention groups: active tDCS and rehabilitation with complex walking tasks (Active/Complex); sham tDCS and rehabilitation with complex walking tasks (Sham/Complex); or sham tDCS and rehabilitation with typical walking (Sham/Typical). Outcome measures include

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Wang, Feng, and Ailuan Huang. "MEASUREMENT OF LOCAL CONSISTENCY OF THE WHOLE BRAIN AFTER AEROBIC EXERCISE BASED ON MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 27, no. 4 (2021): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202127042021_0112.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The rapid development of rs-fMRI in recent years can provide new scientific evidence of the plasticity of the child's brain. Objective: To reveal the effect of short-term moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on local consistency of brain function in children at rest, and to provide new evidence for elucidating the relationship between physical exercise and plasticity of children's brain. Methods: Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) technology and local consistency (ReHo) analysis method to detect a 30-min short-term moderate-intensity aerob

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Echoru, Isaac, Edmund E. M. Bukenya, Godfrey Masilili, Elna Owembabazi, Ann Monima Lemuel, and James Ahimbisibwe. "Khat distorts the prefrontal cortex histology and function of adult Wistar rats." Anatomy Journal of Africa 7, no. 1 (2018): 1121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aja.v7i1.169485.

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Khat is a psychoactive herbal drug of pronounced ethno-pharmacological significance often abused due to its unregulated use. It affects many brain centers including the prefrontal cortex which is the anterior most part of the frontal lobe. The prefrontal cortex modulates working memory, planning complex cognitive behaviors however; it is linked to many psychological disorders such as depression, schizophrenia and memory loss. We studied the effects exerted by khat on the PFC cytoarchitecture and functions since this part of the brain is highly interconnected with various cortical regions. This

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K., Jayasankara Reddy, Rajan Menon Karishma, and G. Hunjan Unnati. "Neurobiological Aspects of Violent and Criminal Behaviour: Deficits in Frontal Lobe Function and Neurotransmitters." International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences 13, no. 1 (2018): 44–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1403384.

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Many neurobiological abnormalities have been reported in patients with violent and criminal behaviour. Strong associations exist between aggressive/violent behaviour and brain dysfunction. Also, many studies support an association between frontal lobe dysfunction and increased aggressive or antisocial behaviour. The focal orbitofrontal brain injury is specifically associated with increased aggression. Deficits in frontal lobe executive functions may increase the likelihood of future aggression, but as of now, studies have reliably demonstrated a characteristic pattern of frontal network dysfun

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Tian, Qu, David Melzer, Luke Pilling, and Luigi Ferrucci. "Parental Longevity Is Associated With Brain Volumes in Selected Areas." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1695.

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Abstract A few studies report that parental longevity is associated with faster gait speed, less memory decline, a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease, and lower white matter hyperintensities. Data on structural neuroimaging correlates of parental longevity and its spatial distribution are limited. This study aims to examine relationships of parental longevity with regional brain volumes. We identified 10,513 participants from UK Biobank (mean age=58±6, ranged40-70, 50%women) with data on parental longevity and information on MRI regional brain volumes that have been related to executive functio

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Gold, Stefan M., Isabel Dziobek, Kimberley Rogers, Abdul Bayoumy, Pauline F. McHugh, and Antonio Convit. "Hypertension and Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Hyperactivity Affect Frontal Lobe Integrity." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 90, no. 6 (2005): 3262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-2181.

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Chronically elevated cortisol levels have been associated with elevated blood pressure, brain atrophy, and cognitive impairments. In this cross-sectional exploratory study, we assessed whether hypertension was related to hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity and whether this may in part explain prefrontal brain atrophy and cognitive impairments in this population. We studied 27 patients with hypertension and 27 normotensive control subjects. Glucocorticoid feedback was assessed using the combined dexamethasone-CRH test. All participants completed a neuropsychological battery and rec

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Mogi, Eucaly. "Intelligence and emotion." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 2 (2000): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00412422.

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The explicit system for action selection integrates emotional information with the higher-order cognitive processes which culminate in the language system. Even the basic feels of emotion are what they are because they are integrated into the higher cognitive processes. The relation between emotion and intelligence would become increasingly important as the focus of brain science shifts to the integrative function of the prefrontal lobe.

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Sun, Jing, and Nicholas Buys. "Early executive function deficit in preterm children and its association with neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood: a literature review." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 24, no. 4 (2012): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh.2012.042.

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Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the association of deficits of executive function (EF) and neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm children and the potential of assessing EF in infants as means of early identification. EF refers to a collection of related but somewhat discrete abilities, the main ones being working memory, inhibition, and planning. There is a general consensus that EF governs goal-directed behavior that requires holding those plans or programs on-line until executed, inhibiting irrelevant action and planning a sequence of actions. EF plays an essential role in

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Clark, David, Sudeshna Chatterjee, Jared Skinner, et al. "Combining frontal tDCS with walking rehabilitation to enhance mobility and cognition: a pilot clinical trial." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1577.

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Abstract Walking function is compromised with older age, particularly for cognitively demanding complex walking tasks. Frontal lobe brain networks are important to both complex walking and cognitive function. There is a need for interventions that target this brain region. This pilot study assessed a novel intervention to enhance both walking and executive function in older adults. The primary hypothesis was that eighteen sessions of frontal lobe tDCS combined with complex walking rehabilitation would be feasible, safe, and show preliminary efficacy for improvements in walking and cognition. E

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Gabrieli, John D. E., John E. Desmond, Jonathan B. Demb, et al. "Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Semantic Memory Processes in the Frontal Lobes." Psychological Science 7, no. 5 (1996): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00374.x.

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Frontal-lobe activation during semantic memory performance was examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a noninvasive technique for localizing neural activity associated with cognitive function Left inferior prefrontal cortex was more activated for semantic than for perceptual encoding of words, and for initial than for repeated semantic encoding of words Decreased activation for semantic encoding of repeated words reflects repetition priming, that is, implicit retrieval of memory gained in the initial semantic encoding of a word The left inferior prefrontal region may subs

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Bian, Jinhui, Xiaoman Liu, and Changming Wang. "Executive Function and Brain Region Development in ADHD: Mechanisms and Interventions in the Prefrontal Cortex and Related Circuits." Advances in Precision Medicine 10, no. 1 (2025): 15–21. https://doi.org/10.18063/apm.v10i1.681.

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents, significantly impacting academic performance, emotional regulation, and social adaptation. Executive function, a higher-order cognitive ability that governs cognition, emotion, and behavior, is a core symptom of ADHD. This article examines executive function deficits in ADHD, focusing on the roles of brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, parietal lobe, and basal ganglia, and how developmental abnormalities in these areas contribute to the disorder. Research shows that def

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Merege-Filho, Carlos Alberto Abujabra, Maria Concepción Garcia Otaduy, Ana Lúcia de Sá-Pinto, et al. "Does brain creatine content rely on exogenous creatine in healthy youth? A proof-of-principle study." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 42, no. 2 (2017): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0406.

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It has been hypothesized that dietary creatine could influence cognitive performance by increasing brain creatine in developing individuals. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, proof-of-principle study aimed to investigate the effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function and brain creatine content in healthy youth. The sample comprised 67 healthy participants aged 10 to 12 years. The participants were given creatine or placebo supplementation for 7 days. At baseline and after the intervention, participants undertook a battery of cognitive tests. In a random subsampl

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Basso, Julia C., Andrea Shang, Meredith Elman, Ryan Karmouta, and Wendy A. Suzuki. "Acute Exercise Improves Prefrontal Cortex but not Hippocampal Function in Healthy Adults." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 21, no. 10 (2015): 791–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771500106x.

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AbstractThe effects of acute aerobic exercise on cognitive functions in humans have been the subject of much investigation; however, these studies are limited by several factors, including a lack of randomized controlled designs, focus on only a single cognitive function, and testing during or shortly after exercise. Using a randomized controlled design, the present study asked how a single bout of aerobic exercise affects a range of frontal- and medial temporal lobe-dependent cognitive functions and how long these effects last. We randomly assigned 85 subjects to either a vigorous intensity a

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Burgess, Paul W., and Donald T. Stuss. "Fifty Years of Prefrontal Cortex Research: Impact on Assessment." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 23, no. 9-10 (2017): 755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617717000704.

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AbstractOur knowledge of the functions of the prefrontal cortex, often called executive, supervisory, or control, has been transformed over the past 50 years. After operationally defining terms for clarification, we review the impact of advances in functional, structural, and theoretical levels of understanding upon neuropsychological assessment practice as a means of identifying 11 principles/challenges relating to assessment of executive function. Three of these were already known 50 years ago, and 8 have been confirmed or emerged since. Key themes over this period have been the emergence of

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Wang, Xin, Zhaoxiang Meng, Jibing Wang, Hongyu Zhou, Yi Wu, and Junfa Wu. "Enriched environment improves working memory impairment of mice with traumatic brain injury by enhancing histone acetylation in the prefrontal cortex." PeerJ 6 (December 7, 2018): e6113. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6113.

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Working memory impairment is a common cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI), which severely affects the quality of life of patients. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter which is closely related to cognitive functions. In addition, epigenetic modifications are also related to cognitive functions. A neurorehabilitation strategy, enriched environment (EE) intervention, has been widely used to improve cognitive impairment. However, studies of the mechanism of EE on cholinergic system and epigenetic modifications in mouse with TBI have not been reported yet. In this paper, a mous

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Luciana, Monica. "Adolescent brain development in normality and psychopathology." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 4pt2 (2013): 1325–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000643.

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AbstractSince this journal's inception, the field of adolescent brain development has flourished, as researchers have investigated the underpinnings of adolescent risk-taking behaviors. Explanations based on translational models initially attributed such behaviors to executive control deficiencies and poor frontal lobe function. This conclusion was bolstered by evidence that the prefrontal cortex and its interconnections are among the last brain regions to structurally and functionally mature. As substantial heterogeneity of prefrontal function was revealed, applications of neuroeconomic theor

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Kong, Seong Sook. "Factors associated with Brain Function in Patients with Eating Disorders." Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 32, no. 2 (2023): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2023.32.2.162.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors associated with brain function in patients with eating disorders.Methods: Patients(N=171) who visited 'M' clinic for eating disorders participated. Data were collected from June 2022 to September 2022 using self-reported questionnaires.Results: Problems with brain function were observed in the deep limbic system in 84.8%, basal ganglia in 78.9%, the anterior cingulate in 74.3%, the prefrontal lobe in 55.6%, and the temporal lobe in 34.5%. Additionally, 55.6% of the participants had more than moderate anxiety, and 32.2% were susp

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January, David, John C. Trueswell, and Sharon L. Thompson-Schill. "Co-localization of Stroop and Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution in Broca's Area: Implications for the Neural Basis of Sentence Processing." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 12 (2009): 2434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.21179.

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For over a century, a link between left prefrontal cortex and language processing has been accepted, yet the precise characterization of this link remains elusive. Recent advances in both the study of sentence processing and the neuroscientific study of frontal lobe function suggest an intriguing possibility: The demands to resolve competition between incompatible characterizations of a linguistic stimulus may recruit top–down cognitive control processes mediated by prefrontal cortex. We use functional magnetic resonance imaging to test the hypothesis that individuals use shared prefrontal neu

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Gallinat, Jürgen, Thomas Götz, Peter Kalus, Malek Bajbouj, Thomas Sander, and Georg Winterer. "Genetic Variations of the NR3A Subunit of the NMDA Receptor Modulate Prefrontal Cerebral Activity in Humans." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no. 1 (2007): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.1.59.

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Introduction: Recently, a novel N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit, NR3A, has been discovered in the brain. This subunit decreases NMDA receptor activity by modulating the calcium permeability of the receptor channel and current density in cortical cells. Because the NR3A is expressed in the human prefrontal cortex, we hypothesized that genetic variations of the NR3A subunit modulate prefrontal activation. Methods: Electromagnetic activity during selective attention (auditory oddball task with target processing) was measured in 281 healthy subjects. Genotyping of a missense variation

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Andrewes, David. "Duncan's Spearman's “G” — A New Measure of Executive Function?" Brain Impairment 3, no. 1 (2002): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.3.1.28.

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AbstractDuncan's theory allows that executive function may be represented by a central and general construct of intelligence which was originally described by Spearman (Spearman, 1946). This theoretical critique discusses the three planks of evidence which appear to support this proposal: (1), the finding that intra correlations between “executive” tests are low and in one study equivalent to those with non-executive tasks, (2), that tests which are seen as most representative of Spearman's G may be used to identify patients with frontal lobe lesions and executive dysfunction and (3), the find

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Mattson, Daniel T., Michael Berk, and Marilyn D. Lucas. "A Neuropsychological Study of Prefrontal Lobe Function in the Positive and Negative Subtypes of Schizophrenia." Journal of Genetic Psychology 158, no. 4 (1997): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221329709596685.

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Keller, Simon Sean, Gus Baker, Joseph John Downes, and Neil Roberts. "Quantitative MRI of the prefrontal cortex and executive function in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy." Epilepsy & Behavior 15, no. 2 (2009): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.03.005.

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Nadel, Lynn, Jenna Campbell, and Lee Ryan. "Autobiographical Memory Retrieval and Hippocampal Activation as a Function of Repetition and the Passage of Time." Neural Plasticity 2007 (2007): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/90472.

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Multiple trace theory (MTT) predicts that hippocampal memory traces expand and strengthen as a function of repeated memory retrievals. We tested this hypothesis utilizing fMRI, comparing the effect of memory retrieval versus the mere passage of time on hippocampal activation. While undergoing fMRI scanning, participants retrieved remote autobiographical memories that had been previously retrieved either one month earlier, two days earlier, or multiple times during the preceding month. Behavioral analyses revealed that the number and consistency of memory details retrieved increased with multip

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Chen, Cheng-Hsuan, Kuo-Kai Shyu, Cheng-Kai Lu, Chi-Wen Jao, and Po-Lei Lee. "Classification of Prefrontal Cortex Activity Based on Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data upon Olfactory Stimulation." Brain Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060701.

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The sense of smell is one of the most important organs in humans, and olfactory imaging can detect signals in the anterior orbital frontal lobe. This study assessed olfactory stimuli using support vector machines (SVMs) with signals from functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data obtained from the prefrontal cortex. These data included odor stimuli and air state, which triggered the hemodynamic response function (HRF), determined from variations in oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxyhemoglobin (deoxyHb) levels; photoplethysmography (PPG) of two wavelengths (raw optical red and near-infrare

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Nam, H. Hannah, John T. Jost, Michael R. Meager, and Jay J. Van Bavel. "Toward a neuropsychology of political orientation: exploring ideology in patients with frontal and midbrain lesions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1822 (2021): 20200137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0137.

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How do people form their political beliefs? In an effort to address this question, we adopt a neuropsychological approach. In a natural experiment, we explored links between neuroanatomy and ideological preferences in two samples of brain lesion patients in New York City. Specifically, we compared the political orientations of patients with frontal lobe lesions, patients with amygdala lesions and healthy control subjects. Lesion type classification analyses revealed that people with frontal lesions held more conservative (or less liberal) beliefs than those with anterior temporal lobe lesions

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Dai, Han, Li Mei, Mei Minjun, and Sun Xiaofei. "Regional homogeneity of intrinsic brain activity related to the main alexithymia dimensions." General Psychiatry 31, no. 1 (2018): e000003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2018-000003.

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BackgroundAlexithymia is a multidimensional personality construct.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the neuronal correlates of each alexithymia dimension by examining the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of intrinsic brain activity in a resting situation.MethodsFrom university freshmen, students with alexithymia and non-alexithymia were recruited. Their alexithymic traits were assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. The ReHo was examined using a resting-state functional MRI approach.ResultsThis study suggests significant group differences in ReHo in multiple brain regions distributed

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Beer, Jennifer S., Michael V. Lombardo, and Jamil Palacios Bhanji. "Roles of Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Orbitofrontal Cortex in Self-evaluation." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 9 (2010): 2108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21359.

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Empirical investigations of the relation of frontal lobe function to self-evaluation have mostly examined the evaluation of abstract qualities in relation to self versus other people. The present research furthers our understanding of frontal lobe involvement in self-evaluation by examining two processes that have not been widely studied by neuroscientists: on-line self-evaluations and correction of systematic judgment errors that influence self-evaluation. Although people evaluate their abstract qualities, it is equally important that perform on-line evaluations to assess the success of their

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Müller-Plath, Gisela, Derek V. M. Ott, and Stefan Pollmann. "Deficits in Subprocesses of Visual Feature Search after Frontal, Parietal, and Temporal Brain Lesions—A Modeling Approach." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 7 (2010): 1399–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21275.

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Deficits in visuospatial attention are commonly observed after different kinds of brain lesions. However, the structure–function relationships are not well understood. We investigated whether our response time (RT) model, strategies of visual search (STRAVIS), combined with a linear model of brain lesions, enables us to relate specific impairments in cognitive processes to specific sites of focal brain lesions. In STRAVIS, RTs in overt visual feature search with graded target-distractor similarity are decomposed into the durations of successive search steps. Fitting the model to an observer's

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Veselis, Robert A., Ruth A. Reinsel, Vladimir A. Feshchenko, and Ann M. Dnistrian. "A Neuroanatomical Construct for the Amnesic Effects of Propofol." Anesthesiology 97, no. 2 (2002): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200208000-00008.

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Background This study was designed to identify neuroanatomical locations of propofol's effects on episodic memory by producing minimal and maximal memory impairment during conscious sedation. Drug-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were located in comparison with rCBF increases during a simple word memory task. Methods Regional cerebral blood flow changes were assessed in 11 healthy volunteers using H215O positron emission tomography (PET) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM99) at 600 and 1,000 ng/ml propofol target concentrations. Study groups were based on final recog

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Wang, L., K. Li, Q. Zhang, et al. "Short-term effects of escitalopram on regional brain function in first-episode drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder assessed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 7 (2013): 1417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713002031.

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BackgroundMost knowledge regarding the effects of antidepressant drugs is at the receptor level, distal from the nervous system effects that mediate their clinical efficacy. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study investigated the effects of escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), on resting-state brain function in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodFourteen first-episode drug-naive MDD patients completed two fMRI scans before and after 8 weeks of escitalopram therapy. Scans were also acquired in 14 matched healthy subjects. Data w

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Pridmore, Saxby, Amber Chambers, and Milford Mcarthur. "Neuroimaging in Psychopathy." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 10 (2005): 856–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01679.x.

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Objective: The biological basis of psychopathy remains to be fully elucidated. Evidence suggests a genetic contribution and dysfunction of the serotonin system. The objective of this article is to review the contribution of the neuroimaging of the last decade to our understanding of psychopathy. Method: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and the words psychopath, antisocial personality disorder, dissocial personality disorder, violence, image and imaging. In addition, the reference lists of the identified papers, and recent textbooks, were perused for additional sources. Results: F

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Festini, Sara B., and Benjamin Katz. "A Frontal Account of False Alarms." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 33, no. 9 (2021): 1657–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01683.

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Abstract Prior research has demonstrated that the frontal lobes play a critical role in the top–down control of behavior, and damage to the frontal cortex impairs performance on tasks that require executive control [Burgess, P. W., & Stuss, D. T. Fifty years of prefrontal cortex research: Impact on assessment. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 23, 755–767, 2017; Stuss, D. T., & Levine, B. Adult clinical neuropsychology: Lessons from studies of the frontal lobes. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 401–433, 2002]. Across executive functioning tasks, performance defic

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Mitani, Keita, Namal Rathnayake, Upaka Rathnayake, Tuan Linh Dang, and Yukinobu Hoshino. "Brain Activity Associated with the Planning Process during the Long-Time Learning of the Tower of Hanoi (ToH) Task: A Pilot Study." Sensors 22, no. 21 (2022): 8283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218283.

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Planning and decision-making are critical managerial functions involving the brain’s executive functions. However, little is known about the effect of cerebral activity during long-time learning while planning and decision-making. This study investigated the impact of planning and decision-making processes in long-time learning, focusing on a cerebral activity before and after learning. The methodology of this study involves the Tower of Hanoi (ToH) to investigate executive functions related to the learning process. Generally, ToH is used to measure baseline performance, learning rate, offline

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Tamm, Leanne, Vinod Menon, Cindy K. Johnston, David R. Hessl, and Allan L. Reiss. "fMRI Study of Cognitive Interference Processing in Females with Fragile X Syndrome." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14, no. 2 (2002): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892902317236812.

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Females with fragile X syndrome, the most common form of inherited developmental and learning problems, are known to be impaired in executive function. The current study is the first to investigate the performance of females with fragile X on a cognitive interference task utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Fourteen females with fragile X and 14 age-matched healthy controls were imaged while they performed a counting Stroop interference task. Compared to controls, females with fragile X appeared to have longer reaction times during the interference condition of the task, an

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Lim, Ilhan, Hye-Young Joung, A. Ram Yu, Insop Shim, and Jin Su Kim. "PET Evidence of the Effect of Donepezil on Cognitive Performance in an Animal Model of Chemobrain." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6945415.

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A considerable number of patients with breast cancer complain of cognitive impairment after chemotherapy. In this study, we showed that donepezil enhanced memory function and increased brain glucose metabolism in a rat model of cognitive impairment after chemotherapy using behavioral analysis and positron emission tomography (PET). We found that chemotherapy affected spatial learning ability, reference memory, and working memory and that donepezil improved these cognitive impairments. According to PET analysis, chemotherapy reduced glucose metabolism in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippoca

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Kubota, Y., M. Toichi, M. Shimizu, et al. "Altered prefrontal lobe oxygenation in bipolar disorder: a study by near-infrared spectroscopy." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 8 (2008): 1265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708004364.

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BackgroundPrevious studies have reported prefrontal cortex (PFC) pathophysiology in bipolar disorder.MethodWe examined the hemodynamics of the PFC during resting and cognitive tasks in 29 patients with bipolar disorder and 27 healthy controls, matched for age, verbal abilities and education. The cognitive test battery consisted of letter and category fluency (LF and CF), Sets A and B of the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM-A and RCPM-B) and the letter cancellation test (LCT). The tissue oxygenation index (TOI), the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) concentration to total hemoglob

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Orlova, Vera A., Nina I. Voskresenskaya, Nina P. Shcherbakova, et al. "Integrative Neuropsychological Characteristics of Subcortical-Frontal Brain Regions as a Schizophrenia Liability Factor." Spanish Journal of Psychology 10, no. 2 (2007): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600006697.

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In order to study neuropsychological characteristics of subcortical-frontal brain regions function and assessment of their relation with vulnerability to schizophrenia 59 patients and 23 controls were investigated using Luria's neuropsychological methods. The analysis established bilateral abnormalities of the function of prefrontal and profound frontal lobe zones in patients as compared with controls. These abnormalities were more predominate in the left hemisphere. Point biserial correlation coefficients of determined integrative neuropsychological indicators with liability to schizophrenia

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Saur, Dorothee, Björn W. Kreher, Susanne Schnell, et al. "Ventral and dorsal pathways for language." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 46 (2008): 18035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805234105.

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Built on an analogy between the visual and auditory systems, the following dual stream model for language processing was suggested recently: a dorsal stream is involved in mapping sound to articulation, and a ventral stream in mapping sound to meaning. The goal of the study presented here was to test the neuroanatomical basis of this model. Combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a novel diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based tractography method we were able to identify the most probable anatomical pathways connecting brain regions activated during two prototypical language t

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Salmi, Juha, Karen Johanne Pallesen, Tuomas Neuvonen, et al. "Cognitive and Motor Loops of the Human Cerebro-cerebellar System." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 11 (2010): 2663–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21382.

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We applied fMRI and diffusion-weighted MRI to study the segregation of cognitive and motor functions in the human cerebro-cerebellar system. Our fMRI results show that a load increase in a nonverbal auditory working memory task is associated with enhanced brain activity in the parietal, dorsal premotor, and lateral prefrontal cortices and in lobules VII–VIII of the posterior cerebellum, whereas a sensory-motor control task activated the motor/somatosensory, medial prefrontal, and posterior cingulate cortices and lobules V/VI of the anterior cerebellum. The load-dependent activity in the crus I

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