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Journal articles on the topic 'Prehistory Archaeology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 February 2023

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Gathercole, Peter. "Childe, Marxism, and Knowledge." European Journal of Archaeology 12, no. 1-3 (2009): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957109339695.

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Childe withdrew from revolutionary politics after his post-university years in Australia in favour of a career in prehistoric archaeology in Britain. Though remaining a Marxist, his application of Marxist principles to prehistory developed only slowly as his interpretations became more sophisticated. He became increasingly interested in knowledge about prehistory from studying results of the interactions between material remains and their interpretation (in Marxist terms, the relationships between practice and theory). In his paper ‘Retrospect’, Childe (1958b:73) charted the development in his thinking to where he rejected ‘transcendental laws determining history and mechanical causes … automatically shaping its course’ with an understanding that a prehistoric society's knowledge of itself was ‘known or knowable … with its then existing material and conceptual equipment’. Thus the prehistory of Europe could be seen not as a product of Oriental civilization, but as an independent entity. Childe could then write a prehistory of Europe ‘that should be both historical and scientific’ (1958b:74). This book, The Prehistory of European Society (1958a), also demonstrated his use of the epistemology of knowledge to understand prehistory as a sociological phenomenon.

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2

Lightfoot, Kent G. "Culture Contact Studies: Redefining the Relationship between Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology." American Antiquity 60, no. 2 (April 1995): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282137.

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Archaeology is poised to play a pivotal role in the reconfiguration of historical anthropology. Archaeology provides not only a temporal baseline that spans both prehistory and history, but the means to study the material remains of ethnic laborers in pluralistic colonial communities who are poorly represented in written accounts. Taken together, archaeology is ideally suited for examining the multicultural roots of modern América. But before archaeology’s full potential to contribute to culture contact studies can be realized, we must address several systemic problems resulting from the separation of “prehistoric” and “historical” archaeology into distinct subfields. In this paper, I examine the implications of increasing temporal/regional specialization in archaeology on (1) the use of historical documents in archaeological research, (2) the study of long-term culture change, and (3) the implementation of pan-regional comparative analyses.

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3

Besse, M., S. Fragnière, A. Müller, M. Piguet, L. Dubois, D. Miéville, S. Schoeb, and D. Schumacher. "Learning About Archaeology and Prehistoric Life." Science & Education 28, no. 6-7 (May 25, 2019): 759–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11191-019-00047-z.

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Abstract This article is about an intervention introducing prehistoric life in primary education. Its objectives were to foster openness and interest for prehistory and archaeology, as well as content knowledge and conceptual learning with a focus on four main facets: basic knowledge about prehistoric life; conceptual learning/change regarding prehistory; learning about archaeologists and archaeology as a scientific discipline; and learning about interactions of archaeology and other disciplines (interdisciplinarity). Students participated in two workshops about the creation of a prehistoric object, highlighting the close interaction between the natural sciences and humanities within archaeology. The workshop emphasised dialogue between students, teachers and researchers, as well as active participation by the students. The educational effects of the workshops were studied using a pre-post design (N = 439, ages 8–10 years). Results show that the workshops had sizeable positive effects on both affective and cognitive variables. The appreciation of the workshops ranged from ≈ 70 to 90% (of maximum value) for interest, perceived educational value and further aspects. We also found a positive impact of the intervention on cognitive variables, e.g. for several elements of key knowledge about prehistory (such as where prehistoric people lived and with what resources; medium to large effect sizes: d > 0.9 and d = 0.46, respectively). Regarding conceptual learning, we found improved understanding of the link between climate change and long-term changes in wildlife in a given area (medium to large effect sizes, d = 0.5–0.8). A positive impact was also found for the understanding of archaeology encompassing both humanities and the natural sciences (e.g. understanding of climate change as inferred from archaeological knowledge, d = 0.3–0.5). No differences of the various outcomes were found between girls and boys; the workshops appear suitable for both genders. We conclude with a discussion of the interpretation of our findings, of some limitations and possible improvements, and of future perspectives, in particular for further classroom implementation.

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4

Rückemann, Claus-Peter. "The Coherent Multi-disciplinary Knowledge Case of Prehistorical Insight: Information Science at the Edge of Structured Data Comprehension." Information Theories and Applications 28, no. 1 (2021): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54521/ijita28-01-p01.

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Up to these days, we are experiencing an omnipresent lack of a general approach for cognitive addressing of knowledge structures. This article presents new results and component reference implementations based on frameworks of coherent conceptual knowledge. Coherent conceptual knowledge provides valuable instruments for multi-disciplinary contextualisation, e.g., for contexts in prehistory and protohistory. This research addresses scientific methodologies, valorisation and intelligent re-valorisation of any scientific insight, cognostic addressing of structures, also known as nucleal cognstructures. The resulting component reference implementations enable productive, fertile environments, and learning-improvement-cycles. Central goal of this research is a consistent coherent conceptual integration of knowledge. Prehistory and prehistoric archaeology and their contexts and contextualisation provide a plethora of instructive multi-disciplinary scientific scenarios of high complexity. Thus, component reference implementations for these scenarios are implementation blueprints for informational modeling, industrial learning, and improvement cycles. The results of this long-term research provide solutions based on practical information science, beneficial for prehistory, prehistoric archaeology, and their multi-disciplinary contexts as well as for providing approaches to general solutions.

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5

Clermont, Norman, and Philip E. L. Smith. "Prehistoric, prehistory, prehistorian … who invented the terms?" Antiquity 64, no. 242 (March 1990): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00077322.

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Who first used a word for the idea of ‘prehistory’? Chippindale, in a paper published last year, tried to clear up this old confusion once and for all. He failed. Here are more answers to the question — a matter of real historical importance since the invention of a prehistoric past was so central to the 19th-century development of archaeology.

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6

Chippindale, Christopher. "The Invention of Words for the Idea of ‘Prehistory’." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 54 (1988): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00005867.

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The standard recent authorities on the history of archaeology date the invention of a specific word for prehistory to 1833, saying that Paul Tournal of Narbonne used the adjective préhistorique (‘prehistoric’ in the English translation in Heizer 1969, 91; and in Daniel 1967, 25, following Heizer 1962) or the noun préhistoire (Daniel 1981,48) in an article about French bone-caves.This is not true. The word Tournal used was antéhistorique (Tournal 1833, 175), and the mistake has arisen from working with an idiomatic translation into English, which rendered ‘anté-historique’ as ‘prehistoric’ (Tournal [1959]) instead of the original French. (Grayson 1983, 102., however, quotes Tournal's original French correctly.) The earliest use of ‘prehistoric’ seems to be Daniel Wilson's of 1851 in The Archaeology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland (1851), as the older histories of archaeology say (eg Daniel 1950, 86 (reprinted in Daniel 1975, 86); Daniel 1962, 9), before the error about Tournal began to circulate.

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7

Parker-Pearson, M. "From corpse to skeleton: dealing with the dead in prehistory." Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 28, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2016): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13219-016-0144-y.

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The shortcomings of the archaeological record raise many challenges for the interpretation of prehistoric funerary practices, particularly because the remains of most people in prehistory have left no trace at all. Throughout prehistory, most human remains were treated in ways that are archaeologically invisible. A brief review of the sequence of funerary practices in British prehistory reveals major gaps and deficiencies in the burial record. It may well be that the normative rites for much of British prehistory were those that left little or no archaeological trace, such as excarnation through exposure of corpses or scattering of cremated ashes.One form of mortuary practice only recently demonstrated for British prehistory is that of mummification. Scientific analysis of Late Bronze Age skeletons from Cladh Hallan, in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, has revealed that they were not only composites of multiple individuals but were also mummified prior to burial. In particular, histological analysis of bioerosion in the bone microstructure reveals that putrefaction was arrested soon after death. This method of histological analysis has been applied to a large sample of prehistoric and historical human remains, and reveals that patterns of arrested decay are particularly a feature of the British Bronze Age from the Bell Beaker period onwards.

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8

Benjamin, Jonathan, and Alex Hale. "Marine, Maritime, or Submerged Prehistory? Contextualizing the Prehistoric Underwater Archaeologies of Inland, Coastal, and Offshore Environments." European Journal of Archaeology 15, no. 2 (2012): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957112y.0000000007.

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Studies in submerged prehistoric archaeology have gained momentum in recent years with particular focus on the inundated landscapes of the European continental shelf. Although this renewed interest lies primarily in modern coasts and seas, there are a variety of differences between the submerged prehistoric archaeologies of inland and marine environments, ranging from questions of scientific research to heritage management to practical field methods. Some of these differences are the result of location, function, and period. Despite this, there exist similarities that, if ignored, risk increased marginalization of the archaeology of submerged landscapes from the greater field of prehistoric archaeology. A holistic evaluation of prehistoric archaeological landscapes must include inland waters and coastal zones and their relationships. Aquatic environments, viewed both as individual locations as well as continuous and connecting waterways, are introduced for their differences and similarities, and simplified examples of material and legislation are introduced in order to contextualize submarine sites and practices within the greater fields of prehistory and underwater archaeology.

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9

Wood, Jacqui. "Food and drink in European prehistory." European Journal of Archaeology 3, no. 1 (2000): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2000.3.1.89.

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There is a wealth of archaeological evidence, from bones excavated in prehistoric middens, piles of fruit stones and sea shells, that give us concrete indications of food consumed at various prehistoric sites around Europe. In addition to this information, we have pollen analysis from settlement sites and charred plant macrofossils. Wetland archaeology informs us in much more detail about not only the types of foods that were being eaten in prehistory but also, in some cases, their cooking techniques. This paper will explore whether or not a popular misconception about the daily diet in prehistory has its roots in the analysis of stomach contents of various bog bodies found in Europe.

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10

Appenzeller, T. "ARCHAEOLOGY: Transitions in Prehistory." Science 282, no. 5393 (November 20, 1998): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5393.1441.

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11

Earle, Timothy. "Archaeology, Property, and Prehistory." Annual Review of Anthropology 29, no. 1 (October 21, 2000): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.29.1.39.

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12

Phillips, Tim, and Richard Bradley. "Developer-funded fieldwork in Scotland, 1990-2003." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 134 (November 30, 2005): 17–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.134.17.51.

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The paper is in two parts. The first presents a digest of the prehistoric evidence recovered by developer-funded archaeology between 1990 and 2003 and compares it with the results of projects funded by Historic Scotland. The second reflects on the wider significance of this material in relation to past and present research on Scottish prehistory and its implications for the archaeology of Britain and Ireland.

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13

Kunnas-Pusa, Liisa. "Eighteenth-century visions of the Stone Age." 1700-tal: Nordic Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 18 (July 2, 2021): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/4.5905.

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Archaeological concepts of prehistory and the Stone Age are rooted in nineteenth-century scientific discoveries, which extended the human past much further back in time than was previously thought. Without this deep past, the disciplines of archaeology and history would not be what they are today. However, when the division of prehistory into the ages of stone, bronze, and iron was introduced in 1836, it was already an old idea. Stone Age artefacts and the initial phase of human history were discussed in the eighteenth-century academic world, even though the periodisation of history was constructed differently. In the philosophy of the Enlightenment several ideas surfaced which were essential to the formation of archaeology as a scientific practice, and which still affect the way the prehistoric past is imagined. This article examines the concept of a prehistoric, furthest past in Finnish scientific texts, within the framework of eighteenth-century Swedish traditions of science and historiography. How did the scholars in the Academy of Turku view Stone Age artefacts that had a multi-faceted nature in the antiquarian tradition? In what way did their visions of the earliest phase of the Nordic past set up later nationalistic narratives about prehistory?

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14

Budja, Mihael. "Neolithic pottery and the biomolecular archaeology of lipids." Documenta Praehistorica 41 (December 30, 2014): 196–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.41.11.

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In this paper, we present archaeological and biochemical approaches to organic food residues, the lipids that are well preserved in ceramic matrices on prehistoric vessels. The ‘archaeo- logical biomarker revolution’ concept is discussed in relation to pottery use, animal exploitation and the evolution of dietary practices in prehistory.

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15

LeBlanc, Steven A. "Modeling Warfare in Southwestern Prehistory." North American Archaeologist 18, no. 3 (January 1998): 235–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/v36n-euvx-ny91-celr.

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Warfare was an important behavioral component in the Southwest, and its existence and consequences have not been adequately considered in modeling Southwestern prehistory. Warfare seems to have varied in intensity, importance, and form during the prehistoric record, however, one particular episode seems to be particularly important and usefully dealt with. This was a period of intense warfare lasting from the mid a.d. 1200s, well into the Pueblo IV period.

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16

Cooney, Gabriel. "A sense of place in Irish prehistory." Antiquity 67, no. 256 (September 1993): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00045865.

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Peter Woodman's survey-article in ANTIQUITY, ‘Filling the spaces in Irish prehistory’ (66: 295–314), was developed from his paper to the Prehistoric Society, ‘What's new in Irish prehistory?’ Was it actually new? Did it fill the spaces in the periods of earlier Irish prehistory that ANTIQUITYasked Professor Woodman to address? Gabriel Cooney offers a different perspective on Irish prehistory.

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17

Renfrew, Colin, Theodora Bynon, Merritt Ruhlen, Aron Dolgopolsky, and Peter Bellwood. "Is there a Prehistory of Linguistics?" Cambridge Archaeological Journal 5, no. 2 (October 1995): 257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300015055.

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There are few aspects of human behaviour more fundamental than our ability to use language. Language plays a key role in the study of any living human society, and of all historical communities which have left us written records. In theory it could also throw enormous light on the development and relationships of prehistoric human communities. But here there is a huge and obvious problem: what evidence can there be for human languages in the pre-literate, prehistoric age? In other words, what hope is therefor a prehistory of linguistics? There is no easy answer, yet it is hard to accept that any account of human prehistory can be considered adequate without some knowledge of prehistoric languages and linguistic relationships, if only at the broadest scale.The list of questions we might wish to pose stretches back to the period of the very earliest hominids. When did our human ancestors first begin to talk to each other? Was language acquisition sudden or gradual? Did human language arise in one place, and then spread and diversify from- that point? Or did it emerge independently, among separate groups of early humans in different parts of the world?Leading on from this is the study of ethnicity and ethnogenesis. Since the end of the nineteenth century one of the biggest problems facing prehistoric archaeologists has been the identification and interpretation of archaeological cultures and cultural groups. Do these have any social or ethnic reality? Is it right to speak of a Beaker ‘folk’? Was the Bandkeramik colonization the work of one people or of many? These questions would be so much easier to resolve if only we could trace the prehistory of languages, and could establish, for instance, whether all Bandkeramik and Beaker users spoke the same or a related language.Such possibilities may seem exciting and hopeful to some, irredeemably optimistic to others. Whatever view we take, they clearly merit serious discussion. In the present Viewpoint, our third in the series, we have asked five writers — two archaeologists (Renfrew & Bellwood), three linguists (Bynon, Ruhlen & Dolgopolsky) — to give their own, personal response to the key question ‘Is there a prehistory of linguistics?’ Can we, from the evidence of archaeology, linguistics (and now DNA studies), say anything positive about langtiage in prehistory?

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18

Oosterbeek, Luiz. "Higher education in prehistory and archaeology." Revista Arqueologia Pública 13, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rap.v13i2.8658295.

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The growing divide between sciences and humanities has led, in the last decades, to their global weakening, leading to a pragmatic empire of technological solutions deprived from meaning and global reasoning. In parallel, the source o many current disruptive processes is the incapacity of understanding the implications of the global merger of economies and societies, but also the trend towards segregating new identities and cultural networks. We consider that education and training are key elements in the process of building shared landscapes, i.e., shared convergent perceptions of the territories, and that education in prehistory and archaeology should be structured within this framework. Reflecting on general concerns and perspectives of Humanities education at large, and on specific constraints in Europe and Portugal, we argue that the specific relevance of archaeology within a programme for humanities concerns its expertise in assessing adaptation mechanisms, economy-environment balances, techniques and technology, as well as its interdisciplinary approach, going beyond humanities and involving social and natural sciences. The text concludes by presenting the structure and strategy of the Master programme in Prehistoric Archaeology and Rock Art, as part of a wider programme of archaeology and cultural heritage education at the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar.

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Oosterbeek, Luiz. "Higher education in prehistory and archaeology." Revista Arqueologia Pública 14, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rap.v14i2.8658295.

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The growing divide between sciences and humanities has led, in the last decades, to their global weakening, leading to a pragmatic empire of technological solutions deprived from meaning and global reasoning. In parallel, the source o many current disruptive processes is the incapacity of understanding the implications of the global merger of economies and societies, but also the trend towards segregating new identities and cultural networks. We consider that education and training are key elements in the process of building shared landscapes, i.e., shared convergent perceptions of the territories, and that education in prehistory and archaeology should be structured within this framework. Reflecting on general concerns and perspectives of Humanities education at large, and on specific constraints in Europe and Portugal, we argue that the specific relevance of archaeology within a programme for humanities concerns its expertise in assessing adaptation mechanisms, economy-environment balances, techniques and technology, as well as its interdisciplinary approach, going beyond humanities and involving social and natural sciences. The text concludes by presenting the structure and strategy of the Master programme in Prehistoric Archaeology and Rock Art, as part of a wider programme of archaeology and cultural heritage education at the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar.

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20

Nicklasson, Påvel. "On Giants in Swedish Archaeology." Current Swedish Archaeology 17, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2009.11.

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Before the development of archaeology there were speculations that prehistory had been populated by giants. Giants are often seen in opposition to a scientific worldview and basic archaeological concepts. It has been emphasised that during the early 19th century there was a break between old beliefs and scientific archaeology. The author wants to show that the belief in giants in prehistory was essentially already gone. It was revived around rgoo by an intensified interest in prehistory. It was central in formulating basic archaeological notions, such as the existence of a Stone Age. The belief in giants and the historicity of folk tales were part of romantic philosophy. The romantic roots of archaeology have been denied but are central for archaeological thinking.

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21

Smith, Pamela Jane. "Grahame Clark's new archaeology: the Fenland Research Committee and Cambridge prehistory in the 1930s." Antiquity 71, no. 271 (March 1997): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00084490.

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The Fenland Research Committee, founded in 1932, guided research in the low wetlands north of Cambridge in east England. Its work marked a turning-point in the developing prehistory of Sir Grahame Clark, a change so profound it is here called a ‘new archaeology’. A leading approach now as ‘ecological archaeology’, it is here shown to have its conception in certain goals, definitions, concepts, and assumptions — and in the field circumstances which promoted a then-new approach to prehistoric materials.

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22

James, N. "Are Catalans ignoring archaeology?" Antiquity 83, no. 321 (September 1, 2009): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00099051.

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So declares the new introduction to the Museum of Archaeology of Catalonia (MAC), in Barcelona. It is too modest. The collection is big. It concentrates on Catalonia and its culture area but there are finds from further afield, notably Bronze Age Argaric material. Extensive space is devoted to the late prehistory of the Balearic Islands, a magnificent collection from the Greek and Roman site of Empúries (Ampurias, ancient Emporium, Emporiae), and to the late prehistoric 'Iberian' culture, including the Tivissa treasure. There is also a good collection of Visigothic material. To the visitor from northern Europe, the museum is a reminder of how much there is to find in a country for so long heavily populated.

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23

Wells, Peter S., and Grahame Clark. "Economic Prehistory: Papers on Archaeology." American Journal of Archaeology 97, no. 3 (July 1993): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/506370.

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24

Dyson, Stephen L., Joan M. Gero, and Margaret W. Conkey. "Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 23, no. 2 (1992): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/205279.

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25

Hoole, Maya. "Caithness Archaeology: Aspects of Prehistory." Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 19, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13505033.2017.1321366.

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26

Hughes, Richard E. "California Archaeology and Linguistic Prehistory." Journal of Anthropological Research 48, no. 4 (December 1992): 317–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.48.4.3630442.

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27

Cova, Elisabetta. "Negotiating the Past in the Present: Italian Prehistory, Civic Museums, and Curatorial Practice in Emilia-Romagna, Italy." European Journal of Archaeology 13, no. 3 (2010): 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957110386702.

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The latter half of the nineteenth century witnessed the establishment of prehistoric archaeology as a scientific discipline in Italy, as well as the founding of the Italian nation state. Evolutionism, positivism, and a sense of national identity informed prehistoric research and the activities of individuals, such as Strobel, Pigorini, and Chierici, who are regarded today as the founding fathers of Italian prehistory. It is in this dynamic cultural and political climate that the civic museums of Reggio Emilia, Modena, and Bologna were created, both as a response to intense local archaeological activity and in reaction to the centralizing structure of the newly formed kingdom of Italy. These civic museums were among the first museums of prehistory in Italy and the products of the cultural and political climate of late nineteenth-century Europe. This article explores the circumstances surrounding the foundation of these museums and considers how the work of the first prehistorians and the museums' own histories, as civic and cultural institutions, continues to affect their role and management in the present.

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Moundrea-Agrafioti, Antikleia. "The "global" and the "local" in the Aegean Bronze Age: The case of Akrotiri, Thera." Ekistics and The New Habitat 73, no. 436-441 (December 1, 2006): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441102.

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The author is Assistant Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology, Department of History Archaeology and Social Anthropology , University of Thessaly, Greece. After undergraduate studies in History and Archaeology at the University of Athens she obtained her Masters as well as her Ph. D degree in Prehistoric Archaeology at the University of Paris X, Nanterre in 1981. Her research interests focus on Aegean prehistory, spanning the Palaeolithic to Late Bronze Age, the prehistoric stone and bone technology, the obsidian characterization studies and the material culture issues, the interaction between technology and prehistoric communities and aspects involved in the contextual analysis. Her current fieldwork interests concern survey and excavation involving new technologies. Since 2005 she is the Director of the Zerelia Excavations Program, of the University of Thessaly. She has a long affiliation with The Akrotiri Thera Excavations since 1983. On the site she is involved in the excavation, study and publication of stone tools industries, and the database and GIS applications. Dr Moundrea Agrafioti is a member of the World Society for Ekistics.

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Otroshchenko, V. V. "REFLECTIONS ON THE CONCEPTS OF CULTUROGENESIS." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 39, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2021.02.01.

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The concept of centers of culturogenesis, formulated and developed by V. Bochkarev was accepted and caused a number of considerations, clarifications and links to the regions of Eurasia during the Paleometal era. The implementation of the topic «Culturogenesis in the Eneolithic — Bronze Age in Ukraine» at the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine brought the attention to the problems of culturogenesis. V. Pankovskyi, comparing the points of the participants in the discussion on the vision of the manifestations of culturogenesis, determined the existence of two of its concepts — center-pulsating and center-accumulative. The researcher believes that the existing concepts of culturogenesis are different approaches to understanding the essence of cultural deposits, based on the principles of archaeology or prehistory. V. Pankovskyi’s sympathies on the side of archaeology and the creator of the center-pulsating concept of culturogenesis of V. Bochkarev, who proposed the periodization of the Bronze Age, based on technological changes in the production of non-ferrous metals. The author considers such periodization to be no less controversial than the previous ones, given its limited source base. V. Pankovskyi, based on the center-pulsating concept of cultural genesis, concludes that the periodization of V. Otroshchenko is not archaeological, being a cultural-chronological scheme of regional prehistory. To my opinion, the concept, due to its delicate substance, cannot be applied in assessing certain periodization on its own. However, its creators are capable of it completely. It should be reminded that any periodization of prehistory is a scheme. The question is the following: is the periodization of the Bronze Age made by V. Gorodtsov an archaeology or a scheme of regional prehistory? In general, it is too early to draw a line between archaeology and prehistory by comparing two concepts represented at the level of theses and individual articles. Both concepts of culturogenesis have already entered the segment of prehistory, without breaking with its archaeological «umbilical cord». Primitive archaeology and prehistory should not be too different.

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Peleggi, Maurizio. "Prehistory and Ideology in Cold War Southeast Asia: The Politics of Wartime Archaeology in Thailand and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 1954–1975." Histories 3, no. 2 (April 21, 2023): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/histories3020008.

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The two decades comprised within the partition of Vietnam and the end of the Indochina Wars surprisingly saw major advances in prehistoric archaeology in the region. This article examines the political context and implications of archaeological investigations conducted in Thailand and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam under the guidance of, respectively, American and Soviet specialists, as an aspect of the cultural Cold War. Archaeological discoveries in both countries debunked colonial archaeology’s account of prehistoric Southeast Asia as a passive recipient of Chinese cultural influence by documenting autonomous technological development. The article argues that the new image of mainland Southeast Asia’ prehistory that formed by the early 1970s reflected the superpowers’ objective of empowering the region’s postcolonial nation-states notwithstanding their political contrasts, yet it was not equally congruent with the nationalist narratives of Thailand and North Vietnam.

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Barnes, Gina L. "Analytical perspectives on Japanese archaeology." Antiquity 64, no. 245 (December 1990): 866–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00078996.

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Aikens & Higuchi’s Prehistory of Japan (1982) made Japanese archaeology accessible to a wide readership. Japanese data are increasingly incorporated into mainstream analytical works by western archaeologists not directly involved in the area (e.g. Price 1981; Rowley-Conwy 1984; Rouse 1986). The year 1986 marked a further watershed in publishing Japanese archaeology, with Windows on the Japanese past edited by R. Pearson et al. and Prehistoric hunter-gatherers in Japan edited by Akazawa & Aikens. Instead of syntheses or overviews of the country’s cultural (pre-)history, they provide diverse research articles which assume some familiarity with the Japanese sequence and its problems. Both are, nevertheless, specialist publications, offered through university institutions.

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Haslam, Michael. "Towards a prehistory of primates." Antiquity 86, no. 332 (June 2012): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00062773.

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Using the behaviour of related primates to provide analogies for early humans has a long tradition in archaeology. But these primates too have a past, and experienced particular contexts for the adoption of tool-using. In this pioneering review, the author explores distinctions among chimpanzees in ecology, diet and innovation, sets a wider agenda for a prehistory of primates and explains how archaeology could serve it.

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Rowley-Conwy, Peter. "The concept of prehistory and the invention of the terms ‘prehistoric’ and ‘prehistorian’: the Scandinavian origin, 1833–1850." European Journal of Archaeology 9, no. 1 (2006): 103–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957107077709.

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It is usually assumed by historians of archaeology that the ‘concept of prehistory’ and the terms ‘prehistoric’ and ‘prehistorian’ first appeared in Britain and/or France in the mid-nineteenth century. This contribution demonstrates that the Scandinavian equivalent terms forhistorisk and förhistorisk were in use substantially earlier, appearing in print first in 1834. Initial usage by Molbech differed slightly from that of the present day, but within three years the modern usage had been developed. The concept of prehistory was first developed at the same time by C.J. Thomsen, though he did not use the word. It was used more frequently in the nationalism debates of the 1840s, particularly by J.J.A. Worsaae. One of the other protagonists, the Norwegian Peter Andreas Munch, was probably responsible for introducing the concept to Daniel Wilson in 1849, and suggesting that an English equivalent to forhistorisk was required.

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Planel, Philippe. "Archaeology in French education: work in the département of the Drôme." Antiquity 74, no. 283 (March 2000): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00066266.

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The French have long been proud of their prehistoric sites. Lascaux and, more recently, Tautavel and la Grotte Chauvet are part of the national cultural consciousness. This interest in prehistory begins at primary school; Lascaux and Tautavel are specifically mentioned in programmes of study, even though the 1999 programmes have been pruned and ‘lightened’ (alleges). French primary school children all know who ‘Lucy’ was.

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Wylie, Alison, Margaret Ehrenberg, and Lindsay Allason-Jones. "Women in Prehistory." Journal of Field Archaeology 18, no. 4 (1991): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530413.

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36

Todd, Malcolm. "Goethe and prehistory." Antiquity 59, no. 227 (November 1985): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00057264.

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In this fascinating article, the Professor of Archaeology in the University of Exeter shows us that Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) was not only the author of Faust, The Sorrows of Young Werther, and of beautiful lyrics, ballads and love-songs, but was keenly interested in prehistory and was well abreast of the subject as it was developing in Germany in the early nineteenth century.

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Merriman, Nick. "Prehistory for kids." Antiquity 62, no. 237 (December 1988): 710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00075128.

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A salutary test of the advances made in the communication of archaeology to a non-specialist audience is to go into a children's bookshop and ask for books about prehistory. It can be an unsettling experience. This note looks at what was produced on a visit to a children's bookshop in Cambridge, as it indicates the sort of haphazard collection available to a casual buyer.

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Barker, Graeme. "Regional archaeological projects." Archaeological Dialogues 3, no. 2 (December 1996): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s138020380000074x.

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Explicitly regional projects have been a comparatively recent phenomenon in Mediterranean archaeology. Classical archaeology is by far the strongest discipline in the university, museum and antiquities services career structures within the Mediterranean countries. It has always been dominated by the ‘Great Tradition’ of classical art and architecture: even today, a university course on ‘ancient topography’ in many departments of classical archaeology will usually deal predominantly with the layout of the major imperial cities and the details of their monumental architecture. The strength of the tradition is scarcely surprising in the face of the overwhelming wealth of the standing remains of the Greek and Roman cities in every Mediterranean country. There has been very little integration with prehistory: early prehistory is still frequently taught within a geology degree, and later prehistory is still invariably dominated by the culture-history approach. Prehistory in many traditional textbooks in the north Mediterranean countries remains a succession of invasions and migrations, first of Palaeolithic peoples from North Africa and the Levant, then of neolithic farmers, then metal-using élites from the East Mediterranean, followed in an increasingly rapid succession by Urnfielders, Dorians and Celts from the North, to say nothing of Sea Peoples (from who knows where?!). For the post-Roman period, church archaeology has a long history, but medieval archaeology in the sense of dirt archaeology is a comparatively recent discipline: until the 1960s in Italy, for example, ‘medieval archaeology’ meant the study of the medieval buildings of the historic cities, a topic outside the responsibility of the State Archaeological Service (the Superintendency of Antiquities) and within that of the parallel ‘Superintendencies’ for monuments, libraries, archives and art galleries.

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Kardulias, P. Nick, and James A. Bell. "Reconstructing Prehistory: Scientific Method in Archaeology." American Journal of Archaeology 99, no. 4 (October 1995): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/506194.

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Fleming, Andrew. "Landscape Archaeology, Prehistory, and Rural Studies." Rural History 1, no. 1 (April 1990): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300003174.

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This essay considers whether it is possible for landscape archaeologists, particularly those concerned with prehistory or with periods not significantly text-aided, to go beyond the pursuit of methodological virtuosity and the production of local studies, and make useful contributions to discussions on mainstream social and economic issues in human history. A major problem for landscape archaeologists – and indeed for prehistorians – is that as soon as they stray beyond routine archaeological description and analysis, they face the scepticism of anthropologists, historians and human geographers. I argue that we can learn from scholars from these other disciplines but should not try to ape them. We need to define more clearly our own field of operation. It has become fashionable to consider past landscapes as texts; comparisons between the contexts of ‘messages’ conveyed by documents and by landscapes lead me to suggest that ignorance of the nature of oral tradition and its articulation within material culture is one of the prehistorian's greatest blind spots. In choosing the most useful scale for analysis, the prehistorian should develop the concept of the small community, rather than the ‘site’ or the region, and consider the modification of such a community's ‘mental map’ of the landscape as a critical indicator of social process.

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Giannitrapani, Enrico. "Public archaeology and prehistory in Sicily." Antiquity 72, no. 278 (December 1998): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00087305.

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We have invited an active prehistorian from Sicily to set two important events in context: the first conference on Sicilian prehistory held at Corleone and the important exhibition held in Palermo over the last year. Sicily is one of the richest regions of the world for archaeological remains and yet has not received the attention it deserves. This is especially true for prehistory, which has suffered from devaluation by ancient historians such as Moses Finley (1979: 13) — ‘… the Greek settlers found wives among the natives, and also a labour force. Other than that, however, the lasting effects of the pre-Greek populations would not seem to have been very significant’—and where it has often been assumed that everything of worth came from outside. Enrico Giannitrapani presents the emerging consciousness of Sicilians that their island was not founded by the Greeks.

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Taylor, Timothy. "Prehistory vs. Archaeology: Terms of Engagement." Journal of World Prehistory 21, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10963-008-9011-1.

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Fibiger, Linda. "The Past as a Foreign Country." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 44, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2018.440103.

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Steven Pinker’s thesis on the decline of violence since prehistory has resulted in many popular and scholarly debates on the topic that have ranged—at times even raged— across the disciplinary spectrum of evolution, psychology, philosophy, biology, history, and beyond. Those disciplines that made the most substantial contribution to the empirical data underpinning Pinker’s notion of a more violent prehistoric past, namely, archaeology and bioarchaeology/physical anthropology, have not featured as prominently in these discussions as may be expected. This article will focus on some of the issues resulting from Pinker’s oversimplifi ed cross-disciplinary use of bioarchaeological data sets in support of his linear model of the past, a model that, incidentally, has yet to be incorporated into current accounts of violent practices in prehistory.

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Trentacoste, Angela. "Etruscan Foodways and Demographic Demands: Contextualizing Protohistoric Livestock Husbandry in Northern Italy." European Journal of Archaeology 19, no. 2 (2016): 279–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957115y.0000000015.

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Domestic livestock were a crucial part of Mediterranean communities throughout later prehistory. In the first millennium BC, livestock mangement changed, and was changed by, the rise of cities in Italy. Italian prehistory has a rich zooarchaeological tradition, but investigation of the Iron Age has been regionally divided and synthetic works on the Po valley comparatively few. This article presents a pan-regional review of late prehistoric and protohistoric livestock exploitation that considers Northern and Central Italy together for the first time. Zooarchaeological comparison reveals an increase in the use of sheep/goat for secondary products, while cattle and caprines were subject to size changes that distinguish their management from that of pigs. A marked increase in pig husbandry is visible in both regions, but this shift took place earlier and more emphatically in Northern Etruscan centres than in Central Italy. After defining the main changes in animal management during the period under review, this article looks beyond population density to explore the wider environmental, economic, and cultural context of pork consumption and its relation to the development of urbanism in Etruria padana.

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Reed, Paul F. "Reinterpreting Jornada Mogollon Prehistory." North American Archaeologist 8, no. 3 (January 1988): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hrjm-q0p3-uuw3-ab8q.

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The prehistory of the Jornada branch of the Mogollon culture has traditionally been interpreted narrowly, using a framework that emphasizes the high visibility portion of the archaeological record. Recently, some archaeologists have broadened this focus to include lower visibility archaeological remains. Proponents of this new approach have reached conclusions quite different from, and often times in conflict with, traditional interpretations. This new perspective provides a theoretical foundation that guides analysis of key issues in Jornada prehistory—settlement patterns, chronology, and processes of change. The integration of new ideas with the older, descriptive data allows for a reinterpretation of Jornada prehistory. Implications of such a reinterpretation go beyond the Jornada area and affect our understanding of Southwestern prehistory.

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Rosenberg, Michael, and Jacob Roodenberg. "Prehistorya Yazilari: Halet Cambel Icin/Readings in Prehistory: Studies Presented to Halet Cambel." American Journal of Archaeology 100, no. 3 (July 1996): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/507034.

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Hutton, Ronald. "Romano-British Reuse of Prehistoric Ritual Sites." Britannia 42 (April 18, 2011): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x1100002x.

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AbstractMuch interest has been taken recently in the reuse of prehistoric ceremonial sites during later prehistory and early history, but only limited attention has been paid to this phenomenon during the Romano-British period. This article seeks to build on existing work by making a detailed study of such activity in three specific cases: the limestone caves of the Bristol Channel region, the Neolithic chambered tombs of the Cotswold-Severn area and the Peak District, and the three most spectacular prehistoric monuments of the Wessex chalklands: Stonehenge, the Avebury complex and the Uffington White Horse.

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Sutton, Mark Q. "Approaches to Linguistic Prehistory." North American Archaeologist 12, no. 4 (April 1992): 303–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9hu9-e5d6-y8dq-tybq.

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Tracing the movements of languages through space and time is a most difficult task. The current interpretation of archaeological data alone are insufficient to determine linguistic prehistory with reasonable confidence. Presented herein is a coordinated approach that incorporates information from a variety of subdisciplines in an attempt to trace the movement of cultures and languages through time. The development of concordant lines of evidence is, at this point in time, required to form a convincing argument.

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Bewley, Robert H., John M. Coles, and Andrew J. Lawson. "European Wetlands in Prehistory." American Journal of Archaeology 93, no. 3 (July 1989): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505600.

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Raftery, Barry, John M. Coles, Bandrew J. Lawson, Barbara A. Purdy, and Ian Morrison. "European Wetlands in Prehistory." Journal of Field Archaeology 17, no. 1 (1990): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530399.

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