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1
Patnaik, Amar. "Structural Heart Diseases during Pregnancy: Part 1—Valvular Heart Diseases." Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS 03, no. 02/03 (August 2018): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676549.
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AbstractIt is estimated that about 3% pregnancies can have cardiac disease. There is wide variation in the spectrum of heart diseases. Pregnant women in India and other developing countries continue to show high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Pre-conception counseling based on a good echocardiographic evaluation is the most cost-effective method to prevent morbidity and mortality due to valvular heart disease. With advances in medical science, many with valvular heart disease are living to adulthood and undergoing successful pregnancy. Symptoms of a pregnant woman with a valvular disease depend on the altered hemodynamics of the specific valvular lesion in combination with the physiologic changes inherent to the pregnancy itself. A good echocardiographic evaluation of all pregnant women on their first visit to an obstetrician’s office is an effective strategy to prevent morbidity and mortality from valvular heart diseases. In general, the regurgitant lesions are well tolerated during pregnancy and labor. Asymptomatic but significant valve lesions can be decompensated by many factors. Severely stenosed mitral and, sometimes, aortic valve may have to be balloon-dilated by trained experts in midterm taking due care to avoid excess radiation. Valve surgery is rarely performed in absence of any other safer option. A multidisciplinary team approach is required to manage a pregnant woman with significant cardiac lesion with high-risk features and patients having mechanical valves that require continuous anticoagulation.
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Tsymmerman, Ya S., and E. N. Mikhaleva. "Possibilities of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of gastroenterological diseases during pregnancy." Herald of Pancreatic Club 47, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33149/vkp.2020.02.06.
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The article discusses the possibilities of modern pharmacotherapy of various gastroenterological pathologies of pregnant women. Having revealed the reasons for careful monitoring of prescribing drugs to pregnant women (thalimidomide tragedy), the authors cited the FDA classification of drug safety depending on the possibility of their use during pregnancy (A, B, C, D, X categories). Physiological changes in the basic biochemical parameters in pregnant women associated with neuroendocrine and metabolic processes are listed. Features of treatment of gastroesophageal disease are emphasized: the most optimal is the appointment of alginates and antacids. During pregnancy, Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy is impossible, as well as the appointment of M-anticholinergics, bismuth preparations, therefore, antacids, alginates, sucralfate may be recommended for pregnant women suffering from chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer. The only one proton pump inhibitor proven to be safe during pregnancy is the original omeprazole. Exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis is an indication for hospitalization of a pregnant woman in a hospital with a therapeutic profile, while acute pancreatitis must be treated in a surgical hospital after preliminary delivery. Features of damage to the hepatobiliary system during pregnancy are considered, possibility of bearing the fetus in autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis is emphasized. Indications for the appointment of various hepatoprotectors, glucocorticosteroids are listed. Management schemes for pregnant women with inflammatory bowel diseases are indicated with the primary use of sulfasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, steroids, infliximab.
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Klimov, Vladimir. "Dental care for pregnant women." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2002-06.
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Pregnant women are at risk for the development and progression of major dental diseases — caries and periodontal diseases. Dental pathology in pregnant women affects development of the fetus. An urgent task is to develop an algorithm for the effective and safe treatment of dental diseases in women at different stages of pregnancy, which will increase the level of effectiveness and safety of dental care provided by dentists of health care institutions of various forms of ownership.
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Sappenfield, Elisabeth, Denise J. Jamieson, and Athena P. Kourtis. "Pregnancy and Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/752852.
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To summarize the literature regarding susceptibility of pregnant women to infectious diseases and severity of resulting disease, we conducted a review using a PubMed search and other strategies. Studies were included if they reported information on infection risk or disease outcome in pregnant women. In all, 1454 abstracts were reviewed, and a total of 85 studies were included. Data were extracted regarding number of cases in pregnant women, rates of infection, risk factors for disease severity or complications, and maternal outcomes. The evidence indicates that pregnancy is associated with increased severity of some infectious diseases, such as influenza, malaria, hepatitis E, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection (risk for dissemination/hepatitis); there is also some evidence for increased severity of measles and smallpox. Disease severity seems higher with advanced pregnancy. Pregnant women may be more susceptible to acquisition of malaria, HIV infection, and listeriosis, although the evidence is limited. These results reinforce the importance of infection prevention as well as of early identification and treatment of suspected influenza, malaria, hepatitis E, and HSV disease during pregnancy.
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Stajic, Zoran, Zdravko Mijailovic, Mirjana Bogavac, Biljana Lazovic, and Maja Stojanovic. "Cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy and delivery." Medical review 66, no. 11-12 (2013): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1312507s.
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Introduction. Nowadays, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the current obstetric practice. Physiologically Adapted Mechanisms of the Cardiovascular System in Pregnancy. It is normal that during pregnancy some physiological adaptive changes of the cardiovascular system occur and they may contribute to the deterioration of the clinical cardiac status of a patient with preexisting or acquired cardiovascular disease. The most prominent adaptive mechanisms include the increase of circulating blood volume, decrease of peripheral vascular resistance and decrease of plasma colloid-oncotic pressure. Most Frequent Diseases of the Cardiovascular System in Pregnancy. Due to these changes, pregnant women are prone to tachycardia, palpitations and peripheral edema. Maternal counseling is obligatory for each pregnant woman in order to decrease the maternal morbidity and mortality. The most important predictors of maternal mortality for pregnant women with cardiovascular diseases are severity of pulmonary hypertension, hemodynamic significance of valvular lesion, cyanosis and functional status in heart failure. Cardiovascular diseases in pregnant women may be congenital or acquired. The most frequent congenital cardiac diseases are atrial and ventricular septal defects as well as persistent ductus arteriosus. These diseases are mainly diagnosed and corrected before the pregnancy, or left untreated if hemodynamically insignificant. The most frequent acquired cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy include arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease, rheumatic mitral stenosis and insufficiency, arterial hypertension and aortic dissection. Conclusion. In all cases of pregnancy associated with cardiovascular diseases, early recognition of cardiovascular disease is crucial, as well as correct diagnosis and referral to a tertiary centre equipped for a multidisciplinary approach of specialists experienced in high-risk pregnancies and deliveries in order to prevent maternal mortality.
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Likic-Ladjevic, Ivana, Rajka Argirovic, Sasa Kadija, Milica Maksimovic, Biljana Zivaljevic, and Milan Terzic. "Preoperative preparation of pregnant women." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 58, no. 2 (2011): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1102193l.
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All the elective surgeries are to be avoided during pregnancy and pregnant women should undergo only emergency surgical interventions. Pregnancy is associated with different physiological changes in the organism, which should be taken into account in preparative preparation of the pregnant women. Expanded body fluid volume leads to dilutional anemia, however other hematological disorders may be present as well. Extreme obesity is a frequent comorbidity, while hypertension is associated with the highest risks since it may lead to a life-threatening complication - eclampsia. As for other coexisting diseases, urinary tract infections and gestational diabetes are the most common as well as hyperthyroidism and other diseases that may also develop. The type and severity of the acute surgical disease, extensiveness of the planned surgery as well as the type of planned anesthesia to be applied, occasionally necessitate, depending on the gestational age, termination of pregnancy to be considered. Gynecological-obstetric consultations are mandatory in all surgical interventions planned in pregnant women.
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Golyanovskiy, О. V., N. E. Geints, V. V. Mekhedko, and S. V. Frolov. "Pregnancy-related liver pathology: hyperemesis gravidarum, cholestatic hepatosis of pregnancy, preeclampsia/eclampsia, HELLP-syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy." Reproductive health of woman 1 (February 26, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30841/2708-8731.1.2021.229699.
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Liver disease associated with pregnancy affects up to 3% of women and is a common cause of dysfunction during pregnancy. Severe liver dysfunction is associated with high rates of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality.Therefore, it is important to know about liver diseases the woman suffered before pregnancy in order to adequately manage the pregnancy and reduce the number of complications during delivery. Research and recent advances in medicine tend to improve the consequences, but so far they have not shown significant reduction of the maternal and perinatal morbidity rates against the background of this pathology. Liver diseases that are characteristic for pregnancy can be classified into those of early pregnancy (hyperemesis gravidarum) and those of late pregnancy (preeclampsia/eclampsia, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant women; hemolysis, increased activity of liver enzymes) HELLP-syndrome, acute fatty liver disease of pregnant women - AFLP, liver rupture / infarction).The results of modern studies used in the practice of medical care for pregnant women with concomitant pathology have significantly improved the pregnancy and delivery outcomes, but the number of complications among the mother and the fetus is still high. In this article, we offer an overview of liver diseases complicated by pregnancy with a detailed presentation of their aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. The risk groups of pregnant women with the potential possibility of liver dysfunction development have also been identified.
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Abdullaeva, N. A., V. I. Cherepova, O. L. Tovazhnyanska, and V. V. Lazurenko. "Clinical Case of Arteriovenous Malformation in a Pregnant Woman." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 5, no. 6 (December 12, 2020): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.06.088.
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Extragenital pathology during pregnancy and childbirth occupies a leading place in maternal mortality and perinatal pathology. One of the main ways to maintain the health of mother and child is to identify somatic diseases in pregnant women and timely treat them. Nervous system diseases that occur in pregnant women are mainly epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, cerebrovascular disorders, although remain poorly understood, but require immediate decisions to prolong pregnancy, obstetric tactics during childbirth, conservative or conservative surgery. The pathology of cerebral vessels (arterial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations) also remains an urgent problem, despite many years of experience in their diagnosis and treatment. The sudden development of symptoms, severity of clinical manifestations and high mortality in rupture of an aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation of cerebral vessels determine the urgency of this problem and increased interest in its study, especially in pregnant women. Material and methods. The paper presents a clinical case of arteriovenous malformation in a 25-year-old pregnant woman, her treatment and delivery. Results and discussion. Arteriovenous malformation is considered a congenital cerebrovascular pathology, which is accompanied by a sudden rupture of abnormal vessels with the development of hemorrhagic stroke, without specific clinical symptoms and precursors, which complicates lifelong diagnosis. Endovascular embolization during pregnancy saved the lives of women and children. An effective result was obtained after neurosurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformation in a pregnant woman in the second trimester of pregnancy (17 weeks), which allowed to bring the pregnancy to the physiological time of delivery. Taking into account the complex neurological pathology, neurosurgery, which requires the exclusion of a powerful period of childbirth, a pregnant woman gave birth by cesarean section at 38 weeks of pregnancy. Conclusion. An effective result was obtained after neurosurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformation in a pregnant woman in the second trimester of pregnancy, which allowed to bring the pregnancy to the physiological time of delivery. The obtained results indicated the possibility of full-term pregnancy, reduction of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in pregnant women with arteriovenous malformation with timely preventive and curative measures with timely referral of pregnant women to the perinatal center on the basis of a multidisciplinary clinical institution to prevent complications
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Sunyal, D. K., Md R. Amin, M. H. Molla, A. Ahmed, S. Begum, and Md A. Rahman. "Study of Forced Vital Capacity in Pregnant Women." Journal of Medical Science & Research 9, Number 2 (July 1, 2007): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/jmsr.2007.v0902.04.
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In the present study. Forced Vital Capacity (PVC) suit estimated in 100 women in Dingo city. For this purpose a total 100 women subjects with age ranged from 25 years to 35 years withow any recent history of respiratory diseases were selected. 75 normal pregnant women as experimental group and 25 healthy non-pregnant women as control. Eiperintemed group included 25 first trimester. 25 second trimester and 25 third trimester of pregnat women. The FVC was estimated by using a automatic spironteter during the first. second and third trimester of pregnant women and also in non-pregnant control. The mean of the measured values of PVC were analysed statistically. The PVC was significantly lower in third trimester of pregnant women than that of non-pregnant women. Again the FVC was significantly haver he third trimester than that of first trimester of pregnant women. There were no statistically significant difference of PVC bentren the nonpregnant and first trimester: ',email the non-pregnant and second trimester; henveen the first trimester and second trimester: and between the second ',integer and third trimester of pregnant women. h may be concluded dun the causes of progressively decreased FVC throughout the pregnancy were most likely to he mechanical effects of progressively increasing uterus that progressively decrease the hum rolume capacity.
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Katarzyńska-Konwa, Marta, Izabela Obersztyn, Agata Trzcionka, Katarzyna Mocny-Pachońska, Bartosz Mosler, and Marta Tanasiewicz. "Oral Status in Pregnant Women from Post-Industrial Areas of Upper Silesia in Reference to Occurrence of: Preterm Labors, Low Birth Weight and Type of Labor." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040528.
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Increased levels of steroid hormones, action of local irritants and the lack of proper hygiene measures are of great importance in the development of dental caries, gingivitis and inflammation of the periodontal area in pregnant women. The aim of the study was to evaluate the state of oral hygiene and the periodontal area is such a population and assess the effectiveness of performed hygiene treatments and analyse changes in hygiene habits after oral hygiene instructions. The study was performed in two parts on a group of 50 pregnant women. The first part took place between the 14th and 17th week of pregnancy. The control study was conducted between the 27th and 30th week of pregnancy. Patients were subjected to a dental examination. Poor oral hygiene was observed among the examined patients. After the first examination, oral hygiene instruction was provided to 25 randomly selected pregnant patients. The effect of periodontal diseases on the time of labor was observed. Oral hygiene instructions significantly affected the state of the periodontal area of pregnant women for whom it was performed. It was confirmed that the advancement of pregnancy influences deterioration of the periodontium and also term of childbirth. Undoubtedly, pregnant women receive insufficient dental care. Priority should be given to dental care education of for pregnant women and alleviating the impact of oral diseases on the organism of a pregnant woman.
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Gorokhova, S. G., T. E. Morozova, A. A. Arakelyants, E. A. Barabanova, and E. G. Dyakonova. "Algorithm of echocardiography in pregnant women." Russian Journal of Cardiology, no. 12 (December 21, 2018): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2018-12-75-83.
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Pregnancy is a physiological condition that takes a defined period of time in a woman’s life. For nine months, the mother’s heart works under conditions of daily additional load, which is necessary to ensure placental blood flow. In this regard, structural and functional adaptation of the heart develops in a healthy woman with a normal pregnancy. A pregnant woman with some heart diseases is less likely to adapt. That leads to greater susceptibility to stress resulting in pathological changes of pregnancy. In addition, each pregnancy may develop new heart diseases, which in some cases may be relatively innocent, but in others — fatal. In this regard echocardiography (EchoCG) is a necessary procedure for assessing a woman’s health status that needs before bearing a fetus, during and after pregnancy.
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Sari, Fatimah, and Emy Yulianti. "Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Materi Kelas Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Tegalrejo Kabupaten Magelang." Journal of Health 2, no. 2 (July 31, 2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30590/vol2-no2-p58-64.
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Background : The maternal mortality rate in Indonesia was high and the effort required to reduce maternal mortality - an effort that is associated with pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. One solution is through the study of pregnant women. Class of pregnant woman is a means to learn together about the health of pregnant woman , in the form of face-to -face in a group that aims to improve the mother’s knowledge and skill about pregnancy and prenatal care, postpartum care, newborn care, myths, infectious diseases and a birth certificate.
Objective : To be known the mother’s Knowledge Level about the material class of pregnant women, class of pregnant women definition, Pregnancy, parturition, Postpartum and postpartum family planning, newborn care and infectious diseases at the health center district Tegalrejo Magelang .
Methods : This study used a descriptive study using a cross - sectional approach. The sampling method in this study was the sample saturated with the number of samples in this study were 30 respondents. The research instrument is enclosed questionnaire filled in by the respondent. The analysis used in this study using univariate analysis.
Results : Pregnant woman in the region Tegalrejo health center, Magelang regency in 2013 mostly had a good knowledge amounted to 86.7 % and enough knowledge about the class material amounted to 13.3 %.
Conclusion : Mother’s level of knowledge about pregnant woman class in Tegalrejo health centers Magelang regency can be categorized good knowledge of as many as 26 respondents ( 86.7 % ).
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Völker, Ina. "Kommunikative Beteiligung von Partnern in der Schwangerenberatung." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Linguistik 73, no. 1 (September 4, 2020): 269–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfal-2020-2038.
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AbstractThe interaction between midwifes or other medical professionals and pregnant women in the last trimester of pregnancy plays an important role during antenatal care and birth. The partners of the pregnant women are often present for these conversations and can affect the interaction with their contributions, e. g. their input to the birth plan and their experiences during pregnancy. In this interactional work, triadic interactions during antenatal care consultations were analysed. Using examples from a corpus of 37 primary consultations between midwifes, pregnant women and doctors in an obstetric ward, it is shown that partners can affect the information exchange during these interactions. With their utterances, partners can provide various information, such as facts about previous deliveries, information about the pregnant woman, own pregnancy experiences, information about past abortions and miscarriages as well as information about congenital diseases. In doing so, they enriched the conversation and provided emotional support for the pregnant woman. Only very few partners acted in the role of ‘critic’ or ‘opponent’ and controlled the informational exchange between midwife and pregnant woman or focused solely on themselves during these interactions.
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Antypkin, Y. G., T. F. Tatarchuk, R. V. Marushko, and O. O. Dudina. "Regional features of pregnant women's health." Reproductive Endocrinology, no. 57 (March 31, 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2021.57.21-28.
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Purpose of the study: to determine the regional characteristics of the health indicators of pregnant women on the basis of integral assessment of extragenital pathology, complications and adverse consequences of pregnancy. Materials and methods. A comprehensive retrospective analysis of regional characteristics and dynamics of the main indicators of pregnant women’s health in Ukraine for the period 2010–2019 was carried out. According to the Center for Medical Statistics of Ukraine integral assessment (IA) of pregnant women’s health was carried out according to the generally accepted calculation method using integral indicators of the extragenital pathology frequency, pregnancy complications and its adverse consequences.Results. Health of pregnant women remains unsatisfactory with multidirectional trends in the frequency of individual pathologies in recent years. Simultaneously with a downward trend against the background of a high level of anemia and genitourinary system diseases (24.73 and 14.38 per 100 pregnant women in 2019, the rate of decline was 6.29% and 1.74%), gestosis, preeclampsia and eclampsia (6.57, 2.11 and 1.2%, 9.48%), not carrying a pregnancy, delivering a dead fetus (5.84, 0.43 and 15.92%, 9.3%), the incidence of circulatory system diseases and thyroid gland dysfunctions (7.61, 9.88, growth rate 18.7%, 2.33%) is increasing. Incidence of diabetes in pregnant women in Ukraine rapid increases in 10.4 times (0.17 per 100 pregnant women in 2010 and 0.77 in 2019). High regional differences in the frequency of different pathologies of pregnant women were revealed. The difference between the highest and lowest rates of circulatory system diseases in 2019 was 23.9 times, diabetes mellitus – 12.6 times, thyroid diseases – 5.4 times, genitourinary system diseases – 4.3 times, anemia in pregnant women – 3.4 times, and complications and adverse effects of pregnancy – 2.4–4.7 times. The analysis of the IA of the health status of pregnant women according in 2019 revealed that the level of health was higher than the average in Ukraine in Ivano-Frankivsk (65.5%), Zaporizhzhya (72.82%), Odesa (75.5%), Zakarpattia (76.5%), Lviv (81.1%), Sumy (81.3%), Luhansk (84.3%) and Ternopil (84.4%) regions, and low than the average level in Dnipropetrovsk (132.35%), Poltava (123.1%), Chernivtsi (118.0%), Chernihiv (111.7%) regions and Kyiv (117.1%). Conclusions. Developed toolkit for the IA of pregnant women’s health makes it possible to provide an objective assessment of pregnant women’s health in general and for individual components in the context of regions as a means of timely identification of problems that require intervention and effective management decisions to minimize risk factors that cause impaired health in pregnant women.
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Smullin, Carolyn P., Hunter Green, Remco Peters, Dorothy Nyemba, Yamkela Qayiya, Landon Myer, Jeffrey Klausner, and Dvora Joseph Davey. "Prevalence and incidence of Mycoplasma genitalium in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa." Sexually Transmitted Infections 96, no. 7 (January 13, 2020): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-054255.
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ObjectiveMycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a sexually transmitted organism associated with cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women and has been shown to increase the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission. Little is known about the prevalence and incidence of MG in pregnant women. Our study sought to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of MG infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of 197 women ≥18 years receiving antenatal care in South Africa from November 2017 to February 2019. We over-recruited HIV-infected pregnant women to compare MG by HIV infection status. Self-collected vaginal swabs, performed at the first antenatal visit, third trimester and within 1 week post partum, were tested for MG using the Aptima assay (Hologic, USA). We report on the prevalence and incidence of MG and used multivariable logistic regression to describe correlates of MG and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes (preterm delivery, miscarriage and vertical HIV transmission), adjusting for maternal age and HIV infection status.ResultsAt first antenatal visit, the median age was 29 years (IQR=24–34) and the gestational age was 19 weeks (IQR=14–23); 47% of women enrolled in the study were HIV-infected. MG prevalence was 24% (95% CI 16% to 34%, n=22) in HIV-infected and 12% (95% CI 6.8% to 20%, n=13) in HIV-uninfected pregnant women. MG incidence during pregnancy and early post partum was 4.7 infections per 100 woman-years (95% CI 1.2 to 12.9) or 3.9 per 1000 woman-months (95% CI 1.0 to 10.7). Adjusting for maternal age, HIV-infected women had over three times the odds of being infected with MG (adjusted OR=3.09, 95% CI 1.36 to 7.06).ConclusionWe found a high prevalence and incidence of MG in pregnant women. Younger maternal age and HIV infection were associated with MG infection in pregnancy. Further research into birth outcomes of women infected with MG, including vertical transmission of HIV infection, is needed.
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Klimov, Vladimir. "Organisation of Medical Care for Pregnant Women, Women in Labor and New Mothers with COVID-19 Infection." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2009-07.
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Although pregnancy is a physiological condition, this category of women has a high probability of severe acute respiratory viral infections, and a fairly high affinity to these diseases, due to physiological changes in the immune system. In 2009/2010, during the A(H1N1)09 virus that caused pig flu, the morbidity among pregnant women reached 27.9%. In addition, such viruses as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are known to contribute to severe complications in pregnancy and lead to the need for endotracheal intubation and hospitalisation of women to the intensive care unit, and in some cases, diseases caused by these viruses can cause kidney failure and even death, which reaches 25% when SARS-CoV is detected among pregnant women. At the present stage, there is insufficient information on the new coronavirus infection impact on pregnant women and newborns, and there are no reliable recommendations as to the management of pregnant women when COVID-19 is diagnosed. In this article, we will try to summarise information on managing such patients based on the cases when coronavirus was diagnosed in pregnant women.
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Orekhova, Ludmila Yu, Anna A. Aleksandrova, Ludmila A. Aleksandrova, Ramila S. Musaeva, Gulrukhsor Kh Tolibova, and Eleonora V. Posokhova. "Clinical and cytological characteristic of a condition of the oral cavity at pregnant women with various types of a diabetes mellitus." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 65, no. 6 (December 15, 2016): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd65645-51.
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Introduction. More and more researches dedicated to the communication of diseases of the oral cavity of pregnant women with diabetes. It is proved that the intensity of caries and inflammatory periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) increase significantly during pregnancy, while the presence of comorbidities, such as diabetes, increase these indexes.Aim. The aim of the work was to study the dental status of pregnant women with diabetes.Materials and methods. The study compared women with gestational diabetes mellitus, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes, to a control group of pregnant women without diabetes. In addition to clinical research methods, liquid-based cytology of the contents of the gingival sulcus was performed.Results. The results of clinical and laboratory studies have shown that inflammatory diseases of periodontium and teeth within pregnant women with diabetes are more common than within the pregnant women without this disease. It should be noted that the frequency of occurrence and severity of these diseases in the pregnant women with type I diabetes is higher than in the other groups.Conclusion. Pregnant women with diabetes are at risk for dental disease and require more attention from dentists, endocrinologists and obstetricians. The use of liquid-based cytology method helps in the diagnosis of inflammatory periodontal diseases.
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Latypov, A. B., D. A. Valishin, and R. G. Yаpparov. "HIV INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN." Journal Infectology 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-1-46-52.
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The aim of this study was to characterize the situation of HIV infection among pregnant women in the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2013-2017 on the basis of a comprehensive retrospective analysis of indicators.A comprehensive retrospective analysis of statistical data on 2734 cases of pregnancies of HIV-infected women who were on dispensary observation at the Republican center for prevention and control of AIDS and infectious diseases in the period from 2013 to 2017 was carried out. The prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women during the study period tended to increase annually from 656.4 to 857.8 per 100 thousand pregnancies. The prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women who have completed pregnancy by childbirth increased from 650.7 to 795.0 per 100 thousand women who gave birth. The incidence of HIV infection among pregnant women, reflecting the first identified cases, increased from 248.4 to 267.1 per 100 thousand pregnancies. The proportion of newly diagnosed HIV infections among pregnant women in the structure of the overall HIV incidence has decreased from 7.92% to 6.03%. The main route of HIV infection of pregnant women was sexual, the average for the period of its specific weight was 92.6±4.0%, the parenteral pathway accounted for 7.4±4.0%. There is a steady change in the age structure of HIV-infected pregnant women with first time established diagnosis, towards the age group of 21-30 years. If in 2013, the structure was dominated by pregnant women aged 31-40 years (60.2%), in 2017 the first place was the age group of 21-30 years (47.9%). On average, 24.7±2.3% of HIV-infected women were admitted to the study period under observation up to 12 weeks of pregnancy. The rate of vertical transmission of HIV infection averaged 2.9±1.0% over the period. Determination of the main trends of HIV infection among pregnant women, allows to assess the effectiveness of the implemented therapeutic and preventive measures, to develop and implement new methods of organization of medical care of this category of population, aimed at reducing the spread of the disease.
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Janković, Svjetlana, Bojana Davidović, Igor Radović, Vladimirka Ikonić, and Ivana Dmitruk-Miljević. "Oral-health awareness among pregnant women in the region of Republika Srpska." Serbian Dental Journal 66, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sdj-2019-0003.
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Summary Introduction Oral diseases during pregnancy are an important reason for enhanced dental care of this vulnerable population. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of oral health awareness among pregnant women and examine their oral hygiene habits, attitudes and behaviors in relation to the professional qualification. Material and methods The study was conducted in Foča, East Sarajevo, Bijeljina and Pale (Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina). A total of 198 respondents voluntarily filled an anonymous survey, specially created for this research. Results In addition to toothbrush and toothpaste, 39.8% of pregnant women did not use any additional oral hygiene resources. When brushing their teeth, 60.1% of pregnant women had bleeding gums. Also, 54.1% of pregnant women visited dentist, while 34.3% did not. Obstetrician did not advise 69.7% of respondents that the should visit dentist during pregnancy. Furthermore, 80.8% of pregnant women thought that they were more susceptible to pregnancy caries, and 29.6% of them thought that caries is disease that cannot be prevented. Respondents with university education understood that minerals from the mother’s teeth were not lost during pregnancy, which was statistically significant compared to pregnant women with secondary education. Conclusion The level of oral health awareness of pregnant women is low. It is important that all women perform regular dental examination during pregnancy, as they will receive useful information from their dentist how to prevent oral diseases.
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Espinosa Banuelos, L. G., M. E. Corral Trujillo, C. M. Skinner Taylor, L. Pérez Barbosa, A. Y. Lujano Negrete, R. A. Rodriguez Chavez, R. Moyeda Martinez, A. Cárdenas, and D. Á. Galarza-Delgado. "AB0867-HPR VIOLENCE IN PREGNANT AND POSTPARTUM MEXICAN WOMEN WITH AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1217.
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Background:Gender violence is a prevalent issue worldwide. In Mexico, four out of ten women suffer any kind of violence. The factors that make women even more vulnerable to domestic violence are pregnancy, socioeconomic status, educational level, and the presence of chronic health problems. Violence represents a major risk factor for depression, anxiety, poor adherence to medical treatment, and obstetric adverse events.Objectives:The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of domestic violence in pregnant and postpartum women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) and to compare with childbearing age women with ARD.Methods:Pregnant and postpartum women (PPW) with rheumatic disease evaluated at the Pregnancy and Rheumatic Diseases Clinic from the University Hospital “Dr. José E. González” in Monterrey, México from August to October 2020 were invited to participate. To compare, we enrolled childbearing age women with ARD without previous pregnancies. The Spanish validated version of the Hurt, Insulted, Threatened with Harm, Screamed scale (HITS) was applied via telephonic interview. The HITS scale evaluates in 4 questions the presence and frequency of violence by their intimate partners in the last 12 months. A score ≥ 10 points is considered as positive for violence.Results:A total of 48 women were included, 24 patients each group. The pregnant-postpartum group was divided in 6 (25) pregnant and 18 (75) postpartum women. Most of them were housewives (54.1%) with >10 years of education and with not formalized marital status 41% (common-law marriage). In the childbearing age group, most of them were employees (70.8), with >10 years of education with a current marital status of single (66.6%). The HITS scale was positive in the pregnant-postpartum group in 4 women (16.6%). Two of them had been victims of sexual assault and 2 reported physical/verbal violence. While in childbearing age group only 1 (4.16) reported physical/verbal violence.Conclusion:The 16% of the pregnant-postpartum group in our sample were suffering from domestic violence by their intimate partners, in contrast to the childbearing age group with only 1 patient reported violence. We found that postpartum and pregnancy women had more prevalence of violence. Screening for domestic violence followed by counseling and early referral are necessary to mitigate the physical and psychological consequences of domestic violence.References:Moreira DN, Pinto da Costa M. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in the precipitation of intimate partner violence. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2020;71:101606. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101606.Jackson CL, Ciciolla L, Crnic KA, Luecken LJ, Gonzales NA, Coonrod DV. Intimate partner violence before and during pregnancy: related demographic and psychosocial factors and postpartum depressive symptoms among Mexican American women. J Interpers Violence. 2015;30(4):659-679. doi:10.1177/0886260514535262.Table 1.Sociodemographic characteristics and scale resultsPostpartum and pregnancy womenn= 24Childbearing age womenn= 24Age, years, mean27.527.08Occupation, n (%)Housewive13 (54.1)5 (20.8)Employee7 (29.1)17 (70.8)Student4 (16.6)2 (8.3)Education years, n (%)Less than 10 years11 (45.8)7 (29.1)More than 10 years13 (54.1)17 (70.8)Marital status, n (%)Common-law marriage10 (41.6)-Married8 (33.3)8 (33.3)Single6 (24.9)16 (66.6)Status, n (%)Postpartum18 (75)-Pregnancy6 (25)-Results of the HITS scaleTotal, mean5.374.37Score per ranges, n (%)0 – 9 points20 (83.3)23 (95.8)10 – 20 points4 (16.6)1 (4.1)Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Kaneko, Masatoki, Junsuke Muraoka, Kazumi Kusumoto, and Toshio Minematsu. "Low Maternal Immunoglobulin G Avidity and Single Parity as Adverse Implications of Human Cytomegalovirus Vertical Transmission in Pregnant Women with Immunoglobulin M Positivity." Viruses 13, no. 5 (May 9, 2021): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050866.
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Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of neurological sequelae in infants. Understanding the risk factors of primary CMV infection is crucial in establishing preventive strategies. Thus, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to identify risk factors of vertical transmission among pregnant women with immunoglobulin (Ig) M positivity. The study included 456 pregnant women with IgM positivity. Information on age, parity, occupation, clinical signs, IgM levels, and IgG avidity index (AI) was collected. The women were divided into infected and non-infected groups. The two groups showed significant differences in IgM level, IgG AI, number of women with low IgG AI, clinical signs, and number of pregnant women with single parity. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, pregnant women with single parity and low IgG AI were independent predictors. Among 40 women who tested negative for IgG antibody in their previous pregnancy, 20 showed low IgG AI in their current pregnancy. Among the 20 women, 4 had vertical transmission. These results provide better understanding of the risk factors of vertical transmission in pregnant women with IgM positivity.
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Sinchikhin, Sergey Petrovich, L. Sh Ramazanova, L. V. Stepanyan, O. A. Napylova, and S. Kh Khanmirzoeva. "PATHOLOGY OF THE ORGANS OF VISION IN PREGNANT WOMEN (CLINICAL LECTURE)." V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/2313-8726-2019-6-2-60-69.
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The article presents data on the management of pregnancy in women with eye diseases. Ophthalmological manifestations in various pathological conditions on the part of the organs of vision are clearly shown. Presents the procedure for management of pregnancy and childbirth in women with both eye diseases and ophthalmic morpho-functional changes associated with the development of gestational complications. The admissibility of carrying out laser-surgical treatment methods for pathological changes in the organs of vision in a pregnant woman is noted. Ophthalmological changes are indicated, which are taken into account when choosing a mode of delivery.
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Albuquerque, Denyse Sales Veloso, Eugenio de Moura Campos, Joao Paulo Lima Santos, Joao Paulo de Oliveira Rodrigues, Isadora Wanderley Araujo, Ilana Leila Barbosa de Lima, and Igor Emanuel Vasconcelos e. Martins Gomes. "Mental disorders and obstetric diseases in high risk gestations." Revista de Medicina da UFC 59, no. 3 (September 13, 2019): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20513/2447-6595.2019v59n3p11-19.
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Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of major depression disorder, anxiety disorders and substance abuse in women with high-risk pregnancy and identify maternal-fetal pathologies and other variables associated with higher prevalence of mental disorders. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 46 women in the high-risk gestation outpatient clinic of the Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand in Fortaleza - Ceará. A sociodemographic and a clinical data questionnaire were applied, as well as Abuse Assesment Screen, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Alcohol Smoking and Substance Screening Test. Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI) was applied to women with positive screening in the mentioned scales. Results: Using the screening tools, the prevalence was 30.4% for depression and 52.2% for anxiety; with the MINI the prevalence was 30,4% and 34,8%, respectively. Pregnant women with cardiac diseases had a 66,7% depression prevalence and a 77.8% anxiety prevalence, both higher than those with other pathologies. Depression and anxiety were also associated with unwanted pregnancy and domestic violence during life. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and anxiety was high in this sample of pregnant women and the associated risk factors need to be understood, so that better interventions in the treatment of pregnant women can be implemented.
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N. K., Ayu Sugiartini, and Ari Febriyanti N. M. "Relationship between perceptions and class participation of pregnant women." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 4219. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20205292.
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Background: Pregnant women class is a means to learn together about health for pregnant women, in the form of face to face groups which aims to increase the knowledge and skills of mothers regarding pregnancy, pregnancy care, childbirth, postpartum care, newborn care, myths, infectious diseases and birth certificates. The purpose of the research was to analyse relationship between perceptions and class participation of pregnant women.Methods: This research was an analytical with crossectional design. The study sample were 50 pregnant women who had participated in class of pregnant women. Data was collected by the method of questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Chi Square test.Results: Based on the results of research on the frequency class participation of pregnant women, most of the respondent 33 (66%) had a good perception. Most of the respondents 34 (68%) were active in class participation of pregnant women. Analysis using Chi Square test showed most of the respondents who had a good perception 31 (66%) were active in class participation of pregnant women.Conclusions: This study suggest that class of pregnant women giving benefits because pregnant women become aware of pregnancy care, childbirth, postpartum and baby care and pregnancy gymnastic.
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Onur, Hande Nur. "Comparison of Diet Quality for Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Advances in Pure and Applied Sciences, no. 8 (December 22, 2017): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjapas.v0i8.2827.
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A woman’s nutritional status prior to and during pregnancy affects foetal development, the course of the pregnancy and her long-term health. This study aims to determine the diets of pregnant and non-pregnant women using the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010). The study was performed on 43 non-pregnant and 25 pregnant volunteers, who had no chronic diseases, took no diet treatments and had a mean age of 23.0 ± 30.1 years. Their general features were determined through a questionnaire, dietary intake was measured by 24-hour dietary recall method, diet quality was assessed by HEI-2010 and energy and nutrient intake was calculated by the Nutrition Information System programme. The diet quality of 60.3% of the participants was found to be poor, while 39.7% was average. Although pregnant women had a slightly higher HEI-2010 score, the diet quality was low for all; hence, dieticians should provide nutrition education for all child-bearing aged women. Keywords: Diet quality, healthy eating index, pregnancy nutrition.
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Mahyuni, Akhmad, Nirma Yunita, and Eka Maya Putri. "Hubungan Antara Paritas, Penyakit Infeksi Dan Status Gizi Dengan Status Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III." Jurnal Kesehatan Indonesia 9, no. 2 (June 11, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33657/jurkessia.v9i2.167.
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World Health Organization (WHO) data in 2010 noted 40% of maternal deaths in developing countries are associated with pregnancy anemia. Anemia anemia in pregnancy caused by iron deficiency and acute bleeding, even distance mutually interact with each other. Anemia in pregnancy is a major health problem in developing countries with high morbidity in pregnant women. The average pregnancy with anemia in Asia is estimated at 72.6%. The high prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is a problem that is being exposed to the government of Indonesia. Preliminary study results conducted by researchers through physical examination of pregnant women in third trimester, seen from signs of symptoms, as many as 10 people, there are 6 people (60%) who have anemia and 4 people (40%) were not anemic, of 6 people with anemia there were 3 (50%) unsafe parities, 1 person (16.7%) had infectious diseases, and 2 (33.3%) malnourished. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of parity, infectious diseases, and nutritional status with anemia status in third trimester pregnant women in the work area of PuskesmasPasalingHulu Sungai Selatan in 2017. The method used was analytical with cross sectional approach. The result of this research are most of respondents who suffer from anemia that is as many as 33 people (67,3%), unsafe parity that is 29 people (59,2%), not enter as many as 34 people (69,4%), as many as 28 people (57.1%). there is a proven to have relationship of parity, nutritional status with anemia status in third trimester pregnant women in work area of Puskesmas PasungkanHulu Sungai Selatan 2017, not proven to have relation of disease with anemia status in third trimester pregnant woman in working area of Puskesmas PasungkanHuluSungai Selatan 2017
Keywords: Status of anemia, parity, infectious diseases, nutritional status
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O’Kelly, Brendan, and John S. Lambert. "Vector-borne diseases in pregnancy." Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease 7 (January 2020): 204993612094172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2049936120941725.
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Vector-borne infections cause a significant proportion of world-wide morbidity and mortality and many are increasing in incidence. This is due to a combination of factors, primarily environmental change, encroachment of human habitats from urban to peri-urban areas and rural to previously uninhabited areas, persistence of poverty, malnutrition and resource limitation in geographical areas where these diseases are endemic. Pregnant women represent the single largest ‘at risk’ group, due to immune-modulation and a unique physiological state. Many of these diseases have not benefitted from the same level of drug development as other infectious and medical domains, a factor attributing to the ‘neglected tropical disease’ title many vector-borne diseases hold. Pregnancy compounds this issue as data for safety and efficacy for many drugs is practically non-existent, precluding exposure in pregnancy to many first-line therapeutic agents for ‘fear of the unknown’ or overstated adverse pregnancy-foetal outcomes. In this review, major vector-borne diseases, their impact on pregnancy outcomes, current treatment, vaccination and short-comings of current medical practice for pregnant women will be discussed.
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Ozsoy, Metin, Necla Tulek, Sami Kinikli, Fatma Sebnem Erdinc, Cigdem Ataman-Hatipoglu, Gunay Tuncer-Ertem, and Salih Cesur. "Evaluation of Infectious Diseases in Pregnant Women." Klimik Dergisi/Klimik Journal 33, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/kd.2020.31.
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Prokhodnaya, V. A. "Influence of dental diseases of pregnant women on newborns’ health state." Kazan medical journal 99, no. 4 (August 8, 2018): 586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2018-586.
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Aim. To study the connection between various dental diseases of inflammatory nature in pregnant women and body weight of newborns depending on the presence or absence of systemic inflammatory reaction in the mother's organism and severity of the main symptoms of periodontal lesions.
Methods. We examined 207 pregnant patients with tooth caries, 72 patients with gingivitis and 93 women with chronic generalized periodontitis, 31 healthy pregnant women with no dental and somatic pathology and no complications of gestational period. The dental status of the patients was studied in the third trimester of pregnancy (36-40 weeks of gestation). Body weight was measured in newborn babies from pregnant women with dental pathology and without it. In peripheral, umbilical and retroplacental blood, the concentration of the inflammatory mediator interleukin-6 was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and C-reactive protein was evaluated by latex immune turbidimetry.
Results. The decrease in weight of newborns from mothers suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis, is caused not only by severity of periodontal destruction but also by the course of the disease in pregnancy, damaged integrity and permeability of histochematic barrier, increased concentration of inflammatory mediators in the peripheral, umbilical and retroplacental blood. The risk of having a baby with low birth weight in women suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis with the depth of periodontal pockets is 6 mm, gingival bleeding during probing and increased concentration of systemic inflammatory mediators in peripheral circulation is extremely high and is 0.96.
Conclusion. In mothers suffering from severe gingivitis, moderate chronic generalized periodontitis during pregnancy in case of progressive course of chronic generalized periodontitis, the body weight of newborns is lower compared to body weight of newborns from healthy women without dental pathology.
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Ostrovskaya, Liudmyla I. "MODERN APPROACHES TO PREVENTION OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN PREGNANCY: A REVIEW." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 1 (January 2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201901117.
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Introduction: In the modern literature, a variety of treatment regimens for periodontal diseases in pregnant women have been suggested and recommended for use in practical public health. And yet the concept of “dental diseases prevention in pregnancy” does not fully reflect the essence of the necessary measures to maintain the dental health of women during this period. The aim: The aim of the present paper is to study the scientific literature on the issue of preventing periodontal diseases in pregnancy. Materials and methods: The subject under discussion was considered on the basis of 59 sources on this issue, using the method of content analysis, comparative and contrastive, analytical and biblio-semantic methods. Review and conclusions: The analysis of scientific literature justifies the need for an integrated approach to treatment and prophylactic measures during the entire pregnancy period. Furthermore, the review of literature sources allows us to advocate the need to improve the existing approaches and to develop new individual programs for primary and secondary prevention of periodontal diseases in pregnant women, taking into account pathogenesis and the peculiarity of their course. Diagnosis of dental status in pregnant women with assessment of early and long-term clinical observations provides a prognostic model of the course and outcome of dental diseases. Meanwhile, the introduction of the follow-up observation for the maternity leave group enhances the dental health of pregnant women and prevents multiple pathological conditions of the unborn child.
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Filipovich, O. M., and N. I. Kuznetzov. "Features of chronic hepatitis C course in pregnant women." Kazan medical journal 97, no. 5 (October 15, 2016): 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2016-716.
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Aim. To study features of the course of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in pregnant women and its effect on pregnancy.Methods. The study included 111 pregnant women: 67 with chronic hepatitis C and 44 healthy women. The mean age was 28 years. The number of pregnancies among examined women ranged from 1 to 8. All pregnant women had no concomitant therapeutic pathology and various addictions (alcohol, nicotine, drugs). The viral load in pregnant women with chronic hepatitis C ranged from 3.18×102 to 2.4×107 IU/mL.Results. Alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin levels in the group of chronic hepatitis C and in healthy pregnant women did not exceed the normal range and were not statistically different from each other. In repeated pregnancies viral load of hepatitis C virus was lower, compared with the first pregnancy: median [25%; 75%] = 5.202 [4.079; 6.364] and 6.658 [5.708; 7.380], respectively (p106 IU/mL). At the same time threatened miscarriage, intrauterine hypoxia and preeclampsia were registered more often.Conclusion. In the first pregnancy the viral load is higher than in repeated pregnancies; pregnancy in women with chronic hepatitis C without concomitant diseases does not cause activation of the inflammatory process in the liver; in pregnant women with chronic hepatitis C, especially at higher viral loads, medical history remarkable for obstetric diseases are more likely detected.
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NIELSEN, S. Y., T. B. HENRIKSEN, N. H. HJØLLUND, K. MØLBAK, and A. M. N. ANDERSEN. "Risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in women exposed to livestock: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 7 (September 20, 2013): 1545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813002203.
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SUMMARYMaternal infection in pregnancy is a known risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcome, and a number of zoonotic pathogens may constitute a risk to pregnant women and their fetuses. With animal contact as a proxy for the risk of zoonotic infection, this study aimed to evaluate pregnancy outcome in women with self-reported occupational or domestic contact with livestock compared to pregnant women without such contact. The Danish National Birth Cohort collected information on pregnancy outcome from 100 418 pregnant women (1996–2002) from which three study populations with occupational and/or domestic exposure to livestock and a reference group of women with no animal contact was sampled. Outcome measures were miscarriage, very preterm birth (before gestational week 32), preterm birth (before 37 gestational weeks), small for gestational age (SGA), and perinatal death. Adverse reproductive outcomes were assessed in four different exposure groups of women with occupational or domestic exposure to livestock with no association found between exposure to livestock and miscarriage, preterm birth, SGA or perinatal death. These findings should diminish general occupational health concerns for pregnant women with exposures to a range of different farm animals.
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Sharhorodska, Yevheniya, Nadiya Helner, Natalia Prokopchuk, and Halyna Makukh. "MEDICAL GENETIC COUNSELING OF WOMEN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES OF FETUS." EUREKA: Health Sciences 1 (January 31, 2019): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2019.00845.
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Aim of the work. Determine the effectiveness of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects in the fetus and the informativeness of different markers used in the medical-genetic counseling of pregnant women.. Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of medical genetic counseling of pregnant women with fetal heart diseases was carried out. The effectiveness of using different methods of prenatal diagnosis in 67 pregnant women is estimated. The data of somatic, genealogical and reproductive anamnesis, biochemical markers of chromosomal pathology of the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy, and the spectrum of the detected fetal heart disease were studied. Results of the research. It was found that 46 (68.7 %) women had somatic diseases: pathology of the cardiovascular system (11.9 %); endocrine system - at 8 (11,9 %); respiratory disease – 3 (4.5 %) and urinary system – 2 (3.0 %). 13 (19.4 %) out of 67 women had acute respiratory viral infections in the first trimester of pregnancy. In 4 (6 %) cases - bad habits. The first time pregnant were 31 (46.3 %) women, 21 (31.3 %) – the second time, 10 (14.9 %) in the third, and 5 (7.5 %) in the fourth or more times. In history, 58 (86.6 %) women did not have reproductive function disorders, 8 (11.9 %) had unauthorized miscarriages and frozen pregnancy. The burden of gynecological anamnesis was observed in 12 (17.9 %) women, and hereditary - in 6 (9.0 %) women. In the structure of congenital defects of the heart, false anatomical anomalies were found more often: hypoplasia of the left heart organs – 14 (20.9 %), tetralogy of Fallot - 9 (13.3 %). Biochemical markers of chromosomal pathology in the first trimester in 11 (16.4 %) women recorded indicators that are characteristic of the risk of chromosomal pathology, and in the second trimester – in 9 (13.4 %). Two pregnant women used a NIPT (non-invasive prenatal test) test that did not detect chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. In 8 cases, invasive prenatal diagnosis of the fetus was recommended, which was carried out by three women, and five refused. Conclusions. The peculiarities of somatic (in 46–68.7 % of women), reproductive (in 8-11.9 % of women) gynecological anamnesis (in 12–17.9 % of women), which can be the risk factors of congenital fetal heart disease, are revealed. In the structure of congenital defects of the heart of the fetus more often revealed hypoplasia of the left heart organs – 14 (20.9 %), tetralogy of Fallot – 9 (13.3 %). In 11 (16.4 %) women recorded indicators of biochemical markers, characteristic for the risk of chromosomal pathology, in the first trimester, and – in 9 (13.4 %) pregnant women – in the second trimester. Comparative data on prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects in the fetus of chromosomal, monogenic and multifactorial etiology are given. On the basis of the obtained results an algorithm of medical-genetic counseling of this contingent of patients was offered.
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Briko, N. I., T. S. Saltykova, A. N. Gerasimov, A. A. Pozdnyakov, E. B. Brusina, L. P. Zueva, A. V. Lyubimova, et al. "The Attitude of Pregnant Women and Health Workers for Influenza Vaccination." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 16, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2017-16-1-55-61.
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Influenza and ARVI - the main nosological form in structure of all infectious diseases. Influenza is especially dangerous to pregnant women. Purpose: to estimate commitment of pregnant women and health workers to vaccination against influenza. Materials and methods: form No. 5, form of the statistical account No. 1 - influenza the section 1, information from the official site of Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Institute of influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; materials of various conferences and the congresses on a influenza problem, information and analytical reference of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. There were asked 1126 pregnant women on various durations of gestation and 447 health workers in various territories of the Russian Federation. Statistical processing was carried out with use of the Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 programs. Results and discussion: Among the interviewed pregnant women planned or were already vaccinated against influenza only 8% of women. The most frequent causes of failure from vaccination against influenza during pregnancy: doubt in safety (41.8%), ignorance about possibilities of vaccination (21,1%), lack of need for vaccination (18,7%). Only 25% of respondents knew about entering vaccination against influenza during pregnancy into a national calendar. At the same time only in 15% of health workers suggested pregnant women to be vaccinated from influenza. 73% of the interviewed health workers didn't recommend vaccination against influenza to pregnant women because they consider undesirable an intervention in immunity of the pregnant woman, 33% doubt in safety of vaccination, 13% don't know about a possibility of vaccination of pregnant women at all, 6% have personal negative experience of vaccination, and 4% don't see need for vaccination from influenza. Conclusion: the received materials showed need of development of knowledge at health workers of a vaccinal prevention of infectious diseases, including also vaccination against influenza during pregnancy, and also to carry out broad and active information work with the population, attracting mass media.
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Chukhlovina, M. L., and S. E. Medvedev. "The role of arterial hypertension in the development of cerebrovascular diseases in pregnancy." "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension") 24, no. 5 (November 22, 2018): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/1607-419x-2018-24-5-508-514.
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Nowadays, the risk factors, improvement of diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases are of particular interest. Arterial hypertension (HTN) is known to contribute to cardiovascular disease and to be a risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases. HTN during pregnancy and in the postpartum period draws particular attention. Throughout the world, hypertension during pregnancy remains the leading cause of maternal and child morbidity and mortality. To our knowledge, only a few works studied neurological disorders associated with HTN in pregnant women. In this connection, the purpose of our review was to analyze the role of HTN in the development of cerebrovascular diseases in pregnancy. Pregnant women with HTN show 5,2-fold higher frequency of strokes than normotensive women. The risk of stroke increases from the third trimester of pregnancy to six weeks of the postpartum period. The pregnant women with HTN develop changes in the coagulation system leading to the formation of arterial and venous thromboses in the cerebrovascular circulation. The presence of preeclampsia (PE) is associated with the 7–9-fold increase in the risk of stroke. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the leading links in the pathogenesis of PE. The PE is associated with an increase in anti-angiogenic factors and a decrease in angiogenic factors. Thus, the measures preventing the development of cerebrovascular diseases in pregnant women with HTN, include identification of prehypertension in women of childbearing age, the improvement of HTB management strategies, and an interdisciplinary approach to the diagnostic and treatment process involving the obstetrician, the therapist, the cardiologist and the neurologist.
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Yeboah, Danny F., Richmond Afoakwah, Ekene K. Nwaefuna, Orish Verner, and Johnson N. Boampong. "Quality of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Given as Antimalarial Prophylaxis in Pregnant Women in Selected Health Facilities in Central Region of Ghana." Journal of Parasitology Research 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9231946.
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The use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as an intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) against malaria during pregnancy has become a policy in most sub-Sahara African countries and crucially depends on the efficacy of SP. This study sets out to evaluate the effectiveness of the SP given to the pregnant women in some selected health facilities in the Central Region of Ghana to prevent maternal malaria in pregnant women. A total of 543 pregnant women recruited from 7 selected health centres in Central Region of Ghana participated in the study. Parasite density ofPlasmodium falciparumwas determined from peripheral blood of the pregnant women using microscopy. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and dissolution tester were used to determine the quality of the SP. Malaria infection was recorded in 11.2% of pregnant women who had a history of SP consumption. SP failed the dissolution test. Pregnant women who did not receive IPT-SP were 44%. Low haemoglobin level was recorded in 73.5% of the pregnant women. The results indicated that SP was substandard. IPT-SP is ineffective in preventing malaria infection.
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Afanasiuk, Oksana I., Valentyn I. Shmaliy, and Yuliia Yu Shushkovska. "CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS IN PREGNANT WOMEN." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 3 (2019): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201903112.
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Introduction: Cardiac arrhythmia often occurs in the gestational period of pregnant women, contributing to the development of complications of pregnancy, childbirth and perinatal pathology, which requires a more thorough examination of pregnant women and antiarrhythmic treatment, which in turn increases the risk of complications pregnancy and childbirth. Many types of arrhythmias occur in women without structural damage to the cardiovascular system. The aim is to study the occurrence of cardiac rhythm disturbances in healthy pregnant women, depending on the gestational age, the number of previous pregnancies, infectious diseases during pregnancy, and arrhythmia analysis, which required antiarrhythmic treatment. Materials and methods: Retrospectively 60 individual cards of pregnant women were studied. An ECG monitoring was performed to identify the arrhythmia. Results: Among the arrhythmia were: supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles, unstable paroxysmal tachycardia. All cases of arrhythmia were without lengthening QT interval. Sinus tachycardia was significantly more common in combination with anemia. Heart rhythm disorders are associated with emotional excitement. Conclusions: Most violations of the heart rate occurred in the second trimester of pregnancy. With concomitant anemia, sinus tachycardia is significantly more common, and sinus bradycardia is associated with an enlarged uterus in compression of the inferior vena cava. With the increase in the number of pregnancies, the risk of heart rhythm disturbances increases. However, the past infectious diseases of the bronchopulmonary system during pregnancy did not significantly affect the occurrence of rhythm disturbances. The appointment of antiarrhythmic drugs was observed in all pregnant women whose cards were included in the study.
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Gadzhula, Nataliia G., Olena L. Cherepakha, and Olena V. Lezhnova. "EFFICIENCY OF TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN PREGNANT WOMEN." Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no. 5 (2021): 1065–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202105103.
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The aim: To study the clinical efficciency of the proposed scheme of gingivitis treatment in women with physiological course of pregnancy. Materials and methods: Clinical approbation of the proposed complex of therapeutic and prophylactic measures was carried out in 32 pregnant women with gingivitis, aged 18 to 35 years. The efficiency of the treatment was assessed by the dynamics of the clinical picture, the index assessment of an oral hygiene and the periodontium condition in each trimester of pregnancy. Results: According to the data of performed observations, the high efficiency of the proposed treatment scheme is shown: 84.4% in the main group versus 46.9% in the control group. It has been clinically proven that the proposed scheme of inflammatory periodontal diseases treatment in terms of therapeutic efficiency exceeds the generally accepted basic treatment. Conclusions:The use of the proposed complex of therapeutic and prophylactic measures in the main group of patients contributed to the elimination of the inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues, suspended the progression of existing diseases, made it possible to prevent the emergence of new nosological forms, improved the condition of the oral hygiene, which makes it possible to recommend it for treatment of periodontal diseases in pregnant women.
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Bautin, A. E., Yu N. Bel'skih, V. V. Moskalenko, E. V. Frederiks, A. V. Yakybov, A. M. Pozhidaeva, N. V. Aram-Balik, et al. "Regional anaesthesia in pregnant women with cardiovascular diseases." Translational Medicine 6, no. 6 (January 29, 2020): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/2311-4495-2019-6-6-29-39.
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Background. Currently in developed countries, up to 4 % of pregnant women have cardiovascular diseases, which are one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. Anesthesia method have an important role in the abdominal delivery in this category of patients. Objective. To summarize the experience of different anesthesia approaches to abdominal delivery in pregnant women with cardiovascular diseases.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the use of various methods of anesthesia during abdominal delivery of pregnant women with cardiovascular diseases was performed.Results. In “Maternity Hospital № 13” and the Almazov National Medical Research Centre for the period from 2014 to 2018 2140 abdominal deliveries were carried out in pregnant women with heart diseases (1450 and 690, respectively). In the Maternity Hospital №13 1374 (94.8 %) of abdominal deliveries were performed under regional anesthesia, 76 (5.2 %) under general anesthesia. In Almazov National Medical Research Centre 513 (74.3 %) of abdominal deliveries were performed under regional anesthesia, 177 (25.7 %) under general anesthesia. The features of the hemodynamic profile of general and regional anesthesia in pregnant women with various heart disease are presented.Conclusion. In pregnant women with heart disease, up to 88 % of cesarean section are performed under regional anesthesia. General anesthesia is used for contraindications to regional anesthesia, as well as for obstetric indications. The use of advanced monitoring, methods of slow titration of local anesthetic dose and the use of vasopressors allow to avoid hemodynamic disorders in patients with concomitant heart disease.
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Crispino, Pietro, Luca Fontanella, and Paola Gnerre. "Liver diseases and pregnancy." Italian Journal of Medicine 11, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2017.817.
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Pregnancy is a time of great maternal physiological and metabolic changes and affects biochemical and hematological parameters used in the assessment of liver disease. Due to the increased physiological and metabolic stress of pregnancy, liver disorders that have previously been subclinical may become symptomatic such as cholestatic diseases. The viral hepatitis constitutes a huge disease burden worldwide and the pregnant state confers particular concerns for the mother and her baby. In particular, hepatitis E has a predilection for the pregnant population and confers a particularly poor prognosis. In addition, certain pregnancy specific disorders such as elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and obstetric cholestasis-affect primarily the liver. It is important to know how to diagnose and manage these conditions and distinguish them from non-pregnancy specific conditions as this will change the timing and management of affected women and their babies, some of whom can be seriously ill.
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Bastola, Prabha Dawadi, A. Rijal, and D. Upreti. "Study of pregnancy dermatoses in patients attending outpatient of B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology 13, no. 1 (January 12, 2016): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v13i1.14304.
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Background: Pregnancy causes immense hormonal, vascular and immunologic changes affecting every organ system including skin. It can have a positive as well as a negative effect on the course of pre-existing skin diseases. Specific dermatoses of pregnancy constitute a heterogenous group of inflammatory dermatoses associated exclusively with pregnancy. Objectives: To study the spectrum and frequency of pregnancy dermatoses and to compare the clinico- epidemiological profile of non-specific dermatoses among pregnant versus non-pregnant women of reproductive age.Material and Methods: This descriptive hospital based study recruited 300 patients with skin lesions; the test group comprised 150 pregnant ladies while the control group comprised 150 non-pregnant female of reproductive age. Demographic characteristics, medical history, examination findings, and relevant investigation reports were noted and diagnosis established. The patients of test group were then classified into distinct subgroups of dermatoses and were compared with non-pregnant patients of control group. Results: Specific dermatoses of pregnancy was very common (41.33%) in our study among which Prurigo of pregnancy was the commonest (24%). Inflammatory lesions were predominant in pregnant group (57.33%, p=<0.001) whereas infectious diseases were predominant in the non-pregnants (44.67%). The demographic variables had no significant role in determining the distribution of any of the skin lesions in this study. Conclusion: Inflammatory lesions mostly specific dermatoses of pregnancy are found to be the commonest skin lesions among the pregnant ladies whereas infectious diseases are found to be comparable among pregnant and non pregnant ladies in our study.NJDVL Vol. 13, No. 1, 2015 Page: 38-44
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Ades, Veronica. "Safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of artemisinins in pregnancy." Infectious Disease Reports 3, no. 1 (May 27, 2011): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/idr.2011.2412.
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<p>Malaria in pregnancy can lead to serious maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Access to the most effective antimalarials in pregnancy is essential. Resistance to current therapies is high for all antimalarial therapies except artemisinins. Artemisinin-based combination therapy is current the first line of malaria treatment recommended by the WHO for children, adults and pregnant women in second or third trimester. Due to potential embryotoxicity of artemisinins identified in animal studies, artemisinins are not considered safe for use in first trimester of pregnancy. Artemisinins are more rapidly metabolized in pregnant women, but this does not seem to reduce efficacy. Most studies show very high cure rates for pregnant women. Areas for further research include the safety profile in first trimester of pregnancy, the effect of HIV infection on artemisinin use in pregnancy, the relationship between the pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy, and the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy.</p> <p> </p>
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Fauchet, Floris, Jean-Marc Treluyer, Laure-Helene Préta, Elodie Valade, Emmanuelle Pannier, Saik Urien, and Déborah Hirt. "Population Pharmacokinetics of Abacavir in Pregnant Women." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 10 (July 28, 2014): 6287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.03469-14.
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ABSTRACTFor the first time, a population approach was used to describe abacavir (ABC) pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected pregnant and nonpregnant women. A total of 266 samples from 150 women were obtained. No covariate effect (from age, body weight, pregnancy, or gestational age) on ABC pharmacokinetics was found. Thus, it seems unnecessary to adapt the ABC dosing regimen during pregnancy.
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Schmid, Manuel B., Jehudith Fontijn, Nicole Ochsenbein-Kölble, Christoph Berger, and Dirk Bassler. "COVID-19 in pregnant women." Lancet Infectious Diseases 20, no. 6 (June 2020): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30175-4.
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Khan, M. Y., M. W. Mah, and Z. A. Memish. "Brucellosis in Pregnant Women." Clinical Infectious Diseases 32, no. 8 (April 15, 2001): 1172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/319758.
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Rodríguez, Estefanía, Paola Ordóñez, Cristina Crespo, and Corina Álvarez. "Oral-health knowledge of Ecuadorian pregnant women." International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences 5, no. 1 (August 30, 2018): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/ijmss.2018.005.
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The aim of this study is to determine the level of knowledge in oral health of pregnant women who come to the Comprehensive Medical Center and Geriatric Gerontium of the IESS in Azogues-Ecuador. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 109 pregnant women from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy. A questionnaire was used to collect data, which was validated in the study by Castro et al. in Peru. The first part of the questionnaire includes questions of socio-demographic order, such as the trimester of pregnancy, level of education, urban or rural origin, and age. The second part includes 22 questions to assess the level of knowledge in various topics in oral health, such as preventive measures, understanding of oral diseases, dental care, and dental development. The responses to the second part were evaluated according to a numerical scale: 0 to 6 points were bad, 7 to 14 points were regular, and 15 to 22 points were good. The statistical analysis consisted of absolute and relative frequencies of the qualitative variables. A bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi Square test with a significance level of p <0.05. The knowledge in oral health of pregnant women was regular, reaching 82.56% in overall, 56.88% in preventive measures, 64.22% in understanding of oral diseases, 61.46% in dental care during pregnancy, and 60.55% in dental development. No differences were detected in the levels of knowledge according to the trimester of pregnancy (p = 0.38), educational level (p = 0.91), urban or rural origin (p = 0.25), or age (p = 0.98). The level of knowledge of oral health of pregnant women attending the Integral Geriatric Medical Center and Geronto IESS in Azogues-Ecuador is regular and is not associated with socio-demographic factors.
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Yang, Chenchen, Xianhui Hao, Yunlong Li, Feiyan Long, Qiuxia He, Fen Huang, and Wenhai Yu. "Successful Establishment of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Pregnant BALB/c Mice." Viruses 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11050451.
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Worldwide, the Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main pathogen of acute viral hepatitis, with an extremely high mortality in pregnant women. However, the pathogenesis of HEV infection in pregnant women remains largely unknown. We established an HEV-infected pregnant mice animal model to explore the adverse pregnancy outcomes of HEV infection. Mice were infected with HEV in their early, middle and late stages of pregnancy. HEV RNA was detected in the tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, colon, uterus and placenta) of pregnant mice. HEV antigens were also detected in these tissues of HEV-infected pregnant mice. Miscarriages (7/8, 87.5%) occurred in pregnant mice infected with HEV in the middle of pregnancy. Th1-biased immune status was found in these aborted mice. Vertical transmission was confirmed by HEV replication in the uterus and placenta, as well as in the positive HEV RNA and HEV antigen positive in fetal livers. The successful establishment of HEV infection in pregnant mice is beneficial for further study of HEV pathogenesis, especially the adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by HEV infection.
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Konyshko, N. A. "Clinical and epidemiological factors of internal diseases in females of reproductive age." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 6 (December 15, 2014): 848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1992.
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Aim. To identify the factors of internal and nutrition-related diseases in females of reproductive age. Methods. A comprehensive general physical examination of 383 pregnant women aged 16 to 46 years old with the following internal diseases at pregnancy: gestational arterial hypertension (n=183), essential arterial hypertension (n=66), obesity (n=134) was conducted. Control group consisted of 153 pregnant women without any signs of internal diseases. Results. Combination of social and demographic, psychosomatic and inherited factors may define the risk of neurohormonal mechanisms deregulation, obesity, and type of arterial hypertension. Females with internal diseases had significantly lower level of physical activity compared to females of the control group. The largest number of long-term and heavy smokers was revealed in groups of female patients with gestational and essential arterial hypertension, patients with obesity and mature nulliparous women. Multivariate analysis showed that income level and physical activity of pregnant women have a significant impact on excessive fat body mass in pregnant women during gestation and before it. No statistically significant relationships between educational level and body mass index before pregnancy and at gestation were found. Conclusion. Factors influencing the risk for internal and nutrition-related diseases in females of reproductive age were: (1) the increased demand for nutrients and energy in developing placenta-fetus system, leading to irrational nourishment; (2) decreased body reserves, caused by repeated pregnancies and childbirth; (3) smoking; (4) social and economic status; (5) living area; (6) hereditary factors and constitutional features.
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LIU, P., L. XU, Y. SUN, and Z. WANG. "The prevalence and risk of human papillomavirus infection in pregnant women." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 8 (March 25, 2014): 1567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814000636.
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SUMMARYA series of observational studies were evaluated concerning the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in pregnancy; however, the results were controversial. We systematically reviewed and collected data on studies regarding HPV prevalence published up to 30 April 2013, in which HPV was detected in pregnant women or both in pregnant and non-pregnant women. In total, 28 eligible studies were included that provided data on HPV infection concerning 13 640 pregnant women. The overall HPV prevalence in pregnant and age-matched non-pregnant women was 16·82% [95% confidence interval (CI) 16·21–17·47] and 12·25% (95% CI 11·50–13·01), respectively. The prevalence in the in three trimesters was 18·20%, 14·38%, and 19·32%, respectively. HPV-16 was the most frequently observed type, with a prevalence of 3·86% (95% CI 3·40–4·32). The overall HPV prevalence varied by study region, age, and HPV type. The meta-analysis showed a significantly increased risk of HPV infection in pregnant women, with a summary odds ratio (OR) of 1·42 (95% CI 1·25–1·61), especially for those aged <25 years (OR 1·79, 95% CI 1·22–2·63). The results suggest that pregnant women, especially those aged <25 years, are more susceptible to HPV infection.
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Trombetta, Claudia M., Emanuele Montomoli, Simonetta Viviani, Rosa Coluccio, and Serena Marchi. "Evaluation of Varicella Immunity during Pregnancy in Apulia Region, Southern Italy." Vaccines 8, no. 2 (May 10, 2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020214.
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Varicella is a highly contagious, infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Those at higher risk of severe complications are immunocompromised individuals, adults, non-immune pregnant women, and newborns. According to the gestational time, when varicella-zoster virus infection is acquired during pregnancy, serious complications can potentially occur for both the woman and the fetus. The present study was conducted to assess the profile of varicella susceptibility in pregnant women in Apulia, a large region in Southern Italy, from 2016 to 2019. The data showed that pregnant women between the age of 15–24 and 40–49 years, the youngest and the oldest, respectively, are the most protected against varicella-zoster virus infection, exceeding the prevalence rate of 90%. Conversely, pregnant women between the age of 25 and 34 years seem to be the most vulnerable and the most at risk for acquiring varicella-zoster virus infection during pregnancy. Analysis of the immunity status against varicella should be introduced as a screening test before pregnancy, together with a strategic vaccination campaign targeting non-immune women of childbearing age, in order to reduce the risk of congenital and perinatal varicella.