Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pregnant women - Diseases

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Pregnant women - Diseases'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pregnant women - Diseases"

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Patnaik, Amar. "Structural Heart Diseases during Pregnancy: Part 1—Valvular Heart Diseases." Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS 03, no. 02/03 (August 2018): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676549.

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AbstractIt is estimated that about 3% pregnancies can have cardiac disease. There is wide variation in the spectrum of heart diseases. Pregnant women in India and other developing countries continue to show high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Pre-conception counseling based on a good echocardiographic evaluation is the most cost-effective method to prevent morbidity and mortality due to valvular heart disease. With advances in medical science, many with valvular heart disease are living to adulthood and undergoing successful pregnancy. Symptoms of a pregnant woman with a valvular disease depend on the altered hemodynamics of the specific valvular lesion in combination with the physiologic changes inherent to the pregnancy itself. A good echocardiographic evaluation of all pregnant women on their first visit to an obstetrician’s office is an effective strategy to prevent morbidity and mortality from valvular heart diseases. In general, the regurgitant lesions are well tolerated during pregnancy and labor. Asymptomatic but significant valve lesions can be decompensated by many factors. Severely stenosed mitral and, sometimes, aortic valve may have to be balloon-dilated by trained experts in midterm taking due care to avoid excess radiation. Valve surgery is rarely performed in absence of any other safer option. A multidisciplinary team approach is required to manage a pregnant woman with significant cardiac lesion with high-risk features and patients having mechanical valves that require continuous anticoagulation.
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Tsymmerman, Ya S., and E. N. Mikhaleva. "Possibilities of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of gastroenterological diseases during pregnancy." Herald of Pancreatic Club 47, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33149/vkp.2020.02.06.

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The article discusses the possibilities of modern pharmacotherapy of various gastroenterological pathologies of pregnant women. Having revealed the reasons for careful monitoring of prescribing drugs to pregnant women (thalimidomide tragedy), the authors cited the FDA classification of drug safety depending on the possibility of their use during pregnancy (A, B, C, D, X categories). Physiological changes in the basic biochemical parameters in pregnant women associated with neuroendocrine and metabolic processes are listed. Features of treatment of gastroesophageal disease are emphasized: the most optimal is the appointment of alginates and antacids. During pregnancy, Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy is impossible, as well as the appointment of M-anticholinergics, bismuth preparations, therefore, antacids, alginates, sucralfate may be recommended for pregnant women suffering from chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer. The only one proton pump inhibitor proven to be safe during pregnancy is the original omeprazole. Exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis is an indication for hospitalization of a pregnant woman in a hospital with a therapeutic profile, while acute pancreatitis must be treated in a surgical hospital after preliminary delivery. Features of damage to the hepatobiliary system during pregnancy are considered, possibility of bearing the fetus in autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis is emphasized. Indications for the appointment of various hepatoprotectors, glucocorticosteroids are listed. Management schemes for pregnant women with inflammatory bowel diseases are indicated with the primary use of sulfasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, steroids, infliximab.
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Klimov, Vladimir. "Dental care for pregnant women." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2002-06.

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Pregnant women are at risk for the development and progression of major dental diseases — caries and periodontal diseases. Dental pathology in pregnant women affects development of the fetus. An urgent task is to develop an algorithm for the effective and safe treatment of dental diseases in women at different stages of pregnancy, which will increase the level of effectiveness and safety of dental care provided by dentists of health care institutions of various forms of ownership.
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Sappenfield, Elisabeth, Denise J. Jamieson, and Athena P. Kourtis. "Pregnancy and Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/752852.

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To summarize the literature regarding susceptibility of pregnant women to infectious diseases and severity of resulting disease, we conducted a review using a PubMed search and other strategies. Studies were included if they reported information on infection risk or disease outcome in pregnant women. In all, 1454 abstracts were reviewed, and a total of 85 studies were included. Data were extracted regarding number of cases in pregnant women, rates of infection, risk factors for disease severity or complications, and maternal outcomes. The evidence indicates that pregnancy is associated with increased severity of some infectious diseases, such as influenza, malaria, hepatitis E, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection (risk for dissemination/hepatitis); there is also some evidence for increased severity of measles and smallpox. Disease severity seems higher with advanced pregnancy. Pregnant women may be more susceptible to acquisition of malaria, HIV infection, and listeriosis, although the evidence is limited. These results reinforce the importance of infection prevention as well as of early identification and treatment of suspected influenza, malaria, hepatitis E, and HSV disease during pregnancy.
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Stajic, Zoran, Zdravko Mijailovic, Mirjana Bogavac, Biljana Lazovic, and Maja Stojanovic. "Cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy and delivery." Medical review 66, no. 11-12 (2013): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1312507s.

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Introduction. Nowadays, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the current obstetric practice. Physiologically Adapted Mechanisms of the Cardiovascular System in Pregnancy. It is normal that during pregnancy some physiological adaptive changes of the cardiovascular system occur and they may contribute to the deterioration of the clinical cardiac status of a patient with preexisting or acquired cardiovascular disease. The most prominent adaptive mechanisms include the increase of circulating blood volume, decrease of peripheral vascular resistance and decrease of plasma colloid-oncotic pressure. Most Frequent Diseases of the Cardiovascular System in Pregnancy. Due to these changes, pregnant women are prone to tachycardia, palpitations and peripheral edema. Maternal counseling is obligatory for each pregnant woman in order to decrease the maternal morbidity and mortality. The most important predictors of maternal mortality for pregnant women with cardiovascular diseases are severity of pulmonary hypertension, hemodynamic significance of valvular lesion, cyanosis and functional status in heart failure. Cardiovascular diseases in pregnant women may be congenital or acquired. The most frequent congenital cardiac diseases are atrial and ventricular septal defects as well as persistent ductus arteriosus. These diseases are mainly diagnosed and corrected before the pregnancy, or left untreated if hemodynamically insignificant. The most frequent acquired cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy include arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease, rheumatic mitral stenosis and insufficiency, arterial hypertension and aortic dissection. Conclusion. In all cases of pregnancy associated with cardiovascular diseases, early recognition of cardiovascular disease is crucial, as well as correct diagnosis and referral to a tertiary centre equipped for a multidisciplinary approach of specialists experienced in high-risk pregnancies and deliveries in order to prevent maternal mortality.
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Likic-Ladjevic, Ivana, Rajka Argirovic, Sasa Kadija, Milica Maksimovic, Biljana Zivaljevic, and Milan Terzic. "Preoperative preparation of pregnant women." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 58, no. 2 (2011): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1102193l.

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All the elective surgeries are to be avoided during pregnancy and pregnant women should undergo only emergency surgical interventions. Pregnancy is associated with different physiological changes in the organism, which should be taken into account in preparative preparation of the pregnant women. Expanded body fluid volume leads to dilutional anemia, however other hematological disorders may be present as well. Extreme obesity is a frequent comorbidity, while hypertension is associated with the highest risks since it may lead to a life-threatening complication - eclampsia. As for other coexisting diseases, urinary tract infections and gestational diabetes are the most common as well as hyperthyroidism and other diseases that may also develop. The type and severity of the acute surgical disease, extensiveness of the planned surgery as well as the type of planned anesthesia to be applied, occasionally necessitate, depending on the gestational age, termination of pregnancy to be considered. Gynecological-obstetric consultations are mandatory in all surgical interventions planned in pregnant women.
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Golyanovskiy, О. V., N. E. Geints, V. V. Mekhedko, and S. V. Frolov. "Pregnancy-related liver pathology: hyperemesis gravidarum, cholestatic hepatosis of pregnancy, preeclampsia/eclampsia, HELLP-syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy." Reproductive health of woman 1 (February 26, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30841/2708-8731.1.2021.229699.

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Liver disease associated with pregnancy affects up to 3% of women and is a common cause of dysfunction during pregnancy. Severe liver dysfunction is associated with high rates of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality.Therefore, it is important to know about liver diseases the woman suffered before pregnancy in order to adequately manage the pregnancy and reduce the number of complications during delivery. Research and recent advances in medicine tend to improve the consequences, but so far they have not shown significant reduction of the maternal and perinatal morbidity rates against the background of this pathology. Liver diseases that are characteristic for pregnancy can be classified into those of early pregnancy (hyperemesis gravidarum) and those of late pregnancy (preeclampsia/eclampsia, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant women; hemolysis, increased activity of liver enzymes) HELLP-syndrome, acute fatty liver disease of pregnant women - AFLP, liver rupture / infarction).The results of modern studies used in the practice of medical care for pregnant women with concomitant pathology have significantly improved the pregnancy and delivery outcomes, but the number of complications among the mother and the fetus is still high. In this article, we offer an overview of liver diseases complicated by pregnancy with a detailed presentation of their aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. The risk groups of pregnant women with the potential possibility of liver dysfunction development have also been identified.
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Abdullaeva, N. A., V. I. Cherepova, O. L. Tovazhnyanska, and V. V. Lazurenko. "Clinical Case of Arteriovenous Malformation in a Pregnant Woman." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 5, no. 6 (December 12, 2020): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.06.088.

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Extragenital pathology during pregnancy and childbirth occupies a leading place in maternal mortality and perinatal pathology. One of the main ways to maintain the health of mother and child is to identify somatic diseases in pregnant women and timely treat them. Nervous system diseases that occur in pregnant women are mainly epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, cerebrovascular disorders, although remain poorly understood, but require immediate decisions to prolong pregnancy, obstetric tactics during childbirth, conservative or conservative surgery. The pathology of cerebral vessels (arterial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations) also remains an urgent problem, despite many years of experience in their diagnosis and treatment. The sudden development of symptoms, severity of clinical manifestations and high mortality in rupture of an aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation of cerebral vessels determine the urgency of this problem and increased interest in its study, especially in pregnant women. Material and methods. The paper presents a clinical case of arteriovenous malformation in a 25-year-old pregnant woman, her treatment and delivery. Results and discussion. Arteriovenous malformation is considered a congenital cerebrovascular pathology, which is accompanied by a sudden rupture of abnormal vessels with the development of hemorrhagic stroke, without specific clinical symptoms and precursors, which complicates lifelong diagnosis. Endovascular embolization during pregnancy saved the lives of women and children. An effective result was obtained after neurosurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformation in a pregnant woman in the second trimester of pregnancy (17 weeks), which allowed to bring the pregnancy to the physiological time of delivery. Taking into account the complex neurological pathology, neurosurgery, which requires the exclusion of a powerful period of childbirth, a pregnant woman gave birth by cesarean section at 38 weeks of pregnancy. Conclusion. An effective result was obtained after neurosurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformation in a pregnant woman in the second trimester of pregnancy, which allowed to bring the pregnancy to the physiological time of delivery. The obtained results indicated the possibility of full-term pregnancy, reduction of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in pregnant women with arteriovenous malformation with timely preventive and curative measures with timely referral of pregnant women to the perinatal center on the basis of a multidisciplinary clinical institution to prevent complications
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Sunyal, D. K., Md R. Amin, M. H. Molla, A. Ahmed, S. Begum, and Md A. Rahman. "Study of Forced Vital Capacity in Pregnant Women." Journal of Medical Science & Research 9, Number 2 (July 1, 2007): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/jmsr.2007.v0902.04.

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In the present study. Forced Vital Capacity (PVC) suit estimated in 100 women in Dingo city. For this purpose a total 100 women subjects with age ranged from 25 years to 35 years withow any recent history of respiratory diseases were selected. 75 normal pregnant women as experimental group and 25 healthy non-pregnant women as control. Eiperintemed group included 25 first trimester. 25 second trimester and 25 third trimester of pregnat women. The FVC was estimated by using a automatic spironteter during the first. second and third trimester of pregnant women and also in non-pregnant control. The mean of the measured values of PVC were analysed statistically. The PVC was significantly lower in third trimester of pregnant women than that of non-pregnant women. Again the FVC was significantly haver he third trimester than that of first trimester of pregnant women. There were no statistically significant difference of PVC bentren the nonpregnant and first trimester: ',email the non-pregnant and second trimester; henveen the first trimester and second trimester: and between the second ',integer and third trimester of pregnant women. h may be concluded dun the causes of progressively decreased FVC throughout the pregnancy were most likely to he mechanical effects of progressively increasing uterus that progressively decrease the hum rolume capacity.
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Katarzyńska-Konwa, Marta, Izabela Obersztyn, Agata Trzcionka, Katarzyna Mocny-Pachońska, Bartosz Mosler, and Marta Tanasiewicz. "Oral Status in Pregnant Women from Post-Industrial Areas of Upper Silesia in Reference to Occurrence of: Preterm Labors, Low Birth Weight and Type of Labor." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040528.

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Increased levels of steroid hormones, action of local irritants and the lack of proper hygiene measures are of great importance in the development of dental caries, gingivitis and inflammation of the periodontal area in pregnant women. The aim of the study was to evaluate the state of oral hygiene and the periodontal area is such a population and assess the effectiveness of performed hygiene treatments and analyse changes in hygiene habits after oral hygiene instructions. The study was performed in two parts on a group of 50 pregnant women. The first part took place between the 14th and 17th week of pregnancy. The control study was conducted between the 27th and 30th week of pregnancy. Patients were subjected to a dental examination. Poor oral hygiene was observed among the examined patients. After the first examination, oral hygiene instruction was provided to 25 randomly selected pregnant patients. The effect of periodontal diseases on the time of labor was observed. Oral hygiene instructions significantly affected the state of the periodontal area of pregnant women for whom it was performed. It was confirmed that the advancement of pregnancy influences deterioration of the periodontium and also term of childbirth. Undoubtedly, pregnant women receive insufficient dental care. Priority should be given to dental care education of for pregnant women and alleviating the impact of oral diseases on the organism of a pregnant woman.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pregnant women - Diseases"

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Tsun, Ka-lai Obe, and 秦家麗. "Cervical cytology screening in pregnant women." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4501100X.

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Kloprogge, Frank Lodewijk. "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimalarial drugs in pregnant women." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:79ce1a37-3ba2-45e4-9f80-0692a66837f1.

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Malaria is the most important parasitic disease in man and it kills approximately 2,000 people each day. Pregnant women are especially vulnerable to malaria with increased incidence and mortality rates. There are indications that pregnancy alters the pharmacokinetic properties of many antimalarial drugs. This is worrisome as lower drug exposures might result in lowered efficacy and lower drug exposures can also accelerate the development and spread of resistant parasites. The aim of this research was to study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria during the second and third trimester of pregnancy using a pharmacometric approach. This thesis presents a number of important findings that increase the current knowledge of antimalarial drug pharmacology and that may have an impact in terms of drug efficacy and resistance. (1) Lower lumefantrine plasma concentrations at day 7 were evident in pregnant women compared to that in non-pregnant patients. Subsequent in-silico simulations with the final pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic lumefantrine/desbutyl-lumefantrine model showed a decreased treatment failure rate after a proposed extended artemether-lumefantrine treatment. (2) Dihydroartemisinin exposure (after intravenous and oral administration of artesunate) was lower during pregnancy compared to that in women 3 months post-partum (same women without malaria). Consecutive in-silico simulations with the final model showed that the underexposure of dihydroartemisinin during pregnancy could be compensated by a 25% dose increase. (3) Artemether/dihydroartemisinin exposure in pregnant women was also lower compared to literature values in non-pregnant patients. This further supports the urgent need for a study in pregnant women with a non-pregnant control group. (4) Quinine pharmacokinetics was not affected by pregnancy trimester within the study population and a study with a non-pregnant control group is needed to evaluate the absolute effects of pregnancy. (5) Finally, a data-dependent power calculation methodology using the log likelihood ratio test was successfully used for sample size calculations of mixed pharmacokinetic study designs (i.e. sparsely and densely sampled patients). Such sample size calculations can contribute to a better design of future pharmacokinetic studies. In conclusion, this thesis showed lower exposures for drugs used to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. More pharmacokinetic studies in pregnant women with a non-pregnant control group are urgently needed to confirm the current findings and to enable an evidence-based dose optimisation. The data-dependent power calculation methodology using the log likelihood ratio test can contribute to an effective design of these future pharmacokinetic studies.
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Shipley, William. "Assessment of the effects of malaria and anemia in pregnant Malawian women before and after treatment of moderate malnutrition." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2182.

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ABSTRACT Assessment of the Effects of Malaria and Anemia in Pregnant Malawian Women Before and After Treatment of Moderate Malnutrition William Shipley Background: Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) can lead to adverse maternal and infant outcomes and possibly further complications. Supplementary foods or treatments with high quality nutrients should be administered to those with MAM in hopes to increase the chance of healthy maternal and infant outcomes. Sometimes supplementary food is not enough to overcome MAM and disease may play a role, particularly in pregnant malnourished women. Objective: To determine if the effects of malaria and anemia moderated the effect of nutritional treatments (one of the three given nutritional interventions) used to improve malnutrition and achieve a MUAC ≥ 23 cm during study participation. Additionally, this research serves to assess whether the relationship between malaria and anemia is associated with malnutrition status. Methods: Women were given a dose of IPTp at each antenatal visit between zero and four total IPTp doses. Infant anthropometrics – length, weight, head circumference, and MUAC were taken at birth, 6 weeks, and 3 months. Maternal hemoglobin levels were assessed at enrollment and after 10 weeks of enrollment as well as infant hemoglobin at 3 months. Anemia was defined by a hemoglobin less than 11.0 g/dL. Mild anemia was defined as hemoglobin greater than 7.0 but less than 9.9 g/dL and moderate anemia was defined by hemoglobin values 9.9 or greater but less than 11.0 g/dL. Analysis was completed using ANOVA, and if any significant differences were observed, they were compared via Tukey HSD (continuous) or Chi-squared test (categorical). Results: Total number of IPTp doses was found to be a more statistically significant predictor of maternal weight gain during treatment than timing of the doses. It stands to reason that women receiving three or more IPTp doses was the most beneficial for women during treatment as it saw the highest increases in maternal weight gain. At baseline, women that achieved a MUAC > 23 cm during the study was 32.0% (n = 1805). The greatest proportion of women, after adjustment, that achieved a MUAC ≥ 23 cm was seen in women receiving four (47.3 %) and three (37.8 %) total IPTp doses during pregnancy. Maternal weight gain correlated closely with hemoglobin at enrollment (p-value = 0.0111). Total number of IPTp doses received during pregnancy was not found to have a statistical effect on infant hemoglobin or anemia at three months. Infant length at six weeks was higher in infants from mothers that received two or three IPTp doses compared to mothers that received one IPTp dose (p-value = 0.0218). A p-value below 0.05 by total number of IPTp doses was observed for infant weight, head circumference, and MUAC at birth, six weeks, and three months. Conclusion: At least three IPTp was effective in improving maternal weight gain and achievement of MUAC > 23 cm as well as improved many infant outcomes. Hemoglobin at enrollment was a predictor of maternal weight gain during tx but was not associated with any other outcomes.
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Psaros, Christina Geller Pamela A. "Psychological processes involved in adherence to art and prenatal care utilization among HIV infected, pregnant women /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2808.

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Lima, Thais Marques. "Corrimentos vaginais em gestantes: uma comparaÃÃo da abordagem sindrÃmica com exames da prÃtica clinica da enfermagem." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7422.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Objetivou-se comparar os achados de infecÃÃes vaginais em gestantes obtidos por meio do fluxograma de corrimento vaginal com exames presentes na prÃtica clÃnica. O estudo foi do tipo avaliativo, com delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido no Centro de Parto Natural LÃgia Barros Costa em Fortaleza - CE, com amostra composta por 104 gestantes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista e exame ginecolÃgico de Janeiro a Julho de 2011. Foi realizada anÃlise estatÃstica, utilizando frequÃncia absoluta, mÃdia e Desvio PadrÃo. Realizou-se, tambÃm, testes de sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo, acurÃcia e as razÃes de verossimilhanÃa positiva e negativa, em que se estabeleceu significÃncia para valor de p<0,1. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comità de Ãtica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, conforme protocolo n 298/10. As gestantes apresentaram mÃdia de idade de 23,7 anos, parceria fixa (78; 75%), mÃdia de 12,3 anos de estudo e renda familiar entre um e dois salÃrios mÃnimos (59; 56,7%). A menarca ocorreu em mÃdia com 12,8 anos e a sexarca com 16 anos. NÃo apresentavam histÃria pregressa de IST (90; 86,5%) e nÃo realizavam exame citolÃgico periodicamente (58; 55,8%). Houve predomÃnio de mulheres multÃparas (58; 55,8%), com uma mÃdia de 20,24 semanas gestacionais. As queixas ginecolÃgicas mais predominantes foram: corrimento vaginal (87; 83,7%), odor de secreÃÃo vaginal (45; 43,3%), dispareunia (36; 34,6%), prurido (27; 26%), disÃria (12; 11,5%), sinusorragia (6; 5,8%) e febre (4; 3,9%). Encontrou-se uma prevalÃncia de 13,5% de positividade para pelo menos uma das trÃs infecÃÃes vaginais investigadas de acordo com o exame a fresco. Observou-se predominantemente o pH de valor 5 (50; 48,1%) e o teste de aminas negativo (66; 63,5%). O fluxograma nÃo se mostrou eficaz na identificaÃÃo de candidÃase, apresentando uma baixa sensibilidade (0,0%) e Valor Preditivo Positivo (0,0%), uma alta especificidade (97,9%), Valor Preditivo Negativo (90,2%) e acurÃcia (88,5%), alÃm de RazÃo de VerossimilhanÃa Positiva nula e RazÃo de VerossimilhanÃa Negativa igual a 1. Para tricomonÃase, apresentou baixa sensibilidade (50%), especificidade (46%), Valor Preditivo Positivo (3,6%) e acurÃcia (46,2%), um alto Valor Preditivo Negativo (95,8%), RazÃo de VerossimilhanÃa Positiva igual a 0,9 e RazÃo de VerossimilhanÃa Negativa de 1,08. Para vaginose bacteriana, mostrou-se satisfatÃrio, com uma alta sensibilidade (100%), Valor Preditivo Negativo (100%) e acurÃcia (74%), uma baixa sensibilidade (64%) e Valor Preditivo Positivo (51,8%), alÃm de RazÃo de VerossimilhanÃa Positiva igual a 2,7 e RazÃo de VerossimilhanÃa Negativa nula. Conclui-se que o emprego da abordagem sindrÃmica das infecÃÃes vaginais em gestantes precisa ser reavaliada, visto que o fluxograma nÃo foi eficaz em identificar infecÃÃes como candidÃase e tricomonÃase. Os esforÃos para o desenvolvimento de testes simples e mais acessÃveis devem ser contÃnuos. Entretanto, devem-se empregar tÃcnicas mais avanÃadas, como o exame a fresco, na prÃtica clÃnica, com intuito de aprimorar as prÃticas em saÃde sexual e reprodutiva, evitando a disseminaÃÃo de infecÃÃes, reduzindo tratamentos desnecessÃrios e melhorando a qualidade de vida das gestantes.
The aim was to compare the findings of vaginal infections in pregnant women obtained from the vaginal discharge flowchart with tests present in the clinical practice. This was an evaluation study, with a transversal delineation and quantitative boarding, developed in the Center of Natural Birth LÃgia Barros Costa in Fortaleza â CE, with a sample of 104 pregnant women. The data was collected through interviews and gynecological examination from January to July of 2011. Statistical analysis was carried through, using absolute and average frequency and Standard Deviation. It was also conducted tests of sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive and negative values, accuracy and reasons of positive and negative probability, where it was established a significance value of p< 0,1. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of the CearÃ, under the protocol n 298/10. The pregnant women presented an average age of 23,7 years, fixed partnership (78; 75%), average of 12,3 years of study and family income between one and two minimum wages (59; 56,7%). The menarche occurred with an average age of 12,8 years and the first sexual intercourse with 16 years. They did not present history of STDs (90; 86.5%) and did not take cytological examinations regularly (58; 55,8%). The majority of the women are multiparous (58; 55.8%), with an average of 20,24 weeks of gestation. The predominant gynecological complaints were: vaginal discharge (87; 83.7%), vaginal secretion odor (45; 43.3%), dyspareunia (36; 34.6%), itch (27; 26%), dysuria (12; 11.5%), sinusorragia (6; 5.8%) and fever (4; 3,9%). It was observed a prevalence of 13,5% of positivity for at least one of three vaginal infections investigated according to the fresh examination. It was observed predominantly a pH value of 5 (50; 48.1%) and whiff test negative (66; 63,5%). The flowchart did not reveal efficient in the identification of candidiasis, presenting a low sensitivity (0.0%) and positive predictive value (0.0%), a high specificity (97.9%), negative predictive value (90.2%) and accuracy (88.5%), as well as null positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio equal to 1. For trichomoniasis, it presented low sensitivity (50%), specificity (46%), positive predictive value (3.6%) and accuracy (46.2%), a high negative predictive value (95.8%), positive likelihood ratio equal to 0,9 and negativo likelihood ratio 1,08. For bacterial vaginosis, it revealed satisfactory, with a high sensitivity (100%), negative predictive value (100%) and accuracy (74%), a low sensitivity (64%) and positive predictive value (51.8%), as well as positive likelihood ratio equal to 2,7 and null negative likelihood ratio. In conclusion, the use of a syndromic boarding for vaginal infections in pregnant women needs to be reevaluated, since the flowchart was not efficient in identifying infections such as candidiasis and trichomoniasis. The efforts for the development of simple and accessible tests must be continuous. However, more advance and techniques, like the fresh examination, in the practical clinic, aiming to contribute to the improvement of the sexual health and reproductive practices, preventing the dissemination of infections, reducing unnecessary treatments and improving the quality of life of these women.
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HARUN-OR-RASHID, MD, UH FARIDA KHATUN, YOSHITOKU YOSHIDA, SATOSHI MORITA, NURUDDIN CHOWDHURY, and JUNICHI SAKAMOTO. "IRON AND IODINE DEFICIENCIES AMONG UNDER-2 CHILDREN, ADOLESCENT GIRLS, AND PREGNANT WOMEN OF BANGLADESH: ASSOCIATION WITH COMMON DISEASES." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11335.

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Dourado, Bianca Maria Ramos. "Doença periodontal em gestantes e repercussões gestacionais e ao recém-nascido." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/155852.

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Orientador: Cátia Regina Branco da Fonseca
Resumo: A Doença Periodontal na gestação desencadeia uma resposta imunológica exacerbada com altas concentrações locais e sistêmicas de marcadores inflamatórios. Objetivo: Investigar a repercussão da Doença Periodontal (DP) na gestante e suas complicações na gestação e no momento do parto, bem como desfechos negativos para o recém-nascido (RN) (infecção, prematuridade, baixo peso, restrição de crescimento fetal). Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, a partir de registros de prontuários médicos de 142 gestantes atendidas em serviço de pré-natal de risco habitual entre 2012-2014, com avaliação odontológica para DP. Foram analisadas variáveis maternas gestacionais, do parto e do recém-nascido. Os RN foram estratificados em dois grupos: filhos de mães com DP (subdividido para Doença Periodontal grave -DPG) e, filhos de mães sem DP. Cada desfecho foi ajustado por um modelo de regressão logística múltipla, com significância se p<0,05, considerando todos os potenciais confundidores. Resultados: Observou-se entre as mulheres com diagnóstico de DPG o aumento de chance de vulvovaginite 3,45 vezes maior (OR=3,45; p=0,050) e de RPM 5,59 vezes maior (OR=5,59; p=0,017). Nos recém-nascidos, a chance de haver restrição de crescimento fetal foi 11,53 vezes maior nas gestantes com DPG (OR = 11,53; p=0,041). Conclusão: A Doença Periodontal aumentou a chance para desfechos neonatais e maternos negativos, sendo estes o recém-nascido nascer com restrição de crescimento fetal e a gestante apresentar vul... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Periodontal Disease on pregnancy triggers an intense immunological response with high levels of local and systemic concentration of stress biomarkers. Objective: To investigate the repercussion of periodontal disease (PD) on the pregnant woman and complications during pregnancy and delivery as well, negative outcomes for the newborn (infection, prematurity, low weight, fetal growth restriction). Method: Retrospective cohort study, based on records of medical records of 142 pregnant women attended at prenatal service at usual risk between 2012-2014, with odontological evaluation for PD. Gestational maternal, labor and newborn variables were analyzed. The newborns were stratified into two groups: newborns mothers with PD (subdivided for severe periodontal disease - SPD) and newborns mothers without PD. Each outcome was adjusted by a multiple logistic regression model, with significance if p <0.05, considering all potential confounders. Results: Was increased among women exposed the SPD the odds of vulvovaginitis was 3.45 times higher (OR = 3.45; p=0.050) and of PMR was 5.59 times higher (OR=5.59; p=0.017). In the newborn of mothers exposed the SPD, the increase in odds of the fetal growth restriction was 11.53 times higher (OR=11.53; p= 0.041). Conclusion: Periodontal disease increased the chance for neonatal and maternal negative outcomes, such as fetal growth restriction in the newborn and vulvovaginitis and premature rupture of the membrane in the pregnant woman in the p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Graner, Sophie. "Reproductive outcomes in rural Vietnam. Perspectives and experiences by pregnant women and health care professionals on pregnancy promotion and maternal health care." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-37266.

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Background Reproductive health and health events associated with pregnancy including induced abortions are among the most important factors for the health of fertile women. Adverse outcomes have an impact on women’s reproductive health and their overall health as well as the health of their offspring. Pregnancy and child bearing take place within a cultural context. Risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes depend on factors both associated with the individual woman as well as contextual factors. Aims This thesis investigates reproductive health indicators and their determinants for women in a rural district in Vietnam with special focus on adverse pregnancy outcomes and their determinants. In addition, this thesis explores the perspectives and experiences among pregnant women and health care professionals on maternal health care in Vietnam and risks during pregnancy and delivery. Methods The studies used quantitative and qualitative methods.  In the quantitative studies a total of 4,396 women reporting 5,838 pregnancies, and 5,521 infants were included. Parametric and non parametric tests and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.   For the estimation of small for gestational age a population-specific reference curve was constructed based on the mean birth weight at term in the study population. In the qualitative studies data were collected from eight focus group discussions, four with pregnant women and four with health care professionals. Manifest and latent content analysis was applied.  Main findings Women belonging to an ethnic minority or women giving birth at home were at increased risk of stillbirth.  The risk of induced abortion increased with maternal age. Neonatal mortality was estimated to 11.6 per 1000 live births and perinatal mortality to 25.0 per 1000 births. The prevalence of small for gestational age was estimated to 6.4%. Risk factors for small for gestational age included women in farming occupations and post-term birth. There was a marked decrease in perinatal mortality after 33 weeks of gestation. Contextual conditions influenced both pregnant women’s use of maternal health care and the performance of the health care professionals. The use of maternal health care was influenced by economical conditions as well as cultural norms that impeded women’s autonomy. Structural constraints included inadequate financing of the health system, including lack of staff, insufficient professional re-training, and inadequate equipment. Pregnant women in rural Vietnam created a strategy to promote a healthy pregnancy through lifestyle adjustments, gathering of information, and seeking timely medical care. Insights in pregnancy-related conditions were sought from various sources and were influenced both by Vietnamese traditions and modern medical knowledge. Conclusions Knowledge about pregnancy complications and their related signs and symptoms, and a high confidence in the maternal health care probably contribute to the relatively good maternal health status and pregnancy outcomes in Vietnam. To improve perinatal and neonatal outcomes there is a need to ensure access for all pregnant women to delivery units with surgical capacity in case of an obstetrical emergency. Also, a higher proportion of premature infants need to be born at units with access to neonatal care. This may be achieved by an improved system for referral including capacity of medical care during transportation. Other desirable improvements include antenatal identification of small for gestational age foetuses. In our study the induced abortion rate increased with maternal age and was highest among married women, indicating that induced abortions may be used as a method for family planning. The cultural norms in Vietnam limit women’s autonomy and reduce their possibility to make independent decisions about their reproductive health. Our studies emphasize the importance of adequate access for all women to maternal health care adjusted for their individual needs. A better understanding is needed of context-specific factors that influence couples’ choice of family planning methods, place of birth, and maternal health care. The communication between pregnant women and health care professionals needs further investigation. This knowledge is essential in order to develop reproductive health services that are accessible, acceptable and affordable to all.
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Capan, Melser Mesküre Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kremsner. "Endemic infectious diseases in pregnant women in central African Gabon : Epidemiology and Evaluation of new Interventions / Mesküre Capan Melser ; Akademischer Betreuer: Peter G. Kremsner." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1168057876/34.

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Capan, Melser Mesküre [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Kremsner. "Endemic infectious diseases in pregnant women in central African Gabon : Epidemiology and Evaluation of new Interventions / Mesküre Capan Melser ; Akademischer Betreuer: Peter G. Kremsner." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1168057876/34.

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Books on the topic "Pregnant women - Diseases"

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Mauriceau, François. The diseases of women with child, and in child-bed. New York: Garland Pub., 1985.

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Pavlović, Predrag. Kardiovaskularna oboljenja i trudnoća. Beograd: Predrag Pavlović, 2008.

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Pottinger, Stanley. The last Nazi. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2003.

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Cohn, Barbara A. Women's reproductive health in California: Too little, too late? [California]: California Elected Women's Association for Education and Research, 1993.

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Koren, Gideon. The complete guide to everyday risks in pregnancy & breastfeeding: Answers to your questions about morning sickness, medications, herbs, diseases, chemical exposures & more. Toronto: R. Rose, 2004.

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Fisher, Carrie. Delusions of Grandma. New York: Simon& Schuster, 1994.

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Delusions of grandma. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.

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Delusions of Grandma. NewYork: Simon & Schuster, 1994.

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Delusions of grandma. New York: Pocket Books, 1995.

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Sawhney, Sujata, and Shefali K. Sharma. Rheumatic diseases in women and children: Current perspectives. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pregnant women - Diseases"

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Gronthoud, Firza Alexander. "Antimicrobials in Pregnant Women." In Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 92–94. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315194080-3-4.

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Eliseev, Oleg M. "Management of Pregnant Women with Heart Disease." In Cardiovascular Diseases and Pregnancy, 98–120. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73605-6_10.

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Sencha, Alexander N., and Ella Penyaeva. "Breast Diseases in Pregnant Women: Possibilities of Ultrasound Diagnostics." In Multiparametric Ultrasound Diagnosis of Breast Diseases, 193–214. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75034-7_7.

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Heathcote, E. Jenny. "Liver Disease in Pregnant Women." In Hepatology: Diagnosis and Clinical Management, 367–82. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118314968.ch24.

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Campagnoli, Thalmon R., and William E. Smiddy. "Vision Changes in a Pregnant Woman." In Manual of Retinal Diseases, 601–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20460-4_116.

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Kaplan, Tamara B., and Riley Bove. "Demyelinating Disease and Pregnancy." In Neurology and Psychiatry of Women, 145–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04245-5_17.

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Miller, Erica O., Stephanie J. Carter, and Sabu Thomas. "Heart Disease in Pregnancy." In Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women, 289–318. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5517-1_14.

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Eliseev, Oleg M. "Labor and Termination of Pregnancy in Women with Cardiovascular Diseases." In Cardiovascular Diseases and Pregnancy, 121–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73605-6_11.

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Lyons, G. "Anaesthesia in pregnant women with neurological disease." In Anaesthesia, Pain, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine — A.P.I.C.E., 971–78. Milano: Springer Milan, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2215-7_26.

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Gilstrap, Lauren G., Malissa J. Wood, and Malissa J. Wood. "Cardiovascular Disease in Women and Pregnancy." In MGH Cardiology Board Review, 205–23. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4483-0_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pregnant women - Diseases"

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Сандуляк, Т. В. "ПОПЕРЕДЖУВАНІСТЬ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ І ВІДВОРОТНІСТЬ ПРИЧИН СМЕРТІ ПЕРЕДЧАСНО НАРОДЖЕНИХ ДІТЕЙ З ВНУТРІШНЬОУТРОБНОЮ ІНФЕКЦІЄЮ." In International Trends in Science and Technology. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/30122020/7349.

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We carried out research about disease prevention and avoiding of death causes in premature babies with different body masses and intrauterine infections at the modern perinatal center. Under conditions of help localization to pregnant women and newborns and implementation of acknowledged standards of the evidence-based medicine and perinatal strategies of health care to mother and child, we found out some demographic changes in the structure of birth giving, diseases and death of premature babies. Although there is a significant improvement of medical care quality to pregnant women and newborns, as well as an increase in the survival rate among premature newborns with very little and extremely little body masses, a number of newborns has grown who suffered from long-lasting infections and hypoxi before birth, which caused negative disease side-effects
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Diana, Sulis, Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni, and Budi Prasetyo. "Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Incidence of Pre-eclampsy in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.82.

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ABSTRACT Background: The prevalence of preeclampsia is around 5-8% of all diseases that occur during pregnancy. There was an increase from 10.5% of women with OSA in the first trimester to 26.7% in the third trimester. This study aimed to investigate the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching the articles from PubMed and Google Scholar databases published between 2015 to 2019. An obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) analysis was performed. Sensitivity analysis was performed to identify designs, summary results and publication estimates. Results: As many as 15 studies with a total of 1,837 subjects were included. OSA during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. The selected studies were conducted in observational designs. The existing studies showed that maternal OSA was significantly associated with preeclampsia (aOR= 1.96; 95% CI= 1.30 to 2.42). Conclusion: There is the adverse relationship of OSA and preeclampsia. OSA increases the risk of multiple pregnancy and perinatal complications. Keywords: preeclampsia, OSA, pregnancy Correspondence: Sulis Diana. Doctoral Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java. Email: Diana.sulis6@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282234209942. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.82
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Zobova, D. A., S. A. Kozlov, E. A. Zhivechkova, and T. I. Shishkanova. "Outcomes of labor in pregnant women with cardiovascular diseases in Republic of Mordovia." In ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-10-2018-154.

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Ribeiro Roda, Juliana, and HELAINE MARIA BESTETI PIRES. "Evaluation of pregnant women with congenital heart diseases: maternal evolution and perinatal outcomes." In XXV Congresso de Iniciação Cientifica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2017-78877.

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Troncoso, Jorge Álvarez, Edurne Hueso Zalvide, Nuria Martínez Sánchez, Germán Daroca Bengoa, Luis Ramos Ruperto, and Ángel Robles Marhuenda. "FRI0663 TREATMENT WITH BIOLOGIC DRUGS OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, EXPERIENCE OF A REFERENCE CENTER IN HIGH RISK PREGNANCY AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.5063.

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Ayu Fazraningtyas, Winda, Fitri Yuliana, Agnes Christie Rinda, and Haipa Haipa. "Relationship Of LILA And IMT With The Incidence Of Anemia In Pregnant Women At Sungai Bilu Public Health Center Banjarmasin." In 2nd Sari Mulia International Conference on Health and Sciences 2017 (SMICHS 2017) � One Health to Address the Problem of Tropical Infectious Diseases in Indonesia. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/smichs-17.2017.62.

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Chung, M. K., J. Lee, E. H. Ha, and J. Y. Shin. "AB1315 Medication use among pregnant women with rheumatic diseases in korea based on the national health insurance service-national sample cohort." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.5123.

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Fitria, Nurhidaya, and Ida Lestari Tampubolon. "The Effect of Ginger Extract Consumption on Reducing Morning Sickness in First Trimester of Pregnant Women at Pratama Mariana Clinic Medan, North Sumatra." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.44.

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ABSTRACT Background: Nausea and vomiting are common in pregnant women, and the condition may be a mild or severe disabling disease. Nausea and vomiting are common in the early stages of pregnancy, affecting 70-80% of pregnant mothers. In most women, vomiting begins between 4-7 weeks of pregnancy. Nausea and vomiting are usually mild and self-limiting, but some mothers have a deeper course and cause pregnancy vomiting. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of ginger extract consumption on reducing morning sickness in first trimester of pregnant women at Pratama Mariana Clinic Medan, North Sumatra. Subject and Method: This was a quasi experiment study with pretest-posttest control group design conducted in Pratama Mariana Clinic, Medan from July to August 2018. A sample of 15 pregnant women. The dependent variable was emesis gravidarum. The independent variable was extract of ginger. The data were collected by observation and analyzed by wilcoxon test. Result: The extract of ginger is effective to reduce nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnancy women after ginger extract was given (Mean= 1.93; SD= 0.26) was higher than before (Mean= 1.20; SD= 0.41), and it was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: The extract of ginger is effective to reduce nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnancy women after ginger extract Keywords: Emesis gravidarum, extract of ginger Correspondence: Nurhidaya Fitria. Helvetia Institute of Health, Sumatera Utara. Email: nurhidayafitria@gmail.com. Mobile: 082385317328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.44
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Young, Gary C., and Robert Carlson. "Flow and Heat Transfer Through Helix Tubular Coils Theory and Practice for Pasteurization and Sterilization and Potential for the Citrus Industry." In ASME 2002 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2002-4803.

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Pathogens are becoming more important than they have in the past. This is due to many factors, including the critical segments of the population (young, elderly, pregnant women, and individuals without natural immunity) now make-up 25% of the population. Analytical techniques are refined so that illnesses and their sources can be identified. Obviously, in the past, many sick people either were not treated and it was not proven why they were sick, or, they passed away and their death was termed “due to natural causes.” Also, the types of organisms that cause food-borne diseases of one type or another have increased over the years. At one time, organisms such as E. coli were simply an indicator of unsanitary conditions or fecal material. Now small numbers of certain strains of E. coli can cause severe illnesses and death. Paper published with permission.
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Declerck, P. J., M. C. Alessi, M. Verstreken, E. K. O. Kruithof, I. Juhan-Vague, and D. Collen. "MEASUREMENT OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1 (PAI-1) IN PLASMA WITH AN ELISA BASED ON TWO MURINE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644449.

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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) was developed, based on two murine monoclonal antibodies (MA-7D4B7 and MA-7F5), raised against purified PAI-1 from HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells, which react with non-overlapping epitopes. MA-7D4B7 was coated on microtiter plates and bound PAI-1 antigen was quantitated with MA-7F5 conjugated with horseradish peroxidase.In normal plasma, collected on citrate at pH 7.4, the PAI-1 level is 27 ± 16 ng/ml (mean ± SD, n=ll), with a corresponding value of 19 ± 11 ng/ml (n=12) in plasma collected on acid citrate pH 4.5, which inhibits the release of PAI-1 from platelets. The lower limit of the assay in plasma is 2 ng/ml; the intra-assay, inter-assay and inter-dilution coefficients of variation are 5.2%, 8.0% and 7.1% respectively.This ELISA was used to measure PAI-1 levels in plasma (collected on citrate, pH 7.4) of non-pregnant women and of women at different stages of pregnancy. A progressive increase is observed : before: 20±9 ng/ml, n=7; first trimester: 25 ± 12 ng/ml, n=5; second trimester: 40 ± 25 ng/ml, n=ll; third trimester: 98 ± 46 ng/ml, n=13. A correlation coefficient of 0.70 is found between the duration of pregnancy and the PAI-1 level.Preliminary data indicate that the PAI-1 antigen level is increased in several disease states, including myocardial infarction and deep vein thrombosis.Thus, this newly developed ELISA allows a direct measurement of the fast-acting inhibitor of plasminogen activator in plasma. Application of this assay to plasma of non-pregnant and pregnant women substantiates previous results obtained with the use of functional assays. In order to quantitate PAI-1 antigen circulating in plasma, blood should be collected under conditions that prevent platelet stimulation.
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Reports on the topic "Pregnant women - Diseases"

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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.

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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.
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Gidengil, Courtney, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Margaret Maglione, Sydne J. Newberry, Peggy Chen, Kelsey O’Hollaren, Nabeel Qureshi, et al. Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States: An Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer244.

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Objective. To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the safety of vaccines recommended for routine immunization in the United States, updating the 2014 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report on the topic. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, Embase®, CINAHL®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus through November 9, 2020, building on the prior 2014 report; reviewed existing reviews, trial registries, and supplemental material submitted to AHRQ; and consulted with experts. Review methods. This report addressed three Key Questions (KQs) on the safety of vaccines currently in use in the United States and included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) recommended immunization schedules for adults (KQ1), children and adolescents (KQ2), and pregnant women (KQ3). The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel that identified key adverse events of particular concern. Two reviewers independently screened publications; data were extracted by an experienced subject matter expert. Studies of vaccines that used a comparator and reported the presence or absence of adverse events were eligible. We documented observed rates and assessed the relative risks for key adverse events. We assessed the strength of evidence (SoE) across the existing findings from the prior 2014 report and the new evidence from this update. The systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180089). Results. A large body of evidence is available to evaluate adverse events following vaccination. Of 56,608 reviewed citations, 189 studies met inclusion criteria for this update, adding to data in the prior 2014 report, for a total of 338 included studies reported in 518 publications. Regarding vaccines recommended for adults (KQ1), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence in this update, including for newer vaccines such as recombinant influenza vaccine, adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine, and recombinant adjuvanted zoster vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted a signal for anaphylaxis for hepatitis B vaccines in adults with yeast allergy and for tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for children and adolescents (KQ2), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence, including for newer vaccines such as 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine and meningococcal B vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted signals for rare adverse events—such as anaphylaxis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and febrile seizures—with some childhood vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for pregnant women (KQ3), we found no evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE among either pregnant women or their infants following administration of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines during pregnancy. Conclusion. Across this large body of research, we found no new evidence of increased risk since the prior 2014 report for key adverse events following administration of vaccines that are routinely recommended. Signals from the prior report remain unchanged for rare adverse events, which include anaphylaxis in adults and children, and febrile seizures and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. There is no evidence of increased risk of adverse events for vaccines currently recommended in pregnant women. There remains insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about some rare potential adverse events.
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Women with kidney disease can be given a personal risk assessment for pregnancy, following new research. National Institute for Health Research, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/alert_46785.

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