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1
Ives, Angela Denise. "Breast cancer and pregnancy : how does a concurrent or subsequent pregnancy affect breast cancer diagnosis, management and outcomes?" University of Western Australia. School of Surgery, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0038.
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[Truncated abstract] A diagnosis of breast cancer is a life-changing event for any woman. For young women and their families it can be devastating. Women aged less than 45 years make up 20% of new cases of breast cancer diagnosed annually in Australia. With the trend for women to delay pregnancy, young women diagnosed with breast cancer may want at least the option to become pregnant after diagnosis and treatment but little is known about how pregnancy affects breast cancer or how breast cancer affects pregnancy. The aims of this thesis were to investigate how concurrent and subsequent pregnancy affects the development and outcomes of breast cancer and how breast cancer affects a concurrent or subsequent pregnancy. This study describes two groups of women identified from the entire Western Australian population less than 45 years of age when diagnosed with: 1. Gestational breast cancer, defined as breast cancer diagnosed while a woman is pregnant or in the first twelve months after completion of a pregnancy; and 2. Breast cancer who subsequently conceive. This study focused on three main areas; patterns of care and outcomes for women diagnosed with gestational breast cancer and those women diagnosed with breast cancer who subsequently conceived; the imaging and pathological characteristics of gestational breast cancer; and lastly the psychosocial issues associated with gestational breast cancer. ... This result was statistically significant. In an age and staged matched case control study lymph node negativity did not purvey a survival advantage for women diagnosed with gestational breast cancer as it did for the non- gestational breast cancer controls. Women diagnosed with breast cancer who have good prognosis tumours need not necessarily wait two years to become pregnant. In an age matched case control study women diagnosed with gestational breast cancer were more likely to have extensive insitu carcinoma, higher mitotic rates and tumours with medullary like features than their age matched controls. In a Cox's proportional hazards regression model which included pathological characteristics, there was no significant difference in survival for women diagnosed with gestational breast cancer were compared to women diagnosed with non-gestational breast cancers. The psychosocial issues for women diagnosed with gestational breast cancer are similar to other young women diagnosed with breast cancer but the effect on the 9 lives of women dealing with pregnancy and breast cancer simultaneously was much greater. The issues of breast cancer and pregnancy are complex at both a physical and psychological level. Much more research is needed to understand the mechanisms of how pregnancy affects breast cancer and its spread. Women who are pregnant when diagnosed with breast cancer or who consider pregnancy after their diagnosis need unbiased support from those around them. Survival is important but other survivorship issues may be just as important. To translate these findings into clinical practice and offer directions for future research eleven recommendations are proposed.
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Irambona, Renovate. "Contribution à l'étude de l'accompagnement psychosocial de la femme enceinte dans les services de Prévention de la Transmission Mère-Enfant du VIH au Burundi." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209773.
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L’annonce des résultats du diagnostic d’une maladie grave est toujours un moment difficile à vivre pour le patient et, dans une moindre mesure, pour le médecin. Lorsqu’il s’agit du VIH/SIDA, la difficulté est d’autant plus importante que bien souvent, cette maladie véhicule honte et culpabilité avec risque de stigmatisation de la personne séropositive. Chez les femmes enceintes burundaises, cette situation est encore plus préoccupante. Des barrières liées au contexte socio-culturel les poussent à des conduites d’évitement du test du VIH, alors que le dépistage constitue une porte d’entrée pour les soins de prévention de la transmission du VIH de la mère à l’enfant. <p><p>L’objectif de cette thèse était de comprendre l’état psychologique des femmes enceintes lors du dépistage du VIH dans les services de Prévention de la Transmission Mère-Enfant (PTME) du VIH à Bujumbura. Cette compréhension permettrait d’optimiser la prise en charge psychologique de ces femmes enceintes au moment du dépistage du VIH et de mettre en place un accompagnement psychosocial dans leur milieu de vie. De façon spécifique, ce travail visait à :(1) analyser le contenu verbal des entretiens de conseils pré et post-test tels qu’ils sont faits dans les services de PTME, et de les comparer avec les normes proposées en la matière par l’OMS ;(2) évaluer l’anxiété chez les femmes enceintes à différents moments du dépistage du VIH; (3) analyser les raisons du refus du dépistage et du renoncement aux soins par les femmes enceintes séropositives à VIH. <p><p>La recherche a été réalisée principalement auprès des femmes enceintes rencontrées dans les services de consultation prénatale à Bujumbura, capitale du Burundi. Les outils de récolte des données étaient des entretiens conseillers-femmes enceintes au cours des activités de dépistage, les échelles d’évaluation de l’anxiété (HADS et STAI), des questionnaires de rétention/impact de l’information, des focus groups et un récit de vie. Ces outils nous ont permis de recueillir des données que nous avons traitées qualitativement par analyse de contenu et quantitativement par des analyses statistiques avec le logiciel SPSS.<p><p>Les résultats sont présentés dans cinq études. Notre première étude a montré que l’adaptation locale du schéma proposé par l’OMS pour les conseils pré et post-test en dépistage prénatal du VIH est une nécessité. Cela permettrait aux conseillers de mieux communiquer avec les femmes enceintes. Les trois autres études portant sur l’évaluation de l’anxiété ont montré que les besoins psychologiques des femmes enceintes au cours du dépistage du VIH devraient être reconnus et pris en compte. La détection de l’anxiété devrait être systématique afin de commencer une prise en charge psychologique dès le début du processus de dépistage et ainsi aller au devant des conduites d’évitement. La cinquième et dernière étude a montré que la stigmatisation et ses conséquences seraient à la base du refus du dépistage du VIH et du traitement en cas de séropositivité. Dès lors, le suivi médical doit être associé à un suivi psychologique pour réaliser une prise en charge intégrée des femmes enceintes dans les services de PTME. En continuité avec cette prise en charge au niveau des structures de santé, des stratégies d’accompagnement psychosocial adéquates devraient être planifiées au niveau des communautés. En outre, nous recommandons des études visant les problématiques psychologiques et sociales liées au VIH/SIDA chez la femme enceinte au Burundi. <p><p>Abstract:The announcement of the diagnosis of a serious illness is always a difficult experience for the patient and to a lesser extent, to the doctor. When it comes to HIV / AIDS, the challenge is even more important that in many cases, this disease vehicle with shame, guilt and risk of stigmatization of HIV-positive person. For pregnant women in Burundi, the situation is even more worrying. Socio-cultural barriers cause avoidance of HIV testing, while the screening is a gateway to care for the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child.<p><p>The objective of this thesis was to understand the psychological state of pregnant women in HIV testing services in the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Bujumbura. This understanding would maximize the psychological care of pregnant women at the time of HIV testing and to develop psychosocial support in their living environment. Specifically, this work aimed to: (1) analyzing the verbal content of counseling interviews pre and post-test as they are made in PMTCT services, and compare them with the proposed standards in this area by WHO, (2) assess anxiety in pregnant women at different stages of HIV testing, (3) analyze the reasons for refusal of screening and seeking care for pregnant HIV-positive.<p><p>The research was conducted mainly among pregnant women encountered in antenatal clinics in Bujumbura, Burundi's capital. Tools for data collection were interviews between counselors and pregnant women during routine screening, rating scales of anxiety (HADS and STAI), questionnaires of retention / impact of information, focus groups and a life story. These tools have allowed us to collect data that we have treated qualitatively by content analysis and quantitatively by statistical analysis using SPSS.<p><p>The results are presented in five studies. Our first study showed that local adaptation of the scheme proposed by the WHO for counseling pre and post-test in antenatal HIV testing is a necessity. This would allow counselors to better communicate with pregnant women. The other three studies of anxiety assessment showed that the psychological needs of pregnant women in HIV testing should be recognized and taken into account. Anxiety screening should be systematic to begin psychological support early in the process of HIV testing. The fifth and final study showed that stigma and its consequences would be the causes for refusal of HIV testing and treatment in HIV positive cases. Therefore, medical care should be combined with psychological support to achieve an optimal management of pregnant women in PMTCT services. In continuity with this support in the structures of health, psychosocial support strategies should be planned at the community level. In addition, we recommend studies related to psychological and social issues of HIV / AIDS among pregnant women in Burundi.<p><br>Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Clower, Christen E. "Pregnancy Loss: Disenfranchised Grief and Other Psychological Reactions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4340/.
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It is widely acknowledged in the literature that grief is most intense when it is experienced by parents whose children have died. However, as recently as 20 years ago, mothers whose children died at birth or before the pregnancy had reached full term were often dismissed as merely medical patients, and their psychological reactions were not considered or acknowledged by professionals, their friends, or their families. More recently fields such as psychology have recognized that women who have experienced pregnancy loss have complex psychological reactions to their loss. The present study examined the patterns of grief of women who have had a pregnancy end in spontaneous abortion or stillbirth and the ways in which these women gave meaning to their experiences. Participants were asked to complete several measures including the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS), the Hogan Grief reaction Checklist (HGRC), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSS), and the Inventory of Social Support (ISS). The participants also wrote a narrative account of their loss experience. These narratives were content analyzed to delineate common themes. The findings indicated several important factors which may be useful in understanding and assisting in post-loss adjustment.
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Zetterström, Karin. "Chronic Hypertension and Pregnancy : Epidemiological Aspects on Maternal and Perinatal Complications." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Women's and Children's Health, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7755.
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<p>These studies were undertaken to investigate risks of maternal and perinatal complications in pregnant women with chronic hypertensive disease, and to investigate future risk of preeclampsia in women born small for gestational age (SGA). Population based cohort studies using the Swedish Medical Birth Register from different years were performed.</p><p>The maternal complications mild and severe preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and abruptio placenta were studied in a population of 681 515 women, with a prevalence of 0,5% for chronic hypertension. Risk estimates were adjusted for differences in maternal characteristics as age, parity, BMI, ethnicity and smoking habits. Chronic hypertensive women wore found to have significantly increased risks of all complications. </p><p>The perinatal complication SGA was studied in a population of 560 188, with a prevalence of 0,5% for chronic hypertension. Risk estimates were adjusted for differences in maternal characteristics and for the secondary complications mild and severe preeclampsia. Chronic hypertensive women were found to suffer a significantly increased risk of giving birth to an offspring that is SGA. </p><p>The perinatal complication fetal/infant mortality was studied in a population of 1 222 952 with a prevalence of 0,6% for chronic hypertension. Risk estimates were adjusted for differences in maternal characteristics and for the complications mild and severe preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, abruptio placenta and offspring being SGA In the analysis an effect modification by gender was included. Chronic hypertensive women were found to have a significantly increased risk for stillbirth and neonatal death in male, but not in female, offspring. Thus a clear gender difference in mortality was revealed. The risk of mortality of offspring was mediated by severe preeclampsia, abruptio placenta and offspring being SGA. Mild preeclampsia and gestational diabetes did not affect the risk. No increased risk of post neonatal mortality was found.</p><p>A generation study was performed in 118 634 girls of which 5.8% were born SGA. Their future risk for mild and severe preeclampsia in first pregnancy was analysed. Risk estimates were adjusted for age, smoking, BMI and for preeclampsia in the mothers while pregnant with the study population. Women who were born SGA were shown to have a significantly increased risk for severe preeclampsia, but not for mild preeclampsia. </p>
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Zetterström, Karin. "Chronic hypertension and pregnancy : epidemiological aspects on maternal and perinatal complications /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7755.
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Swallow, Brian L. "Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy : psychological and social aspects." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496084.
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Selwyn-Cross, Halina. "An examination of psychological issues in the pregnancy and birth process with reference to personal responsibility and control." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002062.
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This study examines the psychological issues of personal responsibility and control in the childbirth process. It examines the implications of the woman's preparation process and the choices she makes during pregnancy and childbirth. It also explores the way in which the birthing environment and the woman's interpersonal relationships affect her experience of personal control within the context of the childbirth period. Use was made of the case study research design. This qualitative design involved indepth exploration, of cases in which the women had recently given birth to their first child in the local hospital of a small town. The data analysis involved the use of a "reading guide", established by the researcher to allow for the examination of the data specifically in terms of the themes in question. Within the study the importance and value of the woman's accurate and sufficient preparation for the birth was seen to facilitate a realistic sense of predictability, which led to an increased awareness and ability of the woman to remain in control. This, along with the active participation of the husband and supportive network in the hospital, allowed for a sharing of the responsibility within the labour situation. This taking and appropriately yielding of control and responsibility had positive effects on the woman's experience of the event and for initial mother-infant bonding
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Elton, Caroline Sarah. "Psychological aspects of pregnancy amongst women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265018.
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This study investigated emotional adjustment and regimen adherence of pregnant women \\ith insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (lDDM). 40 pregnant women with IDDM (P/D group), 35 pregnant non-diabetic women (PIN-D group) and 25 non-pregnant women who had IDDM (NP/ D group) were interviewed in their homes. Both of the diabetic groups self-monitored their regimen adherence in the week following the interview. All PID and PIN-D interviews took place in the second trimester of pregnancy. Pregnancy was associated with significant shifts in blood glucose testing behaviour but only minor shifts in dietary behaviour. The two diabetic groups also differed in the factors that predicted blood glucose testing. Health beliefs and attitudes to the disease did not alter dramatically during pregnancy. The 2 pregnant groups did not differ in terms of physical symptoms of pregnancy or in rates of hospitalization. The PID group did not report higher levels of health anxieties and they were optimistic about the prognosis for the pregnancy. No group differences were found in psychological attachment to the foetus. Within both pregnant groups attachment to the foetus was found to be unrelated to feelings about the state of pregnancy. The three groups did not differ in current levels of depressed mood but the N-P/D group had experienced a significantly higher rate of previous emotional problems. The generally favourable psychological adjustment of the PIO women was attributed to changes in the medical management of diabetic pregnancy and the improved prognosis for both mother and baby. The suggestion is also made that that the PIO women may have differed in their tolerance of physical symptoms of pregnancy. The limitations of the current study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Nodine, Janet Lynn. "THE EFFECT OF THERAPEUTIC TOUCH ON ANXIETY AND WELL-BEING IN THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276506.
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This study was conducted to determine whether or not a significant difference exists in pregnant women among those receiving therapeutic touch, mock therapeutic touch, or no touch on measurements of anxiety and well-being. Thirty third trimester primigravida subjects were tested pre- and postintervention using the State-Anxiety Inventory and a Well-Being Visual Analog; heart and respiratory rates were monitored before, during, and after the treatment. No significant differences were found using analysis of covariance with the pre-test scores as the covariate. The findings indicate that therapeutic touch may not be useful in reducing state anxiety or enhancing subjective well-being in pregnancy. Study limitations include a small sample size, use of an instrument without established reliability and validity, and a study environment that may have increased anxiety.
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DeMarkis, Caroline F. "The relationship between prepartum expectations about the transition to parenthood and actual postpartum experiences." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040342/.
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Ng, Tsz-yin Carina, and 伍紫燕. "Illness, ideology, and identity: the "pregnancy" of cancer." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38671074.
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Warren, Keith Clements. "Family Environment, Affect, Ambivalence and Decisions About Unplanned Adolescent Pregnancy." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331841/.
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This study investigated the relationships among family environment, demographic measures, the decisions made by unintentionally pregnant adolescents regarding post-delivery plans (stay single, get married, adoption), and the certainty with which these decisions were made. The Information Sheet, Family Environment Scale (Moos & Moos, 1981), and Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (Zuckerman & Lubin, 1965a) were administered to 17 5 pregnant adolescents, ages 14 through 22, who intended to carry their pregnancies to term. Pearson product-moment correlations and multiple regression analyses were utilized to assess the relationships between family environment and certainty of decision and between family environment and negative affect. Greater uncertainty was associated with nonwhite racial status and living with both natural parents or mother only. Higher levels of negative affect were related to lower levels of perceived family cohesion, independence, expressiveness, and intellectualcultural orientation. The demographic variables of age, trimester of pregnancy, and family constellation were also found to be useful in predicting levels of negative affect. Subjects who were older, further along in their pregnancies, and living with both natural parents or mother only tended to report greater negative affect. Findings of greater uncertainty and negative affect associated with living with the natural mother are consistent with previous reports of disturbed mother-daughter relationships among this population.
Discriminant analysis revealed that subjects choosing adoption were more likely to be older and to be white than those choosing to keep the child. They also tended to perceive higher levels of expressiveness and independence in their families. Comparisons between the present sample and "normal" families revealed differences which were statistically significant, but quite small in terms of raw score units. Indeed, these groups may be more similar than has often been assumed. The implications of these findings for the delivery of services and for future research efforts in this area were discussed. More intensive assessment of family functioning is needed. Based upon present results, further investigation of the family constellation variable is warranted.
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Norbeck, Oscar. "Clinical and immunological aspects of human parvovirus B19 infection /." Stockholm : Dept. of laboratory medicine, Karolinska institutet, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-203-9/.
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Winslow, Wendy. "Pregnancy as a project : 12 women’s experience of a first pregnancy after age 35." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24425.
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This study explores the experience of a select group of women pregnant for the first time after age 35. A grounded theory approach was used to collect, code, compare, and contrast data arising from a series of indepth interviews. The resultant theoretical construct showed that these women conceived of pregnancy as a four phase project. Each phase revolved around a major concept and had a related goal. The women moved from the early planning and controlling phases through transition to a phase of uncertainty about how they would incorporate motherhood into their lives. Implications for nursing relate to the women's sophisticated learning needs, their ability to plan and control their experiences, their lack of synchronization with societal norms, their self confidence, and their continuing careers.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Nursing, School of<br>Graduate
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Sylvester, Kara. "Women's Satisfaction with their Childbirth Experiences: What Influenced Their Satisfaction and What They Wish They Had Been Told." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SylvesterK2004.pdf.
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Ma, Shuk-wah Helen. "Health beliefs of pregnant women who will undergo caesarian section." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29653459.
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Josefsson, Ann. "Postpartum Depression : Epidemiological and Biological Aspects." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/med/07/81/index.html.
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Iker, Carolyn E. "Early unintentional pregnancy loss as it is experienced by the couple : a phenomenological study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29734.
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This phenomenological study examined the experience of miscarriage from the couple's perspective. The study participants were six couples who had miscarried within four weeks of the initial interview. Data were collected in interviews and were analyzed concurrently. Themes were identified and validated by the couples as the interviews progressed. Findings from analysis confirmed that couples grieve following a miscarriage. This grief experience is represented by a composite of four interacting motifs called Discovery, Disclosure, Definition and Decision. Each motif is characterized by dominant emotions and behaviours. The composite interacts with the external theme of Health Care Interactions. Findings supported assertions that individuals within the couple relationship grieve incongruently. The grief experience is facilitated or hampered by the quality of health care interactions the couple experiences. Couples identified needs that were unmet during the experience particularly the need to talk through the experience at a later time and the need to have their losses acknowledged by their health care givers. Differences in Discovery were found between couples who had a prodromal phase of miscarriage and those who had a missed abortion. Couples who had a missed abortion experienced confusion in addition to the shock and disbelief encountered at this time.
Findings also supported the assertion that grief following a miscarriage is generally resolved within twelve weeks.
This description of the grief experience following a miscarriage will assist nurses to provide couple-centred care to facilitate resolution of their grief. Implications for practice, research and education are described to enhance the nurse's ability to provide more effective care to miscarrying couples.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Nursing, School of<br>Graduate
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Botha, Ilza. "Female sexuality and body image during pregnancy." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14741.
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Bibliography: leaves 406-467.<br>This explorative study, partially based on the psychological and developmental perspectives, evaluated female sexuality and body image during pregnancy and the postnatal period. A cross-sectional and longitudinal research design was used. Several female (n = 208) and male ( n = 84) subsamples were evaluated. Assessment included a Biographical Questionnaire, Female and Male Sexuality Scales rated on 3- and 5- point scales, and the Rorschach Inkblot Test, scored for Barrier and Penetration responses. Parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques were employed in the cross-sectional data analysis. The biographical background of the subjects was homogeneous. Predominantly all of the women were educated, had planned their pregnancies, attended prenatal classes and were informed about the process of pregnancy. Chi-square tests on the single items measuring female sexuality, from prior to conception to during pregnancy, and after childbirth, showed a significant decline in females' sexual satisfaction and in the intensity with which they experienced orgasms. Excluding the retrospective data, a significant decline was found on female sexual desire and enjoyment during pregnancy and during the postnatal period. Physiologically related reasons were commonly associated with declined sexual desire. Few pregnant or postnatal women abstained from sexual intercourse or introduced coital methods and positions unfamiliar to them. A factor analysis of the single sexuality variables revealed four factors, Sexual Responsivity, Sexual Orgasmic Ability, Multiple Orgasmic Ability and Sexual Motivation. The data subjected to a multivariate analysis of variance yielded a significant linear downward trend of Female Sexual Responsivity over the gestation period and after childbirth. The conclusion is drawn that female sexuality I specifically referring to the psychological dimension (Factor 1) was not related to a specific trimester (or stage). No significant differences were evident on the physiological dimension of female sexuality referring to Orgasmic Ability or Sexual Motivation. Female body image was assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The descriptive analysis showed that pregnant women felt overweight, and unacceptable by social standards, yet they viewed these bodily states as temporary. The projective account of body image yielded no significant differences. The conclusion was drawn that women consciously rejected their pregnant body image, but subconsciously it formed part of their identity. Expectant fathers only experienced a significant decline in sexual satisfaction and initiated less sexual activity during their wives' pregnancy. It was concluded that male sexuality was minimally affected by their partner's pregnancy. Finally, pregnancy was found to be a natural and positive event.
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Huttlinger, Kathleen Wilson. "The experience of pregnancy in teenage girls." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184453.
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Pregnancy in unmarried teenaged girls in America today is a growing concern to health care workers, educators, government officials and parents. Pregnancy during adolescence is not an issue because births to teenagers are increasing but because teenage pregnancy is no longer a societal option. This paper describes adolescent pregnancy from within the context of the subculture of adolescence and from the perspective of 16 pregnant, teenaged girls. The findings revealed a description of the life experiences of pregnant teenagers and introduced health-care issues that were not previously disclosed in other research studies of pregnant teens. The anthropological concepts of liminality, the double-bind, social labeling, and schizmogenesis served to guide the research. The concepts also helped to explain many behaviors and observations that were made of the informants throughout the research. An ethnographic approach using participant observation and ethnographic interviews was used to collect data from 16 pregnant, unmarried, teenaged girls in a large Southwestern, urban area. The informants ranged in age from 14 through 19 years and represented various backgrounds. Nine informants resided in a home for unwed, pregnant teenagers with the remainder residing in diverse locations. Data analyses occurred concurrently with data collection as part of an ongoing process. Data were ordered and transcribed within a framework designed to enhance thematic analysis. Transcribed interview and observational data were transferred onto the Ethnograph, a data-management software program. Data were coded using substantive and conceptual codes. Codes were linked according to patterns of association and frequency of occurrence which in turn led to the revealing of recurrent thematic patterns. In all, eight themes were revealed: (1) pregnancy is bad; (2) loneliness; (3) waiting it out; (4) dependency; (5) looking bad; (6) giving up baby; (7) losing what was; and (8) losing control. Thematic content also disclosed many inconsistencies and double-binds between the larger Western macroculture and adolescent subculture. Ethnographic themes and expressions of these themes provided new information for constructing health-related interventions with pregnant teens.
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Williamson, Nancy D. "Psychological Responses of Fathers and Mothers to Amniocentesis." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 1985. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/15675.
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University of Central Florida College of Arts and Sciences Thesis<br>Amniocentesis is one of the most widely used prenatal diagnostic techniques for congenital disorders. It was hypothesized that the spychological responses of mothers and fathers to amniocenthesis during high-rish pregnancies would be positively correlated on scales of Symptomatology (Anxiety, Depression, Anger, and Somatic Complaints) and Well-Being (Relaxed, Contented, Friendliness, and Somatic Well-Being). It was also hypothesized that Symptomatology would be negatively correlated with Well-Being. Nineteen couples, who were referred by their physicians, voluntarily participated in the study. Each partner completed the Symptom Questionnaire (Kellner, 1983), a self-rating scale of Symptomatology and Well-Being, in addition to the Pre-Amniocentesis and Post-Amniocentesis Questionnaires (original questionnaires developed for this study) at intervals prior to and following the procedure, while awaiting results. A Pearson product-moment correlation of the total scores revealed a positive correlation (p < 0.5) between the scores of fathers and mothers on the Symptomatology Scale, both pre- and post-amniocentesis (r = .47 and .47). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation (p < .05) between Symptomatolgy and Well-Being scores for both mothers (r = -.55 and -.60) and fathers (r = -.48 and -.74) at the pre- and post-amniocentesis periods, respectively. The hypothesis cannot be completely accepted because the positive correlation does not exist at the post-amniocentesis level. Mothers appear to experience more Symptomatology and less Well-Being than fathers at the post-amniocentesis level. The results are interpreted to suggest that fathers and mothers may both benefit from pre- and post-amniocentesis supportive intervention.<br>M.S.;<br>Masters<br>Arts and Sciences;<br>Clinical Psychology;<br>42 p.<br>vii, 42 leaves, bound : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Wade, Karen Beck. "One becoming two becoming three: An intervention to address the psychological issues of pregnancy." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/385.
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Mavuso, Jabulile Mary-Jane Jace. "Women's micro-narratives of the process of abortion decision-making : justifying the decision to have an abortion." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017885.
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Much of the research on abortion is concerned with determining women’s psychological outcomes post-abortion. There is a small, but increasing, body of research around women’s experiences of abortion (conducted predominantly in Scandinavian countries where abortion laws are liberal). However, research around the decision-making process regarding abortion, particularly research that locates the decision to have an abortion within the economic, religious, social, political, and cultural aspects of women’s lives and that looks at women’s narratives, is virtually non-existent. Drawing on Foucauldian and feminist post-structuralism as well as a narrative-discursive approach, this study sought to explore women’s micro-narratives of the abortion decision-making process in terms of the discourses used to construct these micro-narratives and the subject positions made available within these discourses. This study also sought to determine whether the power relations referred to by participants contributed to unsupported and unsupportable pregnancies and the implications this had for reproductive justice. Purposive sampling was used to recruit a total of 25 participants from three different abortion facilities in the Eastern Cape. Participants were ‘Black’ women, mostly unemployed and unmarried with ages ranging between 19 and 35 years old. In analysing and interpreting participants’ narratives, the picture that emerged was an over-arching narrative in which women described the abortion decision as something that they were ‘forced’ into by their circumstances. To construct this narrative, women justified the decision to have an abortion by drawing on discourses that normalise certain practices located within the husband-wife and parent-child axes and make the pregnancy a problematic, unsupported and unsupportable one. Gendered and generational power relations reinforced this and contributed to the denial of reproductive justice
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Kroskey, Diane Lynn. "Factors affecting the nutritional status of pregnant women." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277084.
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This paper attempted to determine the effect that gastrointestinal discomforts, socioeconomic status, dietary knowledge and beliefs about foods to omit during pregnancy had on the nutritional status of pregnant women. Hemoglobin, upper arm muscle circumference, weight for height and eating patterns measured nutritional status. Twenty women in their second trimester of pregnancy, active duty or the dependent wife of an Air Force E-4 and below, were surveyed. Questionnaires and anthropometric measures were used. Pearson Product Moment Correlations and a canonical correlation were accomplished. Data analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between eating patterns and gastrointestinal discomfort. There was a significant positive correlation between beliefs about foods to omit and eating patterns. Significant negative correlations existed between dietary knowledge and military status, monthly grocery bill, and number of people fed.
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Burke, Elspeth. "Taking the psychology of pregnancy seriously : implications for intervention : a review of the psychoanalytic literature." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52476.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pregnancy has evolved from being predominantly understood as a medical phenomenon
to what psychoanalytic theorists would regard as a holistic experience encompassing both
physiological and psychological changes. According to psychoanalytic theorists,
pregnancy is a transitional phase and a time of susceptibility and flux for most women.
This often results in psychic turmoil where boundaries between conscious and
unconscious process become more permeable. The pregnant woman's dreams and
fantasies create an inner working model of relationships and this in tum provides a
template of how her relationship with her baby will be experienced and conducted. This
link to the unconscious increases insight into the process occurring between the woman
and her evolving relationship with the fetus and provides the health professional with
clues for early intervention. However care should be taken by health-care professionals
to communicate the psychological processes during pregnancy within the cultural
framework of the pregnancy mother for positive outcomes to be achieved.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wyse waarop swangerskap verstaan word het ontwikkel vanaf grotendeels mediese
verskynsel na wat die psigoanalitiese teoretici sal beskou as 'n holistiese ervaring wat
beide die fisiologiese en die sielkundige veranderinge insluit. Die psigoanalitiese
teoretici beskou swangerskap as 'n oorgangs fase en 'n periode van vatbaarheid en
veranderlikheid vir die meeste vroue. Dit gee dikwels aanleiding tot psigiese wanorde
waar die grense tussen bewustelike en onbewustelike prosesse meer deurdringbaar word.
Die swanger vrou se drome en fantasië skep 'n innerlike werkende model van
verhoudings en op sy beurt voorsien dit templet van hoe haar verhouding met haar baba
ervaar en hanteer sal word. Hierdie band met die onbewustelike verleen insig in die
proses wat tussen die vrou en haar ontwikkelende verhouding met die fetus voorkom en
voorsien die gesondheids werker van leidrade vir vroeë intervensie. Die gesondheids
werker moet egter versigtig wees om die sielkundige prosesse gedurende swangerskap
binne die kulturele raamwerk van die swanger moeder te interpreteer om sodoende
positiewe uitkomste verkry.
26
Houliara, Natalia. "A portfolio of research, professional practice and critical literature review in the psychological aspects of pregnancy." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1077/.
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Niven, Catherine A. "Factors affecting labour pain." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2572.
Full textAbstract:
The labour pain experienced by 101 women giving birth in a Scottish hospital was assessed by the McGill Pain Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scales during active first stage labour and post-natally. Labour pain was found to be on average severe, but not intensely negatively affective. Its intensity varied considerably and was related to parity and the duration of the first stage of labour reflecting underlying differences in levels of noxious stimulation. Other obstetric and pharmacological factors which might affect noxious stimulation were not significantly related to pain scores. Induction was related to higher,and complications of pregnancy, to lower levels of pain attributable to psychological modulation. The desirability of pregnancy, positive and accurate expectations of birth, ante-natal training and the welcomed presence of the husband at the birth were associated with significantly lower levels of labour pain, particularly of non-sensory pain. A few subjects had very minimal previous experience of pain. These subjects had the lowest levels of pain in childbirth, perhaps because they were relatively insensitive to noxious stimulation. Subjects whose previous experience of pain had been extensive had significantly lower levels of labour pain than subjects whose previous pain experience had been more limited. Subjects who had extensive experience of pain used a larger number of strategies to cope with that pain than subjects whose experience had been more moderate. They used more strategies during labour, a greater proportion of which they had used previously. The use of a number of strategies in labour, either in combination or in sequence was related to lower levels of labour pain but not to painless childbirth. So too was the use of strategies which had been previously utilised. The relationship between previous pain experience and levels of labour pain was mediated by the differential use of coping strategies.
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Edwards, Lisa J. "Maternal undernutrition and fetal blood pressure and the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis in the late gestation fetal sheep." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe2654.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-257). Aims to determine the impact of maternal undernutrition during late gestation and during the periconceptional and gestational periods on fetal growth, fetal blood pressure and the fetal hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis in the sheep.
29
Chan, Chui-yi, and 陳翠兒. "A longitudinal study of maternal anxiety from the antenatal to the postpartum period: risk factors and adverseoutcomes on infant temperament and development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50162718.
Full textAbstract:
Anxiety is common among pregnant and postpartum women. The research attention in the area of reproductive mental health has mainly focused on postpartum depression in past decades. Given the health implications of maternal anxiety on the physical and psychological well being of both mothers and their offspring, there is an urgent need to fill the current research gaps. The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of antenatal and postpartum anxiety symptoms; investigate the nature and development of antenatal and postpartum anxiety; clarify the constructs of antenatal anxiety; identify demographic and psychosocial risk factors; and examine the effects of antenatal anxiety on postpartum anxiety and infant development and temperament.
A prospective longitudinal design with quantitative approach was adopted in the present study. Pregnant women from two regional hospitals in Hong Kong were invited to participate in the study. They were assessed using standardized and validated psychological instruments on 5 time points including the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, 6-weeks and 6-months postpartum. A total sample of 1470 pregnant women was assessed on antenatal general anxiety and postpartum anxiety and hypothesized risk factors. A subset of 186 pregnant women was assessed on pregnancy-specific anxiety and infant temperament and development.
The results showed that an appreciable proportion of pregnant women manifested general anxiety symptoms and pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms during pregnancy. A mixed-effects model analysis for repeated measures showed that both forms of anxiety followed a U-pattern across pregnancy (p<.05 for both), with both being less prevalent in the second trimester. Findings supported that pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms and general anxiety symptoms are two distinct but inter-related forms of anxiety. Different demographic risk factors for anxiety symptoms vary across different trimesters. Self esteem and marital satisfaction were consistently associated with both general anxiety symptoms and pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms over the course of pregnancy. Regarding the impact of antenatal anxiety, general anxiety symptoms in the third trimester had the strongest association with postpartum anxiety at 6-weeks postpartum (p<.05). In general, general anxiety symptoms were more strongly associated with postpartum anxiety than pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms. After adjusting for the effects of postpartum anxiety and depression and other covariates, pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms were independent predictors for fewer infant’s falling reactivity response (p<.05), greater infant’s fear response (p<.05) and greater distress to limitations (p<.05), whereas general anxiety symptoms were independent predictors for poorer social (p<.05) and speech (p<.05) development.
The present study points to the need for greater research and clinical attention to antenatal anxiety given that antenatal anxiety is a prevalent problem with changing course and has serious impacts on maternal well-being and infant development. General anxiety symptoms and pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms reflect different pathologies with potentially different pathogeneses and different pathways to postpartum well-being and infant outcomes which deserved further investigation. The present findings contributed to the understanding of maternal anxiety and have implications for the design of effective identification, prevention and treatment of these significant clinical problems.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Psychiatry<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
30
Ralston, Kevin. "Childbearing and first birth in Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9815.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines childbearing and first birth in Scotland. A description of empirical patterns and trends in childbearing and first birth in Scotland is given. Unique and appropriate analyses of data sources are presented. This includes analysis of the Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS) and Scottish Social Attitudes Survey: Fertility Module (SSAS). The thesis clearly demonstrates the relationship between social stratification and childbearing within Scotland. This is apparent longitudinally, examining timings of first birth using the SLS, and in cross-sectional data using the SSAS, and comparing childbearing ideals and intentions with achieved numbers of children. The evidence suggests inequalities at play on parenthood. Those relatively less advantaged on measures of social stratification, for instance using data on occupations or educational attainment can be observed as starting families earlier than those more educationally or occupationally advantaged. Whether, and how, standard measures of geography relate to fertility outcomes is examined across several chapters and findings suggest that they offer some explanation relating to individual processes of first birth. A latent class approach is outlined which shows that economic theories of fertility can be reconciled with attitudinal indicators of opportunity cost and financial constraint. A distinctive theoretical position is also taken which culminates in the exposition of the position that childbearing can be usefully conceptualised in terms of a threshold effect.
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Hui, Choi Wai-hing, and 許蔡惠卿. "The transition to motherhood for Chinese women." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39634012.
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Joubert, Anne-Marie. "When teenagers become mothers : teenagers' experiences of pregnancy and motherhood." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4866.
Full textAbstract:
Digitized using a Konica Minolta 211 PCL Scanner. 300dpi (OCR).<br>Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Most portrayals in the media, research and clinical literature of teenage pregnancy and motherhood concentrate on the negative consequences for the teenager, the baby and society. Although these portrayals do capture the experience of some of the cases, they fail to grasp the complexity of these teenagers' life choices and the alternative positive impact teenage pregnancy and motherhood may have on their lives. This qualitative study focuses on the autobiographical narrative of the teenager as she experiences pregnancy and becomes a mother. The sample consists of eight participants from a rural community outside Stellenbosch, South Africa. One pre-birth interview as well as three interviews after the birth of the baby were audio taped and transcribed. Responses showed significant data with regards to the impact of the emotional experience of teenage pregnancy and motherhood on the teenager, as well as her experience of herself, changes in her life as well as the nature of the pregnancy and motherhood experience. To date, the literature does not account for the unique and individual nature of how teenage pregnancy and motherhood impacts the individual. In contrast, this research illustrates the changes in the thoughts, emotions and behaviours of teenagers when they become mothers.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die meeste uitbeeldings in die media, navorsing en kliniese literatuur met betrekking tot tiener swangerskap en moederskap fokus op die negatiewe gevolge vir die tiener, die baba en die samelewing. Alhoewel hierdie uitbeeldings tog die ervaringe van sekere van die gevalle verteenwoordig, misluk dit om die kompleksiteit van die tieners se lewenskeuses vas te vang, asook die alternatiewe positiewe impak wat tiener swangerskap en moederskap op hulle lewens kan hê. Hierdie kwalitatiewe studie fokus op die outobiografiese naratiewe van die tieners soos hulle swangerskap en moederskap ervaar. Die deelnemers bestaan uit agt tieners vanuit 'n plaasgemeenskap buite Stellenbosch, Suid-Afrika. Een onderhoud tydens die tiener se swangerskap sowel as drie onderhoude na die geboorte van die baba is opgeneem en getranskribeer. Betekenisvolle data ten opsigte van die impak van die emosionele ervaring van tiener swangerskap en moederskap, asook die tiener se ervaring van haarself, veranderinge in haar lewensstyl en die aard van die swangerskap en moederskap ervaring het duidelik na vore gekom in die onderhoude. Tot op hede neem die literatuur nie die unieke en individuele aard van hoe tiener swangerskap en moederskap die individu beinvloed, in ag nie. In teenstelling illustreer hierdie navorsing die veranderinge in die denke, emosies en optrede van die tieners soos hulle moeders word.
33
Hoek, Kim G. P. "Mutation screening of pre-eclampsia candidate genes, LEP (ob) and LEPR (obR)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2834.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc (Genetics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>Pre-eclampsia is a multisystemic disorder with an incidence of ~6-8% in non-Caucasian women in the Western Cape. Trophoblast invasion is vital for adequate anchorage of the placenta to the uterine wall as well as for the optimisation of utero-placental blood flow in uncomplicated pregnancies. This process is facilitated by the fetal trophoblast cells that digest the extracellular matrix of the uterus by secreting various molecules, including the metalloproteinases (MMP), of which MMP-9 has an increased production during the first trimester. Leptin, an autocrine regulator of MMP-9 secretion, functions via the leptin receptor to prevent over-invasion of maternal tissues.
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the leptin (ob) and leptin receptor (obR) genes in predisposition to pre-eclampsia and involved screening the genes in South African non-Caucasian cohorts and performing statistical analysis to determine whether any variants contributed to the disease profile.
34
Bundy, Patricia Pulliam. "Behavior assessments of pregnant adolescents using TFA Systems (tm)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39081.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess the thoughts, feelings, and actions of pregnant teens at significant decision-making times: time of intercourse,
confirmation of pregnancy, and six weeks post delivery. Factors associated with adolescent pregnancy and patterns of behavior were analyzed.
Examination of the extant literature on adolescent pregnancy yielded insight into parental, socio-economic, and partner factors. The interview protocol emanated from the literature analysis. The interaction of these factors on the thoughts, feelings, and actions of female teens was the focus of the study.
Data from personal recurrent interviews of pregnant teens over a four-month period served as the basis for analyzing thoughts, feelings, and actions. Analysis of individual and group thoughts, feelings, and actions generated behavior patterns relevant to each of the three decision-making times.<br>Ed. D.
35
Meek, Mary Elaine. "The lived experience of pregnancy for the adolescent : Heideggerian hermeneutical analysis." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902479.
Full textAbstract:
American adolescents are no more sexually active than adolescents in other Western nations. Each year more than one million American teenagers become pregnant, which gives the United States the dubious distinction of leading the industrialized world in the highest rates of teenage pregnancy. With the number of adolescent pregnancies increasing yearly, the cost of healthcare has become a major concern for healthcare providers. Because the teen's viewpoint is different from that of an adult, this research study focused upon the issue of teen pregnancy through the eyes of the pregnant adolescent.Heideggerian phenomenology was used as the research methodology to acquire information regarding the lived experience of pregnancy for the single adolescent, with Heideggerdian hermeneutics used in the interpretation of interviews. A purposive sample of five single primipara adolescents living in a teen home, in a large metropolitan area of a Midwestern state was utilized. Each interview was given a number in order to protect the confidentially of the participant. Interviews were audio taped and were transcribed by the researcher. The audio tapes were destroyed at the end of the study. The data obtained were studied by the researcher and others familiar with Heideggerian hermeneutics. The data were analyzed according to the seven step method described by Diekelmann, Allen and Tanner (1989). The findings identified an overall constitutive pattern along with four common themes.The overall constitutive pattern which emerged was "Pregnancy as a diverse human experience." Along with the constitutive pattern identified were four other common themes: (a) Body image changes as being within oneself; (b) Being marked as a pregnant teenager; (c) Pregnancy as loss; and (d) Pregnancy as connectedness. Both the constitutive pattern and the common themes were validated by the adolescent interviewed. The conclusions of this study showed that teens were aware of the methods of contraception and pregnancy but were unaware of the impact pregnancy would have on the teen's being in the world.<br>School of Nursing
36
Morin, Mariko Anne. "The effect of prenatal maternal stress on the development of attention problems in five-year-old children /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83132.
Full textAbstract:
Research indicates a relationship between prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) and attention levels in children. Studies with non-human primates suggest that both exposure to PNMS and the timing of a stressor during pregnancy are associated with greater attention problems in offspring; however, this has not been sufficiently tested in humans because of methodological constraints. We explored the relationship between objective and subjective measures of PNMS for 85 women who were pregnant during the 1998 Quebec Ice Storm and attention levels in their 5.5 year-old children, while controlling for socioeconomic status, child's sex, and maternal state anxiety. As a group, children in the study displayed significantly less attentive behaviour compared to a standardized norm. Boys in this group were significantly less attentive than girls. Objective PNMS exposure during 1st trimester correlated positively with attention problems in the children, accounting for 15.2% of the variance in attention levels as rated by Kindergarten teachers. In a behavioural task to detect sustained attention difficulties and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, children exposed during the 3rd trimester obtained significantly worse scores compared to children exposed in other trimesters. However, in this case, objective and subjective PNMS appeared to act as protective factors, raising the possibility of the presence of another unknown mechanism that negatively affected the attention variables.
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Van, der Spuy Tanya Monique. "Dissociation as a defensive strategy in pregnant low-income women : a review of the literature." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52805.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper is an attempt to explore the appropriateness of the use of the specific
psychological paradigm of dissociation as a possible response to pregnancy in lowincome
women. Low-income women who fail to acknowledge their pregnancies may
do so in an attempt to defend against feelings of fear, anxiety and helplessness
engendered by the crisis of pregnancy. A dissociative response may serve to protect
the expectant mother from conscious awareness of the full impact of what is
happening, in other words, to provide psychological escape when physical escape is
not possible. Such a response may initially be adaptive in that it provides these
women with a means of coping. Dissociative processes allow, in the context of an
inescapable crisis, the economizing of already limited physical and psychological
resources. However, the prolonged use of dissociative strategies during pregnancy
may have far-reaching implications, and, as such, be a hindrance to adaptive
functioning.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie poog om ondersoek in te stel na die geskiktheid van die gebruik van
die spesifieke psigiese meganisme van dissosiasie as 'n moontlike reaksie tot
swangerskap in lae-inkomste vroue. Lae-inkomste vroue mag hul swangerskappe
ontken in 'n poging om verweer te bied teen gevoelens van vrees, angs en
hulpeloosheid wat deur swangerskap teweegebring word. 'n Dissosiatiewe respons
mag dien om die verwagtende moeder te beskerm teen die volle impak van die
gebeurtenis, met ander woorde, om psigiese ontvlugting te bied waar fisiese
ontvlugting onmoontlik is. Welke respons mag aanvanklik adaptief wees in dat dit 'n
manier van streshantering is. Dissosiatiewe meganismes bevorder, in die konteks
van 'n onvermydelike krisis, die besparing van reeds beperkte fisiese en psigiese
bronne. Die langtermyn gebruik van dissosiatiewe strategieë gedurende
swangerskap mag egter verreikende gevolge inhou, en as sulks adaptiewe
funksionering strem.
38
Gordon, Roberta June. "Pregnant women's perception and application of health promotion messages at community health centres." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
Studies have shown that pregnant women do understand and value information of their unborn child. However, those providing health promotion services often focus on medical procedures and health education messages, ignoring the cultural, socio-economic and psychological dimensions that impact on women's health. This research aimed to look at a specific component of health promotion, i.e. health promotion messages shared with pregnant women attending Stellenbosch and Klapmuts Community Health Centre Antenatal Health Promotion Programme and their perceptions of how they apply messages in their daily lives.
39
James, Sindiwe Valencia. "A model for the facilitation of intergenerational reconciliation during teenage pregnancy a Xhosa perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/458.
Full textAbstract:
Teenage pregnancy is an international phenomenon with girls falling pregnant from as early as 14 years of age. In South Africa teenage pregnancies are also on the increase (Kaiser, 2000:18; Statistica SA, 2006:5;). Teenage pregnancy may have negative effects for the teenager in that it can force the teenager to drop out of school prematurely as well as shortening her educational career which might limit future career possibilities. It also predisposes both the mother and the child to health risks. Finally, teenage pregnancy also leads to family destabilisation. Within the Xhosa communities family destabilisation becomes even more severe as it is culturally and traditionally related. Traditionally, teenage pregnancy in the Xhosa communities is stigmatized. The family suffers from embarrassment and disappointment and the effects of these experiences can manifest in outrage on the part of the parents towards the pregnant teenager resulting in non-communication with her and ultimately rejection (Boult & Cunningham, 1991:36). This results in no or minimal support from the family (Nxumalo, 1997:16). The research design and method to achieve the objective of the study was a theory-generative design based on a qualitative, phenomenological, explorative, descriptive and contextual research approach utilizing the four steps of theory generation. During the step of concept analysis, which is the first step of the process of theory generation, data was collected by means of individual interviews with the pregnant Xhosa teenagers, parents and grandparents. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The sample for the study was selected purposively to ensure indepth information.
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Records, Kathryn Ann. "Life events of pregnant and nonpregnant adolescents." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276646.
Full textAbstract:
This descriptive study compared life events in the lives of pregnant (n = 23) and non-pregnant (n = 23) adolescents using a developmental model. A 51-item life events checklist adapted from Robbins (1981) and Johnson and McCutcheon (1980) was used to identify occurrence and perception (good or bad) of life events. Mean ages were 17.3 (pregnant) an 17.0 (non-pregnant). Ethnic representation was Hispanic (n = 28), Anglo (n = 14), American Indian (n = 2), and Black (n = 2). One pregnant and seven non-pregnant adolescents were employed. Thirty-nine adolescents lived with their parents, and seven lived on their own. Pregnancy of sister or close friend, an increased number of arguments between parents, a change in parents' financial status, and trouble with brother or sister were reported by more than 50% of the total. No significant difference existed in either the total number or perception of life events between groups. In addition, the developmental adaptation categories revealed no significant statistical difference.
41
Bottoman, Phathiswa Esona. "Pregnant women’s construction of social support from their intimate partners during pregnancy." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62560.
Full textAbstract:
There is a growing body of research aimed at understanding social support during pregnancy in South Africa. Pregnancy is constantly referred to as one of the challenging and stressful periods affecting women’s physical and psychological well-being. Various research studies on social support argue that social support is paramount at this stage. Research on social support indicates that having adequate and quality social support impacts on how pregnant women experience pregnancy. My interest in social support comes in the wake of absent fathers in South Africa and with the emerging trend of “new” fathers. Although there is a volume of research on social support, it tends to be realist. Using a social constructionist framework, I explore other ways of talking about social support in an attempt to expand the discourse around social support. I explore how pregnant women talk about social support during pregnancy from their intimate partners in the small rural municipality of Elundini, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Intimate partner support was limited to heterosexual partners regardless of their marital status. The sampling procedure followed a non-probability sampling method. Participants of the study were between 24 and 32 years old. Their gestational age ranged between five and eight months. Fourteen in-depth interviews using photo-elicitation were conducted with seven participants and were analysed using a social constructionist informed thematic analysis. The major theme that emerged from the analysis was partner involvement and absence during pregnancy. The analysis of results suggests that expectant father presence translates to social support. Participants constructed his presence as reassurance in the context of possible abandonment. Absence was constructed in different ways: participants constructed absence as unjust and unfair, absence and marriage, temporary absence in the form of cultural phenomenon of ukwaliswa/ukubukubazana, absence as normal but burdening to the pregnant women’s social network. Participants reported that social support from the expectant father affected pregnancy wantedness.
42
Powers, Pamela Kay. "The Effect of Cognitive Development and Premarital Sexual Permissiveness on Adolescent Pregnancy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500562/.
Full textAbstract:
A literature review revealed 15 variables as commonly studied as associated with adolescent pregnancy. The research showed conflicting results in many of these areas. Twenty-one pregnant and 20 non-pregnant adolescents were tested using the Arlin Test of Formal Reasoning (ATFR) and the Reiss's Premarital Sexual Permissiveness Scale. Pregnant participants were expected to score lower than non-pregnant participants on the ATFR; and, the low permissives (based on responses to the Reiss's Premarital Sexual Permissiveness Scale) were expected to score higher than high permissives on the ATFR. However, the results did not support the hypotheses. Several areas were examined for exploratory purposes. There was a significant difference between high permissives and low permissives for parent/peer orientation for sexual behavior attitudes. Additional exploratory demographic information was collected using a General Information Questionnaire.
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Sigcau, Nomakhosi. "Public discourses on choice of termination of pregnancy in a rural area of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002564.
Full textAbstract:
A period of ten years has elapsed since the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act came into effect. Little has been done in South Africa to investigate public discourses concerning termination of pregnancy since the implementation of the Act. The social context and the quality of available support systems determine the outcome of the women’s feelings after the abortion. Knowledge about the social context is important, as it will help to understand the complexities and nuances of abortion. The aim of the research is to explore public discourses on Choice on Termination of Pregnancy (CTOP), and the potential implications of these discourses on the use of the CTOP service. The sample consisted of 23 black isiXhosa-speaking participants from the rural area of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Four focus groups coming from different age groups (between the ages 18 and 52) with both men and women participated in the study. Fictitious vignettes that tap into two different scenarios regarding abortion based on women’s stories were used. Discourses that emerged from people’s text are explained, described and interpreted through a discourse analysis. Since the study was interested in public discourses it led to the discovery of 17 interpretative repertoires as follows: social stigma, abortion equated to murder, degradation of society, pregnancy as an irresponsible act, conditional acceptance, TOP in the context of marriage, future potentiality invested in the foetus, dehumanizing foetus into a clot, shared decision making responsibility, gender dynamics interpretative repertoire, negative post abortion consequences, the scolding versus the supportive nurse interpretative repertoire, alternatives interpretative repertoire, rights versus no responsibility interpretative repertoire, more knowledge needed, male and female or generational differentiation repertoire, and the positive effects repertoire. Abortion is opposed on religious and cultural grounds. TOP has been legalized in South Africa but with this a debate and conflicting views have arisen. These variations in people’s discourses may limit access to TOP for women who need the service.
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Case, Stephanie. "A case study investigation of the neuropsychological profile of a rugby player with a history of multiple concussions." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007727.
Full textAbstract:
sustained multiple concussions may be at risk of cumulative impairment. The role of neuropsychological testing in the management of sports-related concussion is a contentious and challenging issue which has gained credibility given the lack of clear and well-established guidelines pertaining to the diagnosis, assessment and return-to-play decisions following concussion. Despite various traditional paper and pencil tests being shown to be effective indicators of postconcussive neuropsychological dysfunction, testing has not been widely implemented, due to time- and labour-demands. ImPACT, a computer-based neuropsychological assessment instrument, has been recognised as a valid and reliable tool in the monitoring of athletes' symptoms and neurocognitive functioning preseason and postconcussion. As a part of larger-scale concussion research conducted on top-team university rugby players, this is an in-depth case study conducted on a 20-year old participant with a history of multiple concussions, who was referred following a concussion sustained during the season. The objectives of the study were: (i) to determine the sensitivity of ImPACT versus WAIS-III Digit Span and Trail Making Test during the acute postconcussive phase; and (ii) to examine the sensitivity of ImPACT versus a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests to possible residual deficits as a result of the multiple concussions. ImPACT was determined to be more sensitive to acute postconcussive impairment following concussion than Digit Span and Trail Making Test. Furthermore, the ImPACT preseason baseline scores appear to be sensitive to neurocognitive dysfunction, possibly due to cumulative concussive injuries.
45
Petersson, Khaliah. "Exercise, self-perceptions and mood during pregnancy." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0049.
Full textAbstract:
The general purpose of this research was to investigate physical activity levels as a correlate of selected aspects of psychological health among pregnant women. Specifically, the aims of the study were (1) to provide a cross-sectional description of changes in physical self-concept, mood, and perceived stress during pregnancy; (2) to evaluate physical activity patterns of pregnant women over time during pregnancy; and (3) to determine if there is a difference between physical activity and physical self-concept, mood, perceived stress and/or burnout symptoms during pregnancy. Participants were pregnant women from various antenatal clinics at King Edward Memorial Hospital. The women completed a questionnaire package containing questions on physical activity levels and measures of physical self-concept, social physique anxiety, perceived stress, mood and burnout symptoms. A series of ANOVAs was used to provide a descriptive profile of how these psychological variables change during the course of pregnancy. Significant time-related differences were found for the perceived health subscale of the PSDQ and the tension subscale for the BRUMS. Findings also suggested a significant association between physical activity, and physical self-perceptions, most importantly self-esteem. Higher levels of physical activity were also found to be closely related to positive mood states, lower levels of perceived stress and fewer burnout symptoms. No significant association was found between physical activity and social physique anxiety.
46
SWANDA, REX MICHAEL. "FREE RECALL AS A FUNCTION OF AGE OF ONSET, MEDICATIONS, AND DEPRESSION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188054.
Full textAbstract:
Thirty-two parkinsonians were compared to 32 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls on measures of depression (Beck Inventory), dementia (Mattis Dementia Rating Scale), and primary and secondary memory components of Free Verbal Recall. Parkinsonians were found to be more depressed, with greater impairment of secondary memory. There were no significant group differences in primary memory or general cognitive functioning. Sub-groups of 41 parkinsonians (including the 32 patients described above) were used to compare the relative contributions of depression, age of onset, and general cognitive decline to the observed secondary memory deficit. Depressed parkinsonians demonstrated more impaired primary memory than did nondepressed parkinsonians, but did not account for the difference in secondary memory. Parkinsonians with later ages of onset demonstrated greater depression and cognitive decline over a shorter length of illness, and parkinsonians with greater cognitive decline performed more poorly on the measure of secondary memory. Comparisons of parkinsonians with predominant unilateral motor symptoms (either right or left) to those with equal bilateral symptoms revealed the bilateral group to be significantly older, with later ages of onset but no difference in length of illness. It is concluded that later age of onset is a critical factor that is more likely to be associated with depression and declines in cognitive functioning than is seen with earlier age of onset. The relationship between age of onset and cognitive decline is not accounted for by age alone, length of illness, nor by the interaction of age with parkinsonian symptoms. Furthermore, the presence of bilateral symptoms may serve as a marker for the cluster of symptoms associated with later ages of symptoms onset.
47
Hartley, Mary. "Depressed mood in pregnancy : prevalence and social factors in Cape Town peri-urban settlements." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5324.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antenatal distress in Cape Town periurban
settlements, and the social factors associated with it in this population. Participants were 756
pregnant women from Khayelitsha and Mfuleni, Cape Town. Each women was interviewed in her
home language using a structured questionnaire which included the Edinburgh Postnatal
Depression Scale (EPDS), measures for social support and alcohol use, and questions concerning
socio-demographics, intimate partner violence, and the current pregnancy. A threshold score of 14
and above on the EPDS was used to determine antenatal distress. Data were analysed using
descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis initially, followed by multivariate logistical regression.
Results indicated a prevalence of 46% for antenatal distress, which is substantially greater than the
prevalence found in high income countries. Women in their first trimester of pregnancy were more
likely to experience antenatal distress than were women in their second and third trimesters. The
strongest predictors of antenatal distress were poor partner support, intimate partner violence and
having a household income below R2000 per month. The high prevalence found in this study has
harmful implications for infant health in South Africa, and is reason to suggest that early screening
and intervention is crucial. More research is needed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness and
scalability of community-based interventions for maternal depression in South African peri-urban
settlements, as well as to establish the specific infant outcomes of antenatal distress in this
population.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het ten doel om die voorkoms van voorgeboorteangs in buitestedelike nedersettings
in Kaapstad te bepaal, sowel as die maatskaplike faktore wat met voorgeboorteangs by dié
populasie verband hou. Die studiedeelnemers was 756 swanger vroue van Khayelitsha en Mfuleni,
Kaapstad. ʼn Gestruktureerde vraelys is gebruik om met elke vrou ʼn onderhoud in haar huistaal te
voer. Die vraelys het die Edinburg-nageboortedepressieskaal (EPDS), maatstawwe vir maatskaplike
steun en alkoholgebruik, en vrae oor sosiodemografie, bedmaatgeweld en die vrou se huidige
swangerskap ingesluit. ʼn Drempeltelling van 14 en hoër op die EPDS is gebruik om
voorgeboorteangs te bepaal. Die data is aanvanklik met behulp van beskrywende statistiek en
tweeveranderlike analise ontleed, waarna dit aan meerveranderlike logistiese regressie onderwerp
is. Studieresultate toon ʼn 46%-voorkoms van voorgeboorteangs, wat beduidend hoër is as dié in
hoëinkomstelande. Vroue in hul eerste trimester van swangerskap blyk meer geneig te wees om
voorgeboorteangs te ervaar as vroue in hul tweede en derde trimester. Die sterkste voorspellers van
voorgeboorteangs is swak ondersteuning van lewensmaats, bedmaatgeweld en ʼn huishoudelike
inkomste onder R2 000 per maand. Die hoë voorkomssyfer van voorgeboorteangs waarop die
studie dui, het nadelige implikasies vir babagesondheid in Suid-Afrika, en maak vroeë toetsing en
ingryping noodsaaklik. Verdere navorsing word vereis om die doeltreffendheid en skaleerbaarheid
van gemeenskapsgegronde ingrypings vir moederdepressie in Suid-Afrikaanse buitestedelike
nedersettings te ontwikkel en te beoordeel, sowel as om die bepaalde uitwerkings van
voorgeboorteangs op pasgeborenes in dié populasie te bepaal
48
Levin, Karen Susan. "The communicative participation of adults with cerebral palsy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85569.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Conducted within a critical disability studies framework, this study explored the experience of communicative participation by adults with cerebral palsy who live with severe communication impairments. The concept of the participation of communicatively disabled people is relatively new, and the theoretical understanding of communicative participation is underdeveloped although participation is increasingly recognised as a central goal in rehabilitation. In addition, there is a paucity of information with reference to the trajectory of lifelong communication disability. Little is known about the communicative participation of adults with cerebral palsy in South Africa.
Nine adults with cerebral palsy, who lived with significant communication impairments, participated in the study. They were between 32 and 49 years of age, and had lived South Africa all their lives. They were observed in social interactions in their daily lives on multiple occasions and took part in serial interviews over a six-month period. Using a pragmatist grounded theory approach, the data were analysed from an interpretive basis.
Four main categories were constructed. The first category was “being misrecognised as a communicator”, which showed that the participants were not acknowledged as having equal moral participatory status in communicative exchanges. The second category, “contexts for communicating”, indicated that the participants lived with significant communication impairments which resulted in their experiencing limitations in a broad spectrum of life’s activities. The third category, “an embedded communicative self”, illuminated that the participants saw their communicative disabilities as embedded within a broader picture of being disabled, and that their communication impairments had a marked effect on their identity development. Through an analysis of lifetime contributions to communicative participation, the final category, “dynamic participation” revealed how communicative participation is a fluid, ever-changing process.
Extending Ikäheimo’s (2010) model of social participation and recognition, a “dynamic recognition-theoretical model of communicative participation” is presented. Communicative participation is defined as a dynamic social process. It is undergirded by the moral recognition of the interactants as communicative partners, and is influenced by time as the dimension through which all communication takes place.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie, vanuit `n kritiese benadering, het serebraalgestermde volwassenes (wie se vermoë om te kommunikeer ernstig aangetas is) se ervaringe met betrekking tot hul deelname aan kommunikasie of situasies waarin daar gekommunikeer word, verken. Die konsep wat fokus op die deelname aan kommunikasie deur diegene wie se vermoë om te kommunikeer ernstig aangetas is, is `n relatief nuwe begrip. Die teoretiese grondslag van die konsep is onderontwikkeld, maar die konsep word toenemend gereken as een van die belangrikste doelwitte van die rehabilitasie-proses. Daar is ook`n gebrek aan inligting wat handel oor die verloop van mense se lewenslange ervaringe wie se vermoë om te kommunikeer ernstig aangetas is. Daar bestaan beperkte kennis oor volwassenes met serebraalgestremdheid in Suid-Afrika se deelname aan kommunikasie.
Nege volwassenes met serebraalgestremdheid, wie se vermoë om te kommunikeer ernstig aangestas is, het deelgeneem aan die studie. Die deelnemers se ouderdomme (gedurende die tydperk waarin data-insameling plaasgevind het) het gewissel van 32 tot 49 jaar, en die deelnemers het nog altyd in Suid-Afrika gewoon. Die deelnemers se kommunikasie-gedrag gedurende verskeie sosiale situasies is waargeneem. Die deelnemers het ook oor `n periode van ses maande aan `n reeks onderhoude deelgeneem. Pragmatiese, gegronde teoretiese benadering (ook verwys na as ‘grounded theory’) is gebruik om die data te analiseer.
Die bevindinge dui op vier hoof temas. Die eerste tema verwys na bevindinge wat handel oor ‘om misken te word as as iemand wat deelneem aan kommunikasie’. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat deelnemers van mening is dat hulle nie as `n gelykke beskou word gedurende situasies waarin daar gekommunikeer word. Die tweede tema verwys na ‘die konteks van kommunikasie’, en dui daarop dat weens die feit dat deelnemers se vermoë om te kommunikeer ernstig aangestas is, word hulle ook op `n verskeidenheid van lewensaktiwiteite ingeperk. Die derde tema verwys na die volgende: ‘die aantasting van die vermoë om te kommunikeer gesetel in die self’. Die tema dui daarop dat deelnemers die aantasting van hulle vermoë om te kommunikeer, sien as deel van die geheelbeeld van gestremdheid en dat die vermoë om te kommunikeer `n betekenisvolle impak op hul identiteitsontwikkel gehad het. Die lewenslange ervaringe van die deelnemers het aanleiding gegee tot die vierde en laaste tema, naamlik ‘dinamiese deelname’. Dit dui daarop dat die deelname aan kommunikasie nie staties is nie, maar voortdurend verander. Die studie bevindinge suggereer dat Ikäheimo’s (2010) se model van sosiale deelname en erkenning, uitgebrei kan word tot `n dinamiese teoretiese model wat die deelname aan kommunikasie erken. Die deelname aan kommunikasie word gedefiniëer as `n dinamiese sosiale proses. Die grondslag van die model behels die erkenning van diegene wat kommunikeer as deelgenote wat beïnvloed word deur tyd as die dimensie waardeur alle kommunikasie plaasvind.
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Davies, Hilary. "An investigation into the most appropriate prediction method for birth outcomes and maternal morbidity, and the influence of socioeconomic status in a group of preganant women in Khayelitsha, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5235.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction :
The health status of women in peri-urban areas has been influence by the
South African political transition. Despite some progress, maternal and child
mortality rates are still unacceptably high. A mother’s nutritional status is one
of the most important determinants of maternal and birth outcomes. The
Institute of Medicine’s pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) method is not
always appropriate to use in a peri-urban setting as many women attend their
first antenatal clinic later on in their pregnancy. Two alternative methods, the
gestational BMI (GBMI) and the gestational risk score (GRS), have been used
elsewhere to screen for at risk pregnancies, but have not been used in a
South African peri-urban setting. Furthermore, examining socio-economic
variables (SEV) aids in the explanation of the impact of social structures on an
individual. Risk factors can then be established and pregnant women in these
higher risk groups can be identified and given additional antenatal clinic
appointments and priority during labour.
Aim:
The first aim was to investigate the strength of the GBMI and GRS methods
for predicting birth outcomes and maternal morbidities. The second aim was
to investigate the relationships between SEV, GBMI and maternal morbidities.
Methods:
This was a sub-study of the Philani Mentor Mothers Study. A sample of 103
and 205 were selected for investigating the prediction methods and SEV
respectively. Maternal anthropometry, gestational weeks and SEV were
obtained during interviews before birth. Information obtained was used to
calculate GBMI and GRS and to assess the SEV. Birth outcomes were
obtained from the infant’s clinic cards and maternal morbidities were obtained
from interviews two days after the birth. Results
No significant association was found between GBMI and birth outcomes and
maternal morbidities. A significant positive association was found between
GRS and birth head circumference percentile (r=0.22, p<0.05). The higher
the GRS, the higher the risk of an infant spending longer time in the hospital
(Kruskal Wallis X2 = 4, p<0.05). A significant positive association was found
between GBMI and the following SEV factors; age (r=0.33, p<0.05), height
(r=0.15, p<0.05), parity (r=0.23, p<0.05), income (r=0.2, p<0.05), marital
status (X2 = 9.35, p<0.05), employment (U=2.9, p<0.05) and HIV status
(U=2.54, p<0.05). No statistically significant relationships were found
between gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus and SEV.
Conclusion:
From the findings of this sub-study there were some promising results,
however it is still unclear as to which method is the most appropriate to predict
adverse birth outcomes and maternal morbidity. It is recommended that the
GBMI and GRS once-off methods be repeated in a larger population to see if
there are more parameters that could be predicted. Women who were older,
shorter, married, had more pregnancies, HIV negative and had a higher socioeconomic
status tended to have a greater GBMI. This can lead to adverse
birth outcomes and increases the risk of women developing maternal
morbidities and other chronic diseases later in their life. Optimal nutrition and
health promotion strategies targeting women before conception should be
implemented.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding:
Die gesondheidstatus van vroue in semi-stedelike areas is beïnvloed deur die
Suid-Afrikaanse politiese oorgang. Ten spyte van ’n mate van vooruitgang is
die sterftesyfers vir moeders en kinders steeds onaanvaarbaar hoog. ‘n
Moeder se voedingstatus is een van die mees belangrike bepalende faktore
van moeder- en geboorteuitkomste. Die Instituut van Geneeskunde se voorswangerskap
Liggaamsmassa Indeks (LMI) metode is nie altyd toepaslik om
te gebruik in ‘n semi-stedelike opset nie aangesien baie vroue hul eerste
voorgeboorte-kliniek eers later in hul swangerskap bywoon. Twee
alternatiewe metodes, die swangerskap LMI (SLMI) en die swangerskap risiko
telling (SRT) is al elders gebruik as sifting vir hoë risiko swangerskappe, maar
is nog nie gebruik in ‘n Suid-Afrikaanse semi-stedelike opset nie. Vervolgens
kan ‘n ondersoek na sosio-ekonomiese veranderlikes (SEV) help om die
impak van maatskaplike strukture op ‘n individu te verduidelik. Risiko faktore
kan dan vasgestel word en swanger vroue wat in hierdie hoër risiko groepe
val kan geïdentifiseer word. Dié vroue kan addisionele voorgeboorte-kliniek
afsprake ontvang asook voorkeurbehandeling tydens die geboorteproses.
Doelstellings:
Die eerste doelstelling was om die sterkte van die SLMI en SRT metodes te
ondersoek as voorspellers van geboorte uitkomste en moeder-morbiditeite.
Die tweede doelstelling was om die verhoudings tussen SEV, SLMI en
moeder-morbiditeite te ondersoek.
Metodes:
Hierdie projek was ‘n sub-studie van die Philani Mentor Moeders Studie. ‘n
Steekproefgrootte van 103 en 205 was geselekteer om onderskeidelik die
voorspeller metodes en SEV te ondersoek. Die moeder se antropometrie,
swangerskap weke en SEV was verkry gedurende onderhoude voor
geboorte. Informasie ingewin was gebruik om die SLMI en SRT te bereken en
om die SEV te ondersoek. Geboorteuitkomste was verkry vanaf die babas se kliniekkaarte en moeder-morbiditeite was verkry tydens onderhoude twee dae
na die geboorte.
Resultate:
Geen betekenisvolle assosiasie was gevind tussen SLMI, geboorteuitkomste
en moeder-morbiditeite nie. ‘n Betekenisvolle positiewe assosiasie was
gevind tussen SRT en die geboorte kopomtrek persentiel (r=0.22, p<0.05).
Hoe hoër die SRT, hoe hoër die risiko dat ‘n baba langer in die hospitaal sou
bly (Kruskal Wallis X2=4, p<0.05). ‘n Betekenisvolle positiewe assosiasie was
gevind tussen SLMI en die volgende SEV faktore: ouderdom (r=0.33, p<0.05),
lengte (r=0.15, p<0.05), pariteit (r=0.23, p<0.05), inkomste (r=0.2, p<0.05),
huwelikstatus (X2=9.35, p<0.05), besit van ‘n identiteitsdokument (U=1.75,
p<0.05), werkstatus (U=2.9, p<0.05) en MIV status (U=2.54, p<0.05). Geen
statisties beduidende verhoudings was gevind tussen swangerskap
hipertensie, swangerskap diabetes mellitus en SEV nie.
Gevolgtrekking
Sommige bevindinge van hierdie sub-studie dui op belowende resultate,
alhoewel dit steeds nie duidelik is watter metode die mees toepaslike is om
ongewenste geboorteuitkomste en moeder-morbiditeit te voorspel nie. Dit
word aanbeveel dat die SLMI en SRT eenmalige metodes herhaal word in ‘n
groter populasie om te sien of daar meer parameters is wat voorspel kan
word. Vroue wat ouer, korter, getroud, meer swangerskappe, MIV negatief en
‘n hoër sosio-ekonomiese status gehad het was geneig om ‘n hoër SLMI te
hê. Dit kan lei tot ongewenste geboorteuitkomste en verhoogde risiko om
moeder-morbiditeite en ander chroniese siektes later in hul lewe te ontwikkel.
Optimale voeding en gesondheidsbevordering strategieë wat vroue teiken
voor bevrugting behoort geïmplementeer te word.
50
Falla, Karen M. "The Relationship between Executive and Psychosocial Functioning in Children Treated for a Brain Tumor." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2848/.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the relationship between executive and psychosocial functioning in 45 children and adolescents age 6 to 17 years who had been treated for a brain tumor. Executive functioning deficits can profoundly impact an adult's ability to function successfully in life. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the potential impact of executive functioning deficits on the day-to-day functioning in a pediatric population. The domains of executive functioning assessed included cognitive flexibility, conceptual thinking, sustained attention, and response inhibition. Psychosocial functioning was assessed using both parent and child report. Several significant relationships were found for adolescents ages 15 and older, with effect sizes ranging from medium to large. In particular, cognitive flexibility and conceptual thinking were significantly related to parent report of depression and adaptive functioning. Fewer significant relationships with smaller effect sizes were found for younger children. The results may reflect the developmental emergence of executive functioning abilities and late effects of executive functioning deficits upon psychosocial functioning. The correlational design of this study precludes definitive statements regarding the temporal nature of the relationship. Additional research, including longitudinal research and replicatory studies, will be needed to further investigate the developmental consequences of executive functioning impairment.