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Parsons, Jane. "Perinatal mental health of young women." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 21, no. 3 (2017): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol21iss3id271.
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This article stems from research conducted with four pregnant women and four health professionals. Feminist research methods using semi-structured qualitative interviews explored experiences of mental health support and education provided during the perinatal stage. This article outlines the themes the pregnant women identified as significant to their mental health during pregnancy then concludes with the researcher’s analysis of these areas. These themes highlight areas of perinatal care and social work practice that can impact the health of the mother, and therefore the child, in a preventative manner.
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Van Teijlingen, Edwin, Padam Simkhada, Bhimsen Devkota, et al. "Mental health issues in pregnant women in Nepal." Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 5, no. 3 (2015): 499–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v5i3.13607.
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Mental health of pregnant women and new mothers is a growing area of concern in both low- and high-income countries. Maternity services in the UK, for example, have focused more attention on maternal mental health. We recognise that pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period is a time of major psychological and social change for women.
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Lail, Nurul Husnul, Rizanda Machmud, Adnil Edwin, Yusrawati Yusrawati, and Anwar Mallongi. "Related Health Service Provider with Mental Health during Pregnancy." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, T2 (2020): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5225.
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BACKGROUND: Mental illness or mental health problems during pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries are very high; the average prevalence reaches 15.6%. Subsequent research was conducted by Indian in the Jakarta and Bogor regions in the period January–June 2018 regarding the incidence of perinatal depression by 23.6% in the Bogor.
 AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the mental illness or mental health problems during pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries.
 METHODS: This research is qualitative research. This research was conducted in January–June 2019 in the Bogor independent practice midwife. Informants in the study came from the East Jakarta Health Office, Chair of the Indonesian Midwives Association, Head of the Health Center, Coordinating Midwives, Pregnant Women and husbands, and families of pregnant women. Data are analyzed by Regression Logistic.
 RESULTS: Construction model mental health of mothers during pregnancy in independent practice midwives is very important and needs attention. Pregnancy is still considered a physical change that needs to be intervened because it is easier to handle and easily detects it. Maternal examination during pregnancy is carried out by midwives, in the implementation of mental health checks during pregnancy for pregnant women, this role has not all been carried out optimally.
 CONCLUSION: This research suggests conducting socialization with midwives as well as across-related sectors to get political support in carrying out activities in health facilities and independent practice midwives.
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Guszkowska, Monika, Marta Langwald, and Katarzyna Sempolska. "Does Physical Exercise Help Maintain Mental Health During Pregnancy? A Comparison of Changes in Mental Health in Participants of Physical Exercise Classes and Childbirth Classes." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 12, no. 1 (2015): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0393.
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Background:This study aims to compare the changes in the negative indices of mental health in pregnant women who participated in programs of either physical exercise classes or childbirth classes.Methods:The study was quasi-experimental in nature and run on 109 healthy primigravidae aged from 22 to 37, including 62 women participating in an exercise program (exercise group, E-group) for pregnant women and 47 women attending traditional childbirth classes (childbirth classes group, CC-group). The mental health assessment was performed using Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).Results:The negative indices of mental health did not change over time. Lower levels of somatic symptoms and severe depression, as well as total score, were observed in the E-group (condition effect). Time × condition interactions, as well as analysis of change within the groups, indicated that in the CC-group all indices of disorders increased significantly, whereas in the E-group, only the increase of depression was significant.Conclusions:Regular physical exercises during pregnancy may constitute a factor in the prophylaxis of mental health disorders in pregnant women.
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Zayas, Luis H., and Nancy A. Busch-Rossnagel. "Pregnant Hispanic Women: A Mental Health Study." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 73, no. 9 (1992): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949207300901.
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By most accounts, pregnant Hispanic women are a population at risk for perinatal health and mental health problems. In this article, the authors report on a pilot study of the mental health status of 86 low-income, pregnant Hispanics. Three cases drawn from a community-based, primary care clinic demonstrate how Hispanic women may appear in the clinical setting and how interventions can be designed.
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Syahradesi, Yessy, Fika Lestari, Dina Andriani, Nuriah Arma, Novy Ramini, and Yusnaini b. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY INSTRUMENTAL SUPPORT AND MENTAL READINESS OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN FACING PREGNANCY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (2020): 1078–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12255.
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Pregnancy is a physiological process that can affect womens lives both positively and negatively. The condition of the Covid-19 pandemic is a threat to pregnant women in maintaining their health. The psychological impact will make pregnant women less mentally prepared. Pregnant women have mental readiness because of the support from their families. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between family instrumental support and mental readiness of pregnant women in facing pregnancy during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research method is a descriptive correlational analytic study with a cross sectional approach. The results showed that statistically there was a significant relationship between family instrumental support and the mental readiness of pregnant women in facing pregnancy during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of this study provide several recommendations for the Head of the Puskesmas to implement policies by providing counseling on the support that families can provide to pregnant women, especially instrumental support. The head of the Puskesmas can also organize a family support development program for pregnant women according to the current pandemic conditions.
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Liu, Diane, Emily Younger, Stacy Baker, Stephanie Touch, Tamara Willmoth, and Jessica L. Hartos. "Does Current General Mental Health Status Relate to Current Smoking Status in Pregnant Women?" Journal of Pregnancy 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7801465.
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Purpose. Research shows that smoking during pregnancy is related to mental health diagnoses. The purpose of this study was to assess whether current general mental health status is related to current smoking status in pregnant women after controlling for other factors related to both mental health and tobacco use during pregnancy. Methods. This cross-sectional analysis used 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) data for 621 pregnant women aged 18-38 from Florida (N=136), Kansas (N=116), Minnesota (N=105), Nebraska (N=90), New York (N=78), and Utah (N=96). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between current mental health status and current tobacco use, while controlling for state, depression diagnosis, routine checkup, healthcare plan, age, marital status, ethnicity/race, education level, income level, and employment status. Results. Overall, very few participants reported current smoking (6%) and about one-third reported low or moderate mental health status in the past 30 days. Adjusted results indicated that those who reported high mental health status were about 3 times less likely (OR=0.29, 95% CI=0.09, 0.88) to report current smoking status compared to those who reported low mental health status. Conclusions. Overall, current mental health status was highly related to current smoking status in pregnant women. Clinicians in obstetrics may expect a very low proportion of pregnant women to report smoking and up to one-third to report low or moderate current general mental health status. Given that current mental health issues and current tobacco use may harm both mother and child, be highly related in pregnant women, and change throughout the pregnancy, pregnant women should be screened automatically for both at each visit.
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Yirmiya, Karen, Noa Yakirevich-Amir, Heidi Preis, Amit Lotan, Shir Atzil, and Inbal Reuveni. "Women’s Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Pregnancy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (2021): 4298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084298.
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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has multiple ramifications for pregnant women. Untreated depression during pregnancy may have long-term effects on the mother and offspring. Therefore, delineating the effects of pregnancy on the mental health of reproductive-age women is crucial. This study aims to determine the risk for depressive symptoms in pregnant and non-pregnant women during COVID-19, and to identify its bio-psycho-social contributors. A total of 1114 pregnant and 256 non-pregnant women were recruited via social media in May 2020 to complete an online survey that included depression and anxiety questionnaires, as well as demographic, obstetric and COVID-19-related questionnaires. Pregnant women also completed the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS). Pregnant women reported fewer depressive symptoms and were less concerned that they had COVID-19 than non-pregnant women. Among pregnant women, risk factors for depression included lower income, fewer children, unemployment, thinking that one has COVID-19, high-risk pregnancy, earlier gestational age, and increased pregnancy-related stress. Protective factors included increased partner support, healthy behaviors, and positive appraisal of the pregnancy. Thus, being pregnant is associated with reduced risk for depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Increased social support, engaging in health behaviors and positive appraisal may enhance resilience. Future studies of pregnant versus non-pregnant women could clarify the role of pregnancy during stressful events, and clarify aspects of susceptibility and resilience during pregnancy.
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Perwitasari, Perwitasari, Mohammad Hakimi, and Anjarwati Anjarwati. "The effect of maternal-fetal attachment education on pregnant women’s mental health." Journal of Health Technology Assessment in Midwifery 2, no. 1 (2019): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/jhtam.1043.
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Physiological and psychological changes in pregnancy have a considerable effect on mother’s wellbeing. Hence, in this period pregnant women are vulnerable to develop mental health difficulties due to hormonal alterations and other external factors. Mental health problems during pregnancy may impact to child’s growth and psychological development. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) education on the scores of mental health disorders among pregnant women. This study was quasy-experimental. The sample were 55 pregnant women (28=control group, 27=experimental group) who registered in Community Health Centers. Participants were selected by consecutive sampling technique. Data collection tools were EPDS, SRQ, SSQ-6, and demographic questionnaire. These questionnaires were filled out by both groups as pre-test and two weeks later. The data were analyzed by paired and independent t-test in SPSS/20 with significant levels p0,05). This study indicated that maternal-fetal attachment education might contribute in improving pregnant women’s mental health. The future study should be tested in larger sample sizes with more than two weeks follow up to confirm these results.
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Matthews, Jennifer, Jennifer L. Huberty, Jenn A. Leiferman, Darya McClain, and Linda K. Larkey. "Perceptions, Uses of, and Interests in Complementary Health Care Approaches in Depressed Pregnant Women." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 22, no. 1 (2016): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587216641829.
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Depression affects up to 23% of pregnant women and is associated with adverse physical/mental health outcomes for both the mother and baby. Depressed pregnant women may be more likely to engage in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that contribute to an increased risk for chronic disease. Little is known regarding depressed pregnant women’s perceptions, uses of, and interests in complementary health approaches. Study participants (mean age 28.7 ± 6.8; n = 1032) included pregnant women ≥8 weeks gestation who responded to a survey assessing physical and mental health and wellness practices. Of those completing the survey, depressed pregnant women (n = 272) had significantly higher levels of anxiety ( P < .001) and stress ( P < .001) and had poorer sleep quality ( P < .001), mindfulness ( P < .001), and social support ( P < .001) compared to nondepressed pregnant women (n = 760). A majority (84%) of depressed pregnant women would consider using a complementary health approach for weight and/or stress management during pregnancy, and more than 50% were interested in yoga.
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Kingston, Dawn E., Anne Biringer, Sheila W. McDonald, et al. "Preferences for Mental Health Screening Among Pregnant Women." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 49, no. 4 (2015): e35-e43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.03.026.
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Mayor, Susan. "Guidance recommends asking pregnant women about mental health." BMJ 334, no. 7591 (2007): 445.3–445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39140.438565.db.
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Vakilian, Katayon, Naficeh Seyyed Zadeh Aghdam, and Masoumeh Davod Abadi. "The Relationship between Nausea and Vomiting with General and Psychological Health of Pregnant Women Referral to Clinics in Arak City, 2015." Open Public Health Journal 12, no. 1 (2019): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501912010325.
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Objectives: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between pregnancy and nausea and vomiting with the general and mental health of pregnant women Referral to clinics in Arak in 2015. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at one of the prenatal referral centers of the city of Arak in 2015. A questionnaire was completed for measuring the severity of nausea and vomiting for 310 eligible pregnant women eligible to enter the study. 240 out of 310 people had nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and 70 patients had no nausea and vomiting. Iranian version of SF-36 quality of life questionnaire was used to evaluate general and mental health indicators. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 18 software, descriptive statistics, percentage and mean, analytical T-test and analysis of variance. Results: The prevalence of nausea and vomiting was 77.5% among samples. The rate of mild nausea and vomiting index was moderate in 18.8% and it was observed to be severe in 59.2% and 22.1% of cases. All dimensions of the general health of pregnant women were significantly reduced (p <0.05) except for mental health, which was the same in all 2 groups. Conclusion: Considering that in this study, nausea and vomiting affected the general health and physical functioning of pregnant mothers, therefore it is suggested that health care providers have more emphasis on pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical techniques to reduce or improve these symptoms in a pregnant woman.
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Aryanti, Aryanti, Karneli Karneli, and Sella. "Hubungan Dukungan Suami pada Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kunjungan Antenatal Care (ANC) Di BPM Soraya Palembang." Cendekia Medika 5, no. 2 (2020): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.52235/cendekiamedika.v5i2.68.
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The period of pregnancy is the health status of pregnant women which can be determined by examining and pregnancy at the closest health service called Antenatal care (ANC) pre-delivery care or care for pregnant women. ANC is a pregnancy to optimize the mental and physical health of pregnant women. Thus being able to deal with childbirth, during childbirth, breastfeeding, and returning to health naturally. Antenatal care examination is a pregnancy that is performed for periodic examination of the mother and fetus, followed by correction of deviations. The pregnancy period is the health status of pregnant women which can be known by examining their pregnancy checks at the nearest health service called ANC care before delivery or care for pregnant women. Antenatal care (ANC) is a pregnancy to optimize the mental and physical health of pregnant women. An antenatal care examination is a pregnancy performed for periodic examination of the mother and fetus, which is followed by corrective action against the prescribed. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between husband supports in pregnant women on the Antenatal Care (ANC) visit at Private Midwifery Palembang. This study used qualitative descriptive research with a sectional cross-sectional design. The significant result with the Chi-square test was α = 0.05. The sample was 25 pregnant mothers. In this study, the results of mothers who received husband support were 23 respondents (92%), while mothers who did not receive husband support were 2 respondents (8%). Mothers who had good Antenatal Care visits were 23 respondents (92%), while those who were not good at conducting Antenatal Care visits were 2 respondents (8%). Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis. The statistical test results obtained ρ value = 0,000. It could be concluded that there was a significant correlation between husband's support for pregnant mothers and ANC visit in 2019 at Private Midwifery Palembang.
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Suparare, Liana, Stuart J. Watson, Ray Binns, Jacqueline Frayne, and Megan Galbally. "Is intimate partner violence more common in pregnant women with severe mental illness? A retrospective study." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 66, no. 3 (2020): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019897286.
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Objective: To examine the risk of past and current experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) in women with severe mental illness (SMI) in pregnancy. Methods: We examined past and current experiences of IPV in women with SMI in pregnancy. The data of 304 women with SMI including schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders and Bipolar Disorder meeting International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) criteria were extracted from hospital records at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Western Australia. Comparisons were made between our study data and the Australian population data reported by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, which included data on pregnant women in Western Australia. Additional measures included reported demographics, substance use and pregnancy variables. Results: Around 48% of pregnant women with SMI had experienced IPV and were three times the risk when compared with the general pregnant population in Australia. There was no difference in rates of IPV in those women with psychotic disorders when compared with bipolar disorder. Furthermore, the rates of smoking and illicit substance use were significantly higher in pregnant women with SMI who experienced IPV compared with those who have not experienced IPV. Conclusion: These findings suggest women with SMI in pregnancy are at significantly higher risk of having experienced or experiencing IPV. In addition, IPV in pregnant women with SMI may increase the risk of smoking and illicit substance use. Together this suggests that maternity and mental health services should ensure there are both screening and support pathways for IPV that are developed and evaluated specifically for pregnant women with SMI.
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Kingston, Dawn, Anne Biringer, Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten, et al. "Pregnant Women’s Perceptions of the Risks and Benefits of Disclosure During Web-Based Mental Health E-Screening Versus Paper-Based Screening: Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Mental Health 4, no. 4 (2017): e42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.6888.
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Background Pregnant women’s perceptions of the risks and benefits during mental health screening impact their willingness to disclose concerns. Early research in violence screening suggests that such perceptions may vary by mode of screening, whereby women view the anonymity of e-screening as less risky than other approaches. Understanding whether mode of screening influences perceptions of risk and benefit of disclosure is important in screening implementation. Objective The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the perceptions of pregnant women randomized to a Web-based screening intervention group and a paper-based screening control group on the level of risk and benefit they perceive in disclosing mental health concerns to their prenatal care provider. A secondary objective was to identify factors associated with women’s perceptions of risk and benefit of disclosure. Methods Pregnant women recruited from maternity clinics, hospitals, and prenatal classes were computer-randomized to a fully automated Web-based e-screening intervention group or a paper-based control. The intervention group completed the Antenatal Psychosocial Health Assessment and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale on a computer tablet, whereas the control group completed them on paper. The primary outcome was women’s perceptions of the risk and benefits of mental health screening using the Disclosure Expectations Scale (DES). A completer analysis was conducted. Statistical significance was set at P<.05. We used t tests to compare the means of the risk and benefit subscales between groups. Results Of the 675 eligible women approached, 636 (94.2%) agreed to participate and were randomized to the intervention (n=305) and control (n=331) groups. There were no significant baseline differences between groups. The mode of screening was not associated with either perceived risk or benefit of screening. There were no differences in groups in the mean scores of the risk and benefit of disclosure subscales. Over three-quarters of women in both intervention and control groups perceived that mental health screening was beneficial. However, 43.1% (272/631) of women in both groups reported feeling very, moderately, or somewhat vulnerable during mental health screening. We found that women of low income, those treated previously for depression or anxiety, and those pregnant with their first child were more likely to perceive greater risk. However, these associations were very small. Conclusions Pregnant women in both the e-screening and paper-based screening groups perceived benefit and risk of disclosure similarly, suggesting that providers can implement the mode of screening that is most ideal for their clinical setting. Regardless of the mode of screening, a substantial number of women reported feeling vulnerable during mental health screening, highlighting the importance of the need to reduce women’s vulnerability throughout the screening process with strategies such as addressing women’s concerns, explaining the rationale for screening, and discussing how results will be used. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01899534; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01899534 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6tRKtGC4M)
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McCauley-Elsom, Kay, and Jayashri Kulkarni. "Managing Psychosis in Pregnancy." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 3 (2007): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670601172798.
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Objective: This article provides an introduction to the complex issues surrounding the management of women who have a history of psychosis and who become pregnant. Balancing the mental wellbeing of the woman and the safety and wellbeing of the baby is a complex task for both the expectant mother and the health professionals involved in her care. Clinical picture: Within this article the complexity of the issues will be outlined as a case report of a woman with a history of psychotic related disorders, who was also pregnant. Treatment: The woman was being case managed by a Mental Health Service in Victoria, Australia, and was included on the National Register of Antipsychotic Medications in Pregnancy Register (NRAMP) recently established at the Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (APRC). Outcome: The profile of women with a history of previous mental illness, and who are pregnant, often includes a poor psychosocial history and involvement with child protection agencies with regard to custody of the children. Well meant but poorly coordinated decisions by health professionals result in sub-optimal outcomes for both mother and infant. Conclusion: There is a need for the exploration of the management and experiences of women who have a history of psychosis and who are pregnant. This case example highlights the complexity of issues surrounding the management of this vulnerable group of women and their babies.
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Salih Joelsson, L., T. Tydén, K. Wanggren, et al. "Anxiety and depression symptoms among sub-fertile women, women pregnant after infertility treatment, and naturally pregnant women." European Psychiatry 45 (September 2017): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.07.004.
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AbstractBackground:Infertility has been associated with psychological distress, but whether these symptoms persist after achieving pregnancy via assisted reproductive technology (ART) remains unclear. We compared the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms between women seeking for infertility treatment and women who conceived after ART or naturally.Methods:Four hundred and sixty-eight sub-fertile non-pregnant women, 2972 naturally pregnant women and 143 women pregnant after ART completed a questionnaire in this cross-sectional study. The Anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A≥8) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS≥12) were used for assessing anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Multivariate Poisson regression models with robust variance were applied to explore associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms.Results:The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among sub-fertile, non-pregnant women (57.6% and 15.7%, respectively) were significantly higher compared to women pregnant after ART (21.1% and 8.5%, respectively) and naturally pregnant women (18.8% and 10.3%, respectively). History of psychiatric diagnosis was identified as an independent risk factor for both anxiety and depressive symptoms. The presence of at least one unhealthy lifestyle behavior (daily tobacco smoking, weekly alcohol consumption, BMI≥25, and regular physical exercise < 2 h/week) was also associated with anxiety (Prevalence Ratio, PR: 1.24; 95%CI: 1.09–1.40) and depressive symptoms (PR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.04–1.49).Conclusions:Women pregnant after ART showed no difference in anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to naturally pregnant women. However, early psychological counseling and management of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors for sub-fertile women may be advisable, particularly for women with a previous history of psychiatric diagnosis.
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Kalcev, Goce, Antonio Preti, Germano Orrù, and Mauro Giovanni Carta. "Perinatal Mental Health: One of the Biggest Challenges in Coronavirus Disease-19 Crisis." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, T1 (2020): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5058.
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Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 epidemic is currently conceived as one of the major factors for stress and anxiety for pregnant women around the world. Stress, especially in early pregnancy, is a risk factor for preterm birth. The negative impact of quarantine on mental health in pregnant women should also be taken into account. A large number of benefits of breastfeeding for the mental and physical well-being of both mother and newborn outweigh the potential risks of COVID-19-related transmission and disease. Prenatal and postnatal mental health should be prioritized in facing the current ongoing pandemic.
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Lee, Eunwon, and Jiyoung Song. "The Effect of Physical and Mental Health and Health Behavior on the Self-Rated Health of Pregnant Women." Healthcare 9, no. 9 (2021): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091117.
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Self-rated health (SRH) is an evaluation tool to assess an individual’s level of health, including both general health and personal experience. There have been existing studies on women’s SRH; however, few studies have been on pregnant women’s SRH and its associated factors. This study investigated the SRH of pregnant women and their factors using the Korea Community Health Survey. The chi-squared test and multivariable logistic regression were used to investigate the effects of demographic, physical, and mental health and health behaviors on the SRH of pregnant women. As a result of the study, 54.0% out of 1032 pregnant women had good SRH. Their SRH score was good when they were young, economically active, and living in cities. Poor SRH was observed with depression, hypertension, and after experiencing a fall. Good SRH was found when they exercised and slept for more than 8 h a day. This study is the first to observe the SRH of pregnant women and its related factors in South Korea.
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Bowen, Angela, Marilyn Baetz, Nora Mckee, and Nancy Klebaum. "Optimizing Maternal Mental Health Within A Primary Health Care Centre: A Model Program." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 27, no. 2 (2008): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2008-0021.
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Depression is a common problem that affects approximately 10 to 15% of pregnant and postpartum women. Health care providers often fail to recognize depression in this population, and pregnant and postpartum women may be reluctant to seek help because of the stigma associated with mental illness. This article describes the Maternal Mental Health Program, an innovative, shared care program that brings together previously fragmented services and co-locates multidisciplinary clinicians within a primary care setting. This approach shows promise with respect to improving mental health outcomes; meeting the needs of women, health care students, and service providers; and increasing awareness of and access to specialized mental health care.
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Adhikari, Bhabani. "Promotion of Perinatal Mental Health." NUTA Journal 5, no. 1-2 (2018): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nutaj.v5i1-2.23454.
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The aim of this paper is to discuss different aspects of perinatal mental health like; risk factor, impact, issues and to suggest the guidelines for promotion of perinatal mental health. Perinatal mental health is an emerging concept, generally refers to the period 22 completed weeks (i.e. 154 days) of gestation and ending seven completed days after birth. During the pregnancy women may suffer from different mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. Lack of nutritious food, proper healthy housing, and adequate time for rest, quality health services and positive support by the intimacy partner are major responsible factors for getting mental disorder during perinatal period. Problem with in-laws and domestic violence are also responsible for this. Individual, family, community and national agencies should aware the problem and difficulties of the perinatal period and ways to eliminating the associated problems by their action and efforts. Without waiting the sign and symptoms of depression all well pregnant women need to be screened as part of their perinatal health check.
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Crempien, R. Carla, Graciela Rojas, Patricio Cumsille, and M. Camila Oda. "Domestic Violence during Pregnancy and Mental Health: Exploratory Study in Primary Health Centers in Peñalolén." ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011 (October 28, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/265817.
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Objective. To determine the prevalence of domestic violence in a sample of pregnant women attending Primary Health Centers in Peñalolén (Peñalolén is a low income district in the Metropolitan Region in Santiago de Chile.), to explore risk facts for domestic violence during pregnancy, and to establish associations with their psychological health. Method and Materials. 256 pregnant women were assessed with a domestic violence screening and a questionnaire on mental symptoms. Frequency and correlations analysis were developed. Results. 5, 9% of the participants reported physical violence during current pregnancy. Emotional violence ascended to 30, 1% of the cases. Main risk facts found were as follows: having suffered violence along lifetime and physical violence during the last year. Anxiety and depressive symptoms positively correlated to domestic violence during pregnancy, but also to previous domestic violence experiences. Conclusions. Domestic violence during pregnancy is a prevalent problem and domestic violence history constitutes an alert to its occurrence. Positive and significant association to psychological disturbances suggests the need to detect it early during antenatal care.
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Grussu, Pietro, Ilaria Lega, Rosa Maria Quatraro, and Serena Donati. "Perinatal mental health around the world: priorities for research and service development in Italy." BJPsych International 17, no. 1 (2019): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2019.31.
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In Italy, most studies on perinatal mental health and initiatives aimed at improving the early detection and management of perinatal mental disorders have been carried out at the local level. National population-based studies are lacking. A study of pregnant women, recruited and diagnosed by a university hospital, found a 12.4% prevalence of minor and major depression during pregnancy, and a prevalence of 9.6% in the postpartum period. In a population-based surveillance system, covering 77% of national births, suicide was identified to be one of the main causes of maternal death within the first year after birth, yet half of those who were known to have a high suicide risk during the postpartum period had not been referred to a mental health service. The value of recognising depressive or anxiety symptoms early, during pregnancy, has been emphasised by recent research and should be linked to multi-professional psychosocial interventions. Since 2017, the Italian public primary care services that are dedicated to pregnancy assistance (Family Care Centres) have been tasked to provide free psychological assessment to pregnant and postpartum women. Action is now needed in order to improve access to Italian Family Care Centres for pregnant women and to develop an integrated care model involving obstetric and mental health services.
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Borri, C., M. Mauri, S. Banti, et al. "PW01-260 - Depression during pregnancy: comparison between pregnant depressed women and non pregnant depressed women." European Psychiatry 25 (2010): 1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(10)71667-9.
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Jalali, Amir, Sousan Heydarpour, Fatemeh Tohidinejad, and Nader Salari. "Cognitive-behavioral counseling and mental health of pregnant women." Heliyon 6, no. 2 (2020): e03463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03463.
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Kaur, Harshmeet. "Managing mental health of pregnant women during COVID-19." Onco Fertility Journal 3, no. 1 (2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tofj.tofj_4_20.
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Machado, Márcia Maria Tavares, Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha, Marcia C. Castro, et al. "COVID-19 and mental health of pregnant women in Ceará, Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 55 (June 2, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003225.
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OBJECTIVE To assess the perceptions of pregnant women about COVID-19 and the prevalence of common mental disorders during the implemented social distancing period. METHODS This was an observational, cross-sectional study using digital media, of pregnant women exposed to social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in Fortaleza, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. Common mental disorders were estimated using the modified Self-Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) scale, and the feelings towards COVID-19 were assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 scale through telephone calls made in May 2020. COX multivariate regression models were used to verify the associations. RESULTS Of the 1,041 pregnant women, 45.7% (95%CI: 42.7–48.8) had common mental disorders (CMD). All items of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale showed a significant association with the prevalence of CMD (p < 0.001). A CMD risk gradient was observed, going from a prevalence ratio of 1.52 (95%CI: 1.13–2.04) in pregnant women with two positive items to 2.70 (95%CI: 2.08–3.51) for those with four positive items. Early gestational age and the lack of prenatal care were also associated with CMD. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of common mental disorders in pregnant women was high during the period of social distancing and was aggravated by negative feelings towards COVID-19.
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E, Arachselvi, and Bala ThirupuraSundari Mrs. K.S. "A study on problem faced by pregnant women." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 04 (2020): 2769–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201385.
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Pakzad, Mona, Mahrokh Dolatian, Yahia Jahangiri, Malihe Nasiri, and Amir Emami Zeydi. "Relationship between Islamic Lifestyle and Mental Health in Pregnant Women : A Cross-Sectional Study." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 19, no. 3 (2020): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v19i3.45854.
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Objective: Mental health problems in women during pregnancy are widely associated with the negative consequences of pregnancy. Various factors can affect the mental health improvement in pregnancy. The effects of lifestyle and especially the Islamic lifestyle on mental health are unknown. Therefore, the researcher determined to examine the correlation between the Islamic lifestyle and women’s mental health in pregnancy.
 Materials and Methods: The study on 300 pregnant women referred to the clinics affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences was carried out as descriptive cross-sectional. The research tools included the Islamic lifestyle questionnaire and DASS-21.
 Results: The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between mental health and the Islamic lifestyle. (r = -0.310). The regression test results show that the mean score of the mental health problems decreases 0.09 per unit by increasing an Islamic lifestyle score.
 Conclusion: Since the results show that there is a significant negative relationship between Islamic lifestyle and the women’s mental health, interventional studies are suggested to increase awareness and change lifestyle in order to improve the mental health.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(3) 2020 p.394-400
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Rodríguez-Blanque, Raquel, María José Aguilar-Cordero, Ana Eugenia Marín-Jiménez, María José Menor-Rodríguez, Maria Montiel-Troya, and Juan Carlos Sánchez-García. "Water Exercise and Quality of Life in Pregnancy: A Randomised Clinical Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (2020): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041288.
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Background: Physical exercise helps to maintain a healthy lifestyle and its practice is recommended for women during pregnancy as a means of limiting the negative effects on the body that may take place and to optimise well-being, mood and sleep patterns, as well as encouraging daily physical activity, enhancing the ability to work and preventing pregnancy-related complications. Aim: To analyse the quality of life in pregnancy for women who complete a programme of moderate physical activity in water, following a designed method that the woman can perform physical exercise safely during pregnancy called the SWEP (study of water exercise during pregnancy) method. Materials and methods: A randomised clinical trial was performed. One hundred and twenty-nine pregnant women were randomly assigned either to an exercise class following the SWEP method (EG, n = 65) or to a control group (CG, n = 64). The trial began in week 20 of pregnancy (May 2016) and ended in week 37 (October 2016). Heath-related quality of life (HRQoL) was evaluated with the SF36v2 health questionnaire at weeks 12 and 35 of pregnancy. Results: The HRQoL score decreased significantly between weeks 12 and 35 of gestation, except for the mental health component, which in the CG fell by −3.28 points and in the EG increased slightly (p > 0.05). Among the CG, the score for the mental health component at week 35 was ≤42, indicating a positive screening risk of depression (39.20 ± 4.16). Conclusions: Physical activity programmes in water, such as SWEP, enhance the HRQoL of pregnant women.
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Wang, Qian, Bo Song, Jiangli Di, et al. "Intentions to Seek Mental Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Chinese Pregnant Women With Probable Depression or Anxiety: Cross-sectional, Web-Based Survey Study." JMIR Mental Health 8, no. 2 (2021): e24162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24162.
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Background Mental health problems are prevalent among pregnant women, and it is expected that their mental health will worsen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the underutilization of mental health services among pregnant women has been widely documented. Objective We aimed to identify factors that are associated with pregnant women’s intentions to seek mental health services. We specifically assessed pregnant women who were at risk of mental health problems in mainland China. Methods A web-based survey was conducted from February to March, 2020 among 19,515 pregnant women who were recruited from maternal health care centers across various regions of China. A subsample of 6248 pregnant women with probable depression (ie, those with a score of ≥10 on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire) or anxiety (ie, those with a score of ≥5 on the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder Scale) was included in our analysis. Results More than half (3292/6248, 52.7%) of the participants reported that they did not need mental health services. Furthermore, 28.3% (1770/6248) of participants felt that they needed mental health services, but had no intentions of seeking help, and only 19% (1186/6248) felt that they needed mental health services and had intentions of seek help. The results from our multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, education level, and gestational age were factors of not seeking help. However, COVID-19–related lockdowns in participants’ cities of residence, social support during the COVID-19 pandemic, and trust in health care providers were protective factors of participants’ intentions to seek help from mental health services. Conclusions Interventions that promote seeking help for mental health problems among pregnant women should also promote social support from health care providers and trust between pregnant women and their care providers.
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Zakharova, I. N., S. V. Mal’tsev, V. V. Zubkov, et al. "Effect of vitamin D on the pregnancy and the health of newborns and infants: state-of-the-art." Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health 3, no. 3 (2020): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-3-174-181.
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This paper reviews the effects of vitamin D deficiency on pregnant women and newborns. It was demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women is associated with higher risks of threatened preterm labor, placental insufficiency, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, bacterial vaginosis, and impaired uterine contractility as well as higher rate of C-sections. Vitamin D insufficiency in newborns is associated with inadequate bone mineralization and also results in metabolic disorders, hypocalcemic seizures, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotic enterocolitis, sepsis, mental and developmental disorders, and higher risks of various (infectious, allergic etc.) disorders. Optimal vitamin D dosing regimen in pregnant women and newborns is discussed.KEYWORDS: pregnancy, vitamin D, vitamin D insufficiency, newborn, complications of pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes.FOR CITATION: Zakharova I.N., Mal’tsev S.V., Zubkov V.V. et al. Effect of vitamin D on the pregnancy and the health of newborns and infants: state-of-the-art. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(3):174–181. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-3-174-181.
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Bailey, Leisa A., and B. Jo Hailey. "The Psychological Experience of Pregnancy." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 16, no. 3 (1987): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/h2r0-t0uc-bknb-7xyr.
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The goal of this investigation was to evaluate objectively the psychological experience of pregnancy. Previous research, using symptoms checklists, interview information, and projective testing strategies has suggested that pregnancy presents a woman with emotional and psychological changes. The goal of this study was to substantiate objectively the assertion that pregnant women have different psychological experiences and emotional needs than nonpregnant women. To assess these needs a group of nineteen women experiencing their first pregnancy was compared to a nonpregnant control group on a variety of objective personality measures. The investigation results indicated that the pregnant women differed from the nonpregnant women on some fundamental dimensions of personality. These differences included a stronger introverted, inward personality orientation, and a lower level of self-acceptance and independence. Suggestions for future research are offered.
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Sostaric, Matea, and Natasa Jokic-Begic. "The Importance of the Internet in Obtaining Healthrelated Information in Pregnant Women." Socijalna psihijatrija 48, no. 2 (2020): 210–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24869/spsih.2020.210.
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The Internet has become a commonly used medium through which persons obtain information on health. Women use the Internet more often to obtain health-related information, and their tendency towards searching the Internet for information increases during pregnancy, which is a very important period in their lives. This review article presents findings on the phenomenon of searching the Internet for health-related information in pregnant women. It includes a detailed description of facilitating and inhibiting factors due to which pregnant women engage in Internet searches on health, as well as processes within the healthcare system that lead to such searches. We describe the most commonly used internet sources for health-related information and the most common search topics in pregnant women. Various aspects of the reliability of the information intended for pregnant women that can be found on the Internet are described, as well as factors that they take into account when evaluating the accuracy and the relevance of the information. We also present a concise overview of the demographic, obstetric, and psychological characteristics of pregnant women due to which they are more prone to web searches on information related to health. The psychological characteristics described herein comprise health literacy, self-efficacy, health-related locus of control, health-related anxiety, and pregnancy-specific anxiety. We explain the effects and consequences of Internet searches on the functioning and wellbeing of pregnant women, with an emphasis on compulsive web searches and intensification of anxiety after searching. Finally, we describe the importance of research in this area given the numerous practical applications.
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Schwank, Simone Eliane, Ho-Fung Chung, Mandy Hsu, et al. "Mental health of Urban Mothers (MUM) study: a multicentre randomised controlled trial, study protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (2020): e041133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041133.
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IntroductionMental health disorders are common during pregnancy and the postnatal period and can have serious adverse effects on women and their children. The consequences for global mental health due to COVID-19 are likely to be significant and may have a long-term impact on the global burden of disease. Besides physical vulnerability, pregnant women are at increased risk of mental health problems such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder due to the consequences of social distancing. It can result in altered healthcare routines, less support from the family and friends, and in some cases, partners not being allowed to be present during prenatal visits, labour and delivery. Higher than expected, rates of perinatal anxiety and depression have been already reported during the pandemic. Pregnant women may also feel insecure and worried about the effects of COVID-19 on their unborn child if they get infected during pregnancy. Today, young urban women are used to using internet services frequently and efficiently. Therefore, providing mental health support to pregnant women via internet may be effective in ameliorating their anxiety/depression, reducing the risk of serious mental health disorders, and lead to improved maternal and perinatal outcomes.Overarching aimOur aim is to explore the effectiveness of a web-based psychosocial peer-to-peer support intervention in reducing the risk and severity of perinatal mental health disorders and preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women living in metropolitan urban settings.Methods and analysisWe plan to conduct a multicentre prospective randomised controlled trial, Mental health of Urban Mothers trial. Pregnant women living in large metropolitan cities will be recruited using internet-based application through non-profit organisations’ websites. The women who consent will be randomised to receive a web-based peer-to-peer support intervention or usual care. Data will be analysed to identify the effects of intervention on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score and Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 scores as well as pregnancy outcomes. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on maternal stress will be assesed using Impact Event Scale-R. Any differences in outcomes between cities will be addressed in subgroup analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be conducted according to the principles of Good Clinical Practice and will follow the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol has been approved by the ethical review board of Chinese University of Hong Kong (IRB number 2019-8170) and Shanghai Center for Women’s and Children’s Health (international review board (IRB) number 2020-F001-12). The results will be disseminated at national and international scientific conferences, published in peer-reviewed medical journals and spread to the public through social media, news outlets and podcasts.Trial registration numberNCT04363177; Trial sponsor Karolinska Institute, CLINTEC, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lichtenberger, Aldana, Karina Conde, Raquel Inés Peltzer, María Ayelén Biscarra, Santiago Gonzáles, and Mariana Cremonte. "Alcohol drinking in pregnant women from an Argentinian city." Health and Addictions/Salud y Drogas 20, no. 1 (2020): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v20i1.474.
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Alcohol drinking during pregnancy might lead to detrimental consequences to the mother and fetus, being Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) the most severe. In many Latin-American countries, there is a paucity of information about prenatal exposure to alcohol. Aim. To estimate alcohol drinking in pregnant women and describe it concerning sociodemographic characteristics. Method. Data were collected from a random sample of women attending the public health care system (N=852) in 2016. Alcohol drinking, including binge drinking (BD), was evaluated before and after pregnancy recognition. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Results. While pregnant, two out of ten women reported drinking. Moreover, 2% engaged in BD and 3% presented indicators of alcohol dependence. BD before pregnancy was related to drinking during pregnancy and frequency, quantity, and BD before pregnancy with BD during pregnancy. Conclusions. Alcohol consumption in pregnant women was higher than the estimated for most Latin-American countries, and of the considered characteristics, was almost exclusively related to consumption patterns before pregnancy.
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Shah, Nisha, and Louise Howard. "Screening for smoking and substance misuse in pregnant women with mental illness." Psychiatric Bulletin 30, no. 8 (2006): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.30.8.294.
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Aims and MethodSmoking and substance misuse adversely affect the outcome of pregnancy and psychiatric patients are known to smoke more than other patients. Data collected at the time of routine antenatal booking were analysed to investigate whether pregnant women with mental health problems smoke more than other pregnant women.ResultsData were collected from 156 women. Those with a psychiatric diagnosis (n=76) were significantly more likely to smoke (P<0.001). Associations were also found with illicit drug use and previous termination of pregnancy. The most common psychiatric diagnosis was depression (62%). A diagnosis of schizophrenia was not recorded for any of the women.Clinical ImplicationsThe strong association between smoking and psychiatric diagnosis results in an increased risk of obstetric complications in psychiatric patients. Anti-smoking interventions might be delivered by adequately trained midwives and opportunistically during contact with mental health professionals.
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Henshaw, Carol. "Reproductive risk: its role in maternal mental health." International Psychiatry 7, no. 3 (2010): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600005919.
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For many women, pregnancy and childbirth are not without substantial risk in terms of new-onset, recurrent or existing mental disorder. This has consequences not only in terms of poor maternal mental health but also in terms of increased pregnancy- and delivery-related morbidity and can have a significant negative impact on the wellbeing of the fetus or neonate. New-onset disorders such as postnatal depression and puerperal psychosis have been recognised for some considerable time but it is also becoming apparent that, with the exception of anorexia nervosa, severe intellectual disability and possibly schizophrenia, conception rates among women with all types of mental disorder are the same as those in the general population. In high-income countries, the widespread use of atypical antipsychotics, most of which do not impair reproductive function, may lead to increased conception rates in women with schizophrenia. In addition, pregnancy and childbirth are multifactorial stressors which may render women with previous mental disorders vulnerable to a recurrence. Hence it is no surprise that studies in urban, low-income and ethnically diverse populations in the USA estimate that around a third of pregnant women are suffering from a mental disorder when substance misuse is included (e.g. Kim et al, 2006).
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Samavi, S. Abdolvahab, Samaneh Najarpourian, and Moosa Javdan. "The Effectiveness of Group Hope Therapy in Labor Pain and Mental Health of Pregnant Women." Psychological Reports 122, no. 6 (2018): 2063–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118798625.
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In the present study, the effect of group hope therapy on labor pain and mental health of pregnant women was investigated, in consideration of the Iranian health policy’s emphasis on encouraging women to have a healthy delivery. The research plan was a semiexperimental pretest–posttest design with a control group. A total of 36 pregnant women were assigned to the treatment and control group using a random procedure. General Health Questionnaire and a Visual Analog Scale were used to collect data about dependent variables. For the analysis of hypotheses, independent samples t test and covariance analysis were used. The findings showed that hope therapy had a significant effect on labor pain (t = 5.17; P < 0.001) and mental health (F = 28.21; P < 0.001). In general, the findings of the present study confirm the application of group hope therapy in relieving labor pain and increasing the mental health of pregnant women. This therapeutic approach can simultaneously reduce the labor pain, generate positive emotions in women, and turn the experience of delivery into a pleasant one.
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Caparros-Gonzalez, Rafael A., Ana Ganho-Ávila, and Alejandro de la Torre-Luque. "The COVID-19 Pandemic Can Impact Perinatal Mental Health and the Health of the Offspring." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10110162.
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The COVID-19 ongoing pandemic constitutes a major challenge for countries throughout the world due to the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 and devastating consequences in health. No one is free from COVID-19 impact. In this regard, pregnant women are not the exception. The COVID-19 outbreak represents a massive source of stressful agents for women and their babies during the perinatal period. The COVID-19 pandemic has been suggested to potentially have short- and long-term detrimental effects on pregnant women and the baby. These adverse consequences range from mental to medical diseases. During the last centuries, several dreadful and fatal incidents have put pregnant women and their babies at higher risk of mortality and health deterioration. For example, it has been informed that women exposed to the 1918 flu pandemic (commonly known as the Spanish flu) while pregnant showed higher rates of premature delivery in the short term. Long-term consequences have also been reported and individuals (both males and females) who were exposed to the 1918 flu pandemic while in utero had a higher risk of developing schizophrenia, diabetes, coronary heart disease or cancer throughout their lifespan.
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Ayaz, Reyhan, Meryem Hocaoğlu, Taner Günay, Oğuz devrim Yardımcı, Abdulkadir Turgut, and Ateş Karateke. "Anxiety and depression symptoms in the same pregnant women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 48, no. 9 (2020): 965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2020-0380.
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AbstractObjectivesWith clinical experience from previous coronavirus infections, public health measures and fear of infection may have negative psychological effects on pregnant women. This study aimed to compare the level of anxiety and depression in the same pregnant women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe pregnant women continuing pregnancy who participated in the first study which was undertaken to clarify the factors associated with mental health of pregnant women before the COVID-19 pandemic, were included for the current study during the outbreak. Anxiety and depression symptoms of the same pregnant women were evaluated by using the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms II and Beck Anxiety Inventory twice before and during the pandemic.ResultsA total of 63 pregnant women completed questionnaires. The mean age of the women and the mean gestational age was 30.35±5.27 years and 32.5±7 weeks, respectively. The mean total IDAS II score was found to increase from 184.78±49.67 (min: 109, max: 308) to 202.57±52.90 (min: 104, max: 329) before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. According to the BAI scores the number of patients without anxiety (from 10 to 6) and with mild anxiety (from 31 to 24) decreased and patients with moderate (from 20 to 25) and severe anxiety (from 2 to 8) increased after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that obesity and relationship with her husband are the best predictors of IDAS II scores.ConclusionsThis study indicated that COVID-19 outbreak affects the mental health of pregnant women negatively which leads to adverse birth outcomes. The level of anxiety and depression symptoms of pregnant women during the COVID-19 infection significantly increased. Healthcare professionals should establish comprehensive treatment plans for pregnant women who are highly vulnerable population to prevent mental trauma during the infectious disease outbreaks.
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Rehman, Bilal Ur, Javid Ahmad, Rauf Ur Rashid Kaul, and Mohammad Kaleem ul Haque. "An epidemiological study to assess the mental health status of pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 6 (2017): 2580. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20172355.
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Background: Pregnancy is a major psychological, as well as physiological event; women may find themselves unable to cope with additional demands of pregnancy. Mental illness during pregnancy-whether anxiety, depression or more severe psychiatric disorders-can have a significant negative impact on a mother and her baby. Poor psychological health has been associated with low birth weight, premature birth, perinatal and infant death, postnatal depression, as well as long term behavioural and psychological impacts on the child. Depressive disorders are a common source of disability among women. Mental health problems during pregnancy and postpartum periods are one of the alarming health issue among women. Community-based epidemiological data on antenatal depression from developing countries is scarce. This study was conducted to assess the mental health status of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of tertiary care hospital, SKIMS, Srinagar (J and K).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted over a period of six months from 1stSeptember 2016 to 28th February 2017 among randomly selected pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of tertiary care hospital, SKIMS, Srinagar. A total of 200 pregnant women formed the study subjects. Data was collected by interviewing the pregnant women using pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using Statistical Programme for the social science (SPSS) version 19.0.Results: Amongst the study population, prevalence of depressive disorder was 26%. The depression was significantly increasing with advancing pregnancy and advancing age. Socio-economic status and depression was associated statistically significant (p=0.024). Women with bad relationship with in laws had significantly more depression compared to those who had good relationship with in laws (P=0.0037). The association between parity and depressive disorder was statistically insignificant(P=0,7144).Conclusions: When we care for mother we care for two live and live without psychological consideration is completely materialistic. A depressive symptom occurs commonly during 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy, drawing attention to a need to screen for depression during antenatal care. Maternal health policies, a priority in developing countries, must integrate maternal depression as a disorder of public health importance. Intervention should target women in the early antenatal period.
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Kumar, M. T. "Epidemiology of Substance Use in Pregnancy." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70314-1.
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An understanding of the epidemiology of alcohol and drug use in young women is important to appreciate the considerable morbidity and mortality associated with it and to understand the impact of such use on offspring. Although abstention rates are consistently higher among women than men in general substance misuse is increasing in young women. Differences in definitions, measurement techniques, availability, social acceptability and affordability partly explain the great variability in reported prevalence rates. Alcohol exposure among pregnant women varies from 0.2% to 14.8%. An Australian national survey revealed that nearly half of pregnant and or breast-feeding women up to 6 months postpartum were using alcohol. A Swedish study reported risky use of alcohol during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy, at 15%. Cannabis use among pregnant women varies from 1.8% to 15%. The reported prevalence of opiate use during pregnancy ranges from 1.65 to 8.5%. Cocaine use among pregnant women is reported to be between 0.3% and 9.5. Most pregnant women stop or reduce their substance use during pregnancy and this might be an opportune moment for detection and treatment. Substance use tends to increase sharply in the postpartum period with adverse consequences on mother and baby. Perinatal substance misuse interventions can reduce adverse neonatal outcomes. On the basis of relatively high rate of substance use disorders during pregnancy and postpartum period, effective screening and intervention strategies should be implemented.
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Kumar, M. T. "Epidemiology of Substance use in Pregnancy." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70541-3.
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An understanding of the epidemiology of alcohol and drug use in young women is important to appreciate the considerable morbidity and mortality associated with it and to understand the impact of such use on offspring. Although abstention rates are consistently higher among women than men in general substance misuse is increasing in young women. Differences in definitions, measurement techniques, availability, social acceptability and affordability partly explain the great variability in reported prevalence rates. Alcohol exposure among pregnant women varies from 0.2% to 14.8%. An Australian national survey revealed that nearly half of pregnant and or breast-feeding women up to 6 months postpartum were using alcohol. A Swedish study reported risky use of alcohol during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy, at 15%. Cannabis use among pregnant women varies from 1.8% to 15%. The reported prevalence of opiate use during pregnancy ranges from 1.65 to 8.5%. Cocaine use among pregnant women is reported to be between 0.3% and 9.5. Most pregnant women stop or reduce their substance use during pregnancy and this might be an opportune moment for detection and treatment. Substance use tends to increase sharply in the postpartum period with adverse consequences on mother and baby. Perinatal substance misuse interventions can reduce adverse neonatal outcomes. On the basis of relatively high rate of substance use disorders during pregnancy and postpartum period, effective screening and intervention strategies should be implemented.
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Kitanovic, B., L. Tulic, and I. Soldatovic. "Women coping strategies to infertility stress can impact IVF outcome." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2342.
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Infertility is defined as a failure to achieve a pregnancy after a woman has attempted to get pregnant for more than 12 months. The impact of psychosocial factors on IVF outcome is a growing field of research. This is the first study estimating the impact of psychosocial stress and women coping on IVF outcome in Serbia. In the cohort of Serbian women, it has been remarked that they predominantly use active confronting coping style. We found statistically significant differences ways of coping styles between pregnant and non-pregnant group. Women from the pregnant group had significantly lower scores of marital distress, and significantly higher use of meaning based coping styles. It is found that the use of active avoidance coping correlates negatively with the level of depression and personal, marital and social distress, and total fertility distress. Clinicians should be aware that infertility is a stressor itself and that coping strategies can influence IVF outcome. Therefore, psychosocial assessment should be a part of an IVF unit.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Ahsan, Quratulain, Javeria Saleem, Tazeem Akhtar, Aasia Khan, and Abid Malik. "PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS DURING 2ND WAVE OF COVID-19 AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, LAHORE." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 3 (2021): 846–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9382.
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Purpose of the study: Antenatal depression is a significant predictor for postnatal depression, and pregnant women with depressive symptoms have an increased risk of frequent non-scheduled medical and emergency visits. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antenatal depression and its related factors and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency of antenatal visits.
 Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2020 with 220 pregnant women from the Gynae Outpatient Department at the Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore. Women aged 18–45 years with no pregnancy-related complications were included. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 tool was used to screen for antenatal depression, and a self-structured questionnaire was developed to explore depression-related factors.
 Main Findings: Antenatal depression prevalence was found very high among pregnant women during the second wave of Covid-19 and pandemic did not affect regular antenatal visits of women.
 Applications of this study: Mental disorders are associated with several individuals and societal factors, including feelings of insecurity and hopelessness, exposure to violence, physical ill health, and rapid social change. The existing pandemic situation, working from home, temporary unemployment, home-schooling of children, lack of contact and social support, it is important to look after mental and physical health especially women in pregnancy who can suffer from more severe mental health problems and can affect ANC visits that directly related to maternal and child health.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: Depression in pregnancy is associated with severe complications and prevents patients from taking an active role in their healthcare. Women with depressive symptoms have an increased risk of frequent non-scheduled antenatal care (ANC) visits and emergency healthcare visits for pregnancy-related emergencies especially in the 2nd wave of COVID-19. It was very important to study the factors related to antenatal depression during this pandemic. Counselling and awareness may improve the physical and mental health of pregnant women.
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Hakiki, Miftahul, and Nurul Eko Widiyastuti. "MATERNAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY AND PREGNANCY SERVICE PROCEDURES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN KERTOSARI VILLAGE." Journal of Health Community Service 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/jhcs.v1i1.2104.
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In general, a mother who is experiencing pregnancy for the first time will feel happy and will be more curious about self-change and fetal development. However, at the same time, pregnant women also feel anxious. Research conducted in Naples, Italy, March 15-April 1, 2020, shows that the Covid-19 pandemic has a severe psychological impact on 53% of pregnant women. During pregnancy, women may experience stress and anxiety, this can cause detrimental effects such as fetal death or fetal abnormalities. Antenatal Care is a pregnancy check that aims to improve the physical and mental health of pregnant women optimally so that they are able to face childbirth, childbirth, preparation for exclusive breastfeeding, and the return to reproductive health properly. The solution to this community service is to provide counselling about psychological changes in pregnant women and how to get pregnancy services during the Covid-19 pandemic, which in fact has changed a lot compared to before the Covid-10 pandemic, so it is hoped that it can reduce the anxiety faced by mothers during this period. pregnancy and still want to carry out pregnancy checks at a health worker or midwife accompanied by a health cadre, during which during the Covid-19 pandemic, pregnant women continue to carry out their pregnancy checks according to the minimum standard, which is 4 times during pregnancy. The implementation of this counselling activity is carried out for pregnant women and health cadres in Kertosari Village in a gradual period of time and does not leave the health protocol determined by the Government. The results obtained are the enthusiasm of pregnant women and health cadres who will accompany them during the process of pregnancy examinations.
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Wieck, A. "Risks and Challenges in Perinatal Mental Health." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.060.
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Mental illness affects 1 in 5 women during pregnancy and the first year postnatal and in about 1 in 20 women the condition is serious. When a woman with major mental illness becomes pregnant she and her child face a number of risks. These include poor pregnancy and neonatal outcomes and a sharp rise of psychiatric admissions after childbirth. Mental illness is also one of the leading causes of maternal death. Risks to children are impaired parenting and developmental disadvantage in emotional, behavioral and cognitive domains. Parental mental illness also has a significant role in infanticide and abuse-related serious harm to children, with infants <1 year old being most at risk.A recent analysis has shown that the resulting economic costs to public services and the wider society are extremely high. In view of the wide-ranging consequences, a number of European countries have set up specialized perinatal mental health services. These consist of specialized inpatient units and community teams. The essential components of their service are preconception counselling, expert advice on the use of medication during pregnancy and breastfeeding, joint inpatient admissions of mothers and babies, interventions to improve parenting, and advice to children's social services. None of these countries, however, are yet offering universal access.In order to improve service provision and outcomes it is important that perinatal mental health is acknowledged more widely as a public health priority. The workshop will provide an opportunity for participants to discuss approaches to raise awareness and promote perinatal service developments.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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Ellul, Rosanna, Rose McCarthy, and Melanie Haith-Cooper. "Destitution in pregnancy: forced migrant women's lived experiences." British Journal of Midwifery 28, no. 11 (2020): 778–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2020.28.11.778.
Full textAbstract:
Background Forced migrant women are increasingly becoming destitute whilst pregnant. Destitution may exacerbate their poor underlying physical and mental health. There is little published research that examines this, and studies are needed to ensure midwifery care addresses the specific needs of these women. This study aimed to explore vulnerable migrant women's lived experience of being pregnant and destitute. Methods Six in-depth individual interviews with forced migrant women who had been destitute during their pregnancy were conducted over one year. Results A lack of food and being homeless impacted on women's physical and mental health. Women relied on support from the voluntary sector to fill the gaps in services not provided by their local authorities. Although midwives were generally kind and helpful, there was a limit to how they could support the women. Conclusions There is a gap in support provided by local authorities working to government policies and destitute migrant pregnant women should not have to wait until 34 weeks gestation before they can apply for support. Home office policy needs to change to ensure pregnant migrant women receive support throughout their pregnancy.