Dissertations / Theses: 'Pregnanat women'

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Thomas, Amy N. "Pregnancy intendedness among a low income population." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1311.

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Delcourt, Sarah E. "A healthy pregnancy outcome brochure to educate women of childbearing age and pregnant women." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1596459.

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The purpose of this project was to create a brochure based on current healthy pregnancy outcome recommendations with additional recommendations for reducing organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure and promotion of nutrition quality of organic versus conventionally grown food. Specific objectives of the project were: (a) review the literature and depth of the problem, (b) review existing similar healthy pregnancy outcome educational material, (c) develop a brochure for the purpose of educating women of childbearing age and pregnant women about healthy pregnancy outcome recommendations, and (d) develop tools to measure learner comprehension of the information presented in the brochure, as well as obtain recommendations for improving the brochure. An expert panel reviewed the brochure and modifications were made based on their suggestions. Implementing the resulting evidence-based brochure could help increase healthy pregnancy outcomes and improve the overall health of women and children.

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Gelsinger, Tamara J. "The role of dietary intake and exercise on maternal weight gain in West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=603.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 78 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-50).

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Shelton, Beth Anne. "Embodied experience in pregnancy and post-birth body image and body-directed attending /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/37150.

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Thesis (DPsych) -- School of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2007.
Submitted in partial requirement fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Professional Doctorate in Counselling Psychology, Swinburne University of Technology, 2007". "February 2007". Includes bibliographical references (p. 247-256).

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5

Klinger, Ingrid. "The nutritional status of pregnant women in relation to alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and pregnancy outcome." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16365.

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Thesis (MVoeding)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy is teratogenic.49-51 A woman’s nutritional requirements increase during pregnancy.4 The dangers of heavy drinking in the presence of malnutrition may put the fetus at a further disadvantage to normal development and life. Objectives: To determine the nutritional status of pregnant women in relation to alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and pregnancy outcome. To relate the combined effect of maternal alcohol consumption and nutritional status to pregnancy outcome. Study design: Prospective, longitudinal and cohort. Study population: Pregnant women attending Hanover Park MOU for pre-natal care. They were classified as subjects (heavy drinkers) or controls (light drinkers or abstainers), and 15 pairs were matched according to race, parity and gestational age at the onset of their participation in the study. Methodology: A skilled FARR worker determined the alcohol consumption of the individuals through a validated questionnaire, whilst the investigator gathered the study data blinded to the participants’ alcohol consumption status. The investigator conducted three interviews with the pregnant individuals. Anthropometrical, clinical and biochemical investigations were done and questionnaires completed to determine dietary intake, sociodemographics, health and eating habits. An experienced FARR paediatrician examined the newborns, assessing their anthropometric status, health and the presence of any alcohol-related signs. Results: The nutritional status of the matched subjects and controls did not differ significantly in terms of dietary intake, anthropometric or clinical assessment. There were significant differences between the 2 groups’ serum vitamin A values (p<0.0097). Significant associations were found between the mother and newborn data; specifically energy intake and gestational age at birth (p<0.0083), MUAC and birth weight (p<0.04), and weight gain and weight for age (p<0.0056). The participants’ energy intake also had a significant correlation with their weight gain during pregnancy (r=0.0389, p<0.01). The prevalence of FAS in the total population was 6.67%; a finding that confirms previously reported data in nearby Wellington, Western Cape.49 Conclusion: Some mothers’ good nutritional status did not protect their offspring against alcohol’s teratogenic effects. Nutritional status did have a few statistical significant effects on pregnancy. However, the investigator is of the opinion that the few significant findings were not enough to accept or reject the hypothesis; therefore, making the results inconclusive.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Swaar alkoholgebruik tydens swangerskap is teratogenies.49-51 Vroue se voedingsbehoeftes verhoog met swangerskap.4 Die gevare van swaar alkoholgebruik in die teenwoordigheid van wanvoeding mag die fetus verhoed om normal te ontwikkel en groei. Doelwitte: Om die voedingstatus van swanger vroue te bepaal in verhouding met alkoholgebruik tydens swangerskap, en die swangerskapsuitkoms. Asook om die gekombineerde effek van die moeder se voedingstatus en alkoholgebruik op haar swangerskapsuitkoms te bepaal. Studie-ontwerp: Prospektief, longitudinaal en kohort. Studiepopulasie: Swanger vroue wat Hanover Park MOU besoek vir voorgeboorte sorg. Hulle is of as toetslinge (swaar drinkers) of as kontroles (ligte drinkers of geheelonthouers) geklassifiseer, en 15 pare is gepaar na aanleiding van ras, pariteit en gestasionele ouderdom by die aanvang van deelname aan die studie. Metodologie: ‘n Ervare SAVN lid het die individue se alkoholgebruik bepaal deur middel van ‘n gevalideerde vraelys. Die navorser was geblind vir die individue se alkoholgebruik. Die navorser het drie onderhoude gevoer met elke individu. Antropometriese, kliniese en biochemiese ondersoeke is gedoen. Vraelyste is voltooi om dieetinname, gesondheid, sosiodemografiese en eetgewoonte- inligting te versamel. ‘n Ervare SAVN pediater het alle pasgeborenes ondersoek om hulle antropometriese status, gesondheid en die teenwoordigheid van enige alkohol-verwante tekens te bepaal. Resultate: Die voedingstatus van die gepaarde toets-en kontrolegroepe het nie beduidend verskil in terme van dieetinname, antropometriese of kliniese evaluering nie. Daar was ‘n beduidende verskil tussen die 2 groepe se serum vitamien A vlakke (p<0.0097). Beduidende assosiasies is gevind tussen die moeder en pasgebore se data; naamlike tussen energie-inname en gestasionele ouderdom by geboorte (p<0.0083), bo-armomtrek en geboortegewig (p<0.0056), en gewigstoename tydens swangerskap en die baba se gewig vir ouderdom (p<0.0056). Die deelnemers se energie-inname het ook ‘n beduidende positiewe korrelasie met hul gewigstoename tydens swangerskap gehad (r=0.0389, p<0.01). Die prevalensie van FAS in die totale populasie was 6.67%; wat ook gevind is onlangs in die nabygeleë Wellington, Weskaap.49 Gevolgtrekking: Sommige moeders se goeie voedingstatus het nie hul kinders teen alkohol se teratogeniese effekte beskerm nie. Voedingstatus se effek op swangerskapsuitkoms was statisties beduidend in ‘n paar gevalle. Tog is die navorser van mening dat daar nie genoeg beduidende bewyse is om die nulhipotese te aanvaar of verwerp nie; dus is die gevolgtrekking onopgelos.

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Nwi-ue, Letam. "Predictors of Poor Pregnancy Outcomes Among Pregnant Women in Island Maternity, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7245.

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Pregnancy outcomes have improved tremendously in developed countries. Notwithstanding, it is still a huge challenge in developing countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015 in Nigeria, about 145 women died daily from pregnancy-related causes. Similarly, nearly 2,300 children under 5 years were lost in the same year. Nigeria consistently underperformed in some of the critical pregnancy indicators such as maternal and neonatal mortality, second worst only to India in the world. Studies on poor pregnancy outcomes are scarce in Nigeria. The purpose of this quantitative, retrospective cross-sectional study was to use local evidence to ascertain the risk factors that predict poor pregnancy outcomes for women of childbearing age (15-49 years old) in Nigeria. The theoretical framework for this study was the social cognitive theory. Secondary data from 400 pregnant women from Island Maternity Hospital, Nigeria, was used for this study. Five central research questions were analyzed through univariate and multiple logistic regressions. The results indicated moderate to strong statistically significant associations between outcomes of last pregnancy, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, and the timing of antenatal care booking with maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, and low birth weight, even after controlling for other covariates. Findings from this study may foster positive social change by further enhancing the understanding of poor pregnancy outcomes, especially in Nigeria. It will help public health practitioners, policymakers, community leaders and other stakeholders to design strategies and interventions that will take advantage of cultural and religious norms and educational status of women of childbearing age in promoting reproductive health in Nigeria.

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Meaney-Delman, Dana. "A Systematic Review of Bacillus anthracis in Pregnant and Postpartum Women." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/216.

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Objective: To describe the worldwide experience of Bacillus anthracis infection reported in pregnant and postpartum women. Data Sources: Studies were identified through MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE, EMBASE, and GLOBAL HEALTH databases from inception until April 2012. The keywords [(“anthrax” or “anthracis”) and (“pregna*” or “matern*” or “post partum” or “postpartum” or “puerperal” or “lact*” or “breastfed*” or “fetal” or “fetus” or “neonate” or “newborn” or “abort*” or “uterus”)] were used. In addition, all references from selected articles were reviewed, hand searches were conducted and relevant authors were contacted. Methods of Study Selection: The inclusion criteria were: 1) published articles referring to women diagnosed with an anthrax infection during pregnancy or within six months postpartum, 2) any article type reporting patient-specific data, 3) articles in any language, and 4) non-duplicate cases. Non-English articles were professionally translated. Duplicate reports, unpublished reports and review articles depicting previously identified cases were excluded. Tabulation, Integration and Results: Two authors independently reviewed articles for inclusion. The primary search of the 4 databases yielded 800 articles and the secondary cross-reference search revealed 146 articles. Seven articles from these searches met inclusion criteria. By contacting the lead author of the largest systematic review of inhalation anthrax to date, 6 additional articles, published before the databases’ inception, were identified that met inclusion criteria. In total, 19 cases of anthrax infection were found, 16 in pregnant women and 3 in postpartum women. Conclusions: Based on these case reports, anthrax infection in pregnant and postpartum women is associated with high rates of maternal and fetal death. Evidence of possible maternal-fetal transmission of B. anthracis was identified in early case reports. Transmission of B. anthracis through breast milk has not been reported. This review provides important insight to guide anthrax treatment and prophylaxis recommendations for pregnant and postpartum women.

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Bottoman, Phathiswa Esona. "Pregnant women’s construction of social support from their intimate partners during pregnancy." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62560.

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There is a growing body of research aimed at understanding social support during pregnancy in South Africa. Pregnancy is constantly referred to as one of the challenging and stressful periods affecting women’s physical and psychological well-being. Various research studies on social support argue that social support is paramount at this stage. Research on social support indicates that having adequate and quality social support impacts on how pregnant women experience pregnancy. My interest in social support comes in the wake of absent fathers in South Africa and with the emerging trend of “new” fathers. Although there is a volume of research on social support, it tends to be realist. Using a social constructionist framework, I explore other ways of talking about social support in an attempt to expand the discourse around social support. I explore how pregnant women talk about social support during pregnancy from their intimate partners in the small rural municipality of Elundini, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Intimate partner support was limited to heterosexual partners regardless of their marital status. The sampling procedure followed a non-probability sampling method. Participants of the study were between 24 and 32 years old. Their gestational age ranged between five and eight months. Fourteen in-depth interviews using photo-elicitation were conducted with seven participants and were analysed using a social constructionist informed thematic analysis. The major theme that emerged from the analysis was partner involvement and absence during pregnancy. The analysis of results suggests that expectant father presence translates to social support. Participants constructed his presence as reassurance in the context of possible abandonment. Absence was constructed in different ways: participants constructed absence as unjust and unfair, absence and marriage, temporary absence in the form of cultural phenomenon of ukwaliswa/ukubukubazana, absence as normal but burdening to the pregnant women’s social network. Participants reported that social support from the expectant father affected pregnancy wantedness.

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Bayingana, Claude. "The prevalence of members of the "red complex" in pregnant women as revealed by PCR and BANA hydrolysis." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Increased levels of oestrogen and progesterone during pregnancy may lead to periodontal disease. The anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria called red complex (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis and Treponema denticola) are frequently associated with periodontal disease. Periodontopathogens produce toxins and enzymes which can enter the bloodstream and cross the placenta to harm the foetus. The response of the mother&rsquo
s immune system to infection by these periodontopathogens, brings about the release of inflammatory mediators which may trigger preterm labour or result in low birth-weight infants. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of red complex, using BANA and PCR in subginginval plaque samples from pregnant women. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from pregnant women between the ages of 17 to 45 years attending a Mitchells Plain ante-natal clinic. Plaque samples were analyzed by the enzymatic BANA-test for detection of the presence of red complex and DNA was extracted and analyzed using 16 rDNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Seventy-nine percent of pregnant women showed gingival index scores of &ge
1 of which 74.24% harboured by at least one of the members of the red complex. P.gingivalis was the most prevalent of the three members of the red complex. Findings of this study confirmed a need for dental preventive measures in pregnant women and microbial monitoring of suspected periodontopathogenes. This could be achieved by joint cooperation between Maternity Obstetric Units (MOU), Dentistry and oral microbiology departments. The results of this study revealed that although PCR is more sensitive than BANA in detecting members of the red complex, BANA showed a better association with the indices used to diagnose periodontal disease.

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King, Rebecca. "The effects of smoking on blood cells, and the association between smoking and nutrient intake among pregnant women residing in northern West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1297.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 33 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-32).

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Levy, Valerie Anne. "Facilitating and making informed choices during pregnancy : a study of midwives and pregnant women." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6002/.

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Over the past several years various authors and Government reports have urged that women be enabled to make informed choices regarding their care during pregnancy and childbirth. The facilitation and making of these choices involves complex processes, however, which apparently have not yet been studied in depth; this is the purpose of this study. A grounded theory approach to data collection and analysis has been used within a interpretive framework, influenced by symbolic interaction, to develop middle range, substantive theory. Mid, Arives and pregnant women were accessed from four maternity units. Data were collected by means of loosely structured interviews and observation. All 48 interviews were transcribed and provided the main source of data. Convenience sampling was supplemented later in the study by theoretical sampling. Data were analysed and theoretical frameworks constructed according to grounded theory method. Several strategies were used to confirm the trustworthiness of the data and their analysis. From the midwives data, the core category was identified as Protective Steering, whereby midwives tried to steer the women and themselves through various pitfalls and dilemmas. Substantive categories were Orienting, Raising Awareness and Protective Gatekeeping. The core category emerging from the women's data was Maintaining Equilibrium, whereby the woman attempted to make decisions that would preserve the balance of her life, and that of her family. Substantive categories were Regulating, Contextualising and Actioning. The category which linked the two sets of data and theoretical frameworks was named Balancing: Walking a Tightrope. Two main over-arching issues emerged as power and trust. Issues of power related to the study are discussed mainly in terms of Foucault's and Lukes' interpretations of power. Trust is discussed in relation to existing theories and their application to this study. Recommendations for midwifery practice are made, together with hypotheses for further exploration.

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Lau, Ying. "The roles of social support in antenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms and family conflicts among Hong Kong Chinese women a three-wave prospective longitudinal study /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37686392.

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Herman, Darmawan Sutham Nanthamongkolchai. "Intention to exclusive breast feeding among pregnant women in North Minahasa, Indonesia /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd375/4737946.pdf.

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Cyphers, Natalie, Andrea D. Clements, and Jody L. Ralph. "The Relationship between Religiosity and Health-Promoting Behaviors in Pregnant Women at Pregnancy Resource Centers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7245.

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Baker, Philip. "Platelet angiotensin II binding in non-pregnant women and in normotensive pregnant and hypertensive pregnant women." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28300/.

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A method for measuring human platelet Angiotensin II (All) binding was validated, and characterisation studies involving 67 non-pregnant subjects were performed. Platelets were found to possess high affinity binding sites with many of the characteristics of receptors. No correlation was found between platelet All binding and the rise in intracellular free calcium after ex vivo All infusion, thus formal validation of the binding sites as receptors was not achieved. In 25 non-pregnant subjects, there was an inverse correlation between platelet All binding and simultaneously measured plasma All (P<0.02). In 10 ovulatory subjects, platelet All binding diminished in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (P<0.02). In a pilot cross-sectional study of platelet All in normotensive pregnancy, incorporating 125 pregnant/postnatal patients, platelet All binding was significantly lower in 1st trimester patients as compared to non-pregnant subjects (P<0.001). Platelet All binding remained low throughout pregnancy. Higher values, approximating to the non-pregnant level, were found 6 weeks postnatally. These findings were confirmed in a longitudinal study .of 30 pregnant women, with a diminution in platelet All binding being suggested by 5-8 weeks gestation (p= 0.02). Inverse correlations in pregnancy between platelet All binding and the components of the renin-angiotensin system were found (P<0.01). There were also significant correlations between platelet All binding and the levels of serum sodium, urea and osmolality (P<0.01). When platelet All binding was measured in 67 patients with established hypertension in pregnancy, binding in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) was significantly higher than in normotensive primigravidae (P<0.0001). No differences in binding were found in the puerperium. In a prospective comparison of platelet All binding and the All sensitivity test in predicting the development of PIH, involving 34 subjects, platelet All binding was a more effective discriminant than any of the parameters derived from the All sensitivity test. There was a significant correlation between platelet All binding and the slope of the curve relating the diastolic pressor response to infused All (P<0.01).

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Wang, Xingyue, and 王星月. "Diet and physical activity interventions to prevent excessive gestational weight gain : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206966.

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Background Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) poses significant risk for maternal and neonatal health. Various guidelines have recommended healthy diets and enhancing physical activity during pregnancy to prevent excessive GWG. However, results of intervention studies are inconsistent in the developed countries, and there are no official guidelines and few interventions for GWG in China. This paper aims to review and synthesize relevant studies on diet and physical activity interventions to prevent excessive GWG so that practical suggestions can be provided to public health authorities in China. Methods This systematic review was performed using PubMed, Google and Google Scholar to search all relevant studies in English and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated diet and physical activity interventions to limit excessive GWG up to May 2014. The quality of included studies was assessed using CONSORT statement and JADAD scale. Results Nine studies describing diet and physical activity interventions to prevent excessive GWG were incorporated in the systematic review. Overall, the contents of interventions were diverse, which consisted of one-to-one counselling, and community-based physical activity interventions. Weekly mailed newsletters and supportive telephone calls were used as assistive tools to remind pregnant women of limiting excessive GWG. Seven studies showed less weight gain in pregnant women receiving the intervention, of which four studies demonstrated a reduction in excessive GWG in women with varying body mass index (BMI) spanning the normal, overweight and obese categories, while three studies reported a reduction of excessive GWG only in normal weight women and obese women need to be paid attention in the future. Conclusions The effectiveness of diet and physical interventions to limit excessive GWG may not be confirmed because of limited quality or sample size of intervention studies. However, studies have demonstrated reduction of excessive GWG during pregnancy, in addition to persistent healthy behaviours following such interventions during pregnancy. Further meta-analyses of RCTs studies should be done to confirm the effectiveness of such interventions among Chinese women.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

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Ayoola, Adejoke Bolanle. "Timing of pregnancy recognition as a predictor of prenatal care initiation and birth outcomes." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2007.

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Nwafor, A. O. "Reasons pregnant women who attend antenatal care in Mecklenburg Hospital eat soil." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/198.

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Thesis (M Med.(Family Medicine))--University of Limpopo, 2008.
Objective: To determine what proportion of pregnant women attending antenatal care in Mecklenburg Hospital eat soil. Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Mecklenburg Hospital. Results: A total 273 pregnant women participated in the study, of which 85% eat soil. The majority (74%) were single, mean age of 26 years. About seventy-eight percent had secondary education. Most of the women were unemployed. The majority of women believed that soil eating gives energy, taste nice, makes women feel strong, and makes stomach feel full. The other reason given by these women is that soil eating protects unborn baby from poison, gives nutrients to unborn baby, prevent prolonged labor, stops morning sickness. Conclusion: We conclude that the majority of pregnant women seen at Mecklenburg Hospital eat soil. There was not direct relationship between education level and nutritional reasons for eating soil. Furthermore, fetal and maternal reasons for eating soil were not associated with education level.

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Mercelina-Roumans, Patricia E. A. M. "Smoking during pregnancy the haematological status of smoking and non-smoking pregnant women and their offspring /." Maastricht : Maastricht : UPM, Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1996. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=7388.

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Van, der Walt Driekie. "Dietary intake and pregnancy outcome of pregnant women in an outpatient clinic / Driekie van der Walt." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1060.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the dietary intake during pregnancy and the pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: In the Thusa Mama study, 98 pregnant black women were included. Of these 98 women, two women had miscarriages and five women were lost during the follow-up visits. The total number of women of whom data could have been analysed were 91. They were a sub-sample of a total of 478 pregnant women who attended the midtown antenatal clinic in Potchefstroom during a period of one year. Demographic data, haemoglobin concentrations and food frequency questionnaires were used (during the visits of the women in the study at the antenatal clinic) to collect the data. During the pregnancy, weight and height were used as anthropometric measurements to monitor bodily changes. The mothers gave birth at the Potchefstroom hospital and this is where the babies' birth data were obtained. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The subjects were divided into three categories according to their pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI): BM149.8 (underweight) BMI 19.8,- 26 (normal weight) BMI > 26 (overweight). With reference to the Institute of Medicine's recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy, the Thusa Mama study showed that most of the women in all three categories tended to gain excessive weight. The study also showed that the lower the animal protein was, the lower the total protein intake were. The women with a pre-pregnancy BMI lower than 19.8 were significantly younger than the women with a BMI higher than 26. The women are grouped in three nutrient index groups accordingly to their mean micronutrient intake during pregnancy: A mean micronutrient intake of less than 66% of the RDA (Poor diet group), A mean micronutrient intake between 67% en 100% of the RDA (Adequate diet) A mean micronutrient intake more than 100% van die RDA (Good diet). The outcomes of the three groups showed that the average pregnant women had adequate intake of macronutrients, but the intake of the micronutrients such as iron and folic acid were in all three groups lower than 50% of the DRI. There were no adverse outcomes due to the fact that if a mother was at risk for poor pregnancy outcomes they received assistance from dieticians and the clinic staff. There was no significant difference between the babies' outcomes of the three diet groups, although there was a slightly lower birth head circumference in the poor diet group. Number of previous pregnancies had significantly negative correlations with animal protein intake, fat intake and vitamin A intake of pregnant women. There was also a significant negative correlation between the number of previous pregnancies and the haemoglobin concentrations. The baby birth weight had a significant positive correlation with the dietary iron intake of the mother. There were no adverse outcomes due to good standard clinic care. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, it is essential for pregnant women to have a good balanced diet (with a adequate micronutrient density), but if the pregnant woman is from a low socio-economic group, good clinical care is crucial, where these women can receive iron and folic acid supplementation and outstanding help with education on healthy eating during pregnancy. It is also important that the mothers should be educated on the weight gain regarding the IOM's recommendation, to prevent excessive weight gain and to minimize the adverse outcomes during pregnancy.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

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Waddell, Naomi M. "Interpersonal trauma, substance misuse and pregnancy : a phenomenological exploration of pregnant women and midwives in Scotland." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2018. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1255223.

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Background: The relationship between interpersonal trauma (IPT) and substance misuse is complex and multi-factorial, but has not been examined fully in the existing few studies involving pregnant women who misuse substances. UK based midwifery education and practice is unique, but there is limited evidence regarding midwives experiences and perceptions of supporting this client group. Aims: The aim of this study was to chronologically map out pregnant women's past experiences of abuse and substance use, explore their experiences and perceptions of their journey to motherhood and explore midwives' experiences and perceptions of supporting this client group. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted. Five eligible pregnant women supported by specialist midwifery services in Central Scotland were recruited. Data were collected using a life history calendar (LHC), followed by an in-depth, semi-structured interview. Six eligible midwives were recruited from one NHS board in Central Scotland. In depth, semi-structured interviews were carried out. Findings: Individual LHCs were converted into chronological timelines. Transcribed interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The life history calendars revealed the pregnant participants' experiences of IPT and substance misuse as complex, interconnected and ongoing, including during pregnancy and motherhood. Three major overarching themes emerged from the pregnant participants' interview transcripts: “psychological trauma”, “dabbling to addiction” and “addiction and the identity of pregnancy and motherhood”. Three major overarching themes emerged from the midwifery participants' interview transcripts: “psychological trauma”, “stigma” and “managing unmanageable situations”. Conclusions: This study sheds new light on the lived experiences and perceptions of a previously under-researched and largely misunderstood group of vulnerable women. It highlights some of the challenges faced by midwives in clinical practice. Important areas for future research are highlighted, along with implications for multi-disciplinary education, policy and practice.

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Muscati, Siham K. (Siham Khalili). "Balance between fetal growth and maternal weight retention : effects of maternal diet, weight and smoking behaviour." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40405.

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The interrelation among maternal dietary intake, pregravid weight, amount and pattern of gestational weight gain and cigarette smoking in influencing the balance between fetal growth and maternal postpartum weight retention was in investigated in 1,330 healthy participants in the PEI Nutritional Counselling Program. Among nonsmokers, gestational weight gain was the main predictor of postpartum weight retention and explained 65.3% of its variability, while explaining only 4.7% of infant birth weight variability. Women with higher postpartum weight retention gained more weight during pregnancy and most of the difference between higher and lower weight retention groups occurred in the first 20 weeks. When comparing infant size between smoking and nonsmoking mothers, birth weight increased linearly with maternal weight gain in all weight status groups except in overweight nonsmokers where birth weight reached a plateau at weight gains $>$17 kg. Among smokers, infant length increased at a higher rate with weight gain than nonsmokers. Although higher weight gains seemed to partially mitigate the effect of smoking on the risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, such risk remained $>$10% at elevated weight gains among underweight smokers. The effects of smoking in reducing maternal and infant weights were not mediated by lower energy intake, as smokers consumed more energy than nonsmokers after controlling for physical activity and pregravid weight. The independent relative risks of SGA infants due to maternal smoking, pregravid underweight and low weight gain, were 3.23, 1.80 and 1.72 respectively, implying that smoking has the greatest effect on SGA. Based on current smoking prevalence in Canada, the population etiologic fraction of SGA due to the direct effect of smoking is 30.8%; approximately twice that for maternal underweight or low weight gain. Efforts to increase infant birth weight through higher maternal weight gain would require impractically high ene

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Patel, Dipti. "The effect of nutritional assessment and counseling of underweight pregnant women enrolled in nutrition intervention project (NIP)." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06162009-063240/.

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Wagner, Sarah Annette. "Perinatal human immunodeficiency screening in Washington State." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2006/s%5Fwagner%5F041406.pdf.

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McClelland, Irene Sarah Margaret. "Measurements of urea kinetics in non-pregnant and pregnant women." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295950.

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Wakefield, Melanie. "Evaluation of a smoking cessation intervention for pregnant women and their partners attending a public hospital antenatal clinic." Adelaide : University of Adelaide, Dept. of Community Medicine, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw147.pdf.

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Doubell, Chantéll. "Antenatal care for HIV positive women / Chantéll Doubell." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/741.

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Approximately 29.1% of South African women of childbearing age tested HIV positive during their first antenatal visit in 2006 (DoH, 2007). This rate of HIV amongst the women of childbearing age reinforces the importance of understanding the management of HIV during pregnancy. During antenatal visits the general health of the woman and her unborn baby is assessed and managed. Management includes antiretroviral therapy to the HIV infected women with a CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3, while women with a CD4 count above 200 cells/mm3 receive a single dose of nevirapine with the onset of labour provided to them by their local clinics. Currently, in Potchefstroom, women receive antenatal care at local primary health-care clinics and antiretroviral drugs at the antiretroviral clinic. There is little or no collaboration between the various clinics and the question arises if the needs of the women are being met. The aim of the research was to promote the health of HIV positive pregnant women by providing insight into the needs of these women and to formulate recommendations for antenatal care. The specific objective is to explore and describe the needs of HIV positive pregnant women regarding antenatal care. An explorative, descriptive, contextual design, following a qualitative approach was used during the research. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Interview questions were compiled from the research problems. Before the commencement of data collection, permission was obtained from the district health manager and Potchefstroom Hospital. A total of sixteen (16) HIV positive women were interviewed after informed consent had been obtained. Data analysis was done after each session and themes were categorised according to the women's needs. From the interviews it was found that each woman has her own specific needs regarding antenatal care. The needs of the participants followed a similar pattern and for this reason it could be divided into various categories. These categories include a need for support, a need for education, a need for improved services and a need for a non-judgemental environment. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made for nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research.
Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

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Melgar, Dian L. (Dian Louise). "Effects of Maternal Aerobic Exercise on Selected Pregnancy Outcomes in Nulliparas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278051/.

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This study evaluated the effects of participation in aerobic exercise on pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy outcomes included type of delivery, length of labor, gestational age, neonatal birth weight, and maternal weight gain. The 137 nulliparas were categorized as active (N=44) or sedentary (N=93) based on self-reported aerobic exercise. Findings from this study suggest that pregnant women who were active during pregnancy were more likely to have vaginal deliveries than sedentary women. No significant differences between active and sedentary women were found in neonatal birth weight, maternal weight gain, length of labor, or gestational age.

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Boon, Leen Ooi, University of Western Sydney, College of Social and Health Sciences, and of Nursing Family and Community Health School. "Exploring childbearing women's perception of the role of a midwife." THESIS_CSHS_NFC_Boon_L.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/762.

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In this study, the childbearing women's perception of the role of a midwife in Australia was explored using a descriptive study. Data was gathered using a semi structured questionnaire.The findings revealed that childbearing women in Australia overwhelmingly believed a midwife is specifically trained and qualified to deliver babies normally and to care for a woman in labour.In addition, the belief was that a midwife is trained to provide a comprehensive range of maternity related tasks.The overriding themes which emerged identified the midwife as a source of advice, information, support, education, guidance, specific midwifery knowledge and being a liason person between the doctor and the pregnant woman.Limitation of the role of a midwife was believed to be due to the nursing based training of a midwife.The findings from this study revealed that childbearing women in Australia, United Kingdom and Singapore have similar perceptions of a midwife's role.Recommendations were made for further studies to investigate the reasons for a persistent lack of information regarding the role of a midwife and the type of information required by pregnant women.
Master of Nursing (Hons.)

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Nicaragua, Odila. "Diseño y aplicación de un programa de educación nutricional en base a la prueba de prácticas mejoradas para embarazadas y mujeres en edad fértil de La Rinconada y Cuambo." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/Benson,7393.

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Thesis (Lic.)--Universidad Técnica del Norte, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, 2003.
Reproduced from copy at BYU's Benson Institute. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-61).

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Christie, Sarah Louise. "Investigating the psychosocial implications of pregnancy and the early postnatal period for women who are in treatment for heroin addiction : building a theory of aspirations and psychological evolution." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.693853.

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Tsun, Ka-lai Obe. "Cervical cytology screening in pregnant women /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36586547.

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Tsun, Ka-lai Obe, and 秦家麗. "Cervical cytology screening in pregnant women." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4501100X.

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Goderwis, Allison. "HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF PREGNANT WOMEN." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/60.

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Health care providers’ (N = 421) implicit perceptions of pregnant women based on age, race or ethnicity, marital status, and socioeconomic status are assessed through a true-experiment design. Ordinal and binary regression analyses revealed that respondents felt more pity for an unmarried than married pregnant woman and more anger toward an unemployed pregnant woman without health insurance compared to a pregnant woman who was employed with health insurance. Male, Asian, and Hispanic respondents were less likely to help the pregnant woman, Black and protestant respondents were more likely to express some degree of anger toward the pregnant woman, and male and protestant respondents assigned more responsibility to the woman for her pregnancy. Additionally, respondents’ open-ended suggestions varied based on the pregnant woman’s characteristics. Implications and future directions are discussed.

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Vallianatos, Helen. "Food, gender & power : poor & pregnant in New Delhi, India /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3136450.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 300-341). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Nkomo, Faith Dineo. "HIV testing barriers pregnant women - a case study /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09232008-150105.

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Wattar, Bassel. "Improving health outcomes for pregnant women with metabolic risk factors." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/33934.

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The epidemic of maternal obesity is increasing worldwide. Simple, effective and acceptable interventions are needed to combat obesity and improve pregnancy outcomes in women with metabolic risk factors such as dyslipidaemia and obesity. Dietary and lifestyle interventions reduce gestational weight gain, however, their effect on maternal and fetal outcomes is not clearly known. I conducted a large pragmatic randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a Mediterranean-based dietary intervention to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with metabolic risk factors (The ESTEEM trial). The intervention significantly reduced gestational diabetes and gestational weight gain by an average of 1.2 Kg with some protective effect on fetal outcomes. I analysed the methodological challenges encountered in the trial and discussed applied solutions. I conducted a systematic review on the commonly used dietary assessment tools in trials involving pregnant women to assess their characteristics, validity, and applicability. Self-reporting dietary tools were the most commonly used to assess dietary intake in pregnancy such as food frequency questionnaires. Only 8% of studies validated the chosen tools and applied a defined adherence criterion. I applied the findings of this review to develop and validate a custom designed food frequency questionnaire, and a short 12 items questionnaire, to assess the participants' adherence in the ESTEEM study. I assessed the dietary intake in a randomised cohort from the ESTEEM study and compared the questionnaires' accuracy to 24 hour dietary recalls as the reference method. Both the FFQ and the short questionnaire performed well for assessing the adherence to and the intake of key foods in the Mediterranean diet. I systematically reviewed available online information sources on the risks and management of obesity in pregnancy in the English language. I assessed 53 websites for their information credibility, accuracy, readability, content and technological quality. Overall I found that non-governmental funded websites that are obesity-specific and targeting healthcare users presented better overall information quality.

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Xie, Jingying, and 谢静颖. "A cross-sectional knowledge, attitude and practice study among women with unplanned pregnancy in Guangzhou, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46943729.

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Lau, Ying. "Intimate partner abuse in Chinese pregnant women." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31972846.

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Chou, Fan-hao. "The adaptation to pregnancy in Taiwanese women who experience different severities of nausea and vomiting." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3036170.

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Houliara, Natalie. "Promoting emotional well being in pregnancy a randomised controlled intervention study using CBT for anxiety amon Greek pregnant women." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549261.

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Noftall, Alice. "The experience of men whose partners are hospitalized for high-risk pregnancies : a phenomenological study /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/MQ55532.pdf.

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Ramsay, Bruce. "The quantification of nitric oxide production in pregnant and non-pregnant women." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242626.

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Matte, Susan Marie. "HOW PREGNANT DIABETIC WOMEN VIEW THEIR PREGNANCIES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275243.

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Lau, Ying, and 劉櫻. "Intimate partner abuse in Chinese pregnant women." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31972846.

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Fazzi, Gómez Caterina Joanna. "Sedentary behaviour in morbidly obese pregnant women." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33188.

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Introduction: Obesity during pregnancy is linked to many negative health effects for mothers and offspring. The majority of interventions with obese pregnant women based on physical activity have had limited success suggesting alternative approaches are needed. Sedentary behaviour is defined as waking activities that expend very low energy, 1.5 metabolic equivalents or below, while reclining, lying or sitting. Spending too much time sedentary has been identified as a risk factor for health, regardless of physical activity levels. We hypothesised that targeting sedentary behaviour may be a suitable alternative to reduce health risks during gestation among pregnant women who are morbidly obese (defined as body mass index, BMI > 40 Kg/m²). Aim and objectives: The aim was to explore sedentary behaviour among obese pregnant women and to propose an intervention to reduce the time obese pregnant women spend sedentary, through an active sitting exercise intervention. To conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine the proportion of time spent in sedentary behaviour among pregnant women, and the association of sedentary behaviour with pregnancy outcomes in mothers and offspring. To estimate total energy expenditure, and energy expended in sedentary activities in morbidly obese and lean pregnant women. To assess the feasibility of an active sitting exercise intervention for morbidly obese pregnant women, designed using a patient involvement in research method. Systematic Review: A systematic review of the literature reporting sedentary behaviour during pregnancy and its effects on pregnancy outcomes was conducted. Twenty six publications were included in the systematic review up until October 2015, and a further 18 were identified in the update completed in April 2018. Pregnant women spent at least 50% of their time in sedentary activities. Associations between increased time sedentary and higher risk of macrosomia, higher risk of pre-eclampsia, higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus, and larger new-born abdominal circumference were observed, as the main findings. Most of included studies scored an intermediate quality, only two of the 44 studies scored a good quality. Cross-sectional study. A cross-sectional study was conducted, using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ), and the Actical accelerometer, to assess energy expenditure, and energy expended in sedentary behaviour. Based on the PPAQ, women who were morbidly obese expended significantly more energy per day, as total expenditure, than lean pregnant women, which was confirmed by the Actical. During sedentary behaviour lean pregnant women expended significantly less energy than morbidly obese pregnant women, based on the PPAQ. No differences were observed between lean and morbidly obese pregnant women in the proportion of time spent in sedentary activities, nor in time sedentary. Exercise Intervention Design A patient involvement in research approach was used to design an active sitting exercise intervention for morbidly obese pregnant women. Twenty three women took part in the design of the intervention, enabling design of a final protocol including six exercises, to be performed in two sets of 10 repetitions. Active sitting exercise intervention An intervention based on active sitting exercises for morbidly obese pregnant women to reduce sedentary time was conducted to assess the feasibility. Thirty morbidly obese pregnant women were recruited of whom 20% completed the exercise intervention. The main reason not to complete the intervention was lack of time. Conclusion: A better understanding of sedentary behaviour is needed for the design of effective interventions to help to reduce the adverse effects of morbid obesity on pregnancy, especially as prevalence is growing. More time spent in light intensity activities rather than in sedentary behaviour may play a role as contributing to reduce those risks associated with obesity during pregnancy, and to reduce time spent sedentary. Participants have shown real interest in helping to design an effective exercise intervention. Involving and empowering participants in how to take care of themselves as part of the intervention helps to increase their commitment. Giving participants the tools to take care of their own health and their babies' should be considered as part of the intervention with very obese pregnant women. Providing the information in how and why exercise might help, and basing the intervention in giving participants easy and realistic tasks that they could do on their own and around their own environment, will help to increase their commitment. This appears to be a feasible and effective strategy.

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O'Daniel, Linda D. "Referral and Treatment Settings for Pregnant Women." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3191.

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Drug and alcohol addiction in pregnant women is a significant public health issue. The purpose of this study was to assess drug and alcohol addiction in pregnant women and the setting in which they sought service or treatment to determine whether U.S. census regions and race data could predict the type of addiction service or treatment that pregnant addicts chose. The theories of self-efficacy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and rational emotive behavioral therapy were used as the theoretical framework for this study. The research questions were used to examine whether there was a relationship between the source of addiction treatment referral and the type of addiction service or treatment setting for pregnant addicts that reside in the United States at the time of their initial admission for treatment. This quantitative study used archival data from the 2012 Treatment Episode Dataset – Admission from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Data analysis included the Chi square (χ2) test of independence and a multinomial regression. There was a significant relationship (p < .001) between the source of treatment program referral and type of service/treatment setting for pregnant women who were diagnosed with only an alcohol addiction and both an alcohol and illicit drug addiction. U.S. census region and race did predict the type of addiction service/treatment setting for pregnant addicts diagnosed with an alcohol addiction, as well as those diagnosed with a drug addiction, at the time of treatment admission. Results from this study can be used to address an under researched area of addiction treatment and could aid in changing the behaviors of pregnant addicts, thereby potentially promoting positive social change.

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Al-Qahtani, Saeed Awad. "Myometrial contractility studies in diabetic pregnant women." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526820.

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Zangmo, Dechen Aphichat Chamratrithirong. "The factors affecting the practice of delivery among the pregnant women who received antenatal care during their pregnancy in Bhutan /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd392/4838754.pdf.

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Hibbs, Annie. "Breastfeeding and formula-feeding intentions of pregnant smokers and non-smokers enrolled in the Eau Claire Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007hibbsa.pdf.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pregnanat women'

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