Academic literature on the topic 'Prehistoric Archaeology'
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Journal articles on the topic "Prehistoric Archaeology"
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Clermont, Norman, and Philip E. L. Smith. "Prehistoric, prehistory, prehistorian … who invented the terms?" Antiquity 64, no. 242 (March 1990): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00077322.
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Who first used a word for the idea of ‘prehistory’? Chippindale, in a paper published last year, tried to clear up this old confusion once and for all. He failed. Here are more answers to the question — a matter of real historical importance since the invention of a prehistoric past was so central to the 19th-century development of archaeology.
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Lightfoot, Kent G. "Culture Contact Studies: Redefining the Relationship between Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology." American Antiquity 60, no. 2 (April 1995): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282137.
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Archaeology is poised to play a pivotal role in the reconfiguration of historical anthropology. Archaeology provides not only a temporal baseline that spans both prehistory and history, but the means to study the material remains of ethnic laborers in pluralistic colonial communities who are poorly represented in written accounts. Taken together, archaeology is ideally suited for examining the multicultural roots of modern América. But before archaeology’s full potential to contribute to culture contact studies can be realized, we must address several systemic problems resulting from the separation of “prehistoric” and “historical” archaeology into distinct subfields. In this paper, I examine the implications of increasing temporal/regional specialization in archaeology on (1) the use of historical documents in archaeological research, (2) the study of long-term culture change, and (3) the implementation of pan-regional comparative analyses.
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Benjamin, Jonathan, and Alex Hale. "Marine, Maritime, or Submerged Prehistory? Contextualizing the Prehistoric Underwater Archaeologies of Inland, Coastal, and Offshore Environments." European Journal of Archaeology 15, no. 2 (2012): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957112y.0000000007.
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Studies in submerged prehistoric archaeology have gained momentum in recent years with particular focus on the inundated landscapes of the European continental shelf. Although this renewed interest lies primarily in modern coasts and seas, there are a variety of differences between the submerged prehistoric archaeologies of inland and marine environments, ranging from questions of scientific research to heritage management to practical field methods. Some of these differences are the result of location, function, and period. Despite this, there exist similarities that, if ignored, risk increased marginalization of the archaeology of submerged landscapes from the greater field of prehistoric archaeology. A holistic evaluation of prehistoric archaeological landscapes must include inland waters and coastal zones and their relationships. Aquatic environments, viewed both as individual locations as well as continuous and connecting waterways, are introduced for their differences and similarities, and simplified examples of material and legislation are introduced in order to contextualize submarine sites and practices within the greater fields of prehistory and underwater archaeology.
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Rudwick, Martin. "Prehistoric archaeology." Nature 366, no. 6453 (December 1993): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/366388a0.
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Hakonen, Aki. "Communities Beyond Society: Divergence of Local Prehistories on the Bothnian Arc, Northern Europe." Open Archaeology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0132.
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Abstract This article presents a comparison of material records of two nearby regions on the coast of the Bothnian Bay. The timeframe is 5300–2000 BCE. The focus is on regional differences, which indicate a schizmogenesis of communal identities. The study calls for a reorientation of research concerning Fennoscandian prehistory. More attention should be paid to localized prehistories. It is argued that when prehistoric society is used as a fundamental group category, especially in the context of forager communities, the modern concept of state society distorts the underlying framework. Focusing on the regional level by constructing local prehistoric narratives limits the anachronistic effect and allows the proliferation of local communal identities. Such local prehistories, when collated and compared, offer a pathway to understanding prehistoric stateless societies, which are misrepresented by simplistic material cultural zones and the inherent homogeny ingrained within the concept of society. In this paper, the analysis is focused on practices representing local traditions. Two divergent themes that arise from the local prehistoric narratives are the Late Mesolithic use of local stone materials and regional changes in Neolithic dwelling forms.
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Besse, M., S. Fragnière, A. Müller, M. Piguet, L. Dubois, D. Miéville, S. Schoeb, and D. Schumacher. "Learning About Archaeology and Prehistoric Life." Science & Education 28, no. 6-7 (May 25, 2019): 759–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11191-019-00047-z.
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Abstract This article is about an intervention introducing prehistoric life in primary education. Its objectives were to foster openness and interest for prehistory and archaeology, as well as content knowledge and conceptual learning with a focus on four main facets: basic knowledge about prehistoric life; conceptual learning/change regarding prehistory; learning about archaeologists and archaeology as a scientific discipline; and learning about interactions of archaeology and other disciplines (interdisciplinarity). Students participated in two workshops about the creation of a prehistoric object, highlighting the close interaction between the natural sciences and humanities within archaeology. The workshop emphasised dialogue between students, teachers and researchers, as well as active participation by the students. The educational effects of the workshops were studied using a pre-post design (N = 439, ages 8–10 years). Results show that the workshops had sizeable positive effects on both affective and cognitive variables. The appreciation of the workshops ranged from ≈ 70 to 90% (of maximum value) for interest, perceived educational value and further aspects. We also found a positive impact of the intervention on cognitive variables, e.g. for several elements of key knowledge about prehistory (such as where prehistoric people lived and with what resources; medium to large effect sizes: d > 0.9 and d = 0.46, respectively). Regarding conceptual learning, we found improved understanding of the link between climate change and long-term changes in wildlife in a given area (medium to large effect sizes, d = 0.5–0.8). A positive impact was also found for the understanding of archaeology encompassing both humanities and the natural sciences (e.g. understanding of climate change as inferred from archaeological knowledge, d = 0.3–0.5). No differences of the various outcomes were found between girls and boys; the workshops appear suitable for both genders. We conclude with a discussion of the interpretation of our findings, of some limitations and possible improvements, and of future perspectives, in particular for further classroom implementation.
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Moundrea-Agrafioti, Antikleia. "The "global" and the "local" in the Aegean Bronze Age: The case of Akrotiri, Thera." Ekistics and The New Habitat 73, no. 436-441 (December 1, 2006): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441102.
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The author is Assistant Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology, Department of History Archaeology and Social Anthropology , University of Thessaly, Greece. After undergraduate studies in History and Archaeology at the University of Athens she obtained her Masters as well as her Ph. D degree in Prehistoric Archaeology at the University of Paris X, Nanterre in 1981. Her research interests focus on Aegean prehistory, spanning the Palaeolithic to Late Bronze Age, the prehistoric stone and bone technology, the obsidian characterization studies and the material culture issues, the interaction between technology and prehistoric communities and aspects involved in the contextual analysis. Her current fieldwork interests concern survey and excavation involving new technologies. Since 2005 she is the Director of the Zerelia Excavations Program, of the University of Thessaly. She has a long affiliation with The Akrotiri Thera Excavations since 1983. On the site she is involved in the excavation, study and publication of stone tools industries, and the database and GIS applications. Dr Moundrea Agrafioti is a member of the World Society for Ekistics.
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Chippindale, Christopher. "The Invention of Words for the Idea of ‘Prehistory’." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 54 (1988): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00005867.
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The standard recent authorities on the history of archaeology date the invention of a specific word for prehistory to 1833, saying that Paul Tournal of Narbonne used the adjective préhistorique (‘prehistoric’ in the English translation in Heizer 1969, 91; and in Daniel 1967, 25, following Heizer 1962) or the noun préhistoire (Daniel 1981,48) in an article about French bone-caves.This is not true. The word Tournal used was antéhistorique (Tournal 1833, 175), and the mistake has arisen from working with an idiomatic translation into English, which rendered ‘anté-historique’ as ‘prehistoric’ (Tournal [1959]) instead of the original French. (Grayson 1983, 102., however, quotes Tournal's original French correctly.) The earliest use of ‘prehistoric’ seems to be Daniel Wilson's of 1851 in The Archaeology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland (1851), as the older histories of archaeology say (eg Daniel 1950, 86 (reprinted in Daniel 1975, 86); Daniel 1962, 9), before the error about Tournal began to circulate.
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Fullagar, Richard. "Australian prehistoric archaeology." Before Farming 2004, no. 2 (January 2004): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2004.2.1.
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Peleggi, Maurizio. "Prehistory and Ideology in Cold War Southeast Asia: The Politics of Wartime Archaeology in Thailand and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 1954–1975." Histories 3, no. 2 (April 21, 2023): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/histories3020008.
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The two decades comprised within the partition of Vietnam and the end of the Indochina Wars surprisingly saw major advances in prehistoric archaeology in the region. This article examines the political context and implications of archaeological investigations conducted in Thailand and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam under the guidance of, respectively, American and Soviet specialists, as an aspect of the cultural Cold War. Archaeological discoveries in both countries debunked colonial archaeology’s account of prehistoric Southeast Asia as a passive recipient of Chinese cultural influence by documenting autonomous technological development. The article argues that the new image of mainland Southeast Asia’ prehistory that formed by the early 1970s reflected the superpowers’ objective of empowering the region’s postcolonial nation-states notwithstanding their political contrasts, yet it was not equally congruent with the nationalist narratives of Thailand and North Vietnam.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prehistoric Archaeology"
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Koutrafouri, Vasiliki G. "Ritual in prehistory : definition and identification : religious insights in early prehistoric Cyprus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3288.
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Prehistoric archaeology has had major difficulties in identifying ritual practices. The history of archaeological approaches ranges from a total repudiation of the capability of the discipline to recognise and analyse ritual activities in the past, to absolute acceptance of all identified prehistoric patterns as ritual. Even within a postmodern apprehension of the world, where deconstruction of all established perceptions seems to have reached an end point, prehistoric archaeology has never successfully constructed a notion of ritual in prehistory. Acknowledging that ritual definition and identification is a problem of the modern western archaeologist, this thesis identifies the root of the problem in methods of thinking deeply rooted in western civilization, in our cultural schemata, and in approaches to archaeology that only superficially observe the problem rather than confront and resolve it. In seeking a resolution, this work proposes a structural dismantling of the problem and its recomposition from its basics. The thesis proposes a middle-range theory based on structuralism and pragmatics and a method of meticulous contextual and relational analysis for the identification and interpretation of ritual practices in prehistory. As a starting point, death is identified as the quintessential category for the exploration of a mytho-logic system and its subsequent definition. The treatment of the dead is recognised as the ideal starting point for an examination of the archaeological record in quest for ritual. Ritual structural elements identified in the context of burial are used subsequently for the identification of non-death ritual practices. The identification of religious practices in Early Prehistoric Cyprus reveals a vibrant ritualpracticing culture contrary to previous commonly accepted observations. Structured depositions in ritually empowered containers; ritual transport; hoarding; symbolic abandonment; ritual sealing; ritual burning; ritual use of burials for the creation of liminality; construction of highly symbolic structures and subsequent attribution of agency to them, all constitute religious practices attested by this thesis for the Cypriot PPNB and Aceramic Neolithic. This identification of ritual in Early Prehistoric Cyprus enables the exploration of this culture’s mytho-logic. The thesis demonstrates how early Cypriots viewed their world and their position in it. Finally, this research offers new perspectives in recognising past socio-cultural realities through the examination of ritual practices.
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Smith, Geoffrey M. "Pre-Archaic technological organization, mobility, and settlement systems : a view from the Parman Localities, Humboldt County, Nevada /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1436213.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006."August, 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 257-268). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2006]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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Searight, Susan. "The prehistoric rock art of Morocco." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2001. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/381/.
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This study aims to examine all aspects of Moroccan rock art and place it in an archaeological and environmental context. Almost 300 sites are now known but few have been studied fully. This work is the first overall analysis to be attempted. Data on climatic changes during the Holocene period, together with archaeological and faunal reports, provided the necessary background to the rock art. The distribution of engraved and painted sites in Morocco is very uneven. Animals were the most frequent themes, but a review of all the sites revealed great site and subject diversity. Four main types of engravings were Identified, their Characteristics described and their distribution plotted. Climatic fluctuations, new animal species, the introduction of meth weapons, the chariot and writing established a chronological framework. A critical appraisal of these events led to a tentative chronology for Moroccan rock art, thought here to have started around 2500 be. The situation of rock art sites showed that they were chosen for very specific reasons, some of them by nomadic pastoralists. Viewing rock art as a medium of communication, it was proposed that the images were messages defining territories, proclaiming ownership or commemorating heroes or battles. The images may have two levels of meaning: one easily understood by members of the group and by outsiders, the second, symbolic, less obviously comprehensible. Moroccan rock art was not an isolated phenomenon in north Africa. The rock art of Algeria, Libya and Mauritania showed both similarities and differences, IrnpMng a cultural link, albeit tenuous, between these countries. Available archaeological, environmental and rock art data revealed striking differences In information-availability between north and south Morocco. Archaeological research has established a chronologicaal nd cultural framework, in northern Morocco,to which rock art adds nothing. On the other hand, rock engravings of metal weapons are almost the only evidence of a Moroccan Bronze Age. In southern Morocco, the distribution of rock art sites reveals intensive human activity in an area little known from excavation. Rock art, archaeology and environment are thus related in this study to producea comprehensive picture of the past.
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Campana, Ivan. "Prehistoric house and 3D reconstruction: towards a BIM archaeology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666054.
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La tesis doctoral titulada “La Casa Prehistórica y La Reconstrucción 3D: Hacia una Arqueología en Entorno BIM”, presenta los esfuerzos para construir y validar un modelo multidimensional de un palafito del sito del Neolítico Temprano de La Draga (Girona, España), explícitamente construido para explicar los restos arqueológicos y para entender la lógica del espacio construido antiguo. Una innovadora metodología basada en el BIM (Building Information Module) ha sido utilizada para creare el modelo y expandir su potencial explicativo.
El texto incluye una descripción de la base teórica de esta investigación centrándose sobre la génesis de la Arqueología Virtual y sus ramificaciones incluyendo propósitos, problemas y ventajas de este nuevo aproche a la arqueología. La descripción incluye también Análisis Funcional e Ingeniería Inversa explorando las relaciones con la Arqueología Virtual. Finalmente una se presenta un resumen de la “nueva entrada” en arqueología, el BIM. También se describe la relación entre Etnografía y Arqueología, la evolución de la Etnoarqueología y como similitudes etnográficas y arquitectónicas, cuando los datos arqueológicos carecen o son poco claros, pueden ser utilizadas para deducir o especular formas y técnicas de los antiguos palafitos. Asimismo se presenta una reseña de los diferentes tipos de casa Neolíticas alrededor del planeta para mostrar la gran diversidad de arquitecturas en estos tiempos remotos.
Este estudio también incluye una descripción de las fuerzas físicas que afectan los palafitos y los diferentes tipos de degradación de la madera que podrían afectar a un palafito.
El núcleo de la investigación describe la metodología reconstructiva a partir de la “disección” de la casa, utilizando una ontología innovadora basada en la moderna definición arquitectónica le las partes de la casa, hasta la reconstrucción de sus elementos. Las relaciones entre los diferentes elementos y partes de la casa han sido examinadas para demonstrar cómo funcionan y cómo interactúan entre ellos. La tesis incluye la descripción de como se ha realizado cada etapa del proceso reconstructivo utilizando los datos a nuestra disposición.
Se describe además el proceso creativo emprendido para crear un proceso BIM funcional que pueda aplicarse no solamente al sitio de La Draga sino también a todos los sitios arqueológicos en general. Se describe también como hemos implementado el modelo conceptual de la casa prehistórica de madera en un Building Information Model (BIM) para expandir el modelo explicativo y generalizar nuestros resultados iniciales.
Finalmente se describe el desarrollo de la teoría de “Los tres cerditos”. Esta teoría ha sido pensada para demonstrar que edificios con formas, dimensiones etc. similares no solo pueden tener significados y funciones muy diferentes sino también diferentes reacciones a las mismas fuerzas físicas, y por eso deberían evitarse comparaciones basadas singularmente sobre “similitudes en las formas”.The PhD thesis titled “Prehistoric House and 3D Reconstruction: Towards A BIM Archaeology”, illustrates the efforts to build and validate a high-dimensional visual model of the pile dwelling from the Early Neolithic site of La Draga (Girona, Spain), explicitly built to explain archaeological remains and to understand the logic of built spaces in a remote past. An innovative methodology based on BIM (Building Information Module) has been used to create the model and expand its explicative capability. The dissertation includes a description of the theoretical background of this research focusing on the genesis of Virtual Archaeology and its ramifications including purposes, problems and advantages of this new approach to Archaeology. The description take also into account Functional Analysis and Reverse Engineering exploring the relationship with Virtual Archaeology. Finally an overview of the “new entry” in Archaeology, the BIM is given. The relationship between Ethnography and Archaeology, the evolution of Ethnoarchaeology and how ethnographical and architectonical similarities, when the archaeological data is scarce or unclear, could be used to deduce or speculate the form and technique of the ancient pile dwelling are also described. A general vision about different kinds of Neolithic houses around the globe is also given, in order to display the great diversity of architectonics at these early times. The research also includes a description of those physic forces that affect a pile dwelling and the different kind of wooden degradation that could affect a pile dwelling. The core of the research is meant to describes the reconstruction methodology from “dissecting” the house, using an innovative ontology based on modern architectural definition of house parts, to the reconstruction of its elements. The relationships between the different elements and parts of the house have been examined in order to show how they work and how they interact with each others. The dissertation includes a description of how each reconstructive steps has been undertaken using all the data at our disposal. The creative process undertaken in order to create a functional BIM process that would fit not only with the site of La Draga but also with all the archaeological sites in general, it is also described. The thesis includes the description of how we have implemented the conceptual model of the prehistoric timber house into a Building Information Model (BIM) for expanding the explanatory model and generalize our initial findings. Finally, the development of the “Three little pigs theory”, is presented. This theory has been designed to demonstrate how buildings having similar shapes, dimension etc. may not only have very different meanings and functions but also different responses to the same physic forces, which is why comparisons based uniquely on “similarities in shapes” should be avoided.
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Scholma-Mason, Nela. "Archaeology and folklore : the Norse in Orkney's prehistoric landscape." Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18121/.
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This research focuses on the representation of mounds and standing stones in Orkney's folklore, and how this can inform us about potential Norse perceptions of sites and the landscape. The Orcadian folkloric record is examined under consideration of wider parallels, whilst case studies are considered individually as well as within their wider landscape setting.
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Williams, Matthew Gregory Meredith. "Prehistoric coastal archaeology of the Farasan Islands, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2339/.
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Despite being the oldest multidisciplinary archaeological discipline the study of coastal archaeology and shell mounds has received relatively little attention until recently. The recognition of the importance of coastal resources from the Holocene back into the Palaeolithic has resulted in a new focus on the theme. One of the key questions is how far coastal resource exploitation goes back and whether what we see now is purely a product of Holocene intensification. The Arabian Peninsula has received relatively little attention and the role of coastal economies in the history of the region is poorly understood compared to many areas. The recent discovery of one of the highest densities of shell midden sites in the world provided the opportunity for these questions to be addressed. A multidisciplinary project using both state of the art and tried and tested methods resulted in the discovery and mapping of nearly 3000 shell midden sites and extensive coastal change on the islands. This thesis found compelling evidence for a short burst of intensive shellfish exploitation and site accumulation, the culmination of a long history of shell midden formation in the region going back into the early Holocene. Excavation of several sites allowed the formation processes of large shell mounds to be assessed, which is another question central to shell midden research. Geoarchaeological investigations have put these processes into context with coastal change to determine that exploitation was taking advantage of a small window of ecological opportunity. Dating methods have also been scrutinised, with a new value for local Marine Reservoir Effect determined, and Amino Acid Racemization calibrated for the region and tested.
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Faught, Michael Kent 1950. "Clovis Origins and Underwater Prehistoric Archaeology in Northwestern Florida." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565547.
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Cox, Katharine, and n/a. "Human migration in prehistoric Northeast Thailand." University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090626.150746.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the scale of human migration in three prehistoric settlements in the Upper Mun River Valley (UMRV) Northeast Thailand, from c. 1700BC - AD500. Archaeological data implies migration may have had a central role in the development of agriculture and later metal technology in the region, which is suggested to show increased social complexity over this important stage in the development of states in mainland Southeast Asia. The scale of these migrations, however, are not known and based on archaeological evidence it is unclear whether there were large numbers of individuals migrating into the region in order to bring about the changes seen in the archaeological record.
Two potentially complementary-methods are used to identify the extent of migration in the UMRV in this thesis. The first method, the study of dental morphological traits, is used as an indication of genotype of 78 prehistoric individuals. The second method is isotope analysis of the dental enamel of 74 individuals, used as indicators of childhood residence and diet. Strontium (Sr), Carbon (C) and Oxygen (O) isotopes are analysed. The first method reflects an individual�s genetic heritage through inherited traits, while the second method is an indication of an individual�s migration during their lifetime. Together, these methods may provide a powerful means to assess the scale of migration over an extended period of time in this region.
As it has been posited that the introduction of agriculture is related to migration of people into the region, the current study hypothesises that while immigrants would be identified from outside the UMRV during all phases of occupation at the sites, this would be particularly so during the earlier phases. It is also hypothesised through analysis of the morphological traits that genetic relationships at each site could be suggested. Finally, it is also hypothesised that individuals with evidence for infectious diseases, which are otherwise rare in the region, would be immigrants.
The frequencies of the dental morphological traits at each site are calculated, and a local pattern for each site developed. The results from the morphological traits suggest low levels of migration into the UMRV, and overall group homogeneity. Despite this homogeneity, it is suggested that several individuals may have been from a different genetic pool to others at the sites, reflected in a different combination of dental traits. There is also some evidence for genetic relationships between individuals, and over time, possibly indicating familial relationships at the sites.
Stability in the Sr isotopes over time suggest a local signature for the UMRV. Sr isotopes did not support a hypothesis of large-scale immigration into the UMRV, as there were few isotopic outliers identified. Those individuals with clear outlier Sr results, and therefore probable immigrants, were predominately female. All phases of occupation of the UMRV attracted some long-range inward movement of people, although the data suggests long-range migration diminished over time.
[delta]��C values show no significant change over time, possibly supporting the Sr data of limited migration into the region. While the interpretation of this isotope is primarily from a perspective of migration it is recognised that this may be limited to understanding variation in diet in the individuals. [delta]�⁸O values show significant change over time (p = 0.00, ANOVA), perhaps consistent with previous research which suggested increased aridity in the UMRV. An alternative explanation of the [delta]�⁸O data is that migration increased with time, with people who were differentiated by their O isotopes but not their Sr, however the increased aridity hypothesis is favoured here.
The hypothesis that individuals with evidence for infectious disease would be long-range immigrants into the region is rejected. None of the individuals who had physical evidence for infectious disease had chemical data to support their being immigrants.
The putative migrants to the UMRV are presented as case studies, assessing the complementarity of the methods used. It is argued that given the changes in the environment over time in the UMRV the area may have become less attractive to immigrants and as a result the communities may have become more insular. The data yielded from the two methods have demonstrated the value of using inherited dental traits together with isotopic data of individual migration for investigating human mobility in the past. Using these methods, this study shows that there were low levels of migration into the UMRV and that long-range migration was more frequent in the earliest phases of occupation in the region.
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Beausang, Elisabeth. "Childbirth and mothering in archaeology /." Gothenburg : Department of Archaeology, Univ. of Gothenburg, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0703/2006483161.html.
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Wymer, Dee Anne. "The paleoethnobotanical record of central Ohio - 100 B.C. to A.D. 800 : subsistence continuity amid cultural change." Connect to resource, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1219945114.
Full textBooks on the topic "Prehistoric Archaeology"
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Phillipson, D. W. African archaeology. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
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Tom, Dye, Rosendahl Paul H, and Riley Thomas J, eds. Marshall Islands archaeology. Honolulu, Hawai'i: Dept. of Anthropology, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, 1987.
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N, Bailey G., and Parkington John, eds. The Archaeology of prehistoric coastlines. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
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Singh, O. K. Prehistoric archaeology of Nongpok Keithelmanbi. Imphal: Amusana Institute of Antiquarian Studies, Manipur, 1986.
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O, Henry Donald, ed. The prehistoric archaeology of Jordan. Oxford: Archaeopress, 1998.
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A, Nelson Ben, and Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. Center for Archaeological Investigations., eds. Decoding prehistoric ceramics. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1985.
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J, Connolly Thomas, and Jenkins Dennis L, eds. Oregon Archaeology. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2011.
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Leelananda, Prematilleka, and Madhyama Saṃskr̥tika Aramudala (Sri Lanka), eds. The art and archaeology of Sri Lanka: Archaeology, archtecture, sculpture. Colombo: Central Cultural Fund, Ministry of Cultural Affairs, 2007.
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Leelananda, Prematilleka, and Madhyama Saṃskr̥tika Aramudala (Sri Lanka), eds. The art and archaeology of Sri Lanka: Archaeology, archtecture, sculpture. Colombo: Central Cultural Fund, Ministry of Cultural Affairs, 2007.
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Evans, Amanda M., Joseph C. Flatman, and Nicholas C. Flemming, eds. Prehistoric Archaeology on the Continental Shelf. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9635-9.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Prehistoric Archaeology"
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Hayward, Michele H., and Michael A. Cinquino. "Caribbean Prehistoric Archaeology." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 1810–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_3172.
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Hayward, Michele H., and Michael A. Cinquino. "Caribbean Prehistoric Archaeology." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 1–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3172-1.
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Raistrick, Arthur. "Prehistoric and Roman Industries." In Industrial Archaeology, 161–78. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003428053-12.
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Jahan, Shahnaj Husne. "Prehistoric Archaeology in Bangladesh." In A Companion to South Asia in the Past, 399–411. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119055280.ch25.
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Leon, Elmo. "Andes: Prehistoric Period." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 361–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_1680.
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Leon, Elmo. "Andes: Prehistoric Art." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 357–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_1684.
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Flatman, Joe. "Submerged Prehistoric Landscapes." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 10346–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_610.
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Leon, Elmo. "Andes: Prehistoric Period." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_1680-2.
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Leon, Elmo. "Andes: Prehistoric Art." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_1684-2.
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Leon, Elmo. "Andes: Prehistoric Period." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 238–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_1680.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Prehistoric Archaeology"
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Bergh, Stefan. "Turlough Hill – Place-making and Mountains in Prehistoric Ireland." In Landscape Archaeology Conference. VU E-Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/lac.2014.26.
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Falconer, Liz. "Interactive Virtual Archaeology: Constructing the Prehistoric Past at Avebury Henge." In 2016 15th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Communications and 2016 International Symposium on Cyberspace and Security (IUCC-CSS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iucc-css.2016.029.
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Cebrián Fernández, Rosario. "InnoArchaeology, un proyecto de innovación docente para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Arqueología." In IN-RED 2022: VIII Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2022.2022.15808.
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InnoArchaeoloy is a teaching innovation project that aims to promote the design of archaeology learning tools. They are intended to enable practical, attentive and quality teaching for the correct training of future professionals in the discipline. The basis of this project lies in Historical Archaeology, understood as the study with archaeological methodology of prehistoric societies with writing. This implies a transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary framework for approaching an integral knowledge of the past.
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Pozo Antonio, Jose Santiago, Teresa Rivas, Pablo Barreiro, Vera Caetano, Fernando Carrera, and Lara Bacelar Alves. "In situ characterization of prehistoric rock paintings: the Côa Valley (Portugal)." In 2023 IMEKO TC4 International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. Budapest: IMEKO, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/tc4-arc-2023.095.
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Pozo Antonio, Jose Santiago, Teresa Rivas, Pablo Barreiro, Vera Caetano, Fernando Carrera, and Lara Bacelar Alves. "In situ characterization of prehistoric rock paintings: the Côa Valley (Portugal)." In 2023 IMEKO TC4 International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. Budapest: IMEKO, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/10.21014/tc4-arc-2023.095.
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Vadillo, Veronica Walker. "Ocean Imperatives: analysing shipping infrastructure for the study of maritime networks in Southeast Asia." In The SEAMEO SPAFA International Conference on Southeast Asian Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFACON2021). SEAMEO SPAFA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafa.pqcnu8815a-02.
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How did Southeast Asia transform from a hub of prehistoric coastal networks into a transregional interdependent port system by the early modern period? To answer this question, which is crucial to understanding the historical developments of polities along the Indo-Pacific region, this presentation proposes to examine the synergetic nature of shipping infrastructure in order to push current boundaries that place the focus on trade goods.
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Liu, C., and D. Theodossopoulos. "Conservation Beyond Consolidation for Prehistoric Monuments: Finding Narratives from Archaeology to Architecture for Scottish Brochs." In 12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions. CIMNE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.056.
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Evans, Amanda M., and Matthew E. Keith. "Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology: Confronting Issues of Scale and Context on the Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/29657-ms.
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Bianco, Luca Di, Claude Albore Livadie, and Saverio G. Malatesta. "P.A.S.T. in Coast Project: A Tool for the Research and Enhancement of Prehistoric Archaeology on the Amalfi Coast." In ArcheoFOSS 2019. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021010003.
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Purnell, Maria Kathryn N. "The Prevailing Art and Tradition of Intentional Dental Modification in Prehistoric Southeast Asia | Ang Namamayaning Sining at Tradisyon ng Intensyonal na Modipikasyon ng Ngipin sa Sinaunang Timog-Silangang Asya." In The SEAMEO SPAFA International Conference on Southeast Asian Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFACON2021). SEAMEO SPAFA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafa.pqcnu8815a-06.
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Since prehistoric times, humans have changed select characteristics of their bodies, such as tattooing, hair-dyeing, cranial and feet deforming, and teeth modifying. Teeth are some of the most well-preserved remains in the archaeological record, with which we can study past cultural and ritualistic beliefs. Previous publications on dental modifications in Southeast Asia are mostly limited to the mainland, thus this paper reviews modifications observed in prehistoric sites across Southeast Asia, identifying common techniques and motivations. Findings show occurrence of dental ablation, filing, plating, and coloration, which began in the Neolithic, disappeared in the Bronze Age, but reappeared in the Iron Age, although the absence may be due to sampling shortage. Modifications have been associated to aestheticism, group identity, rite of passage, practicality, and medical benefit, but whether these all ring true remains uncertain. It is recommended that future research expand scope for better data representation, analyze modifications with context of community profiles, and investigate the significance of migration in the prevalence of certain techniques and patterns as part of understanding the cultural aspects of past humans’ lives, and assess the cultural (dis)continuity of these traditions into modern-day forms of body modification, art, healing, self-expression, and identity. Magmula sinaunang panahon, maitatala ang mga pagbabagong pisikal sa katawan, tulad ng pagtatato, pagkukulay ng buhok, at pag-iiba-anyo ng ulo, paa, at ngipin. Nabibilang ang ngipin sa mga lubos na napepreserbang artepakto sa arkiyoloji, at sa gayo’y magagamit pang-aral ng mga nakalipas na kultura at ritwal. Kasalukuyang limitado sa mainland ng Timog-Silangang Asya ang saliksik sa intensyonal na modipikasyon ng ngipin, kaya tatalakayin dito ang mga sinaunang modipikasyong nabanggit sa buong rehiyon, at tutukuyin ang pagkakatulad sa mga teknik at motibasyon. Nagsimula ang paglaganap ng sadyang pagtatanggal, pagliliha, pagkakalupkop, at pagkukulay ng ngipin noong Panahong Neolitiko, naglaho noong Panahong Tanso, at bumalik muli pagsapit ng Panahong Bakal, ngunit maaaring iukol ang paglaho sa kakulangan ng datos. Hindi pa tiyak, pero pwedeng ang mga modipkasyon sa estetisismo, pakikisama, pagriritwal, praktikalidad, at benepisyong-medikal. Inirerekomendang palawakin sa susunod na saliksik ang sakop para sa mas mabuting representasyon ng datos, suriin ang mga modipikasyon sa konteksto ng komunidad, at imbestigahan ang kahalagahan ng migrasyon sa paglaganap ng mga partikular na teknik at padron habang inuunawa ang mga aspetong kultural ng sinaunang panahon, at tasahan ang pagpapatuloy (o hindi) ng mga tradisyong nabanggit sa kasalukuyang modipikasyon ng katawan, sining, paggagamot, pagpapahayag ng sarili, at identidad.
Reports on the topic "Prehistoric Archaeology"
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Horejs, Barbara, and Ulrike Schuh, eds. PREHISTORY & WEST ASIAN/NORTHEAST AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGY 2021–2023. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/oeai.pwana2021-2023.
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The long-established research of Prehistory and West Asian/Northeast African archaeology (the former Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, OREA) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences was transformed into a department of the »new« Austrian Archaeological Institute (OeAI) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 2021. This merging of several institutes into the new OeAI offers a wide range of new opportunities for basic and interdisciplinary research, which support the traditional research focus as well as the development of new projects in world archaeology. The research areas of the Department of Prehistory and West Asian/Northeast African Archaeology include Quaternary archaeology, Prehistory, Near Eastern archaeology and Egyptology. The groups cover an essential cultural area of prehistoric and early historical developments in Europe, Northeast Africa and West Asia. Prehistory is embedded in the world archaeology concept without geographical borders, including projects beyond this core zone, as well as a scientific and interdisciplinary approach. The focus lies in the time horizon from the Pleistocene about 2.6 million years ago to the transformation of societies into historical epochs in the 1st millennium BC. The chronological expertise of the groups covers the periods Palaeolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. The archaeology of West Asia and Northeast Africa is linked to the Mediterranean and Europe, which enables large-scale and chronologically broad basic research on human history. The department consists of the following seven groups: »Quaternary Archaeology«, »Prehistoric Phenomena«, »Prehistoric Identities«, »Archaeology in Egypt and Sudan«, »Archaeology of the Levant«, »Mediterranean Economies« and »Urnfield Culture Networks«. The groups conduct fieldwork and material analyses in Austria, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Greece, Cyprus, Türkiye, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Sudan and South Africa.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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Dalglish, Chris, and Sarah Tarlow, eds. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.163.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: HUMANITY The Panel recommends recognition that research in this field should be geared towards the development of critical understandings of self and society in the modern world. Archaeological research into the modern past should be ambitious in seeking to contribute to understanding of the major social, economic and environmental developments through which the modern world came into being. Modern-world archaeology can add significantly to knowledge of Scotland’s historical relationships with the rest of the British Isles, Europe and the wider world. Archaeology offers a new perspective on what it has meant to be a modern person and a member of modern society, inhabiting a modern world. MATERIALITY The Panel recommends approaches to research which focus on the materiality of the recent past (i.e. the character of relationships between people and their material world). Archaeology’s contribution to understandings of the modern world lies in its ability to situate, humanise and contextualise broader historical developments. Archaeological research can provide new insights into the modern past by investigating historical trends not as abstract phenomena but as changes to real lives, affecting different localities in different ways. Archaeology can take a long-term perspective on major modern developments, researching their ‘prehistory’ (which often extends back into the Middle Ages) and their material legacy in the present. Archaeology can humanise and contextualise long-term processes and global connections by working outwards from individual life stories, developing biographies of individual artefacts and buildings and evidencing the reciprocity of people, things, places and landscapes. The modern person and modern social relationships were formed in and through material environments and, to understand modern humanity, it is crucial that we understand humanity’s material relationships in the modern world. PERSPECTIVE The Panel recommends the development, realisation and promotion of work which takes a critical perspective on the present from a deeper understanding of the recent past. Research into the modern past provides a critical perspective on the present, uncovering the origins of our current ways of life and of relating to each other and to the world around us. It is important that this relevance is acknowledged, understood, developed and mobilised to connect past, present and future. The material approach of archaeology can enhance understanding, challenge assumptions and develop new and alternative histories. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present vi Archaeology can evidence varied experience of social, environmental and economic change in the past. It can consider questions of local distinctiveness and global homogeneity in complex and nuanced ways. It can reveal the hidden histories of those whose ways of life diverged from the historical mainstream. Archaeology can challenge simplistic, essentialist understandings of the recent Scottish past, providing insights into the historical character and interaction of Scottish, British and other identities and ideologies. COLLABORATION The Panel recommends the development of integrated and collaborative research practices. Perhaps above all other periods of the past, the modern past is a field of enquiry where there is great potential benefit in collaboration between different specialist sectors within archaeology, between different disciplines, between Scottish-based researchers and researchers elsewhere in the world and between professionals and the public. The Panel advocates the development of new ways of working involving integrated and collaborative investigation of the modern past. Extending beyond previous modes of inter-disciplinary practice, these new approaches should involve active engagement between different interests developing collaborative responses to common questions and problems. REFLECTION The Panel recommends that a reflexive approach is taken to the archaeology of the modern past, requiring research into the nature of academic, professional and public engagements with the modern past and the development of new reflexive modes of practice. Archaeology investigates the past but it does so from its position in the present. Research should develop a greater understanding of modern-period archaeology as a scholarly pursuit and social practice in the present. Research should provide insights into the ways in which the modern past is presented and represented in particular contexts. Work is required to better evidence popular understandings of and engagements with the modern past and to understand the politics of the recent past, particularly its material aspect. Research should seek to advance knowledge and understanding of the moral and ethical viewpoints held by professionals and members of the public in relation to the archaeology of the recent past. There is a need to critically review public engagement practices in modern-world archaeology and develop new modes of public-professional collaboration and to generate practices through which archaeology can make positive interventions in the world. And there is a need to embed processes of ethical reflection and beneficial action into archaeological practice relating to the modern past.
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research. Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices. Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed. Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data. Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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Hall, Mark, and Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.