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Journal articles on the topic 'Pregnant women – South Africa – Limpopo'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Mulondo, Seani Adrinah. "Factors associated with underutilisation of antenatal care services in Limpopo, South Africa." British Journal of Midwifery 28, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): 788–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2020.28.11.788.

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Background The aim of this study was to explore and describe factors associated with underutilisation of antenatal care services. In South Africa, maternal and child healthcare services are provided free of charge. Despite this, utilisation of antenatal care services remains a major public health challenge. Literature affirms that 96% of pregnant women present at antenatal care services only after 12 weeks of pregnancy, and this is influenced by several factors. Women's attitude plays an integral role. Methods This study used a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design. Purposive and convenient sampling methods were used to select 10 hospitals and 83 pregnant women, respectively. Ten focus group discussions were conducted to collect data. Trustworthiness was ensured by means of Guba's model and data were analysed, qualitatively, using Tesch's eight steps. Results The majority of the pregnant women (83%) were from rural areas, had unplanned pregnancies, had five pregnancies/children or more, factors that are associated with underutilisation of antenatal care services. Cultural practices and beliefs regarding early presentation to antenatal care services and its effect on pregnancies were also found to be associated with underutilisation. Conclusions Some pregnant women do not consider antenatal care services as essential and choose to present late, despite the knowledge that monitoring of maternal health during pregnancy by midwives could prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity, while improving maternal and neonatal health and wellness. Recommendations include the provision of information and education materials to women, as well as health education, to sensitise and increase women's awareness of the urgency in utilising antenatal care services.

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2

KA, Kyei, and Spio K. . "Primary Health Care by Vhembe women in the Limpopo province of South Africa: Knowledge and Practice." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v5i2.809.

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Child mortality has increased in South Africa since 1990, despite a national policy of free primary healthcare for pregnant women and children under the age of five years. A significant number of women and children die during childbirth and 40% of stillbirths happen during labour. Lack of sufficient knowledge about primary health care (PHC) is costing South Africa greatly because many of the deaths of mothers, babies and young children could be avoided. Teenagers conceal pregnancy and that adds to higher risk of death among themselves and their unborn babies. Almost a half of all new-born babies die during the first 24 hours of birth, and 75% die in their first week of life. This study looks at primary health care by women in Vhembe by identifying knowledge and skills they possess to deal with health care issues. A 3-stage sample survey was conducted covering all the municipalities in the district. About 2660 women aged between 13 and 50 years were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Applying various statistical methods including logistic and regression modelling, this study shows that majority of the respondents know about PHC and that age and education of women are important factors affecting childâ€™s health and survival in the Vhembe district. If Limpopo wants to reduce childhood mortality, this study recommends that efforts be made to educate women, especially teenagers about primary health care, immunization, oral rehydration therapy and attendance at clinics for pre-natal medical check-ups during pregnancy.

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Matlala, Sogo France. "Concealed pregnancy among school-going adolescents in South Africa: A qualitative study on risks for maternal and child health." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 19, no. 4 (April 12, 2020): 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v19i4.46616.

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Objective: Concealed pregnancy is a public health concern with risks to girl-education as well as maternal and child health. This paper focuses on concealed pregnancy amongst adolescents attending schools in Limpopo province of South Africa. It defines concealed pregnancy, some reasons for concealment, methods used, partners in crime and implications for girl-education as well as maternal and child health. Materials and methods: A qualitative and exploratory study using in-depth interviews with 10 pregnant adolescents attending school, five parents and 10 educators on their experiences of caring for pregnant adolescents attending school was conducted. Results and Discussion: Results show that pregnant adolescents attending school conceal their pregnancies using various methods of keeping a secret, telling a lie, wearing baggy clothing, isolating and hiding among other students in overcrowded teaching spaces. They participate passively in learning activities to evade attention to themselves. Some authority figures such as educators and parents as well as other students are accomplices. Conclusion: To conceal pregnancies, pregnant adolescents attending schools flout antenatal care, thus increasing risks to women and children’s health. They also show lack of attentiveness to learning activities at school, thus losing chances to achieve an education. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.620-624

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4

Emermitia, Rabopape L., Muthelo Livhuwani, Malema N. Rambelani, and Mothiba T. Maria. "Views of Adolescent Girls on the Use of Implanon in a Public Primary Health Care Clinic in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Open Public Health Journal 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501912010276.

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Background: Implanon is one of the contraceptives that protects women from falling pregnant for a period of 3 years. Levonorgestrel implants are perfect for adolescents who wish to have lengthy protection against pregnancy and for those who are not consistent in taking Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCP). Objective: The objective of the study is to investigate the views of adolescent girls on the use of Implanon as a birth control method. Methods: A qualitative explorative and descriptive study was conducted to explore and describe the views of adolescent girls regarding the use of Implanon as a birth control method at a primary health clinic in Limpopo Province. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 adolescent girls who had previously used the Implanon and voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using the Tesch’s open coding analysis and the following themes emerged: views of adolescent’s girls on the use of Implanon, experiences of adolescent girls while using Implanon, health professionals and the insertion of Implanon and other chronic treatments. Results: The study reveals that the lack of trained health professionals, competency in performing Implanon insertion and poor counseling skills by health professionals prompted fear amongst the adolescent girls, which contributed to the low uptake of adolescent girls of the Implanon contraceptive. Conclusion: There is a need for more training of health professionals on counseling skills, insertion, and removal of Implanon. Furthermore, awareness campaigns or dialogues must be hosted annually to engage the public to talk about Implanon.

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5

Mabasa, E., NS Mabapa, PL Jooste, and XG Mbhenyane. "Iodine status of pregnant women and children age 6 to 12 years feeding from the same food basket in Mopani district, Limpopo province, South Africa." South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32, no. 3 (March 23, 2018): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2018.1449370.

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6

Mamabolo, R. L., M. Alberts, N. S. Levitt, H. A. Delemarre-van de Waal, and N. P. Steyn. "Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and the effect of weight on measures of insulin secretion and insulin resistance in third-trimester pregnant rural women residing in the Central Region of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diabetic Medicine 24, no. 3 (March 2007): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.02073.x.

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7

Trupe, Lydia A., Anne Rositch, Lindsay Dickerson, Su Lucas, and Susan C. Harvey. "Knowledge and Attitudes About Breast Cancer in Limpopo, South Africa." Journal of Global Oncology 3, no. 5 (October 2017): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.008102.

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Purpose Breast cancer survival is unacceptably low in many low-resource settings, including rural South Africa, where access to screening and treatment services is limited. To describe the context for implementing an early detection program, we assessed knowledge and attitudes toward breast cancer risk, early detection, and treatment. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 243 women presenting to Hlokomela Clinic in Hoedspruit, South Africa, during April and May 2016. We used quantitative and qualitative analyses to determine levels of knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, and treatment of breast cancer, as well as experience with and attitudes toward detection and treatment methods. Results Thirty-one percent of women correctly identified at least six of 12 risk factors for breast cancer, and 53.1% identified breast lumps as an important symptom. Although > 97% of women stated that self–breast examination and early detection were highly important and that they would seek care for changes in their breasts, only 33.3% of women reported performing self–breast examination, and only 24.3% reported receiving a clinical breast examination. Age and education were not associated with knowledge, and level of knowledge did not predict care-seeking behaviors or attitudes. Conclusion Although women demonstrated moderate levels of knowledge of breast cancer symptoms and risk factors and the importance of early detection, few women reported seeking services. These data demonstrate sufficient levels of knowledge and positive attitudes toward care seeking and suggest both a need and readiness for increased access to cost-effective services to facilitate early diagnosis and improved outcomes.

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8

Matlala, Sogo F., AGW Nolte, and MA Temane. "Secondary school teachers’ experiences of teaching pregnant learners in Limpopo province, South Africa." South African Journal of Education 34, no. 4 (November 30, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15700/201412052112.

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9

F. Motsamayi, Mathodi. "“Traditional” Venḓa Women’s Beadwork Accessing the Contemporary Tourist Market in South Africa." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 199–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n3a10.

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Beads and beadwork have played a role in South Africa’s Limpopo Province dating back to the pre-colonial times. Whether the beads were produced locally or imported via trading networks, the region already had a rich tradition of constructing beadwork before the arrival of Europeans. Today, this tradition is continued by new generations of women beaders. It has been found that literature on contemporary Limpopo beadwork produced by Vhavenḓa women is scarce. This article addressed this imbalance. It is vital to state that, during the last decade and in the context of South African heritage and tourism, there has been a steadily increasing number of scholarly studies on Nguni beadwork. This study offered new insights into contemporary beadwork traditions. It also contributed to an understanding of Vhavenḓa beading by drawing on the knowledge and experience of beadworkers, identifying influences from the past, and countering some stereotypical perceptions of beadwork production.

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Petersen, Zaino, Krisela Steyn, Carl Lombard, Katherine Everett, and Maria Emmelin. "Smoking cessation intervention among pregnant women in South Africa." African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 3, no. 4 (October 2009): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ajmw.2009.3.4.44801.

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11

Martin, C. E., and V. Black. "Tuberculosis prevention in HIV-infected pregnant women in South Africa." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 13, no. 4 (October 4, 2012): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v13i4.113.

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The high burden of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) among pregnant women in South Africa contributes to a high maternal mortality rate. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is recommended for the prevention of active TB in HIV-infected individuals, including pregnant women. However, there are few data regarding IPT use in the latter, with concern regarding the concurrent use of IPT with nevirapine in pregnancy, as both treatments are hepatotoxic. The benefit and safety of IPT in HIV-infected pregnant women has not been established. We recommend a simplification of HIV and TB interventions by providing triple antiretroviral therapy to all HIV-infected pregnant women.

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12

Muthelo, Livhuwani, Masenyani Oupa Mbombi, Mamare Adelaide Bopape, and Tebogo Maria Mothiba. "Comprehensive Women Health Services at Beverage-Producing Industries of Limpopo (South Africa): Women’s Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 8293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228293.

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(1) Background: Women remain highly vulnerable to numerous risks at work, including labor rights violations, violence and harassment, myriad general and reproductive health risks. The availability of the comprehensive services remains the only hope for these women, yet very little is known about their perspective. (2) Aim: To determine the experiences of women regarding the availability of comprehensive women’s health services in the industries of Limpopo (South Africa). (3) Methods: The project adopted the qualitative research method to determine the experiences of women related to the availability of comprehensive women’s health services. Non-probability purposive and convenience sampling was used to select 40 women employed in two beverage producing industries. A semi-structured interview with an interview guide was used to collect data that were analyzed using thematic analysis. (4) Results: Four themes emerged about the available health services in the two industries; diverse experiences related to available women’s health services, knowledge related to women’s health services, and diverse description of women’s health services practice and risks. The themes are interpreted into ten sub-themes. (5) Conclusions and Recommendations: There is a lack of available comprehensive women health services at the two beverage producing industries. Thus, women face challenges regarding accessing comprehensive women’s reproductive health care services as well as being exposed to health hazards such as burns, bumps, injuries and suffering from inhalation injuries and burns from moving machines, noise, slippery floors, and chemicals that are used for production in the industry. Women expressed dissatisfaction in the industries regarding the provided general health and primary healthcare services that have limited women’s health-specific services. We recommended that the industries should prioritize designing and developing the comprehensive women health services that to enable women at the industries to have access to good-quality reproductive health care and effective interventions.

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13

Sibeko, S., and J. Moodley. "Healthcare attendance patterns by pregnant women in Durban, South Africa." South African Family Practice 48, no. 10 (November 2006): 17–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2006.10873478.

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14

Mantji, Mahlatjie, Bopape Makoma, and Mothiba Tebogo. "Women’s Knowledge and Attitudes on Established Breastmilk Bank in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 9 (July 21, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n9p93.

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BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is recommended as the best practice which results in normal growth and development of the healthy infants.  In cases where the mother is unable to provide adequate breastmilk due to unavoidable circumstances, pasteurised donated breastmilk from the bank should be considered for hospitalized or preterm babies. OBJECTIVES: To explore and describe women’s knowledge and attitudes related to established breastmilk bank in Mankweng area. METHODS: An explorative descriptive contextual qualitative research was conducted. Data was collected using semi-structured, one-on-one interviews at the rural hospital and a rural clinic in Limpopo province. Purposive sampling method was used to select participants of this study. Adherence to criteria for trustworthiness was aimed at ensuring that the findings become credible, transferable, confirmable and dependable. Ethical standards were adhered to in order to protect identity, dignity, rights and welfare of the study participants. Data was analysed using Tesch’s open coding method. FINDINGS: Women at the hospital have knowledge related to breastmilk bank whilst the ones at the clinic have insufficient knowledge about breastmilk bank. The participants have shown positive attitudes towards donating breastmilk to the bank, whilst on the other hand negative attitudes towards receiving donated breastmilk from the bank were identified due to fears of contracting infections mainly HIV. CONCLUSION: Women at the clinic, have insufficient knowledge and negative attitudes towards the established breastmilk bank. However, they were more willing to donate rather than to accept donated human milk from the bank. On the other hand, women at the hospital are knowledgeable about the breastmilk bank and they revealed positive attitudes towards the established breastmilk bank. It is recommended that the established breastmilk bank should be well promoted and well publicised to the community members in order to utilise the bank effectively and efficiently.

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15

Goldin, Jacqueline, Cobus Botha, Thabiso Koatla, Kobus Anderson, Germaine Owen, and Ally Lebese. "Towards a gender sensitive vulnerability assessment for climate change: Lambani, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Human Geography 12, no. 1 (March 2019): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861901200102.

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Women's limited access to resources and decision-making processes increases their vulnerability to impacts of climate change. Despite their own vulnerability, women are often responsible for caring for close relatives, extended families and friends during hazardous and traumatic events (whether its famine, floods, drought or forced displacements). Based on experience and knowledge it is believed that women are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than men, primarily as they constitute the majority of the world's poor and are more dependent for their livelihood on natural resources that are threatened by climate change. The paper proposes a gender sensitive vulnerable assessment framework that is scaffolded by three key concepts: exposure, temporality and resource base. Because the study is grounded in the Capability Approach Framework it captures multi-dimensionality and intangible goods which are emotions such as fear, anger, shock or shame. It seeks to better understand the differentiated responses of men and women to climate variations and stress such as extreme heat, cold, droughts or floods in a specific site, Lambani, in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The main aim is to understand different responses of men and women to climate change in order to design and populate a vulnerability assessment (VA) framework. In order to do so the Capability Approach (CA) is applied as a theoretical frame with its lens on diversity and social justice. The CA thus provides an expanded notion of human well-being that taps into the emotional life of women and men in Lambani.

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Rutherford, Blair. "Nervous Conditions on the Limpopo: Gendered Insecurities, Livelihoods, and Zimbabwean Migrants in Northern South Africa." Studies in Social Justice 2020, no. 14 (March 27, 2020): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v2020i14.1869.

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This paper examines some of the gendered insecurities informing some of the livelihood practices of Zimbabwean migrants in northern South Africa from 2004-2011, the period in which I carried out almost annual ethnographic research in this region. Situating these practices within wider policy shifts and changing migration patterns at the national and local scales, this paper shows the importance of attending to gendered dependencies and insecurities when analysing migrant livelihoods in southern Africa. These include those found within humanitarian organizations targeting Zimbabwean migrants in their programs and policies in the border area. These gendered insecurities, which are woven into the fabric of travel, work and accommodation for these migrant Zimbabwean women in northern South Africa, should be examined in struggles for social justice. By drawing on the lens of social critique to engender a wider sense of the social justice needs for Zimbabwean women migrants in South Africa, this essay aims to broaden the focus of activism on women migrants to also attend to gendered insecurities in their everyday economic and shelter-seeking activities.

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Bele, Aluwani A., Hilda N. Shilubane, Mygirl P. Lowane, and Enneth T. Nkhwashu. "Cultural Practices Regarding the Management of Infant Colic by Women in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Open Public Health Journal 14, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502114010168.

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Background: Infant colic is a self-limiting condition reported in the past decade. It is a syndrome distinguished by uncontrollable crying in a healthy baby and begins in the early weeks of life and settles around six months. This study aimed to explore the understanding of infant colic and the cultural practices regarding its management by women in a particular village of Limpopo province in South Africa. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological, exploratory and descriptive design was used to explore cultural practices regarding the management of infant colic by women at the particular village of Vhembe District, Limpopo province. Participants were selected based on their availability or accessibility for study purpose. Data was collected through unstructured interview, observational notes and field notes from 16 participants. The central question was: “What is your understanding of infant colic, and how do you manage it?” Tesch’s eight steps of open-coding was used to analyse data. Ethical clearance to conduct the study was obtained from the University of Venda Research Ethics Committee. The local authorities permitted interaction with the participants in the villages. The trustworthiness of the study was ensured through credibility, dependability, transferability and confirmability. Results: The misconceptions about infant colic, use of self-medication, cultural norms, taking the baby to the traditional and religious practitioners emerged during the analysis. Conclusion: The traditional approach to managing infant colic not be ignored because their forefathers discovered the formula, and it must be included and respected by citizens in the country.

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Alberts, Marianne, Petter Urdal, Krisela Steyn, Inger Stensvold, Aage Tverdal, Johanna H. Nel, and Nelia P. Steyn. "Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors in a rural black population of South Africa." European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 12, no. 4 (August 2005): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjr.0000174792.24188.8e.

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Background To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in a rural adult black population from Limpopo Province in South Africa. Design A cross-sectional study. Methods A sample of 1608 women and 498 men aged 30 years and above participated in the study. Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measures (body mass index, waist/hip ratio), blood pressure and biochemical risk factors were measured. A global cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile was developed. Results There was a high prevalence of tobacco use for men (57%) and women (35.4%), with women (28.1%) predominantly using smokeless tobacco. Alcohol use was very common in men (57.2%). Women weighed a great deal more than men, and 51.7% were either overweight or obese. Diabetes was diagnosed in 8.8 and 8.5% of women and men, respectively. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was relatively high, whereas 42.3% of women and 28.5% of men had low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels of 3 mmol/l or more. Hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg) was found in 25.5% of women and 21.6% of men. According to the Framingham formulae, 18.9% of women and 32.1% of men had a 20% or higher chance of having a CVD event in the next 10 years. Conclusions There was a high prevalence of chronic disease risk factors in the rural, poor black community in Limpopo, South Africa. Consequently, the population had a higher than expected risk of developing a CVD event in the following 10 years when compared with similar studies in black Africans.

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Vythilingum, Bavanisha, Annerine Roos, Sheila C. Faure, Lut Geerts, and Dan J. Stein. "Risk factors for substance use in pregnant women in South Africa." South African Medical Journal 102, no. 11 (September 14, 2012): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.5019.

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Kharsany, Ayesha B. M., Janet A. Frohlich, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Gethwana Mahlase, Natasha Samsunder, Rachael C. Dellar, May Zuma-Mkhonza, Salim S. Abdool Karim, and Quarraisha Abdool Karim. "Trends in HIV Prevalence in Pregnant Women in Rural South Africa." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 70, no. 3 (November 2015): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000000761.

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Matseke, Gladys, Violeta J. Rodriguez, Karl Peltzer, and Deborah Jones. "Intimate partner violence among HIV positive pregnant women in South Africa." Journal of Psychology in Africa 26, no. 3 (June 30, 2016): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2016.1185912.

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Mathee, A., B. Barnes, T. Hamman, and A. Swart. "Limited Awareness of Lead Hazards Among Pregnant Women in South Africa." Epidemiology 17, Suppl (November 2006): S196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-00497.

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23

Kyei, Kwabena A. "Level and Factors of Womenâ€™s Employment in the Sekhukhune District in the Limpopo Province of South Africa: Some Discriminant Analysis." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 7, no. 2(J) (April 30, 2015): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v7i2(j).571.

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Unemployment is very high in South Africa with the official rate ranging from 26.7% to 35%. The Limpopo province has the highest proportion of rural dwellers in South Africa and possibly higher unemployment rate than the national average. Womenâ€™s unemployment is a much bigger problem especially when women are the bread winners. Most women singularly look after their children due to polygamy and / or labour migrant system which usually takes the men from home to other parts of the country. This study focuses on factors which militate against womenâ€™s employment. A 3-stage sample survey was conducted between May 2013 and January 2014 covering all the municipalities in the Sekhukhune district. About 2000 women aged between 20 and 55 years were interviewed. Applying discriminant analysis, this study shows that over 85% of the women in the district are unemployed; and factors like: education, age, family status and marital status affect the employment status of women in Sekhukhune. DA = 0.734educ + 0.654age +0.490familystatus + 0.153marital status If Limpopo wants to reduce unemployment of women and to redress familyâ€™s crises, this study recommends that efforts be made to â€œeducateâ€ women, i.e. encourage women to complete higher/ tertiary education and also be given special preference/family support in job offers.

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Mabaso, Nonkululeko, Camille Naicker, Makandwe Nyirenda, and Nathlee Abbai. "Prevalence and risk factors for Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women in South Africa." International Journal of STD & AIDS 31, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420907758.

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There are insufficient data on the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women in South Africa. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis (TV) in pregnant women and identify the risk factors associated with this infection in pregnancy. This was a cross-sectional study which included 362 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at the King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban, South Africa. A self-collected vaginal swab was provided by the enrolled women for laboratory diagnosis by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protozoan load was determined as the logarithm of gene copies per milliliter. The prevalence of TV infection was 12.9% and 59.6% of the women who tested positive were asymptomatic ( p = 0.011). Women who presented with abnormal vaginal discharge had a 4.6 times likelihood of testing positive for TV infection (odds ratio 4.62; 95% confidence interval 1.83 to 11.70; p = 0.001). TV infection was high amongst pregnant women. Therefore, routine testing for this sexually transmitted infection is encouraged for proper management.

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Rochat, Tamsen J., Ruth M. Bland, Mark Tomlinson, and Alan Stein. "Suicide ideation, depression and HIV among pregnant women in rural South Africa." Health 05, no. 03 (2013): 650–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.53a086.

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Tisane, MA, JL Van der Merwe, and DR Hall. "Weight-related quality of life in obese, pregnant women in South Africa." Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa 22, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16089677.2017.1368959.

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Hsiao, Nei-Yuan, Allison Zerbe, Tamsin K. Phillips, Landon Myer, and Elaine J. Abrams. "Misdiagnosed HIV infection in pregnant women initiating universal ART in South Africa." Journal of the International AIDS Society 20 (August 2017): 21758. http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/ias.20.7.21758.

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Peltzer, Karl, Sheila Mmusi, Motlatso Phaswana, and Titus Misi. "LAY PROTOTYPES OF ILLNESS AMONG A NORTHERN SOTHO COMMUNITY IN SOUTH AFRICA." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 6 (January 1, 2006): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.6.701.

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Illness representations have been shown to differ across cultures. The aim of the study was to study disease terminology and lay prototypes among a Northern Sotho community in South Africa. The sample for a free listing of disease terms included 41 (55%) women and 34 (45%) men, with a mean age of 36 years (SD=5.6, range 18 to 75 years). The sample for pile sorting of disease terms included 80 Northern Sotho-speaking third-year students from the University of Limpopo; 44 women, 36 men, mean age, 23.4 years (SD=3.4). From free listing of disease terms 50 were selected for pile sorting. Using hierarchical cluster analysis the following clusters could be identified: (1) respiratory problems, (2) internal body problems and sexually transmitted diseases, (3) chronic diseases and head diseases, (4) child diseases and mental problems, (5) child diseases and cancer, (6) feet problems, (7) gastrointestinal diseases. There was homogeneity of features within cluster and difference between clusters.

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Ntuli, Sam T. "Obstetrical Haemorrhagic Mortality in a Tertiary Hospital of the Limpopo Province, South Africa." Medical Science & Healthcare Practice 1, no. 1 (April 6, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/mshp.v1n1p42.

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<p><strong><em>Background</em></strong><em>:</em><em> </em><em>Obstetric haemorrhage is potentially fatal. Its frequency</em><em> </em><em>contributes to assessment of population health. So this study purpose was to</em><em> assess the maternal death</em><em>s</em><em>due to obstetric haemorrhage in a tertiary hospital of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. </em></p><p><strong><em>Methods</em></strong><em>:</em><em> </em><em>All</em><em>maternal deaths, which occurred at Pietersburg Hospital</em><em>from January 2011 to December 2015 were reviewed.</em><em> The hospital death register was used to collate the list of maternal deaths</em><em>.Maternal</em><em>age, parity, referring facility, date of admission and death, ward where death occurred, and causes of death</em><em>were collected from delivery registers and patient medical records.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>: There were 232 maternal deaths of which 48 (20.7%) were due to obstetrical haemorrhage.</em><em> </em><em>The mean age of the </em><em>48</em><em> </em><em>women</em><em> </em><em>was </em><em>31.7±6.7 year range 15-48 years</em><em>.</em><em> Thirty one of 48 haemorrhagic deaths (65%)</em><em> occurred within 24 hours of admission,</em><em> </em><em>16 of 48</em><em> </em><em>(33%) had a parity of 3 or more,</em><em> 19</em><em> </em><em>(40%) died in ICU and</em><em> 12</em><em> </em><em>(</em><em>25%) in casualty. </em><em>Forty three of 48 women</em><em> </em><em>(</em><em>90%)</em><em> </em><em>were referred</em><em>,</em><em> of which</em><em> </em><em>36</em><em> </em><em>(84%) were from district hospitals. Post-partum haemorrhage accounted for</em><em> </em><em>39 of 48</em><em> </em><em>(81%) deaths followed by unspecifiedante-partum haemorrhage</em><em> accounting for 4 (</em><em>8%)</em><em> </em><em>and placenta abruption 2 of 48 (4%).</em><em></em></p><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><em>: This study demonstrated that a maternal death due to obstetric haemorrhage remains a major concern in Limpopo Province. Post-partum haemorrhage was the main cause of deaths.</em>

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Mutshaeni, Nancy H., Patricia T. Malovhele, Rachel T. Lebese, and Samuel T. Mashau. "Barriers Faced by Pregnant Learners When Trying to Finish Their Education in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa." International Journal of Educational Sciences 8, no. 2 (February 2015): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2015.11890255.

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Röllin, Halina B., Tahira Kootbodien, Penny Theodorou, and Jon Ø. Odland. "Prenatal exposure to manganese in South African coastal communities." Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts 16, no. 8 (2014): 1903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4em00131a.

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Hoque, A. M., M. Hoque, M. E. Hoque, and G. Van Hal. "Estimates and Determinants of Psychological Problems of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Epidemic in South Africa." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.1.631.

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The COVID-19 epidemic has impacted significantly on the general population including pregnant women. The psychological impact of COVID-19 among vulnerable population like pregnant women is yet to be estimated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety, depression, and overall psychological problems. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among black pregnant women attending a Primary Health Care facility in South Africa. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the significant factors for psychological problems. A total of 346 pregnant women participated in this study. The rates of anxiety, depression and overall psychological problems were 35.7%, 38.2% and 34.3% respectively. Gestational age between 14-26 weeks were 60% (OR=.397, p<0.05), part-time employment 53% (OR=0.47, p<0.05) and pregnant women having adequate funding for monthly expenses were 62% less likely (OR=0.381, p<0.05) to have anxiety problems. Married women were 2.5 times more likely (OR=2.54, p<0.05) and women living together or widowed were 2.9 times more likely (OR=2.91, p<0.05) to have anxiety. Pregnant women aged between 20-29 years were nine times (OR=9.03, p=0.016), women aged 30 to 39 years were 6.3 times (OR=6.3, p=0.032) more likely to have depression. Parity one 91% (OR=0.094, p=0.007), parity two 86% (OR=.143, p=0.027) and part-time employment 65% (OR=0.354, p=0.002) were less likely to have depression. Comparing with women aged >39 years, women who were between 20-29 years were 28 times (OR=27.8, p<0.01) and women aged between 30-39 years were nine times more likely to have overall psychological problems. Respondents with parity one was 83% (OR=0.17, p<0.05) less likely to have psychological problems when compared with other parity groups and women having adequate funding were 65% less likely (OR=0.35, p<0.05) to have overall psychological problems than those did not have adequate funding. Higher rates of anxiety, depression and overall psychological problems are found among black pregnant women. It is therefore imperative that appropriate and timely mental health care supports are provided to reduce adverse health outcomes.

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Risenga, Patrone Rebecca. "Factors Contributing to Non-Compliance with Feeding Practices by HIV Positive Women in Limpopo Province, South Africa." AIDS Clinical Research & STDs 4, no. 1 (June 16, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/acrs-7370/100010.

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Nemathaga, L. H., M. Davhana Maselesele, and L. B. Khoza. "Lived Experiences of Women Who Were Sexually Assaulted in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Journal of Social Sciences 44, no. 1 (July 2015): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2015.11893457.

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Mudau, A. G., A. K. Tugli, and J. Mabunda. "Knowledge of Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Attending a Rural Hospital in Limpopo Province of South Africa." Journal of Human Ecology 55, no. 3 (September 2016): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2016.11907017.

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Herz, Susan E. "HIV-positive pregnant women and newborns in South Africa: medical hope, moral risk." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 60, no. 12 (June 15, 2003): 1276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/60.12.1276.

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Myer, Landon, Tamsin K. Phillips, Nei-Yuan Hsiao, Allison Zerbe, Gregory Petro, Linda-Gail Bekker, James A. McIntyre, and Elaine J. Abrams. "Plasma viraemia in HIV-positive pregnant women entering antenatal care in South Africa." Journal of the International AIDS Society 18, no. 1 (January 2015): 20045. http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/ias.18.1.20045.

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Odayar, J., M. X. Rangaka, A. Zerbe, G. Petro, J. A. McIntyre, T. K. Phillips, E. J. Abrams, and L. Myer. "Burden of tuberculosis in HIV-positive pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 22, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.17.0448.

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Wilkinson, D., C. Connolly, and K. Rotchford. "Continued explosive rise in HIV prevalence among pregnant women in rural South Africa." AIDS 13, no. 6 (April 1999): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199904160-00023.

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Mlotshwa, Langelihle, Lenore Manderson, and Sonja Merten. "Personal support and expressions of care for pregnant women in Soweto, South Africa." Global Health Action 10, no. 1 (January 2017): 1363454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2017.1363454.

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Malope-Kgokong, Babatyi I., Patrick MacPhail, Georgina Mbisa, Edith Ratshikhopa, Mhairi Maskew, Lara Stein, Freddy Sitas, and Denise Whitby. "Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated-Herpes Virus (KSHV) Seroprevalence in Pregnant Women in South Africa." Infectious Agents and Cancer 5, no. 1 (2010): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1750-9378-5-14.

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Myers, Bronwyn, Hendrée E. Jones, Irene A. Doherty, Tracy L. Kline, Mary E. Key, Kim Johnson, and Wendee M. Wechsberg. "Correlates of Lifetime Trauma Exposure Among Pregnant Women from Cape Town, South Africa." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 13, no. 3 (February 24, 2015): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-015-9544-3.

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Gieles, N. C., E. A. M. L. Mutsaerts, G. Kwatra, L. Bont, C. L. Cutland, S. Jones, A. Moultrie, S. A. Madhi, and M. C. Nunes. "Measles seroprevalence in pregnant women in Soweto, South Africa: a nested cohort study." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 26, no. 4 (April 2020): 515.e1–515.e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.11.006.

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Matotoka, Motlhatlego D. "Discrimination on the grounds of pregnancy, denial of maternity leave and lack of conducive environment for nursing mother in the workplace in South Africa." Obiter 41, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v41i3.9581.

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In South Africa, women continue to be discriminated against on the grounds of being pregnant in the workplace and sometimes they are denied maternity leave, breastfeeding and childcare facilities. Methodologically, using a descriptive and content analysis research approach, this article examines how the apartheid era restricted the rights of pregnant women in the workplace, particularly black African women. Post-1994 South Africa, the article utilised various protective transformative legal and policy interventions that have been introduced and are being implemented to address the problem of discrimination against women on the grounds of pregnancy in the workplace.

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Monyama, M. C., J. Y. Bolukaoto, M. O. Chukwu, M. R. B. Maloba, S. R. Moyo, R. T. Mavenyengwa, M. Nchabeleng, and S. L. Lebelo. "Group B streptococcus colonisation in pregnant women at Dr. George Mukhari Hospital, South Africa." Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 31, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v31i3.81.

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The aim of the study was to estimate group B streptococcus (GBS) colonisation in pregnant mothers using selective enrichment broth and solid media for culturing GBS. Vaginal and rectal swabs were collected from 413 pregnant women for GBS culture at recruitment stage. Direct plating and enrichment broth culture methods were compared by using the same swab samples. The swabs were cultured on colistin nalidixic agar (CNA) plate and incubated at 37°C and examined after 18-24 h. The samples which were culture negative on a CNA agar plate were then inoculated into a Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth to recover any GBS present that was not recovered on the solid agar. With the CNA agar plate, the samples were cultured separately to enable identification of colonised sites such as vaginal sites or rectal sites. Rectal and vaginal swabs were inoculated into Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth at the same time in the same tube. The GBS colonisation rate in pregnant women was 30.9% (128/413). The CNA agar plate recovered 45.3% (58/128) of the GBS isolates, whereas 54.7% (70/128) isolates were recovered from Todd-Hewitt broth. Pregnant women of various ages were found to be at risk of GBS colonisation. The colonisation rate was however highest among women of 25–29 age groups as compared with other age groups. Detection of group B streptococcus improved when both rectal and vaginal swabs were collected for laboratory analysis. The simultaneous use of Todd-Hewitt broth and CNA plate also improved the yield of group B streptococcus.

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Khumalo, Shuti Steph. "ANALYZING THE EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN PRINCIPALS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA THROUGH SOCIAL JUSTICE THEORY." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 79, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/21.79.47.

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School leadership research has provided extensive empirical evidence which shows that women as school leaders face challenges on many fronts. The objective of this study was to provide insight regarding the challenges that female primary school principals face, in the Waterberg Education District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. These challenges were in respect of the perception of staff members towards women as school principals. This study was qualitative and interpretive in nature. The theory of social justice was used as a theoretical framework. Social justice theorists argue that social institutions have the responsibility to dispense justice, fairness, and equity. The researcher used semi-structured in-depth interviews to gain rich descriptive data on the experiences relating to the leadership roles of the principals. Findings indicate that female principals face challenges, such as insubordination by male staff members, frustrations of not progressing beyond the position of principalship and sexual harassment. This study is of great value as it extends the body of knowledge on the challenges that primary school women principals face in their leadership practices. Key words: social justice, women principals, sexual harassment, primary schools, insubordination, self-esteem, self-image

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ML, Netshikweta, Olaniyi FC, and Tshitangano TG. "Reproductive Health Choices Among Adolescents in Secondary Schools: A Case Study of Selected Schools in Limpopo, South Africa." Open Public Health Journal 11, no. 1 (July 24, 2018): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501811010319.

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Objectives:This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, opinions and practices of female adolescents in selected secondary schools in Limpopo Province of South Africa about reproductive health issues and assess the level of parental involvement in their choices.Materials and methods:A quantitative, exploratory, survey design was adopted. A total of 512 learners from grades 8 (first year of secondary school) and 12 (final year) were conveniently sampled from 24 randomly selected secondary schools in Limpopo Province. Data was collected with a structured, self-administered questionnaire and analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.Results:Sixteen (3.9%) of the learners attained menarche at or before the early age of 8 years and 102 (29.3%) experienced sexual debut before age 14 years. More than half of grade 12 (n =84, 52.5%) and 49 (14%) of grade 8 learners were sexually active and 80% (n = 444, 86.7%) of them were unaware of contraceptives when engaging in sexual intercourse for the first time. Only 116 (22.7%) of the respondents admitted to having knowledge about contraceptives before engaging in sex for the first time and more than a third (n = 172, 33.6%) have been pregnant at least once before the study was conducted. Parental involvement in Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) education was found to be low and many obtained the little information they have mainly through friends.Conclusion:Many adolescents are lacking in vital information regarding their SRH and some hold wrong opinions about contraception. Parents are advised to initiate and sustain discussions regarding SRH with their children to help them make informed reproductive health choices.

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Chetty, Rennisha, Nonkululeko Mabaso, and Nathlee Abbai. "Genotypic Variation in Trichomonas vaginalis Detected in South African Pregnant Women." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020 (August 5, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1687427.

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Background. Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis. The genetic characterisation of T. vaginalis isolates reveals significant genetic diversity in this organism. Data on the prevalence of different genotypes of T. vaginalis in South African populations is lacking. This study investigated the diversity of T. vaginalis in a pregnant population in South Africa. Methods. In this study, 362 pregnant women from the King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban, South Africa, provided vaginal swabs to be tested for the presence of T. vaginalis. T. vaginalis was detected using the TaqMan assay using commercially available primers and probes specific for this protozoan (Pr04646256_s1). The actin gene from T. vaginalis was amplified with gene-specific primers. The actin amplicons were digested with HindII, MseI, and RsaI, and the banding patterns were compared across the three digests for assignment of genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using MEGA. Results. The prevalence of T. vaginalis in the study population was 12.9% (47/362). Genotype G was the most frequent genotype in our study population. Genotypes H and I were detected in one sample each. According to the multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis, a level of diversity was observed across and within genotypes. Four different single-nucleotide changes in the actin gene were detected. Sample TV358 (H genotype) contained a single amino acid substitution from glutamine to lysine. Sample TV184 (G genotype) contained a single amino acid substitution from glutamic acid to arginine. Sample TV357 (G genotype) contained two amino acid substitutions, arginine to leucine and glycine to aspartic acid. Conclusion. Three different genotypes were observed in the pregnant population. Diversity was observed across and within genotypes. The observed diversity can be challenging for future vaccine design and development of antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests for trichomoniasis.

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Krige, Stephanie M., Sharmilah Booley, Naomi S. Levitt, Tawanda Chivese, Katherine Murphy, and Janetta Harbron. "Dietary Intake and Beliefs of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes in Cape Town, South Africa." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2018): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091183.

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This study investigated the dietary intake of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their beliefs relating to the consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) and sugary foods and drinks. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 239 pregnant women with GDM in Cape Town. Dietary intake was assessed using a quantified Food Frequency Questionnaire and beliefs relating to food choices were assessed using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The mean energy intake was 7268 KJ, carbohydrate was 220 (±104.5) g, protein 60.3 (±27.5) g and fat 67.7 (±44.2) g. The macronutrient distribution was 55% carbohydrates, 14.5% protein and 30.5% fat of total energy. The majority of the sample had inadequate intakes of vitamin D (87.4%), folate (96.5%) and iron (91.3%). The median (IQR) amount of added table sugar and sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) was 4.0 (0.00–12.5) g and 17.9 (0.0–132.8) mL per day, respectively. Only 31.4% met the recommendation (400 g per day) for F&V. Beliefs that it was not easy to exclude sugary foods/drinks and that knowing how to control cravings for sugary foods/drinks are areas to target messages on the sugar content of SSBs. In conclusion, the dietary intake of these women was not optimal and fell short of several nutritional guidelines for pregnant women with hyperglycaemia. The strongly held beliefs regarding sugary foods/drinks may contribute to poor adherence to nutritional guidelines among pregnant women with GDM in South Africa.

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Guillamet, Laia Jimena Vazquez, Anthony P. Moll, Alexa Kacin, Jabulile Madi, Ntombi Ndlovu, and Sheela Shenoi. "Perceptions of HIV Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among young pregnant women from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1109.

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Abstract Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective for HIV prevention with good adherence. In high HIV prevalence settings, young women ages 18–24 are at high risk of HIV acquisition, particularly during pregnancy and the postpartum period, and would potentially benefit from PrEP. More information is needed to achieve successful implementation of PrEP in this population. Methods The study was performed in Tugela Ferry, one of the poorest subdistricts of South Africa. From June-August 2016,the study team interviewed 187 HIV negative pregnant women ages 18–24 anonymously at health care facilities. Interviews collected data on demographics, HIV and PrEP knowledge, HIV risk and readiness for oral PrEP. Results Among 187 pregnant women, the mean age was 20.3 years (SD1.97), 179 (95.7%) were unemployed, 93 (49.7%) completed secondary school, and 137 (73.3%) reported one partner in the last month. None reported having ever being paid for sex. While 185 (98%) knew that HIV can be transmitted through sex, only 117 (62.5%) knew that a woman can transmit HIV to her child, and only 95 (51%) knew that HIV can be transmitted through breastmilk. Sixty-eight (36.4%) women believed that a sexual partner had been sexually active with another person in the last month, though 182 (97.3%) had difficulty negotiating condom use with their partner, and only 7 (3.7%) women reported consistent use of condoms. The vast majority (97%) would start PrEP if a doctor recommended it though 100 (53.5%) were concerned about being mistaken for HIV positive. Conclusion Pregnant young women in rural South Africa are at risk for HIV acquisition and are interested in PrEP. Knowledge of risks of HIV lags, particularly with regard to mother to child transmission. Young pregnant women are not able to negotiate consistent condom use and need a HIV prevention tool that is within their control. Stigma may be a barrier to effective PrEP use among these women. Further research is needed to guide potential PrEP implementation in pregnant women. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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