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Journal articles on the topic 'Prehistoric Archaeology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Clermont, Norman, and Philip E. L. Smith. "Prehistoric, prehistory, prehistorian … who invented the terms?" Antiquity 64, no. 242 (March 1990): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00077322.

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Who first used a word for the idea of ‘prehistory’? Chippindale, in a paper published last year, tried to clear up this old confusion once and for all. He failed. Here are more answers to the question — a matter of real historical importance since the invention of a prehistoric past was so central to the 19th-century development of archaeology.

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2

Lightfoot, Kent G. "Culture Contact Studies: Redefining the Relationship between Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology." American Antiquity 60, no. 2 (April 1995): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282137.

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Archaeology is poised to play a pivotal role in the reconfiguration of historical anthropology. Archaeology provides not only a temporal baseline that spans both prehistory and history, but the means to study the material remains of ethnic laborers in pluralistic colonial communities who are poorly represented in written accounts. Taken together, archaeology is ideally suited for examining the multicultural roots of modern América. But before archaeology’s full potential to contribute to culture contact studies can be realized, we must address several systemic problems resulting from the separation of “prehistoric” and “historical” archaeology into distinct subfields. In this paper, I examine the implications of increasing temporal/regional specialization in archaeology on (1) the use of historical documents in archaeological research, (2) the study of long-term culture change, and (3) the implementation of pan-regional comparative analyses.

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3

Benjamin, Jonathan, and Alex Hale. "Marine, Maritime, or Submerged Prehistory? Contextualizing the Prehistoric Underwater Archaeologies of Inland, Coastal, and Offshore Environments." European Journal of Archaeology 15, no. 2 (2012): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957112y.0000000007.

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Studies in submerged prehistoric archaeology have gained momentum in recent years with particular focus on the inundated landscapes of the European continental shelf. Although this renewed interest lies primarily in modern coasts and seas, there are a variety of differences between the submerged prehistoric archaeologies of inland and marine environments, ranging from questions of scientific research to heritage management to practical field methods. Some of these differences are the result of location, function, and period. Despite this, there exist similarities that, if ignored, risk increased marginalization of the archaeology of submerged landscapes from the greater field of prehistoric archaeology. A holistic evaluation of prehistoric archaeological landscapes must include inland waters and coastal zones and their relationships. Aquatic environments, viewed both as individual locations as well as continuous and connecting waterways, are introduced for their differences and similarities, and simplified examples of material and legislation are introduced in order to contextualize submarine sites and practices within the greater fields of prehistory and underwater archaeology.

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4

Rudwick, Martin. "Prehistoric archaeology." Nature 366, no. 6453 (December 1993): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/366388a0.

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Hakonen, Aki. "Communities Beyond Society: Divergence of Local Prehistories on the Bothnian Arc, Northern Europe." Open Archaeology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0132.

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Abstract This article presents a comparison of material records of two nearby regions on the coast of the Bothnian Bay. The timeframe is 5300–2000 BCE. The focus is on regional differences, which indicate a schizmogenesis of communal identities. The study calls for a reorientation of research concerning Fennoscandian prehistory. More attention should be paid to localized prehistories. It is argued that when prehistoric society is used as a fundamental group category, especially in the context of forager communities, the modern concept of state society distorts the underlying framework. Focusing on the regional level by constructing local prehistoric narratives limits the anachronistic effect and allows the proliferation of local communal identities. Such local prehistories, when collated and compared, offer a pathway to understanding prehistoric stateless societies, which are misrepresented by simplistic material cultural zones and the inherent homogeny ingrained within the concept of society. In this paper, the analysis is focused on practices representing local traditions. Two divergent themes that arise from the local prehistoric narratives are the Late Mesolithic use of local stone materials and regional changes in Neolithic dwelling forms.

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Besse, M., S. Fragnière, A. Müller, M. Piguet, L. Dubois, D. Miéville, S. Schoeb, and D. Schumacher. "Learning About Archaeology and Prehistoric Life." Science & Education 28, no. 6-7 (May 25, 2019): 759–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11191-019-00047-z.

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Abstract This article is about an intervention introducing prehistoric life in primary education. Its objectives were to foster openness and interest for prehistory and archaeology, as well as content knowledge and conceptual learning with a focus on four main facets: basic knowledge about prehistoric life; conceptual learning/change regarding prehistory; learning about archaeologists and archaeology as a scientific discipline; and learning about interactions of archaeology and other disciplines (interdisciplinarity). Students participated in two workshops about the creation of a prehistoric object, highlighting the close interaction between the natural sciences and humanities within archaeology. The workshop emphasised dialogue between students, teachers and researchers, as well as active participation by the students. The educational effects of the workshops were studied using a pre-post design (N = 439, ages 8–10 years). Results show that the workshops had sizeable positive effects on both affective and cognitive variables. The appreciation of the workshops ranged from ≈ 70 to 90% (of maximum value) for interest, perceived educational value and further aspects. We also found a positive impact of the intervention on cognitive variables, e.g. for several elements of key knowledge about prehistory (such as where prehistoric people lived and with what resources; medium to large effect sizes: d > 0.9 and d = 0.46, respectively). Regarding conceptual learning, we found improved understanding of the link between climate change and long-term changes in wildlife in a given area (medium to large effect sizes, d = 0.5–0.8). A positive impact was also found for the understanding of archaeology encompassing both humanities and the natural sciences (e.g. understanding of climate change as inferred from archaeological knowledge, d = 0.3–0.5). No differences of the various outcomes were found between girls and boys; the workshops appear suitable for both genders. We conclude with a discussion of the interpretation of our findings, of some limitations and possible improvements, and of future perspectives, in particular for further classroom implementation.

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7

Moundrea-Agrafioti, Antikleia. "The "global" and the "local" in the Aegean Bronze Age: The case of Akrotiri, Thera." Ekistics and The New Habitat 73, no. 436-441 (December 1, 2006): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441102.

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The author is Assistant Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology, Department of History Archaeology and Social Anthropology , University of Thessaly, Greece. After undergraduate studies in History and Archaeology at the University of Athens she obtained her Masters as well as her Ph. D degree in Prehistoric Archaeology at the University of Paris X, Nanterre in 1981. Her research interests focus on Aegean prehistory, spanning the Palaeolithic to Late Bronze Age, the prehistoric stone and bone technology, the obsidian characterization studies and the material culture issues, the interaction between technology and prehistoric communities and aspects involved in the contextual analysis. Her current fieldwork interests concern survey and excavation involving new technologies. Since 2005 she is the Director of the Zerelia Excavations Program, of the University of Thessaly. She has a long affiliation with The Akrotiri Thera Excavations since 1983. On the site she is involved in the excavation, study and publication of stone tools industries, and the database and GIS applications. Dr Moundrea Agrafioti is a member of the World Society for Ekistics.

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8

Chippindale, Christopher. "The Invention of Words for the Idea of ‘Prehistory’." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 54 (1988): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00005867.

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The standard recent authorities on the history of archaeology date the invention of a specific word for prehistory to 1833, saying that Paul Tournal of Narbonne used the adjective préhistorique (‘prehistoric’ in the English translation in Heizer 1969, 91; and in Daniel 1967, 25, following Heizer 1962) or the noun préhistoire (Daniel 1981,48) in an article about French bone-caves.This is not true. The word Tournal used was antéhistorique (Tournal 1833, 175), and the mistake has arisen from working with an idiomatic translation into English, which rendered ‘anté-historique’ as ‘prehistoric’ (Tournal [1959]) instead of the original French. (Grayson 1983, 102., however, quotes Tournal's original French correctly.) The earliest use of ‘prehistoric’ seems to be Daniel Wilson's of 1851 in The Archaeology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland (1851), as the older histories of archaeology say (eg Daniel 1950, 86 (reprinted in Daniel 1975, 86); Daniel 1962, 9), before the error about Tournal began to circulate.

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9

Fullagar, Richard. "Australian prehistoric archaeology." Before Farming 2004, no. 2 (January 2004): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2004.2.1.

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10

Peleggi, Maurizio. "Prehistory and Ideology in Cold War Southeast Asia: The Politics of Wartime Archaeology in Thailand and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 1954–1975." Histories 3, no. 2 (April 21, 2023): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/histories3020008.

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The two decades comprised within the partition of Vietnam and the end of the Indochina Wars surprisingly saw major advances in prehistoric archaeology in the region. This article examines the political context and implications of archaeological investigations conducted in Thailand and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam under the guidance of, respectively, American and Soviet specialists, as an aspect of the cultural Cold War. Archaeological discoveries in both countries debunked colonial archaeology’s account of prehistoric Southeast Asia as a passive recipient of Chinese cultural influence by documenting autonomous technological development. The article argues that the new image of mainland Southeast Asia’ prehistory that formed by the early 1970s reflected the superpowers’ objective of empowering the region’s postcolonial nation-states notwithstanding their political contrasts, yet it was not equally congruent with the nationalist narratives of Thailand and North Vietnam.

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11

Rowley-Conwy, Peter. "The concept of prehistory and the invention of the terms ‘prehistoric’ and ‘prehistorian’: the Scandinavian origin, 1833–1850." European Journal of Archaeology 9, no. 1 (2006): 103–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957107077709.

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It is usually assumed by historians of archaeology that the ‘concept of prehistory’ and the terms ‘prehistoric’ and ‘prehistorian’ first appeared in Britain and/or France in the mid-nineteenth century. This contribution demonstrates that the Scandinavian equivalent terms forhistorisk and förhistorisk were in use substantially earlier, appearing in print first in 1834. Initial usage by Molbech differed slightly from that of the present day, but within three years the modern usage had been developed. The concept of prehistory was first developed at the same time by C.J. Thomsen, though he did not use the word. It was used more frequently in the nationalism debates of the 1840s, particularly by J.J.A. Worsaae. One of the other protagonists, the Norwegian Peter Andreas Munch, was probably responsible for introducing the concept to Daniel Wilson in 1849, and suggesting that an English equivalent to forhistorisk was required.

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12

Gathercole, Peter. "Childe, Marxism, and Knowledge." European Journal of Archaeology 12, no. 1-3 (2009): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957109339695.

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Childe withdrew from revolutionary politics after his post-university years in Australia in favour of a career in prehistoric archaeology in Britain. Though remaining a Marxist, his application of Marxist principles to prehistory developed only slowly as his interpretations became more sophisticated. He became increasingly interested in knowledge about prehistory from studying results of the interactions between material remains and their interpretation (in Marxist terms, the relationships between practice and theory). In his paper ‘Retrospect’, Childe (1958b:73) charted the development in his thinking to where he rejected ‘transcendental laws determining history and mechanical causes … automatically shaping its course’ with an understanding that a prehistoric society's knowledge of itself was ‘known or knowable … with its then existing material and conceptual equipment’. Thus the prehistory of Europe could be seen not as a product of Oriental civilization, but as an independent entity. Childe could then write a prehistory of Europe ‘that should be both historical and scientific’ (1958b:74). This book, The Prehistory of European Society (1958a), also demonstrated his use of the epistemology of knowledge to understand prehistory as a sociological phenomenon.

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13

Phillips, Tim, and Richard Bradley. "Developer-funded fieldwork in Scotland, 1990-2003." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 134 (November 30, 2005): 17–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.134.17.51.

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The paper is in two parts. The first presents a digest of the prehistoric evidence recovered by developer-funded archaeology between 1990 and 2003 and compares it with the results of projects funded by Historic Scotland. The second reflects on the wider significance of this material in relation to past and present research on Scottish prehistory and its implications for the archaeology of Britain and Ireland.

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14

Singh, Virender. "Study of prehistoric archaeology." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 11, no. 8 (2021): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.01787.0.

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15

Cameron, David. "Uniformitarianism And Prehistoric Archaeology." Australian Archaeology 36, no. 1 (November 1993): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1993.11681481.

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16

Budja, Mihael. "Neolithic pottery and the biomolecular archaeology of lipids." Documenta Praehistorica 41 (December 30, 2014): 196–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.41.11.

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In this paper, we present archaeological and biochemical approaches to organic food residues, the lipids that are well preserved in ceramic matrices on prehistoric vessels. The ‘archaeo- logical biomarker revolution’ concept is discussed in relation to pottery use, animal exploitation and the evolution of dietary practices in prehistory.

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17

Rückemann, Claus-Peter. "The Coherent Multi-disciplinary Knowledge Case of Prehistorical Insight: Information Science at the Edge of Structured Data Comprehension." Information Theories and Applications 28, no. 1 (2021): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54521/ijita28-01-p01.

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Up to these days, we are experiencing an omnipresent lack of a general approach for cognitive addressing of knowledge structures. This article presents new results and component reference implementations based on frameworks of coherent conceptual knowledge. Coherent conceptual knowledge provides valuable instruments for multi-disciplinary contextualisation, e.g., for contexts in prehistory and protohistory. This research addresses scientific methodologies, valorisation and intelligent re-valorisation of any scientific insight, cognostic addressing of structures, also known as nucleal cognstructures. The resulting component reference implementations enable productive, fertile environments, and learning-improvement-cycles. Central goal of this research is a consistent coherent conceptual integration of knowledge. Prehistory and prehistoric archaeology and their contexts and contextualisation provide a plethora of instructive multi-disciplinary scientific scenarios of high complexity. Thus, component reference implementations for these scenarios are implementation blueprints for informational modeling, industrial learning, and improvement cycles. The results of this long-term research provide solutions based on practical information science, beneficial for prehistory, prehistoric archaeology, and their multi-disciplinary contexts as well as for providing approaches to general solutions.

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18

Wood, Jacqui. "Food and drink in European prehistory." European Journal of Archaeology 3, no. 1 (2000): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2000.3.1.89.

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There is a wealth of archaeological evidence, from bones excavated in prehistoric middens, piles of fruit stones and sea shells, that give us concrete indications of food consumed at various prehistoric sites around Europe. In addition to this information, we have pollen analysis from settlement sites and charred plant macrofossils. Wetland archaeology informs us in much more detail about not only the types of foods that were being eaten in prehistory but also, in some cases, their cooking techniques. This paper will explore whether or not a popular misconception about the daily diet in prehistory has its roots in the analysis of stomach contents of various bog bodies found in Europe.

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Welinder, Stig. "The Archaeology of Old Age." Current Swedish Archaeology 9, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2001.11.

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Prehistoric people sometimes died at an old age to judge by the longevity of life estimated from skeletal data. Anthropology, however, suggests that old age is a much more complex concept than that. The process of growing old that is stressed in the anthropological theory of old people may advantageously be discussed on the basis of prehistoric burial-ground data. Examples from Swedish burial-grounds hint at a cultural variation in the way in which prehistoric societies viewed old age.

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VAI, GIAN BATTISTA. "THE ORIGIN OF PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY." Earth Sciences History 38, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 327–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-38.2.327.

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ABSTRACT Prehistoric archaeology had its first pioneers in France led by Boucher de Perthes (the Abbeville school), who excavated fossil bones and stone tools beginning in the late 1820s to early 1830. At about the same time a second group in Denmark led by Worsaae (the Copenhagen school) studied an archaeological interval prior to their historical record, based on museum collections. Though lacking stratigraphical excavation they provided a chrono-typologic basic division into the stone, bronze, and iron ages across the past 3000 years. A third group led by the Italian Scarabelli (the Imola school) introduced the name ancient (prehistoric) archaeology with a field stratigraphic, geologic, petrologic and mapping approach. The discipline of prehistoric archaeology originated almost simultaneously as a multi-vocal result of activity led by these three independent groups.

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Hutton, Ronald. "Romano-British Reuse of Prehistoric Ritual Sites." Britannia 42 (April 18, 2011): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x1100002x.

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AbstractMuch interest has been taken recently in the reuse of prehistoric ceremonial sites during later prehistory and early history, but only limited attention has been paid to this phenomenon during the Romano-British period. This article seeks to build on existing work by making a detailed study of such activity in three specific cases: the limestone caves of the Bristol Channel region, the Neolithic chambered tombs of the Cotswold-Severn area and the Peak District, and the three most spectacular prehistoric monuments of the Wessex chalklands: Stonehenge, the Avebury complex and the Uffington White Horse.

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Smith, Pamela Jane. "Grahame Clark's new archaeology: the Fenland Research Committee and Cambridge prehistory in the 1930s." Antiquity 71, no. 271 (March 1997): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00084490.

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The Fenland Research Committee, founded in 1932, guided research in the low wetlands north of Cambridge in east England. Its work marked a turning-point in the developing prehistory of Sir Grahame Clark, a change so profound it is here called a ‘new archaeology’. A leading approach now as ‘ecological archaeology’, it is here shown to have its conception in certain goals, definitions, concepts, and assumptions — and in the field circumstances which promoted a then-new approach to prehistoric materials.

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23

Cveček, Sabina. "Why kinship still needs anthropologists in the 21st century." Anthropology Today 40, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12861.

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With the rise of ancient DNA studies in prehistoric archaeology, terms such as matriliny and patriliny are commonly used in scholarly literature. From a sociocultural anthropological perspective, however, the two terms are not as simple and unproblematic as is widely accepted among archaeogeneticists. Matriliny and patriliny are umbrella terms for societies with a wide range of political and kinship practices, with or without a state. Moreover, archaeogenetic literature has assumed specific associations with matrilineal and patrilineal descent that are not supported by sociocultural anthropology. To properly understand the diversity of human sociopolitical forms in both the deep and recent past, archaeology – in its broadest sense, including archaeogenetics – must avoid essentializing prehistoric communities without exploring the empirical nuances that are well documented ethnographically. Finally, the article calls for more engagement in debates on kinship and sociopolitical organization in prehistory from sociocultural anthropological perspectives.

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James, N. "Are Catalans ignoring archaeology?" Antiquity 83, no. 321 (September 1, 2009): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00099051.

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So declares the new introduction to the Museum of Archaeology of Catalonia (MAC), in Barcelona. It is too modest. The collection is big. It concentrates on Catalonia and its culture area but there are finds from further afield, notably Bronze Age Argaric material. Extensive space is devoted to the late prehistory of the Balearic Islands, a magnificent collection from the Greek and Roman site of Empúries (Ampurias, ancient Emporium, Emporiae), and to the late prehistoric 'Iberian' culture, including the Tivissa treasure. There is also a good collection of Visigothic material. To the visitor from northern Europe, the museum is a reminder of how much there is to find in a country for so long heavily populated.

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Kunnas-Pusa, Liisa. "Eighteenth-century visions of the Stone Age." 1700-tal: Nordic Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 18 (July 2, 2021): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/4.5905.

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Archaeological concepts of prehistory and the Stone Age are rooted in nineteenth-century scientific discoveries, which extended the human past much further back in time than was previously thought. Without this deep past, the disciplines of archaeology and history would not be what they are today. However, when the division of prehistory into the ages of stone, bronze, and iron was introduced in 1836, it was already an old idea. Stone Age artefacts and the initial phase of human history were discussed in the eighteenth-century academic world, even though the periodisation of history was constructed differently. In the philosophy of the Enlightenment several ideas surfaced which were essential to the formation of archaeology as a scientific practice, and which still affect the way the prehistoric past is imagined. This article examines the concept of a prehistoric, furthest past in Finnish scientific texts, within the framework of eighteenth-century Swedish traditions of science and historiography. How did the scholars in the Academy of Turku view Stone Age artefacts that had a multi-faceted nature in the antiquarian tradition? In what way did their visions of the earliest phase of the Nordic past set up later nationalistic narratives about prehistory?

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Allen, Harry. "PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA." Berkala Arkeologi 7, no. 2 (September 26, 1986): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v7i2.455.

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The northern part of North Australia is not far from Java and Timor. There are great numbers of influences in the North Western part of Australia from Indonesian region. The coast alligator river area is 200 kilometres east of Darwin, Northern Territory is now 60 kilometres from the coast to the mountain area. The plain area is flat and the water is salty, being tidal on the coast. Further inland the river is fresh water. To day there are few mangroves in this area, but there is evidence that mangroves were more widespread between 6.000 - 3.000 BP. During the wet season the coastal plain is flooded.

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Kalogirou, Alexandra, Douglass W. Bailey, Ivan Panayotov, and Stefan Alexandrov. "Prehistoric Bulgaria." American Journal of Archaeology 100, no. 4 (October 1996): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/506681.

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Oestigaard, Terje. "Prehistoric Ethics." Current Swedish Archaeology 26, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2016.06.

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Chippindale, Christopher, and Timothy Darvill. "Prehistoric Britain." American Journal of Archaeology 93, no. 2 (April 1989): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505097.

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Cova, Elisabetta. "Negotiating the Past in the Present: Italian Prehistory, Civic Museums, and Curatorial Practice in Emilia-Romagna, Italy." European Journal of Archaeology 13, no. 3 (2010): 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957110386702.

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The latter half of the nineteenth century witnessed the establishment of prehistoric archaeology as a scientific discipline in Italy, as well as the founding of the Italian nation state. Evolutionism, positivism, and a sense of national identity informed prehistoric research and the activities of individuals, such as Strobel, Pigorini, and Chierici, who are regarded today as the founding fathers of Italian prehistory. It is in this dynamic cultural and political climate that the civic museums of Reggio Emilia, Modena, and Bologna were created, both as a response to intense local archaeological activity and in reaction to the centralizing structure of the newly formed kingdom of Italy. These civic museums were among the first museums of prehistory in Italy and the products of the cultural and political climate of late nineteenth-century Europe. This article explores the circumstances surrounding the foundation of these museums and considers how the work of the first prehistorians and the museums' own histories, as civic and cultural institutions, continues to affect their role and management in the present.

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Renfrew, Colin, Theodora Bynon, Merritt Ruhlen, Aron Dolgopolsky, and Peter Bellwood. "Is there a Prehistory of Linguistics?" Cambridge Archaeological Journal 5, no. 2 (October 1995): 257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300015055.

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There are few aspects of human behaviour more fundamental than our ability to use language. Language plays a key role in the study of any living human society, and of all historical communities which have left us written records. In theory it could also throw enormous light on the development and relationships of prehistoric human communities. But here there is a huge and obvious problem: what evidence can there be for human languages in the pre-literate, prehistoric age? In other words, what hope is therefor a prehistory of linguistics? There is no easy answer, yet it is hard to accept that any account of human prehistory can be considered adequate without some knowledge of prehistoric languages and linguistic relationships, if only at the broadest scale.The list of questions we might wish to pose stretches back to the period of the very earliest hominids. When did our human ancestors first begin to talk to each other? Was language acquisition sudden or gradual? Did human language arise in one place, and then spread and diversify from- that point? Or did it emerge independently, among separate groups of early humans in different parts of the world?Leading on from this is the study of ethnicity and ethnogenesis. Since the end of the nineteenth century one of the biggest problems facing prehistoric archaeologists has been the identification and interpretation of archaeological cultures and cultural groups. Do these have any social or ethnic reality? Is it right to speak of a Beaker ‘folk’? Was the Bandkeramik colonization the work of one people or of many? These questions would be so much easier to resolve if only we could trace the prehistory of languages, and could establish, for instance, whether all Bandkeramik and Beaker users spoke the same or a related language.Such possibilities may seem exciting and hopeful to some, irredeemably optimistic to others. Whatever view we take, they clearly merit serious discussion. In the present Viewpoint, our third in the series, we have asked five writers — two archaeologists (Renfrew & Bellwood), three linguists (Bynon, Ruhlen & Dolgopolsky) — to give their own, personal response to the key question ‘Is there a prehistory of linguistics?’ Can we, from the evidence of archaeology, linguistics (and now DNA studies), say anything positive about langtiage in prehistory?

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Barnes, Gina L. "Analytical perspectives on Japanese archaeology." Antiquity 64, no. 245 (December 1990): 866–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00078996.

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Aikens & Higuchi’s Prehistory of Japan (1982) made Japanese archaeology accessible to a wide readership. Japanese data are increasingly incorporated into mainstream analytical works by western archaeologists not directly involved in the area (e.g. Price 1981; Rowley-Conwy 1984; Rouse 1986). The year 1986 marked a further watershed in publishing Japanese archaeology, with Windows on the Japanese past edited by R. Pearson et al. and Prehistoric hunter-gatherers in Japan edited by Akazawa & Aikens. Instead of syntheses or overviews of the country’s cultural (pre-)history, they provide diverse research articles which assume some familiarity with the Japanese sequence and its problems. Both are, nevertheless, specialist publications, offered through university institutions.

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Souvatzi, Stella. "Kinship and Social Archaeology." Cross-Cultural Research 51, no. 2 (February 8, 2017): 172–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069397117691028.

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Kinship is a most significant organizing principle of human grouping, the basic matter of social categories in archaeological and ethnographic societies, and an important concept universally. However, its significance has rarely been adequately incorporated within archaeology’s theoretical and interpretative practice. This article aims to not only show the potential of bringing kinship into social archaeology, but also argue that archaeology can make important contributions to wider social research. Grounded on prehistoric data, spanning from the 8th to the 4th millennium bc, and drawing on cross-cultural discussions, it explores how understandings and practices of kinship might have been constructed and enacted in the first farming communities through architecture, time, material products, burials, and rituals. In doing so, the article addresses key issues of common interest in archaeology and anthropology, inviting interdisciplinary dialogue.

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Trubshaw, Bob. "Prehistoric Journeys." Time and Mind 3, no. 1 (January 2010): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175169709x12579622921892.

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Planel, Philippe. "Archaeology in French education: work in the département of the Drôme." Antiquity 74, no. 283 (March 2000): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00066266.

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The French have long been proud of their prehistoric sites. Lascaux and, more recently, Tautavel and la Grotte Chauvet are part of the national cultural consciousness. This interest in prehistory begins at primary school; Lascaux and Tautavel are specifically mentioned in programmes of study, even though the 1999 programmes have been pruned and ‘lightened’ (alleges). French primary school children all know who ‘Lucy’ was.

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Parker-Pearson, M. "From corpse to skeleton: dealing with the dead in prehistory." Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 28, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2016): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13219-016-0144-y.

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The shortcomings of the archaeological record raise many challenges for the interpretation of prehistoric funerary practices, particularly because the remains of most people in prehistory have left no trace at all. Throughout prehistory, most human remains were treated in ways that are archaeologically invisible. A brief review of the sequence of funerary practices in British prehistory reveals major gaps and deficiencies in the burial record. It may well be that the normative rites for much of British prehistory were those that left little or no archaeological trace, such as excarnation through exposure of corpses or scattering of cremated ashes.One form of mortuary practice only recently demonstrated for British prehistory is that of mummification. Scientific analysis of Late Bronze Age skeletons from Cladh Hallan, in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, has revealed that they were not only composites of multiple individuals but were also mummified prior to burial. In particular, histological analysis of bioerosion in the bone microstructure reveals that putrefaction was arrested soon after death. This method of histological analysis has been applied to a large sample of prehistoric and historical human remains, and reveals that patterns of arrested decay are particularly a feature of the British Bronze Age from the Bell Beaker period onwards.

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LeBlanc, Steven A. "Modeling Warfare in Southwestern Prehistory." North American Archaeologist 18, no. 3 (January 1998): 235–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/v36n-euvx-ny91-celr.

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Warfare was an important behavioral component in the Southwest, and its existence and consequences have not been adequately considered in modeling Southwestern prehistory. Warfare seems to have varied in intensity, importance, and form during the prehistoric record, however, one particular episode seems to be particularly important and usefully dealt with. This was a period of intense warfare lasting from the mid a.d. 1200s, well into the Pueblo IV period.

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Becker, Marshall Joseph, and Peter M. Fischer. "Prehistoric Cypriot Skulls." American Journal of Archaeology 93, no. 1 (January 1989): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505405.

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Kolb, Charles C., Ben A. Nelson, and Prudence M. Rice. "Decoding Prehistoric Ceramics." Journal of Field Archaeology 17, no. 1 (1990): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530397.

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Swiny, Stuart. "Recent Developments in Cypriot Prehistoric Archaeology." American Journal of Archaeology 89, no. 1 (January 1985): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/504769.

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Moody, Jennifer, Oliver Rackham, and George Rapp. "Environmental Archaeology of Prehistoric NW Crete." Journal of Field Archaeology 23, no. 3 (1996): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530483.

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Moody, Jennifer, Oliver Rackham, and George Rapp. "Environmental Archaeology of Prehistoric NW Crete." Journal of Field Archaeology 23, no. 3 (January 1996): 273–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/009346996791973855.

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Vitezovic, Selena. "Studies of technology in prehistoric archaeology." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 137 (2011): 465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1137465v.

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Technology studies have always been the most important focus of archaeology, as a science which analyzes human past through the study of material culture. To say that something is technological in archaeology, means to put the concept of technology in the centre of theoretical studies, and to study not only the form of the object, but also the entire sequence of technological factors, from raw material choice, mode of use, up to the reasons for abandonment. The concept of technology in anthropology and archaeology is based on the original meaning of the word ????? in ancient Greek, meaning the skill, i. e., to study how something is being done. Such a concept of technology as a skill or mode of doing something was for the first time outlined by the French anthropologist Marcel Mauss, whose starting point was that every technological statement was at the same time social or cultural statement and that technological choices have social foundations. Pierre Lemonnier further developed the anthropology of technology, focusing on the question of technological choices, as well as numerous other anthropologists. In archaeology, the most important contribution to the study of technology was the work of Andr? Leroi-Gourhan, who created the concept of cha?ne op?ratoire, as an analytical tool for studying the mode of creating, using and discarding an artefact, starting with raw material acquisition, mode of manufacture, final form, use (including caching, breaking and repairing) up to the final discarding. It is not only about reconstructing the algorithmic sequence of operations in creating one object, but it is a complex analysis of operational chain within one society which includes the analysis of technological choices. The analyses of technologies today include a variety of different approaches, most of them with emphasis on the cultural and social aspects of technology. The analysis of bone industry in the Early and Middle Neolithic in central Balkans (Starcevo culture), which included not only final objects, but also manufacture debris and semi-finished products, revealed a well developed industry, with a high level of technological knowledge on the properties of raw materials, skillful manufacture, well organized production, as well as possibility of a certain degree of specialization on the micro and macro level (within one settlement and within a group of settlements). Both raw material choices and manufacturing techniques, as well as the final forms, demonstrated a high standardization level. Also certain symbolic value was attributed to some raw materials, and there is a possibility that skill itself was valued. Further analyses of multiple technologies will help in reconstructing the organization of production, social and economic aspects in Neolithic societies, as well as the role of technology in everyday and ritual life.

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Cochrane, Grant W. G., Trudy Doelman, and Lyn Wadley. "Another Dating Revolution for Prehistoric Archaeology?" Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 20, no. 1 (December 22, 2011): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10816-011-9125-0.

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Allen, Harry. "Ethnography and Prehistoric Archaeology in Australia." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 15, no. 2 (June 1996): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jaar.1996.0005.

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Oosterbeek, Luiz. "Archaeographic and conceptual advances in interpreting Iberian Neolithisation." Documenta Praehistorica 31 (December 31, 2004): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.31.6.

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Prehistoric research has evolved, in the last decade, from a mere collaboration of disciplines into a new, trans-disciplinary, approach to Prehistoric contexts. New stable research teams, involving researchers with various scientific backgrounds (geology, botanic, anthropology, history, mathematics, geography, etc.) working together, have learned their diversified "vocabularies" and methodologies. As a main result, a more holistic approach to Prehistory is to be considered. Previous models of the Neolithic on the Atlantic side of Iberia were focused on material culture and strict economics (this being an important improvement concerning previous typological series). Current research became open to discussing the meaning ofconcepts like "food production", "chiefdom" or "territory". It also dropped the "Portuguese/Spanish" frontier that pervaded previous models (to the limited exception of some interpretations for megaliths). Finally, new and important data is now confirming that the "Cardial Neolithic" coastal spread was only one, and a minor element in the Neolithisation of the western seaboard.

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Knapp, A. Bernard, and Lynn Meskell. "Bodies of Evidence on Prehistoric Cyprus." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 7, no. 2 (October 1997): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300001931.

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This study takes as its point of departure recent discussions in sociology, anthropology, queer theory, and masculinist and feminist studies on the contextual constitution of sex and gender, with its surrounding debates. We explore the adoption and implications of the body as a phenomenon in archaeology and its connection to power-centred theories. As a case study, we use a body of data comprised of prehistoric Cypriot figurines (Chalcolithic and Bronze Age), and suggest that an archaeology of individuals may be possible in prehistoric contexts. In conclusion, we suggest that archaeologists move beyond rigid, binary categorizations and attempt to prioritize specific discourses of difference by implementing constructions of self or identity

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Piotrowska, Danuta, and Wojciech Piotrowski. "John Morton Coles (1930-2020). From Palaeolithic Studies to Wetland Archaeology. A Commemoration." Archaeologia Polona 59 (December 20, 2021): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/apa59.2021.2839.

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This article is dedicated to John Morton Coles (1930-2020), Professor of European Prehistory at Cambridge University between 1980 and 1986, Fellow of the British Academy, author of the highly regarded scientific works, teacher and editor. He dealt with several archaeological periods and was involved in different field projects and conducted numerous excavations. At Cambridge, in the Department of Archaeology, John Coles collaborated with such significant figures as Professors Grahame Clark and Glyn Daniel. John Coles devoted much of his time to experimental and wetland archaeology as well as to prehistoric rock carvings in Sweden and Norway. John Coles was awarded an honorary doctorate by Uppsala University. He was the advisor of Biskupin’s archaeological open-air Museum in Poland.

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Whallon, Robert, Graeme Barker, and Alasdair Whittle. "Prehistoric Farming in Europe." American Journal of Archaeology 90, no. 4 (October 1986): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/506041.

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Kasnowihardjo, Gunadi. "GAMBAR CADAS KALIMANTAN TIMUR: Satu Bukti Seni Lukis Kutai Purba." Berkala Arkeologi 28, no. 2 (November 30, 2008): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v28i2.360.

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Art including painting is an element of culture. Therefore art also becomes an object of archaeological research. Rock art paintings found in prehistoric caves in Kutai Timur regency of East Kalimantan Province are categorized as art paintings of prehistoric era. In prehistoric archaeology, arts and religion were difficult to be separated. Rock art paintings should be analized by religion approach and arts approach as well.

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