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Journal articles on the topic 'Pregnancy AND gastrointestinal system'
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1
Maslyanyuk, Natal’ya Anatol’yevna, and Inna Ivanovna Evsyukova. "Elective caesarean section and the risk of respiratory distress in preterm infants." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 64, no. 4 (2015): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd64449-56.
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The incidence of respiratory disorders and their risk factors in 349 full-term newborns, extracted by planned cesarean section at various stages of pregnancy. It was found that respiratory disorders (transient tachypnea) observed in 16.5 % of newborns, gestational age of 37 weeks, 4.6% - 38 weeks and 1.6% - ≥39 weeks. The risk of respiratory disorders in children whose mothers have a combination of chronic functional systems (gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, respiratory system) and pregnancy complication preeclampsia mild.
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Rattananukrom, Chitchai, and Wuttiporn Manatsathi. "A rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in pregnancy." Thai Journal of Hepatology 2, no. 1 (2019): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30856/th.jhep2019vol2iss1_04.
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A 29-year-old 11-week pregnant multigravida woman without previous medical history presentedwith sudden onset of hematemesis. This case illustrates the occurrence of a rare complication (rupture of pseudoaneurysm of right hepatic artery inside the biliary system), appearing as upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a pregnant woman. The cause of the rupture is presumably pregnancy-related. We would like to emphasize the presence of pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery as a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in pregnancy.
 
 Figure 1 and 2 CTA showed a lobulated contour of saccular aneurysmal dilatation at proximal right hepatic artery, measured about 3.5x3.2x1.6 cm in size and 2.6 mm in neck width; pseudoaneurysm is likely. There is perianeurysmal heterogeneously hyperdense non-enhancing lesion which shows flip-flop phenomenon, measured about 5.5x6.1x5.5 cm in size; Partially thrombosed pseudoaneurysm at proximal right hepatic artery is likely. This lesion causes stretching of the common hepatic artery and portal vein. Hyperdenselesion with flip-flop phenomenon is also seen within dilated bilateral IHD, CHD, CBD and gallbladder; Contrast extravasation into CHD, CBD, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th part of duodenum and jejunum is detected in portovenous phase. hemobilia is suggested.
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Aristova, I. V., S. Yu Yuriyev, L. V. Barabash, and S. A. Krotov. "The magnetic-laser therapy in the system treatment of anemia in pregnant women infected with Helicobacter pylori." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 9, no. 1 (2010): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2010-1-91-96.
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The article is presented with the results of comparing assessment of clinical efficiency of the magnetic-laser therapy in doublefrequency ranges (150 ang 1 500 Hz) combined with iron therapy (sorbifer 100 mg once a day) in treatment of benign anemia of pregnancy, running above with the chronic gastritis, associated with contamination of gastrointestinal tract by Helicobacter pylori. The results of treatment show that the clinical effect is optimal for noninvasive magnetic-laser impact on blood with 150 Hz frequency. This method allows to raise hemoglobin while maintaining the iron depot in the form of ferritin together with cutting off the infectious process on the gastrointestinal tract mucous.
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Christe, D. M., D. Mohana, and S. Shobha. "Major congenital malformations of foetus: a bane in pregnancy." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 11 (2020): 4521. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204803.
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Background: The aim of the study was to find out the numbers of women presenting with pregnancy complicating with major congenital anomalies of the fetus.Methods: This study was conducted over a period of fifteen months in the year 2018-2019. The types of congenital anomalies were that of the central nervous system, cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal, skeleto-muscular, hydrops foetalis, chromosomal, single umbilical artery and other multiple anomalies. Other variables regarding the age group of the mother, gravida, parity and gestational age at which the pregnancy was terminated was also noted.Results: A total of 212 pregnancies were diagnosed with major congenital anomalies of fetus and opted for termination. Malformations of the central nervous system (CNS) of fetus, formed the largest group of 56.6%, and fetal gastrointestinal malformations and fetal renal anomalies occupied the second major groups forming 11.8% and 11.3% respectively. The age group of women ranged between 23 years to 38 years. The largest group of pregnant women with fetal malformations were aged between 23-27 years. Primigravida with zero parity women were 60.4% of the total group of women with major fetal anomalies.Conclusions: Maximum number of congenital anomalies were seen in primigravida and para one mothers. Genetic counseling should be offered for women at clinics, before planning further pregnancy. Facilities should be made available for poor people from remote areas for early detection of congenital anomalies.
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Sartika, Wiwi, and Siti Qomariah. "ANALISIS FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEIKUTSERTAANSENAM HAMIL PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI BPM HJ. DINCE SAFRINA SST." Jurnal Keperawatan Abdurrab 3, no. 1 (2019): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/jka.v3i1.813.
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Pregnancy and childbirth are natural processes for a woman, during pregnancy the body will experience many adaptations of physiology and psychology. Physiological adaptation consists of changes in the reproductive system, changes in the cardiovascular system, changes in the respiratory system, changes in the gastrointestinal system, changes in the renal system, changes in the endocrine system, changes in the abdominal wall and skin, and metabolic changes while psychological changes consist of stressors during pregnancy and changes in pregnancy . The purpose of this study is to determine the analysis of factors that influence the participation of pregnancy exercise in trimester III pregnant women at the BPM Hj. Dince Safrina, SST. The research used was quantitative observational analytic (cross-sectional) with elements of independent and dependent variables. The population in this study were all mothers - third trimester pregnant women (gestational age above 28 weeks) who visited the BPM Hj. Dince Safrina, SST. Samples with a sample of 61 respondents. Sampling is done in Accidental Sampling. Data used are primary data by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis was done by univariate, bivariate with chi-square test and multivariate with multiple logistic regression tests. The results of the multivariate analysis variables that most influenced the participation of pregnant gymnastics were the motivation variable (OR: 6.93; 95% CI: 1.95-24.60). The conclusion in this study is that high motivation from both pregnant women and families 6.93 times affected pregnant women to take part in pregnancy exercises at the nearest health facility.
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Smoliński, Jakub, Natalia Szeligowska, Paulina Cholewińska, Katarzyna Czyż, and Marzena Janczak. "Levels of Main Bacterial Phyla in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Sheep Depending on Parity and Age." Animals 11, no. 8 (2021): 2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082203.
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During pregnancy and parturition, the homeostasis of the body is disturbed, and the immune system is undermined, which is associated with hormonal changes within the body. Recently, it has also been suggested that physiological and hormonal changes associated with pregnancy may affect the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the composition of the microbiome in the third month of pregnancy in sheep in their first and second parity. Eighteen females in total were selected for the experiment, and they were divided into two groups: primiparous (aged 1 year) and multiparous ones (aged 2 years). The animals were fed the same fodder, and did not show any disease symptoms. Fecal samples were collected individually from each female (n = 20), and then bacterial DNA isolation and real-time PCR were performed for the main bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria) and families (Lactobacillaceae and Clostridia). The obtained results showed the differentiation in the microbiome between the primiparous and multiparous ewes with respect to the following groups: Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria—the level was higher in the case of the primiparas. These results suggest that the parity and age of the females may affect the gastrointestinal microbiome, but further studies are recommended.
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Gürkan, Özlem Can, Zübeyde Ekşi, Derya Deniz, and Hasan Çırçır. "The Influence of Intimate Partner Violence on Pregnancy Symptoms." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 3-4 (2018): 523–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260518789902.
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The current literature contains few studies conducted on the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on pregnancy symptoms. Does being subjected to IPV during pregnancy increase the incidence of pregnancy-related symptoms? The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of IPV on pregnancy-related symptoms. The study was conducted as comparative, descriptive, and cross-sectional research with a total of 370 participants. Data were collected using the Domestic Violence Against Women Screening Form, the Pregnancy Symptoms Inventory (PSI), and a descriptive questionnaire. The types of IPV the women in the study had experienced during pregnancy were, in order of frequency, verbal abuse (31.1 %; n = 115), economic abuse (25.9 %; n = 96), physical violence (8.4 %; n = 31), and sexual abuse (5.9%; n = 22). The PSI scores for the pregnant women subjected to physical violence related to gastrointestinal system symptoms ( p < .05), cardiovascular system symptoms ( p < .05), mental health symptoms ( p = 0), neurological system symptoms ( p < .05), urinary system symptoms ( p < .01), and tiredness or fatigue ( p = 0); their total PSI scores ( p = 0) were significantly higher statistically than those of women who did not experience physical violence during pregnancy. The scores of the pregnant women subjected to sexual abuse related to mental health symptoms ( p < .05), and their total PSI scores ( p < .05) were significantly higher than those of women who did not experience sexual abuse. The scores of the pregnant women subjected to economic abuse related to tiredness or fatigue ( p < .01) and their mental health symptom scores ( p < .05) were significantly higher than those of women who did not experience economic abuse. Our results showed that women subjected to IPV during pregnancy experienced a higher incidence of pregnancy symptoms.
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Song, An, Wenbo Wang, Sixing Chen, et al. "PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM DURING PREGNANCY: A CASE SERIES OF 8 PATIENTS." Endocrine Practice 25, no. 11 (2019): 1127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2019-0035.
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Objective: Due to a lack of typical clinical manifestations and physiologic changes in calcium metabolism during pregnancy, primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) during pregnancy is commonly underdiagnosed, and treatment during this unique period presents a clinical challenge. Hence, the aim of the present study was to summarize the cases of 8 pregnant patients with PHPT who were treated at our center to provide better clinical insight into this condition. Methods: Our study comprised a retrospective analysis of 8 pregnant PHPT patients and a control group of 22 age-matched, nonpregnant PHPT patients during the same period. Clinical manifestations, biochemical indices, pathologic types, therapeutic strategies, and pregnancy outcomes were compiled, and 25 patients were screened for germline mutations in the MEN1, CDC73, and CaSR genes. Results: The most-common symptoms in the pregnancy group involved the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in 7/8 cases (87.5%), followed by urinary system involvement (50%) and joint pain (50%). In contrast, GIT symptoms in the control group were significantly less common (31.82%; P = .012). There was a trend of more-severe elevation of serum parathyroid hormone levels in the control group compared to that in the pregnancy group ( P = .053). No differences were found in blood-ionized calcium, phosphate, or alkaline phosphatase levels between the two groups. In the pregnancy group, the serum albumin-corrected calcium level was reduced from 3.42 ± 0.66 mmol/L to 2.89 ± 0.46 mmol/L ( P = .025) after hydration and medical treatment. Six patients, three of whom were in the second trimester of pregnancy, underwent parathyroidectomy, and 3 patients were after childbirth or had induced labor. Postoperative serum calcium levels were reduced to within the normal range. Fetal/neonatal complications were observed in 4 of 5 patients who had not received surgical treatment during pregnancy. In addition, 2 of 5 pregnant PHPT patients were found to carry MEN1 mutations, whereas no mutations were detected in any of the 20 nonpregnant patients. Conclusion: In this case series of PHPT during pregnancy, the most-common complaint of GIT symptoms may be easily confused with pregnancy reactions, which might contribute to the under- or misdiagnosis of this clinical entity. Patients who did not receive surgical treatment during pregnancy had high incidences of fetal/neonatal complications and worse pregnancy outcomes. Abbreviations: CaSR = calcium-sensing receptor; CDC73 = cell division cycle 73; GIT = gastrointestinal tract; MEN = multiple endocrine neoplasia; PHPT = primary hyperparathyroidism; PTH = parathyroid hormone; SCa = serum calcium
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Tkachenko, Zh S. "Prophylaxis of genesial losses in І trimester taking into account vitamin D level". HEALTH OF WOMAN, № 4(140) (30 травня 2019): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2019.140.41.
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The objective: depression of frequency of not incubation at women from groups of high risk on a basis studying at them level 25OHD3, and also clinical-functional, immunologic and microbiological features, and also development and deployment of advanced algorithm of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic actions. Materials and methods. After the accounting of all criteria of including and switching off included in the main group 60 patients with risk of not incubation of pregnancy (discontinuing threat), the group of control was made by 30 women with physiological pregnancy. The complex of the conducted researches included clinical, laboratory, tool and statistical methods. Results. Use of the algorithm improved by us allows to warn pregnancy not incubation at women of group of high risk, and also to reduce the frequency of premature births (by 3,3%) and perinatal pathology (for 6,7%). At women with accompanying pathology of gastrointestinal tract and inflammatory processes of genesial system it is necessary to define level 25OHD3 at a pregravidale stage and during pregnancy. Conclusion. Use of advanced algorithm allows to reduce the frequency of genesial losses at women of group of high risk. Key words: genesial losses, diagnostics, prophylaxis, vitamin D.
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Puckett, Leah, Daniela Grayeb, Vishnupriya Khatri, Kamila Cass, and Philip Mehler. "A Comprehensive Review of Complications and New Findings Associated with Anorexia Nervosa." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 12 (2021): 2555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10122555.
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Anorexia nervosa is a complex and deadly psychiatric disorder. It is characterized by a significant degree of both co-occurring psychiatric diseases and widespread physiological changes which affect nearly every organ system. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the varied consequences of this disorder. Given the high rate of mortality due to AN, there is a need for early recognition so that patients can be referred for appropriate medical and psychiatric care early in the course of the disorder. In this study, we present a comprehensive review of the recent literature describing medical findings commonly encountered in patients with AN. The varied and overlapping complications of AN affect pregnancy, psychological well-being, as well as bone, endocrine, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and pulmonary systems.
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Patil, Sunil Somnath, Punam Bhimsing Pardeshi, and Pradip Wamnrao Sambarey. "Congenital anomalies in fetus during pregnancy-predisposing factor and management in rural set up." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 8 (2018): 3173. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183312.
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Background: Congenital anomalies are the vital causes for perinatal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, an antenatal diagnosis and foetal therapy have attained importance in the field of human embryology.Methods: This was an observational study conducted in antenatal, labour and postnatal ward at Rural medical college and hospital for 2 years. The aim of study is to review the overall frequency of congenital malformation and to increase public awareness in saving newborns from birth defects.Results: Cause of congenital anomalies was unknown in 82.1% of the cases in our study. Out of 162 congenital anomalies 60.49% were antenataly registered whereas 39.51% were unregistered. Most common system involved in congenital anomaly was Central nervous system (CNS) followed by gastrointestinal anomaly. In central nervous system anencephaly was commonest abnormality. sensitivity of ultrasonography was 74.03% and specificity was 98.86%.Conclusions: Every mother should undergo early anomaly. Fortification of food with iron, folic acid, iodine should be carried out. Anemia should be tackled early in reproductive age group. Maternal perinatal infection can be prevented through vaccination and if identified, diagnosed and treated early, would also help in decreasing congenital anomalies in baby.
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Behram, Mustafa, Süleyman Cemil Oğlak, Zeynep Gedik Özköse, et al. "The Distribution of Congenital Malformations in Adolescent Pregnancies: A Single Tertiary Center Experience in Turkey." Aegean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2, no. 3 (2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/aejog.v2i3.60.
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Objective: Adolescent pregnancies are more severe and dangerous for both mother and baby than adult pregnancies. Low birth weight, infections, intrauterine growth restriction, sudden infant death syndrome, and death risk are higher in neonates of adolescent pregnant women. Besides, anomalies of central nervous, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems are also seen frequently. The purpose of this study is to investigate congenital malformations of infants born from adolescent mothers. In this study, malformations were grouped according to the systems.
 Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, 166 pregnant women aged 18 and under who had fetal anomaly were included in the study and their charts reviewed. Descriptive information about the adolescents and information about the fetuses and anomalies were recorded. Maternal and neonatal characteristics were calculated as frequency and percentage.
 Results: The most common anomalies were the central nervous (40.5%), cardiovascular (15.8%), and urinary (10.8%) system. The anomalies related to the skin and phalanges, including the face, accounted for 8.1% of the cases. Ventricular dilatation (10,4%), neural tube defect (7,2%), and hydrocephalus (7,2%) were the most common abnormalities of the central nervous system. Ventricular septal defect (5,9%), pulmonary artery anomaly (2,7%), and tricuspid valve anomaly (2,3%) were the most common cardiovascular system anomalies. Intrauterine growth restriction (3,6%), pleural effusion/hydrothorax (3,2%), pes equinovarus (2,7%), diaphragmatic hernia (2,3%), cystic hygroma (2,3%), oligohydramnios (2,3%), polyhydramnios (2,3%), and cleft palate/lip (2,3%) were the most common anomalies among the other system and organ anomalies.
 Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy was partially associated with an increased risk of severe neonatal anomalies especially in the central nervous, cardiovascular, and urinary systems. Pediatric health care providers should have a low threshold for suspecting pregnancy in adolescents.
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Galbally, Megan, Andrew J. Lewis, Jarrad Lum, and Anne Buist. "Serotonin Discontinuation Syndrome Following in Utero Exposure to Antidepressant Medication: Prospective Controlled Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 9 (2009): 846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670903107583.
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Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine neonatal symptoms previously reported to be associated with exposure to antidepressant medication in late pregnancy in a group of infants exposed to antidepressants, using a prospective and controlled design. Method: A prospective case–control study recruited 27 pregnant women taking antidepressant medication and 27 matched controls who were not taking antidepressant medication in pregnancy. Of the 27 women taking medication, 25 remained on medication in the third trimester and, of these, 23 women had complete data available. In pregnancy and after delivery women were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II and a purpose-designed questionnaire. After delivery mothers were asked a set of nine questions pertaining to symptoms of discontinuation in their newborn and questions about pregnancy and delivery complications. Results: There was an increased risk of discontinuation symptoms in neonates exposed to antidepressant medication in late pregnancy and an association with higher dose medication. The study group were found to be significantly more likely to display behaviour such as crying, jitteriness, tremor, feeding, reflux and sneezing and sleep for <3 h after a feed. They also had significantly higher rates of jaundice and admissions to the special care nursery. Conclusions: Exposure to antidepressants in late pregnancy is associated with a range of symptoms in the neonate that are consistent with the effects of exposure to antidepressants in late pregnancy. The clusters of symptoms most highly correlated are the gastrointestinal and central nervous system symptoms. These finding helps to identify the common symptoms associated with a neonatal serotonin discontinuation syndrome.
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Shrestha, Shreejana, Yogita Dwa, Pooja Jaiswal, and Binod Parmar. "Congenital anomalies in antenatal ultrasound scan at a tertiary care teaching hospital." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 5, no. 1 (2018): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v5i1.24038.
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Introductions: Early detection of congenital fetal anomalies by ultrasonography (USG) helps to identify the severity and termination of pregnancy in severe cases. Anomalies cause significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. Aim of this study was to analyse real-time USG detection of prenatal anomalies. 
 Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of fetal anomalies detected during 2nd and 3rd trimester antenatal USG scan done from 2011 to 2015, in Patan Hospital. Age of mother, parity, gestational age when anomalies detected and, anomalies of previous child, use of folic acid were analysed. Descriptive analysis was done. 
 Results: There were 35,571 deliveries in four years period with 134 (0.37%) congenital anomalies, 99 (79.2%) detected during antenatal USG during 2nd and 3rd trimester. Among 99 anomalies, 29 (29.29%) were detected before 22 weeks. Central nervous system (CNS) anomalies were 47, gastrointestinal 23, renal 12, skin and fetal compartment 8 and rest were less common. Young mothers of less than 30 years were 109 (81.34%) and primi were 85 (63.4%). 
 Conclusions: Antenatal ultrasound can detect fetal anomalies in 2nd and 3rd trimester with higher frequencies belonging to the central nervous system followed by gastrointestinal tract anomalies and renal.
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Zherebak, Nadiia, and Olena Gnatko. "COURSE OF THREATENED ABORTION IN CHRONIC GASTRITIS OF DIFFERENT TYPES." Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal 115, no. 1 (2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/usmyj.1(115).2020.53-62.
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Abortion is one of the most important medical and social problems in the world. Functional and morphological sexual changes associated with the normal fetal growth and development during physiological pregnancy involve other maternal organs and systems to varying extent, and provide changes in metabolic and homeostasis processes in new conditions to preserve pregnancy. Gastrointestinal motility disorders can be a leading pathogenetic factor that contributes to the development of many common gastrointestinal disorders. During pregnancy, decreased intestinal motility may play a pathogenetic role in pregnancy as a factor leading to decreased intestinal motor and evacuation function and negative impact on pregnancy. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical course of threatened abortion in early gestation in women with different types of chronic gastritis to optimize the management of pregnancy. 67 pregnant women with threatened abortion at 8-12 weeks of gestation were examined. They were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 - 35(52.2%) women with chronic gastritis and Group 2 - 32(47.8%) patients without gastritis. At the beginning of pregnancy, all women with chronic gastritis had remission. A comparative assessment of the frequency and severity of manifestations of this complication at an early stage on the leading clinical signs: pain, bleeding, retrochorial hematoma in combination with major (vomiting, constipation) motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract in different types of gastritis was performed to determine the role of motor and evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract in the development of the risk of abortion in pregnant women with gastritis. The type of gastritis was confirmed according to the level of basal secretion of serum gastrin 17 (G-17) with the stimulation test. The obtained results were processed by mathematical and statistical analysis methods with determination of average values (M±m), Student's test and confidence index (statistically significant difference was considered as р˂0,05).
 Results. All women were of reproductive age, the average age of pregnant women in groups had no statistical difference. Analysis of the frequency of clinical manifestations of threatened abortion showed that 35(100%) had pain symptoms, 30(85.7%) had bloody discharge and 10(28.6%) had retrochorial hematoma in Group 1, and 32(100%), 12(37.5%), 5(15.6%), respectively, in Group 2. Assessment of the intensity of threatened abortion symptoms showed that moderate pain was most often observed in all types of gastritis. Mild symptoms were in normoacidic women of Group 1 (11.4%) and Group 2 (9.4%). 2.9% of hyperacidic pregnant women in Group 1 and 3.1% of hypoacidic women in Group 2 reported severe pain. Analysis of the bleeding nature and intensity showed that women in Group 1 with all types of gastritis had spotting: 11.4% of hyperacidic type, 20.0% of normoacidic type and 11.4% of hypoacidic type. Moderate bleeding was observed in different types of chronic gastritis in pregnant women of Group 1 and various acidic conditions in Group 2. Moderate bleeding was significantly more common (7.4-fold) in hyperacidic pregnant women of Group 1 compared with Group 2. Retrochorial hematomas were registered in Group 1 as 14.3% in hyperacidic patients, 5.7% in normoacidic patients and 8.6% in hypoacidic women. Retrochorial hematomas were 2.5-fold more common in hyperacidic gastritis compared with normoacidic and 1.7-fold more common in hypoacidic gastritis. Estimation of the frequency of combined clinical manifestations of functional gastrointestinal diseases in pregnant women with threatened abortion showed that the manifestations of threatened abortion only were observed in 65.6% without gastritis, and only in 5.7% with gastritis. Different variants of combined clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal functional disorders and threatened abortion significantly prevailed in women with chronic gastritis: threatened abortion and vomiting were 3-fold more common, threatened abortion and vomiting and constipation - 4.3-fold, threatened abortion and constipation - 1.6-fold. The combination of threatened abortion and vomiting with various acidity was most common in hyperacidic condition (2,7-fold more common in Group 1 than in Group 2). The variant of the combination of threatened abortion, vomiting and constipation in hyperacid state was 3.6 times more common in Group 1 than in Group 2. Threatened abortion with constipation was registered in 17.1% of women in Group 1 with hyperacidity, which was 2.7 times more often than in women of Group 2. The most common clinical manifestations of threatened abortion and functional gastrointestinal disorders were seen in pregnant women with chronic hyperacidic gastritis.
 Conclusion. Dysfunction of the motor and evacuation gastrointestinal activity is important in the clinical course of threatened abortion based on the type of chronic gastritis, mediated by the different acid-producing gastric function which indicates the need to optimize treatment of threatened abortion in pregnant women with different types of chronic gastritis.
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Popov, S. V., O. I. Smiian, and A. O. Profatylo. "The present conception of neonatal microbiome formation." Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 9, no. 1 (2021): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2021;9(1):18-28.
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The neonatal period is critical in the development of the microbiome and the gastrointestinal tract. That is, the microbiome regulates not only the processes that are associated with the basic functions of the gastrointestinal tract, but is associated with the content of vitamins and micronutrients, affects the development of the nervous and endocrine systems of newborns. Fortunately, microbiome and immunity of pregnant get ready the infant for his inevitable complications. Although preterm birth has been connected with bacterial colonization of the amniotic cavity for many years, the dogma of a sterile intrauterine environment during a normal pregnancy has appeared only recently. Numerous placental microbiome and the occurrence of microorganisms in the amniotic cavity in normal pregnancy was demonstrated by metagenomic sequencing. The occurrence of microorganisms in intestine got from the operating room during resection of intestinal abnormalities immediately after birth and before feeding was also found in neonates born by caesarean section. In this literature review, we explore the update understanding of microbial colonization of the intestine and foundation of function of the gastrointestinal tract. We discuss how mother’s genital and extragenital pathologies, her diet, lifestyle, taking drugs during pregnancy form the microbiome of the fetus and its further development in the neonatal period. Also, equally important for the establishment of the neonatal microbiome are gestational age, mode of delivery, type of feeding and medication, including antibiotics. Therefore, in our opinion, the comparison of microbiota of a full-term newborn in vaginal birth and an infant born prematurely or by cesarean section is clinically significant for physicians in various fields. The study of changes in the microbial composition of the intestine is an important step in the diagnosis of pathological conditions in this period.
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Jia, Yuxi, Cong Zhu, Jingcheng Du, et al. "Investigating safety profiles of human papillomavirus vaccine across group differences using VAERS data and MedDRA." PeerJ 7 (August 20, 2019): e7490. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7490.
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Background The safety of vaccines is a critical factor in maintaining public trust in national vaccination programs. This study aimed to evaluate the safety profiles of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines with regard to the distribution of adverse events (AE) across gender and age, and the correlations across various AEs using the Food and Drug Administration/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Methods For analyses, 27,348 patients aged between 9 and 25 years old with at least one AE reported in VAERS between the year of 2006 and 2017 were included. AEs were summarized into two levels: the lower level preferred term (PT) and higher level system organ classes (SOCs) based on the structure of Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). A series of statistical analyses were applied on both levels of AEs. Zero-truncated Poisson regression and multivariate logistic regression models were first developed to assess the rate and risk of SOCs across age groups and genders. Pairwise Pearson correlation analyses and hierarchical clustering analyses were then conducted to explore the interrelationships and clustering pattern among AEs. Results We identified 27,337 unique HPV vaccine reports between 2006 and 2017. Disproportional reporting of AEs was observed across age and gender in 21 SOCs (p < 0.05). The correlation analyses found most SOCs demonstrate weak positive correlations except for five pairs which were negatively correlated: skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders + injury poisoning and procedural complications; skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders + nervous system disorders; Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders + pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions; nervous system disorders + pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions; pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions + general disorders and administration site conditions. Nervous system disorders had the most AEs which contributed to 12,448 (46%) cases. In the further analyses of correlations between PT in nervous system disorders, the three most strongly correlated AEs were psychiatric disorders (r = 0.35), gastrointestinal disorders (r = 0.215), and musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (r = 0.261). We observed an inter-SOCs correlation of the PTs among AE pairs by nervous system disorders/psychiatric disorders/gastrointestinal disorders/musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders. Conclusions The analyses revealed a different distribution pattern of AEs across gender and age subgroups in 21 SOC level AEs. Correlation analyses and hierarchical clustering analyses further revealed several correlated patterns across various AEs. However, findings from this study should be interpreted with caution. Further clinical studies are needed to understand the heterogeneity of AEs reporting across subgroups and the biological pathways among the statistically correlated AEs.
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Icely, S., A. H. Stewart, P. J. Blanchard, and A. M. Mackenzie. "Effect of ascorbic acid supplementation of sows and piglets on health and performance of piglets." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200010085.
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Pigs are able to synthesise their own ascorbic acid (AA), however a number of studies have shown benefits of supplementation. It is thought that additional ascorbic acid may be required in pig diets during periods of stress, infection or due to the increased demands for growth. The neonatal pig has an immature immune system and is also under physiological stress due to the rapid development of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this trial was to investigate effects of AA supplementation of sows in late pregnancy and lactation and oral drenching of piglets from birth to weaning on piglet performance and health during the suckling period.
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Park, Hee Jin, Hee Young Cho, and Dong Hyun Cha. "The Amniotic Fluid Cell-Free Transcriptome Provides Novel Information about Fetal Development and Placental Cellular Dynamics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (2021): 2612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052612.
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The amniotic fluid (AF) is a complex biofluid that reflects fetal well-being during development. AF con be divided into two fractions, the supernatant and amniocytes. The supernatant contains cell-free components, including placenta-derived microparticles, protein, cell-free fetal DNA, and cell-free fetal RNA from the fetus. Cell-free mRNA (cfRNA) analysis holds a special position among high-throughput analyses, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, owing to its ease of profiling. The AF cell-free transcriptome differs from the amniocyte transcriptome and alters with the progression of pregnancy and is often associated with the development of various organ systems including the fetal lung, skin, brain, pancreas, adrenal gland, gastrointestinal system, etc. The AF cell-free transcriptome is affected not only by normal physiologies, such as fetal sex, gestational age, and fetal maturity, but also by pathologic mechanisms such as maternal obesity, and genetic syndromes (Down, Edward, Turner, etc.), as well as pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, etc.). cfRNA in the amniotic fluid originates from the placenta and fetal organs directly contacting the amniotic fluid as well as from the fetal plasma across the placenta. The AF transcriptome may reflect the fetal and placental development and therefore aid in the monitoring of normal and abnormal development.
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Tuppin, Philippe, Sébastien Rivière, David Deutsch, Christelle Gastaldi-Menager, and Jean-Marc Sabaté. "Burden of drug use for gastrointestinal symptoms and functional gastrointestinal disorders in France: a national study using reimbursement data for 57 million inhabitants." Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 12 (January 2019): 175628481985379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756284819853790.
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Background: Gastrointestinal therapeutic drugs (GTDs) are extensively prescribed. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of GTD use in a large population: the French general health scheme beneficiaries (87% of the 66 million inhabitants) in 2016. Methods: The national health data system was used to identify individual characteristics, diseases and GTD classes reimbursed, together with the costs, using anatomical therapeutic chemical class. Results: Among the 57.5 million individuals included, 45% received at least one reimbursement among the 130 million prescriptions reimbursed (90% prescribed by a general practitioner): proton-pump inhibitors (PPI; A02BC: 24%), drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders (A03: 20%), drugs for constipation (A06: 10%), antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory/anti-infective agents (A07: 10%), antiemetics and antinauseants (A04: 7%), other drugs for acid-related disorders (A02X: 6%), other drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (A02BX: 4.5%), antacids (A02A: 1.5%). The overall cost of reimbursed GTDs was €707 million and the mean cost per user was €28. Marked variations were observed according to age, sex, and disease. The rates of at least one reimbursement among infants were A07: 28%, A03: 17%, A02BX: 9%, A02X: 7%, A02BC: 6% and A06: 5%. Women more frequently received a reimbursement than men for each GTD class. Reimbursement rates also varied according to health status (end-stage renal disease A02BC: 66%, pregnancy A03: 53%, A04: 11%), treatments (people with at least six reimbursements for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 2016 A02BC: 62%). Chronic GTD use (>10 reimbursements/year) was observed in 19% of people with at least one A02BC reimbursement, A02BX: 11%, A03: 7%, A04: 2%, A06: 17% and A07: 3%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates extensive and chronic use of GTD in France, raising the question of their relevance according to current guidelines. They must be disseminated to general practitioners, who are the main prescribers of these drugs.
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AUSTIN, MARIE-PAULE. "To treat or not to treat: maternal depression, SSRI use in pregnancy and adverse neonatal effects." Psychological Medicine 36, no. 12 (2006): 1663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170600835x.
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Recent pharmaceutical company and regulatory body circulars warning against the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in late pregnancy have left clinicians in somewhat of a quandary as to how to manage their more severely depressed patients in pregnancy. Conversely, up to 75% of depressed women ceasing their antidepressants periconceptually will relapse. Studies reporting on adverse neonatal outcomes following exposure to SSRIs in the latter half of pregnancy suggest that the fetus is exposed to significant concentrations of these medications during this time. Adverse neonatal effects affecting the respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological systems are, however, predominantly mild and self-limiting. One small retrospective case study suggests that SSRI exposure in the latter half of pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN), however, the absolute risk of developing PPHN remains very small and these findings will require replication with a prospective study. While the studies to date suggest the need to closely monitor SSRI-exposed neonates in the immediate postnatal period, preferably with a neonatal withdrawal scale and access to neonatology services, there is currently no clear argument for women to be weaned off their SSRI in late pregnancy. The decision to use SSRIs at this time will have to be made on a case-by-case basis in close consultation with the mother and her partner.
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Webber, Steven A., Glenn P. Taylor, Kim Colwell, George G. S. Sandor, and Michael W. H. Patterson. "Extracardiac malformations in asplenia syndrome." Cardiology in the Young 2, no. 2 (1992): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100000755.
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SummaryThe incidence and spectrum of extracardiac malformations in congenital asplenia syndrome were determined by review of43 cases (40 live-births) identified in the province of British Columbia over a 21 year period. Major extracardiac anomalies (excluding those of abnormal arrangement of the organs) were identified in nine cases (21%), and minor anomalies were present in an additional twelve infants (28%). Extracardiac anomalies were associated with one spontaneous stillbirth, one termination of pregnancy, and two early neonatal deaths. In an additional four newborns, they contributed to a decision not to palliate the complex cardiac anomalies. Gastrointestinal malformations led to neonatal intestinal obstruction in four infants. Of the 14 surviving children, one is severely handicapped due to a congenital anomaly of the central nervous system. The clinical significance of extracardiac malformations and their developmental implications are discussed.
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Sood, Nishi, and Manish Thakur. "Determination of frequency of specified structural congenital anomalies and the pattern of determinants affecting congenital malformations in prenatally diagnosed fetal anomaly cases before 20 weeks." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 12 (2017): 5572. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175284.
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Background: Congenital anomalies accounts for 8-15% of perinatal deaths and 13-16% of neonatal deaths in India. The aim of this study was to determine frequency of specified structural congenital anomalies and the pattern of determinants affecting congenital malformations in prenatally diagnosed fetal anomaly cases before 20 weeksMethods: The present study was conducted at Kamla Nehru State Hospital for Mother and Child, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla. During the study period, all pregnant women with prenatally diagnosed fetal anomaly before 20 weeks, reporting to the Department of OBG, were enrolled for this non-interventional prospective observational study. The observations were analysed on a statistical basis in structured data collection form.Results: Congenital malformations were significantly more common in the age groups of 20-30 years, of low socioeconomic status, vegetarians and who were non-compliant regarding folic acid intake. The majority of women bearing malformed foetuses came from areas at altitude of 500-2000 meters. 33.33% of foetuses had amniotic fluid abnormalities. 83.33% of the foetuses had a single malformation. Central nervous system was the most common system involved (61.90%) out of which neural tube defects (76.91%) were commonest. 11.9% malformations were of the gastrointestinal tract out of which majority (60%) were omphalocele. 4.76% of the total malformations were of the musculoskeletal system. 4.76% malformations involved the genito-urinary tract and 2.38% of the total malformations were of the cardiovascular system and craniofascial anomalies.Conclusions: Early detection of major malformation during pregnancy helps in reducing the high morbidity and mortality of neonates due to congenital malformations because of termination of pregnancy. The commonest system found to be affected was central nervous system followed by gastro-intestinal system. Food fortification with folates and vitamin B12 is the need of the hour.
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Trombetta, Andrea, Manola Comar, Alberto Tommasini, et al. "SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Inflammatory Response in a Twin Pregnancy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (2021): 3075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063075.
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There is growing literature about the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenetic effects exerted during pregnancy and whether vertical transmission or premature birth is possible. It is not well known whether changes in the immune system of pregnant women may lead to a marked susceptibility to infectious processes and the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal complications such as preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, hospitalization in an intensive care unit, transmission to the fetus or newborns, and fetal mortality are poorly understood. Along with this ongoing debate, it is not well defined whether, during pregnancy, the role of host susceptibility in producing a specific inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 may represent distinctive markers of risk of vertical transmission. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 impact on the vaginal microbiome has not yet been described, despite mounting evidence on its possible effect on the gastrointestinal microbiome and its influence on infectious diseases and preterm labor. This report describes the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on a twin pregnancy diagnosed with infection at the third trimester of gestation including tissue infections, inflammatory response, antibody production, cytokine concentration, and vaginal microbiome composition. We identified a pattern of cytokines including IL1-Ra, IL-9 G-CSF, IL-12, and IL-8 differently expressed, already associated with previously infected patients. We detected a similar concentration of almost all the cytokines tested in both twins, suggesting that the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm is not substantially impaired during the placental passage. The analysis of the vaginal microbiome did not show relevant signs of dysbiosis, similar to other healthy pregnant women and twin healthy pregnancies. The aim of this report was to analyze the immunological response against SARS-CoV-2 infection and virus tissue tropism in a twin pregnancy.
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Nunez, Natalia, Louis Réot, and Elisabeth Menu. "Neonatal Immune System Ontogeny: The Role of Maternal Microbiota and Associated Factors. How Might the Non-Human Primate Model Enlighten the Path?" Vaccines 9, no. 6 (2021): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060584.
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Interactions between the immune system and the microbiome play a crucial role on the human health. These interactions start in the prenatal period and are critical for the maturation of the immune system in newborns and infants. Several factors influence the composition of the infant’s microbiota and subsequently the development of the immune system. They include maternal infection, antibiotic treatment, environmental exposure, mode of delivery, breastfeeding, and food introduction. In this review, we focus on the ontogeny of the immune system and its association to microbial colonization from conception to food diversification. In this context, we give an overview of the mother–fetus interactions during pregnancy, the impact of the time of birth and the mode of delivery, the neonate gastrointestinal colonization and the role of breastfeeding, weaning, and food diversification. We further review the impact of the vaccination on the infant’s microbiota and the reciprocal case. Finally, we discuss several potential therapeutic interventions that might help to improve the newborn and infant’s health and their responses to vaccination. Throughout the review, we underline the main scientific questions that are left to be answered and how the non-human primate model could help enlighten the path.
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Michalska, Magdalena, Kevin Wen, and Robert P. Pauly. "Acute Kidney Injury in Pregnant Patient With Pancreas-Kidney Transplant Caused by Abdominal Compartment Syndrome: A Case Presentation, Review of Literature, and Proposal of Diagnostic Approach." Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease 6 (January 2019): 205435811986194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054358119861942.
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Rationale: With increasing number of complex medical patients with renal transplant who get pregnant, clinicians need to be aware of abdominal compartment syndrome which may masquerade as acute renal allograft injury in pregnancy. Presenting concerns of the patient: A 34-year-old nulliparous Caucasian female with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to type 1 diabetes mellitus who received a simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (SPK) in 2006 and then after rejection of renal allograft another, kidney-only allograft from a donation after circulatory death became pregnant in May 2013 with dichorionic, diamniotic twins without reproductive technology, and during pregnancy, she developed two episodes of acute injury to the renal allograft. Diagnoses: End-stage renal disease secondary to type I diabetes, acute renal allograft injury, tacrolimus toxicity, abdominal pain. Interventions (including prevention and lifestyle): She received intravenous hydration, medications contributing to renal failure were held, and pain and nauseas were controlled appropriately. Abdominal compartment syndrome was managed by maintaining intravascular pressure and optimizing regional and systemic vascular perfusion by appropriate fluid balance, evacuating intraluminal contents by decompressing gastrointestinal system, and improving abdominal wall compliance by using appropriate analgesics, sedation, and patient positioning. Outcomes: With advancing pregnancy, the patient developed progressive abdominal pain, nausea, leg edema, and rising creatinine that were not responsive to ongoing therapies and required delivery via Cesarean section at 31 weeks of gestational age. Lessons learned: In the era of increasing number of pregnant renal transplant patients with multiple medical issues, we need organized approach to diagnosis of acute renal allograft injury in pregnancy and we need to consider abdominal compartment syndrome as one of the causes.
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Miller, James E., Joan M. Burke, and Thomas H. Terrill. "BioWorma as an Aid for Controlling Ruminant Nematode Parasites." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_2 (2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab096.065.
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Abstract Nematode-trapping fungi are biological control agents used against the larval stages of gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock feces. These fungi are normal soil inhabitants where they feed on a variety of non-parasitic soil nematodes. Of the various fungi tested, Duddingtonia flagrans spores (BioWorma, International Animal Health Products, Australia) have been shown to survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. After defecation, the spores germinate and grow in the feces to form sticky, sophisticated traps/loops which are able to trap the developing larval stages in the fecal environment. This form of control has been successfully applied under field conditions and is an environmentally safe biological approach for forage-based feeding systems. BioWorma has recently been approved for use in the United States. The primary delivery system is mixing BioWorma into supplement feedstuffs daily where each animal has the opportunity to consume an adequate amount of the mixture. To achieve optimum control of larvae during the transmission season (May–October), BioWorma needs to be fed for a period of no shorter than 60 days, starting at the beginning of the grazing season (especially young after weaning). Feeding BioWorma to dams during late pregnancy and lactation will also help to reduce pasture contamination, especially for growing young that will graze the same pasture. Another delivery system is mixing BioWorma into loose mineral supplement where animals will consume it free choice. The mineral needs to be kept covered and dry. The spores cannot be incorporated into pellets as the heat of the pelleting process will kill the spores. One drawback in using BioWorma is the relatively high cost. Research is being conducted to evaluate other delivery schemes that could be more cost effective. This product is the only control method that targets nematodes on pasture, where a majority of the total population reside.
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Franklin Dos Santos, Thais, Andrea Rabassa, Oscar Aljure, and Reine Zbeidy. "Perioperative Management and Preemptive ECMO Cannulation of a Parturient with Cystic Fibrosis Undergoing Cesarean Delivery." Case Reports in Anesthesiology 2020 (December 4, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8814729.
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Physiologic changes of pregnancy and cystic fibrosis pathology provide a unique set of circumstances. Pulmonary disease accounts for over 90% of the morbidity and mortality of patients with cystic fibrosis. These abnormalities create anesthetic challenges due to multiple organ systems being affected including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and genitourinary tracts, where patients present with chronic respiratory failure, pancreatic insufficiency, poor nutrition, and cardiac manifestations. We present the perianesthetic management of a parturient with cystic fibrosis who successfully underwent preterm cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia with preemptive bilateral femoral venous sheaths placed for potential extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) initiation.
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Urwin, Heidi J., Elizabeth A. Miles, Paul S. Noakes, et al. "Effect of salmon consumption during pregnancy on maternal and infant faecal microbiota, secretory IgA and calprotectin." British Journal of Nutrition 111, no. 5 (2013): 773–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513003097.
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The gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of the immune and gastrointestinal systems of infants. In the present study, we investigated whether increased salmon consumption during pregnancy, maternal weight gain during pregnancy or mode of infant feeding alter the markers of gut immune defence and inflammation. Women (n123) who rarely ate oily fish were randomly assigned to continue consuming their habitual diet or to consume two 150 g portions of farmed salmon per week from 20 weeks of pregnancy to delivery. Faecal samples were collected from the mothers (n75) at 38 weeks of gestation and from their infants (n38) on days 7, 14, 28 and 84 post-partum. Fluorescencein situhybridisation was used to determine faecal microbiota composition and ELISA to measure faecal secretory IgA (sIgA) and calprotectin concentrations. There was no effect of salmon consumption on maternal faecal microbiota or on maternal or infant faecal sIgA and calprotectin concentrations. The degree of weight gain influenced maternal faecal microbiota, and the mode of infant feeding influenced infant faecal microbiota. Faecal samples collected from infants in the salmon group tended to have lower bacterial counts of theAtopobiumcluster compared with those collected from infants in the control group (P= 0·097). This difference was significant in the formula-fed infants (P< 0·05), but not in the exclusively breast-fed infants. In conclusion, the impact of oily fish consumption during pregnancy on maternal and infant gut microbiota composition is limited, but significant differences are associated with maternal weight gain during pregnancy and mode of infant feeding.
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Mezo-Menéndez, M., P. Díez-Baños, P. Morrondo-Pelayo, and N. Díez-Baños. "Faecal egg output, contamination of pastures and serum pepsinogen concentrations in heifers with natural gastrointestinal nematode infections in north-west Spain." Journal of Helminthology 69, no. 1 (1995): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00013833.
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AbstractIn 1988, 1989 and 1990 second year grazing heifers, naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes, were separated into two groups, one of which was treated orally with albendazole. In 1988 and 1989 treatment was administered immediately after parturition (February), and in 1990 during the last term of pregnancy (December). Both treated and control animals were grazed on separate plots in a rotational system. Maximum faecal egg counts were observed amund parturition, except in 1990, when treatment was given at the end of gestation. The main genera identified were Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia and Oesophagostomum. The number of Ostertagia larvae in the treated groups increased from 1989 to 1990, while the others decreased. Pasture contamination with third stage larvae (L3) was lower on the piots grazed by treated heifers. Maximum numbers of L3 were found in autumn, at the end of winter, and at the beginning of spring. Mean serum pepsinogen concentrations were significantly higher in the untreated groups. This concurs with the pattern for L3 on pasture. The trial shows that if a single treatment against gastrointestinal nematodes is carried out, and the animals remain on contaminated pastures, the parasitic load tends to level out after 4–5 months under favourable climatic conditions. However, the percentages of nematode genera occurring in the new populations may differ from those in the original infection.
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Nagasaka, T., S. Nomura, M. Okamura, et al. "Immunohistochemical localization of placental leucine aminopeptidase/oxytocinase in normal human placental, fetal and adult tissues." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 9, no. 8 (1997): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/r97055.
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While oxytocinase is known to exist in pregnancy serum and placenta, the present study describes the expression of the mRNA for this enzyme in a wide variety of other human tissues. Northern blot analysis was used to detect the mRNA, with a probe derived from a cDNA for oxytocinase/placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP). Both the distribution and localization of immunoreactive oxytocinase/P-LAP protein have been determined immunohistochemically by use of an anti-P-LAP antibody in normal placental, fetal and adult tissues. In placental tissues, only syncytiotrophoblasts were stained positively. In both fetal and adult tissues, positive staining was obtained in vascular endothelial cells, gastrointestinal mucosal cells, epithelial cells of hepato-biliary, pancreato-biliary, bronchial-alveolar and renal tubular systems as well as islet cells of pancreas and neurons in the central nervous systems. Sweat-gland cells, seminal vesicles and prostate gland in the adult, as well as adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells in the fetus were also stained. The widespread distribution of P-LAP suggests its involvement in a variety of physiological events not restricted to the regulation of the amounts of bioactive peptides such as arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) in pregnancy. The presence of P-LAP in syncytiotrophoblasts supports the idea that P-LAP in pregnancy serum is derived from the placenta.
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Bojar, Wiktor, Tomasz M. Gruszecki, Andrzej Junkuszew, et al. "Influence of dietary supplementation with a formulation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare and Citrus spp. as a means of prevention against invasions of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 73, no. 11 (2017): 694–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5806.
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The aim of the study was to determine the efficiency of a formulation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare (Lamiacea) and Citrus spp. (Citraceae) in limiting the prevalence and intensity of parasitic invasions in ewes kept in an indoor management system. The study material was a group of 222 mother ewes of Polish Lowland breed. During the entire experiment, the animals were kept in an indoor management system with uniform environmental conditions. On the basis of the parasitologic analysis, the flock was divided into three groups. All groups were uniform from the perspective of genetic traits, age and environmental conditions. The differentiating factor was the addition of a preparation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare and Citrus spp. in the dose of 4 kg/ton of feed. Group 1 – control group, non-supplemented diet (74 mother ewes); Group 2 – supplemented diet from third month of pregnancy to lambing (73 mother ewes); Group 3 – supplemented diet from third month of pregnancy to weaning (75 mother ewes). The experiment involved parasitologic tests aimed at the determination of prevalence and intensity of invasions of gastrointestinal parasites in mother ewes. The study material was faeces collected from the rectum of mother ewes before the start of the experiment and on day 2, 28, 42, 56 and 70 after lambing. On the basis of the observations, it was shown that continuous use of the preparation during the whole experimental period had a beneficial impact on reducing the prevalence of invasions of Eimeria spp. and Capillaria. However, it must be stressed that both the prevalence and the intensity of parasitic invasions in the studied flock was relatively low, and so the use of such a preventive method was feasible.
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Martin, R., A. Nauta, K. Ben Amor, L. Knippels, J. Knol, and J. Garssen. "Early life: gut microbiota and immune development in infancy." Beneficial Microbes 1, no. 4 (2010): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2010.0027.
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The immune system of infants is actively downregulated during pregnancy and therefore the first months of life represent a period of heightened susceptibility to infection. After birth, there is an age-dependent maturation of the immune system. Exposure to environmental microbial components is suggested to play an important role in the maturation process. The gastrointestinal tract is the major site of interaction between the host immune system and microorganisms, both commensal as well as potentially pathogenic. It is well established that the mammalian immune system is designed to help protect the host from invading microorganisms and other danger signals. However, recent research is emerging in the field of host-microbe interactions showing that commensal microorganisms (microbiota) are most likely one of the drivers of immune development and, in turn the immune system shapes the composition of the microbiota. Specific early microbial exposure of the gut is thought to dramatically reduce the incidence of inflammatory, autoimmune and atopic diseases further fuelling the scientific view that microbial colonisation plays an important role in regulating and fine-tuning the immune system throughout life. Therefore, the use of pre-, pro- and synbiotics may result in a beneficial microbiota composition that might have a pivotal role on the prevention of several important diseases that develop in early life such as necrotizing enterocolitis and atopic eczema.
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Khanal, Gopal Prasad, Prakash Sharma, Prakash Kayastha, and Anju Poudel. "Prevalence and Spectrum of Fetal Congenital Anomalies: A Hospital Based Study from Mid-Western Part of Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Radiology 9, no. 2 (2019): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v9i2.27413.
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Introduction: To estimate the prevalence and pattern of congenital anomalies through obstetric ultrasound on pregnant women visiting Rapti sub-regional hospital, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal.
 Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 10,380 pregnant women visiting Radiology department of Rapti sub-regional hospital from January 2016 to July 2017. The findings of transabdominal ultrasonography (USG) performed by Radiologist and information regarding women’sage and gestational age were recorded. The images of any significant cases were also saved. Data wereanalyzed based on study objectives using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, rangeand standard deviation. The classification of the malformation was done based on the anatomical system.
 Results: Out of 10,380 ultrasound performed during the study period, 106 (1.02%) pregnant women presented with different congenital anomalies. The antenatal prevalence of congenital anomalies was 10.21 per 1000 pregnant women. The mean maternal age was 25.9 ± 4.80 years. Regarding gestation age, 87 (82.1%) anomalies were detected at second trimester of pregnancy. Most commonly involved body system was central nervous system 51 (48.1%), followed by cardiovascular system 12 (11.3%), musculoskeletal system 10 (9.4%), gastrointestinal system 5 (4.7%), respiratory system 5 (4.7%), genitourinary system 4 (3.8%). Other anomalies were cystic hygroma 9 (8.4%), hydrops fetalis 4 (3.8%), cleft lip 3 (2.8%), pelvic cystic lesion 2 (1.8%) and conjoined twins 1 (0.9%).
 Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital anomalies is high in mid-western part of Nepal. Central nervous system anomalies were more common than other anomalies.
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Korday, Charusheela, Baraturam Bhaisara, Rupali Jadhav, Suraj Rathi, Ubaidulla Shaikh, and Avinash Rao. "Sirenomelia, the Mermaid syndrome: a case report." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 6 (2019): 2692. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20194756.
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Sirenomelia, also known as mermaid syndrome, is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a single lower extremity which is associated with abnormalities in other organ systems, commonly affecting the gastrointestinal and the urogenital systems. It is sporadic with no increased risk in subsequent pregnancies. In almost all the cases of sirenomelia, a single umbilical artery (SUA) is present which arises from the abdominal aorta. The exact etiology of sirenomelia is unknown. Sirenomelia can be confidently diagnosed in the 1st trimester while the diagnosis in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters is difficult due to the lack of amniotic fluid in the later gestation. Antenatal diagnosis of this universally lethal condition is desirable so that possible termination of pregnancy can be offered at the earliest.
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Mikhaleva, L. M., A. G. Konoplyannikov, Y. Y. Kudryavtseva, et al. "Extragenital noninfectious pathology in the maternal mortality structure in Moscow." CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MORPHOLOGY 10, no. 2 (2021): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31088/cem2021.10.2.21-31.
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Introduction. Diseases directly related to pregnancy are still leading the maternеal mortality structure, al-though in many countries there is an increase in the number of deaths from extragenital pathology among pregnant women. A significant number of lethal cases in this group are associated with environmental factors, lifestyle, and the overall increase in somatic diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the main causes of maternal mortality and investigate the role of extragenital pathology based on autopsy data. Materials and methods. The study included 29 autopsy observations. We studied medical records, autopsy protocols of deceased pregnant women, women in labor, and puerperant women. Each cause of death was classified according to ICD-10. A clinical and morphological study was also carried out using additional histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods. Results. The data from pathological studies show that in Moscow, extragenital pathology accounts for up to 40% of maternal deaths. The leading cause of death is circulatory system diseases, including an arteriovenous malformation; a myocardial infarction; a congenital heart disease (patent foramen ovale); cerebral, aortic, and splenic artery aneurysms. The second most common one is other specified diseases and conditions com-plicating pregnancy. This group of diseases included malignant neoplasms. Less common causes of death are gastrointestinal diseases, other diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism that complicate pregnancy, and also respiratory diseases. A single case is associated with a generalized viral infection. Conclusion. Extragenital pathology remains an important obstetric problem, and the management of pregnant women with systemic diseases requires a multidisciplinary treatment approach. Keywords: maternal mortality, extragenital pathology, arteriovenous malformation, cerebral aneurysm, antiphospholipid syndrome
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Heneghan, Carl, Jeffrey K. Aronson, Elizabeth Spencer, et al. "Oral hormone pregnancy tests and the risks of congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis." F1000Research 7 (October 31, 2018): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16758.1.
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Background: Oral hormone pregnancy tests (HPTs), such as Primodos, containing ethinylestradiol and high doses of norethisterone, were given to over a million women from 1958 to 1978, when Primodos was withdrawn from the market because of concerns about possible teratogenicity. We aimed to study the association between maternal exposure to oral HPTs and congenital malformations. Methods: We have performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies that included data from pregnant women and were exposed to oral HPTs within the estimated first three months of pregnancy, if compared with a relevant control group. We used random-effects meta-analysis and assessed the quality of each study using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for non-randomized studies. Results: We found 16 case control studies and 10 prospective cohort studies, together including 71 330 women, of whom 4209 were exposed to HPTs. Exposure to oral HPTs was associated with a 40% increased risk of all congenital malformations: pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.40 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.66; P<0.0001; I2 = 0%). Exposure to HPTs was associated with an increased risk of congenital heart malformations: pooled OR = 1.89 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.72; P = 0.0006; I2=0%); nervous system malformations OR = 2.98 (95% CI 1.32 to 6.76; P = 0.0109 I2 = 78%); gastrointestinal malformations, OR = 4.50 (95% CI 0.63 to 32.20; P = 0.13; I2 = 54%); musculoskeletal malformations, OR = 2.24 (95% CI 1.23 to 4.08; P= 0.009; I2 = 0%); the VACTERL syndrome (Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiovascular anomalies, Tracheoesophageal fistula, Esophageal atresia, Renal anomalies, and Limb defects), OR = 7.47 (95% CI 2.92 to 19.07; P < 0.0001; I2 = 0%). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis shows that use of oral HPTs in pregnancy is associated with increased risks of congenital malformations.
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Heneghan, Carl, Jeffrey K. Aronson, Elizabeth Spencer, et al. "Oral hormone pregnancy tests and the risks of congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis." F1000Research 7 (January 29, 2019): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16758.2.
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Background: Oral hormone pregnancy tests (HPTs), such as Primodos, containing ethinylestradiol and high doses of norethisterone, were given to over a million women from 1958 to 1978, when Primodos was withdrawn from the market because of concerns about possible teratogenicity. We aimed to study the association between maternal exposure to oral HPTs and congenital malformations. Methods: We have performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies that included data from pregnant women and were exposed to oral HPTs within the estimated first three months of pregnancy, if compared with a relevant control group. We used random-effects meta-analysis and assessed the quality of each study using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for non-randomized studies. Results: We found 16 case control studies and 10 prospective cohort studies, together including 71 330 women, of whom 4,209 were exposed to HPTs. Exposure to oral HPTs was associated with a 40% increased risk of all congenital malformations: pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.40 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.66; P<0.0001; I2 = 0%). Exposure to HPTs was associated with an increased risk of congenital heart malformations: pooled OR = 1.89 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.72; P = 0.0006; I2=0%); nervous system malformations OR = 2.98 (95% CI 1.32 to 6.76; P = 0.0109 I2 = 78%); gastrointestinal malformations, OR = 4.50 (95% CI 0.63 to 32.20; P = 0.13; I2 = 54%); musculoskeletal malformations, OR = 2.24 (95% CI 1.23 to 4.08; P= 0.009; I2 = 0%); the VACTERL syndrome (Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiovascular anomalies, Tracheoesophageal fistula, Esophageal atresia, Renal anomalies, and Limb defects), OR = 7.47 (95% CI 2.92 to 19.07; P < 0.0001; I2 = 0%). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis shows that use of oral HPTs in pregnancy is associated with increased risks of congenital malformations.
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Putra, I. Gede Mega, Riza Firman Satria, I. Wayan Megadhana, Kadek Fajar Marta, and Ketut Surya Negara. "Case Report of a Successful Delivery in a 29-Year-Old Female with History of Purandare Hysteropexy Surgery." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, no. C (2020): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.3453.
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BACKGROUND: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) generally does not contribute to mortality but can worsen the quality of life, because it can cause abnormal bladder, gastrointestinal system, and sexual function disorders which indirectly cause psychosocial stress and emotional disorders such as depression, isolation, and anxiety. The main purpose of surgical action in young women with POP is to reduce complaints such as fecal and urinary incontinence and also sexual disorders, restore normal anatomy structures, prevent recurrence POP, and maintain the ability of pregnancy, labor, and normal menstrual function. Purandare hysteropexy surgery is one of the conservative surgical procedures for POP in productive women with few operative complication, shorter operating time, and minimal bleeding. At present, there is no literature of pregnant women with the mode of delivery that is effective in patients with history of purandare hysteropexy surgery. This case aims to report delivery in patient with a history of purandare hysteropexy surgery. Pregnancy can be maintained up to gestational term age, healthy baby, and no adhesion during surgery.
 CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old woman in full-term gestational age of her second pregnancy with a history of purandare hysteropexy surgery 1 year ago. During antenatal care patient, an evaluation of fascia sheath with ultrasonography was performed. The method of delivery was through cesarean section. During surgery, there was no intra-abdominal adhesion, the fascia sheath is well-maintained, and lower segment of uterine is covered by anterior fascia sheath. The operation outcome was a healthy baby boy, weighted 2900 g, body length 49 cm with good Apgar score.
 CONCLUSION: Purandare hysteropexy surgery is one of the conservative surgical management for conservative treatment of uterovaginal prolapse in women of reproductive age group who wish to retain their capacity for childbearing. Pregnancy up to term gestational age, during cesarean section, surgery seen no intra-abdominal adhesion, all sides of fascia sheath are well-maintained and the outcome was a baby with healthy condition.
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Rajgire, Aditi Anil, Kiran Rajendra Borkar, and Amruta Madan Gadge. "A clinical study of fetomaternal outcome in pregnancy with polyhydramnios." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 1 (2016): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20164648.
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Background: Amniotic fluid not only provides protection to the fetus from traumatic forces, cord compression, and microbial pathogens, but also plays an integral role in the normal development of the fetal musculoskeletal, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems. Polyhydramnios, defined as an excessive amount of amniotic fluid, complicates approximately 0.4-3.3% of all pregnancies. Fetal conditions that are associated with polyhydramnios include major congenital anomalies and both the immunologic and non-immunologic forms of hydrops foetalis. Maternal medical conditions are also known to be associated with polyhydramnios and subsequently alter perinatal outcome. So by diagnosing these cases as early as possible, these maternal complications can be prevented and advise proper prenatal counseling in relevant cases.Methods: This study was conducted in obstetrics and gynaecology department at a tertiary care hospital, over the period of from September 2015 to September 2016. Prospective observational study.Results: Polyhydramnios is commoner in primigravida. Causative factor are mainly idiopathic after which the most important is fetal defects. Diabetes is also associated finding with polyhydramnios in 8.3% cases. The occurrence of fetal congenital abnormality was directly proportional to the gestational age of pregnancy. Incidence of congenital abnormality was found to be 1.25 %. Congenital heart disease and cleft lip and cleft palate (3%) were the commonest congenital abnormality associated with polyhydramnios followed by anencephaly and spina bifida (3.3%).Conclusions: In our study Idiopathic polyhydramnios was found to be the most common cause of polyhydramnios. A careful study must be done for detection of etiological factors in all cases of polyhydramnios, careful screening, prenatal and antenatal counseling will help to improve the foetal outcome as well as to prevent the maternal complication.
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Gliozheni, Orion, Selami Sylejmani, and Kreston Kati. "Ultrasound and Diagnosis of Fetal Anomalies." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 5, no. 3 (2011): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1196.
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ABSTRACT Background Congenital abnormalities account 20 to 25% of perinatal deaths. Now, many genetic and other disorders can be diagnosed early in pregnancy. Screening examinations during pregnancy are an essential part of prenatal care. Among the various screening tests that are now offered to pregnant women, ultrasound (US) has the broadest diagnostic spectrum. There is no modality that can detect as many abnormalities during pregnancy as US. A priority goal in screening is the early detection of major fetal anomalies, which are defined as malformations that affect fetal viability and/or quality of life. During the past 10 years, some multicentric studies in Europe and USA show the successfulness of US diagnostics in detecting congenital abnormalities, even in women with low-risk pregnancy. The term sonoembryology designates the description of the embryonic anatomy, the normal anatomic relations and the development of abnormalities as visualized by ultrasound. To confirm the presence of normal anatomy or to make the diagnosis of an anomaly, we need knowledge of the normal embryonic development, including the appearance of the normal embryo. Definition of fetal anomalies Any deviation from the normal range during morphogenesis, constitutes an anomaly. Major anomalies are malformations that affect viability and/or the quality of life and require intervention, and minor anomalies are malformations that are definitely present, but are minimal and usually have no functional significance (e.g. ear tags). Incidence data on major congenital anomalies vary considerably, depending on the type of detecting system used. The passive detection system reports 2 to 3% of newborns, meanwhile the active detection system, in which newborns are systematically examined by trained obstetricians, reports the incidence of congenital defects in 7.3% of all newborns. Etiology About 20% of anomalies in live-born infants are based on a defective gene, 10% are due to chromosomal abnormalities and 10% are mainly due to exogenous injury to the conceptus. Some 60% of all congenital anomalies are indeterminate or multifactorial causes (hereditary factors and environmental influences). US can detect about 74% of major birth defects and possibly a higher number, when conducted by a well-trained specialist. We have demonstrated in this paper some fetal anomalies found by US during our practice in Tirana and Prizren. There are some anomalies of the CNS, neural tube defects, anomalies of the head, neck and spine, thoracic and cardiac anomalies, gastrointestinal and urinary tract anomalies as well as some extremities anomalies. Conclusion US diagnostic is a very useful method for evaluating the fetal health, fetal anomalies, anomalies of placenta and amniotic fluid as well as umbilical cord.
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Chandra, P. Satish, and M. Surya Prasadarao. "Spectrum of multi-organ system involvement in perinatal asphyxia in neonatal intensive care unit department of Pediatrics, King George hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 3 (2019): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192043.
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Background: The objective of the current study to find out the maternal risk factors associated and spectrum of involvement of multiorgan dysfunction in perinatal asphyxia.Methods: This is a prospective study comprises of 102 asphyxiated neonates. At the time of admission blood samples were taken for complete blood picture, random blood sugar, serum electrolytes, septic screen & blood culture. For the assessment of the central nervous system a neurosonogram would be carried out in all asphyxiated new-borns. Computed tomography scan was done who had abnormal neurosonogram. Chest x ray was done for all respiratory cases. Echocardiogram was done for cardiac assessment. Renal system evaluated by serum creatinine and urine output.Results: Of these 102 babies, 59 were males and 43 were females. Major risk factors in the study were meconium stained amniotic fluid cases, eclampsia, pregnancy induced hypertension, premature rupture of membranes and prolonged second stage of labour. central nervous system (CNS) involvement occurred in all 102 (100%) neonates. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy was the most common presentation of CNS involvement. Respiratory involvement was noted in 42 (41.5%). Renal involvement was seen in 27 (26.5%). Cardiovascular system involvement was observed in 26 (25.5%). Gastrointestinal involvement was observed in 16 (15.68%). Hematological abnormalities were seen in 14.7%.Conclusions: Multiorgan dysfunction is common in neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Overall mortality was 24.5%, which clearly indicates the need for early detection of maternal risk factors, better obstetric management and the prompt resuscitator measures.
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KOCH, KL, TM GOODWIN, RJ ROMERO, ME LEVINE, and H. TISON. "6 Effect of a water load test on gastric myoelectrical activity and upper gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy." Neurogastroenterology and Motility 18, no. 6 (2006): 481–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00789_6.x.
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More, Vibha Subhash, Annal Abhay Vaidya, S. V. Parelkar, and Madhva Prasad. "Study of congenital fetal malformations among antenatal women in a tertiary care centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 4 (2018): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20181344.
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Background: Congenital malformations are morphological or functional anomalies that occur in the prenatal period as a result of genetic mutation, chromosomal abnormalities and adverse intrauterine environment. Early recognition is important. If congenital malformations are detected beyond the period of legal limit for medical termination of pregnancy, it carries immense burden on the pregnant woman.Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of patient-records, over a span of 9 consecutive months in the Department of Obstetrics and Paediatric Surgery, at a tertiary care centre, Mumbai. The project was carried out to study demographic profiles, risk factors and system-wise distribution of pregnant women carrying malformed fetus.Results: The average annual incidence rate was 29 per 1000 deliveries. Of 151 patients, renal malformations were the commonest accounted for 40% of all congenital malformations. This was followed by central nervous system 32%, cardiovascular 14%, gastrointestinal 8% and musculoskeletal 3%. Congenital malformations were more common in multigravida than primigravida. 92% of congenital malformations were detected beyond 20 weeks of gestation. Previous abortions, hypothyroidism and raised sugars were associated high risk factors.Conclusions: The diagnosis of congenital malformation using ultrasonography occurs at a later gestational age than 20 weeks. For these patients a combined approach of the obstetrician/neonatologist/paediatric surgeon allows better counselling of parents and to permit preparation of the team to optimize neonatal outcomes.
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Aryasinghe, L., D. Moezzi, TA Ansari, E. Mathew, SA Sharbatti, and RB Shaikh. "Congenital Anomalies at Birth: A Hospital Based Study in UAE." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 32, no. 2 (2012): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i2.5995.
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Introduction: It is widely acknowledged that congenital anomalies heavily contribute to infant morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an estimated 9 million infants (7% of all births) born annually having a serious congenital anomaly that result in death or lifelong disability. The objective of our study was to estimate the frequency of congenital anomalies at the Gulf Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Ajman and to estimate the proportion of births with congenital anomalies per 1,000 live births. Materials and Methods: It was a Hospital-Record based descriptive study of the 1,222 consecutive live births from December 2007 to June 2008. Results: There were 84 cases of congenital anomalies among the 1,222 live births; the rate of anomalous births was 68.7 per 1,000 live births or 6.9%. Anomalies of the genitourinary system (40.5%) were the most common, followed by musculoskeletal (28.6%) and cardiovascular (10.7%). Gastrointestinal, chromosomal and multiple system anomalies accounted for 3.6% each and miscellaneous anomalies were seen in 7.1%. Central Nervous system (2.4%) anomalies were the least. Congenital hydrocele (19.0%) was seen to have the highest frequency amongst all recorded anomalies, followed by Talipes or Clubfoot (14.3%). 9.3% of the male and 4.3% of the female population of live births had a congenital anomaly. Birth Weight (p=0.005) and Gender (p=0.001) were found to have significant association with the frequency of birth defects. Maternal Age, gravidity, parity, previous abortions, VDRL and Hepatitis B status, Gestational Diabetes, Pregnancy Induced Hypertension, gestational age, maternal and infant blood group, nationality and consanguinity showed no statistically significant association with congenital anomalies. Conclusion: The proportion of congenital anomalies found in our study is alarmingly high and emphasizes the need for more accessible nationwide screening, counseling and surveillance systems. J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. 32(2) 2012 105-112 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i2.5995
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Dudko, Paulina, Andrzej Junkuszew, and Krzysztof Tomczuk. "Changes in prevalence and abundance of parasitic invasions in sheep at various physiological stages." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 73, no. 11 (2017): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5802.
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The aim of the study was to determine the degree of parasitic invasion at various physiological stages, as well as tracing the dynamics of parasitic invasions in a flock of sheep kept in the combined indoor-pasture management system. The observations were performed on 224 mother ewes of the synthetic SCP prolific meat line over the course of two years. The animals were kept in the combined indoor-pasture management system with uniform feeding and environmental conditions and were under continuous animal husbandry and veterinary supervision. The ewes participating in the experiment were not wormed in the year preceding the experiment and during the observations. The experiment involved parasitologic tests aimed at the determination of abundance and prevalence of invasions of gastrointestinal parasites in mother ewes. The study material was faeces collected from the rectum in the following stages: pregnancy (November), day 2, 28, 42 and 56 after lambing, drying off (day 100 after lambing) and rest (between dry-off and mating). In the analysis of the results of the study it can be noted that, in most cases, the highest prevalence and abundance levels are observed in the infertility period. Moreover, the period of pregnancy and lambing was a crucial one. On the other hand, the lowest abundance and prevalence levels in the majority of cases were observed on day 28 and 42 after lambing. The results of the study should be taken into consideration during the development of prevention strategies limiting parasitic invasions in sheep flocks. Adjusting chemotherapy to the most important periods of parasitic invasions will enable a more efficient fight against parasites. It should also reduce the excessive use of chemical preparations, which is crucial due to the increasing resistance of parasites. Apart from the aforementioned actions, farmers should pay attention to supporting immunity by means of feed, especially in the periods of highest vulnerability to invasions. Such actions should lead to the reduction of losses caused by parasitic invasions in sheep flocks.
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Mohiuddin, AK. "Alternative Treatments for Minor GI Ailments." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 10, no. 3 (2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v10i3.1659.
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About 80% of the population worldwide use a variety of traditional medicine, including herbal medicines, for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of illnesses, and for the improvement of general well-being. Total consumer spending on herbal dietary supplements in the United States reached an estimated $8.085 billion in 2017. In addition, the 8.5% increase in total sales from 2016 is the strongest growth for these products in more than 15 years. The main reason to use herbal products in these countries is the assumption of a better tolerability compared to synthetic drugs. Whereas in developing countries herbal medicines are mostly the only available and affordable treatment option. Surveys from industrialized countries reveal as main health areas in which herbal products are used for upper airway diseases including cough and common cold; other leading causes are gastrointestinal, nervous and urinary complaints up to painful conditions such as rheumatic diseases, joint pain and stiffness. Gastrointestinal disorders are the most widespread problems in health care. Many factors may upset the GI tract and its motility (or ability to keep moving), including: eating a diet low in fiber; lack of motion or sedentary lifestyle; frequent traveling or changes in daily routine; having excessive dairy products; anxiety and depression; resisting the urge to have a bowel movement habitually or due to pain of hemorrhoids; misuse of laxatives (stool softeners) that, over time, weaken the bowel muscles; calcium or aluminum antacids, antidepressants, iron pills, narcotics; pregnancy. About 30% to 40% of adults claim to have frequent indigestion, and over 50 million visits are made annually to ambulatory care facilities for symptoms related to the digestive system. Over ten million endoscopies and surgical procedures involving the GI tract are performed each year. Community-based studies from around the world demonstrate that 10% to 46% of all children meet the criteria for RAP. Gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic or acute diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain, and inflammatory bowel diseases can indicate immune deficiency, present in 5% to 50% of patients with primary immunodeficiencies. The gastrointestinal tract is the largest lymphoid organ in the body, so it is not surprising that intestinal diseases are common among immunodeficient patients. Gastroenterologists therefore must be able to diagnose and treat patients with primary immunodeficiency. Further, pathogens do influence the gut function. On the other hand, dietary habits and specific food types can play a significant role in the onset, treatment, and prevention of many GI disorders. Many of these can be prevented or minimized by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and practicing good bowel habits.
 
 Article Type: Review
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Zakiyah, Emyk Windartik, Heri Tri Wibowo, Ana. "EFEKTIFITAS MINUMAN JAHE DALAM MENGURANGI EMESIS GRAVIDARUM PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER I." Adi Husada Nursing Journal 1, no. 2 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.37036/ahnj.v1i2.11.
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ABSTRAKKehamilan merupakan proses alami dan normal, namun pada umumnya ibu mengalami emesis gravidarum. Keluhan tersebut disebabkan oleh perubahan sistem endokrin yang terjadi selama kehamilan, terutama disebabkan oleh tingginya fluktuasi kadar Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG), keluhan tersebut biasanya terjadi pada 12-16 minggu pertama. Jahe adalah salah satu produk terapeutik yang diturunkan dari rhizoma, kandungan minyak atsiri yang bersifat aromatik dapat memberikan pengaruh langsung pada saluran gastrointestinal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keefektifan pemberian minuman jahe pada ibu hamil yang mengalami emesis gravidarum. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental one group pre test-post test design. Tehnik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah 27 responden. Hasil analisis dengan wilcoxon sign rank test menunjukkan bahwa nilai p=0.00 (α<0.05). Pemberian minuman jahe dengan dosis yang tepat efektif dalam mengurangi emesis gravidarum pada ibu hamil trimester I karena kandungan minyak atsiri yang bersifat aromatik memberikan pengaruh langsung pada saluran gastrointestinal, sedangkan efek antiemetik pada jahe disebabkan oleh kerja antikolinergik dan antihistamin. Jahe menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi gejala emesis gravidarum dengan berbagai jenis sediaan/kemasan sehingga lebih menarik tanpa mengurangi khasiat yang terkandung di dalamnya.
 Kata kunci: jahe, emesis gravidarum, morning sickness
 ABSTRACTPregnancy is a natural and normal process, but generally, women experience morning sickness. The complaints are caused by endocrine system changes that occur during pregnancy, mainly caused by fluctuations in the levels of HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin), such complaints usually occur in the first 12-16 weeks. Ginger is one of the therapeutic products derived from rhizomes, atsiri oil content that is both aromatic can provide a direct influence on the channel gastrointestinal. Aim of this study was to determined the effectiveness of the provision of ginger ale in pregnant women who experience morning sickness. This is an experimental one group pretest-posttest design. Sampling technique used purposive sampling with 27 respondents. The results of the analysis with the wilcoxon signed rank test showed that the p = 0.00 (α< 0.05). Giving ginger drink with the right dose effective in relieving morning sickness in the first trimester pregnant women because it contains aromatic oils that are atsiri give direct effect on the gastrointestinal tract, whereas the antiemetic effect of ginger is caused by anticholinergics and anthistamin work. Ginger became one alternative to reduce the symptoms of morning sickness with various types of preparation/ packaging making it more attractive without reducing the benefits contained therein.
 Keywords: ginger, morning sickness, emesis gravidarum
 
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Fülöp, Vilmos, János Demeter, and Áron Cseh. "A praenatalis és postnatalis mikrobiom jelentősége és hatásai a korai egyedfejlődés időszakában és az intervenciós kezelés lehetőségei." Orvosi Hetilap 162, no. 19 (2021): 731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2021.32082.
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Összefoglaló. A humán mikrobiom az emberi szervezetben és az emberi testfelszínen élő mikrobaközösségek összessége, amelyek többsége a gyomor-bél rendszerben él. Ezek a mikrobaközösségek számos és sokféle baktériumot tartalmaznak, gombákat, vírusokat, archeákat és protozoonokat. Ez a mikrobiális közösség, vagy mikrobiota, a gazdaszervezetben nagyrészt egymással kölcsönösségi viszonyban tenyészik, és gondoskodik a bélben a tápanyagok anyagcseréjéről, kalibrálja az anyagcsere-működést, tanítja az immunrendszert, fenntartja a közösség integritását, és véd a kórokozók ellen. A majdan megszületendő magzat a megfelelő tápanyagellátását az anyai véráramból kapja, és így az anyai szervezetben a mikrobiota indukálta baktériumkomponensek vagy metabolitok hatékonyan átvihetők a magzatba. Az anyai mikrobiális közösségek – ideértve a praenatalis bélrendszeri, hüvelyi, száj- és bőrmikrobiomot – a terhesség alatt valójában kifejezett változásokon mennek keresztül, amelyek befolyásolhatják az egészség megőrzését, és hozzájárulhatnak a közismert betegségek kialakulásához. A magzat nem steril, és immunológiai szempontból sem naiv, hanem az anya révén környezeti ingerek hatásaitól befolyásolva kölcsönhatásba lép az anyai immunrendszerrel. Számos anyai tényező – beleértve a hormonokat, a citokineket és a mikrobiomot – módosíthatja az intrauterin környezetet, ezáltal befolyásolva a magzati immunrendszer fejlődését. A fokozott stresszben élő anyák csecsemőinél nagyobb az allergia és a gyomor-bél rendszeri rendellenességek aránya. A várandós étrendje is befolyásolja a magzati mikrobiomot a méh közvetítésével. A bélflóránk, vagyis a mikrobiom, a belünkben élő mikrobák összessége és szimbiózisa, amelynek kényes egyensúlya már csecsemőkorban kialakul, és döntően meghatározza az intestinalis barrier és a bélasszociált immunrendszer működését. A probiotikumok szaporodásához szükséges prebiotikummal is befolyásolható a bélflóra. A pre- és a probiotikum kombinációja a szimbiotikum. Az anyatej a patogénekkel szemben protektív hatású, részben azáltal, hogy emeli a Bifidobacterium-számot az újszülött bélflórájában. A dysbiosis a kommenzális, egészséges bélflóra megváltozása. Ennek szerepét feltételezik funkcionális gastrointestinalis kórképekben, egyre több pszichiátriai és neurológiai kórképben is, mint az autizmus-spektrumzavar. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(19): 731–740. Summary. The human microbiome is the totality of microbe communities living in the human body and on the human body surface, most of which live in the gastrointestinal tract. These microbe communities contain many and varied bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea and protozoa. This microbial community or microbiota in the host is largely reciprocal and takes care of nutrient metabolism in the gut, calibrates metabolism, teaches the immune system, maintains community integrity, and protects against pathogens. The fetus to be born is adequately supplied with nutrients from the maternal bloodstream, and thus microbial-induced bacterial components or metabolites can be efficiently transferred to the fetus in the maternal body. Maternal microbial communities, including prenatal intestinal, vaginal, oral, and dermal microbiomes, actually undergo pronounced changes during pregnancy that can affect health maintenance and contribute to the development of well-known diseases. The fetus is not sterile or immunologically naïve, but interacts with the maternal immune system through the effects of environmental stimuli through the mother. Many maternal factors, including hormones, cytokines, and the microbiome, can modify the intrauterine environment, thereby affecting the development of the fetal immune system. Infants of mothers under increased stress have higher rates of allergies and gastrointestinal disorders. The diet of the gravida also affects the fetal microbiome through the uterus. Our intestinal flora, or microbiome, is the totality and symbiosis of the microbes living in them, the delicate balance of which is established in infancy and decisively determines the functioning of the intestinal barrier and the intestinal associated immune system. The prebiotic required for the proliferation of probiotics can also affect the intestinal flora. The combination of pre- and probiotic is symbiotic. Breast milk has a protective effect against pathogens, in part by raising the number of Bifidobacteria in the intestinal flora of the newborn. Dysbiosis is a change in the commensal, healthy gut flora. Its role is hypothesized in functional gastrointestinal disorders, as well as in more and more psychiatric and neurological disorders such as the autism spectrum disorder. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(19): 731–740.
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Mulligan, Christopher M., and Jacob E. Friedman. "Maternal modifiers of the infant gut microbiota: metabolic consequences." Journal of Endocrinology 235, no. 1 (2017): R1—R12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-17-0303.
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Transmission of metabolic diseases from mother to child is multifactorial and includes genetic, epigenetic and environmental influences. Evidence in rodents, humans and non-human primates support the scientific premise that exposure to maternal obesity or high-fat diet during pregnancy creates a long-lasting metabolic signature on the infant innate immune system and the juvenile microbiota, which predisposes the offspring to obesity and metabolic diseases. In neonates, gastrointestinal microbes introduced through the mother are noted for their ability to serve as direct inducers/regulators of the infant immune system. Neonates have a limited capacity to initiate an immune response. Thus, disruption of microbial colonization during the early neonatal period results in disrupted postnatal immune responses that highlight the neonatal period as a critical developmental window. Although the mechanisms are poorly understood, increasing evidence suggests that maternal obesity or poor diet influences the development and modulation of the infant liver and other end organs through direct communication via the portal system, metabolite production, alterations in gut barrier integrity and the hematopoietic immune cell axis. This review will focus on how maternal obesity and dietary intake influence the composition of the infant gut microbiota and how an imbalance or maladaptation in the microbiota, including changes in early pioneering microbes, might contribute to the programming of offspring metabolism with special emphasis on mechanisms that promote chronic inflammation in the liver. Comprehension of these pathways and mechanisms will elucidate our understanding of developmental programming and may expand the avenue of opportunities for novel therapeutics.