Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Préjudice moral'
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Guennad, Smain. "Le préjudice moral des personnes morales." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020035.
Full textAs they face a growing number of commercial torts, and their inalility to manage them, companies are no longer able to obtain effective compensation for property and pecuniary losses. On the basis, some authors suggest the introduction of punitive damages, while others advocate restitutory damages.This study aims to desmonstrate that companies can suffer damage to their extra-patrimonial interests, and that in this case they should be compensated at least on the basis of moral damages. In this context, this thesis will focus on the concepts of brand, know-how, corporate culture, identity, and reputation. Furthermore, the distinction between the terms “damage” and“harm” is critical, as it clarifies the legal status of non-pecuniary damages suffered by acompany while the consequences of patrimonial and extra-patrimonial damages are considered separately. Hence, new rules regarding the moral damages should be considered. The role of judges and experts will be highlighted, as well as the criteria therefore used by the judge. An option isalso to consider some additional criteria. It is also worth mentionning the results of redress onthe various protagonists
Kazemi-Rached, Ali. "L'islam et la réparation du préjudice moral." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR30011.
Full textThe fundamental sources of muslim right, the Coran, the Sunnat (tradition), the "Idjma" (general consensus) and the Qiyas (analogical reasoning), as well as other sources of this right i. E. The AGL (human reason) acknowledge moral unjury and allow its reparation. However, most juriconsult theologians ignored this aspect of civil liability, to the point of considering it impossible. As the legal basis of this reparation does exist, the question for us was to find through which institution of muslim right compensation coul be effected for victims of extra-patrimonial injury. The diya (price of blood), equivalent of the composition of ancient roman law, is owed not only for manslaughter, but also for injuries, loss of limbs or their beauty. In spite of legislative effort, and despite the advisability of the decisions made in virtue of the hukoumat-al-adl, harmonizing the various solutions suited to islamic legislation remains desirable as also better reparation of injuries, in whatever shape or form, proves indispensable
Gali, Hakim. "Le préjudice moral en droit de la responsabilité civile." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D235%26selfsize%3D1.
Full textSince its recognition, moral damage has continued to occupy an increasing place in our compensation system. Despite initial reticence, the liberalism of jurisprudence, supported by contemporary sociological evolutions, has led since then to a real proliferation of figures of moral damage. We now find traces of them in very different domains, without any conceptual unity characterizing them. There is the nominalistic inflation experienced by the moral damages resulting from bodily injury, but the phenomenon goes far beyond the domain of these attacks to concern those brought to the rights and attributes of the personality, to the collective or categorical interests, or the field of unfair competition. Moral damage is further developed in an original framework, that of the risks of harm, and of which the most emblematic example is the “prejudice d’anxiété”. Heterogeneity is not only conceptual, it is also functional. Although compensation for non-material damage is sometimes imposed in order to repair the consequences of the infringement of a non-pecuniary interest, it is also often used to prevent harm or to punish antisocial behaviour. In this respect, moral damage ensures a normative function. In the face of the observation of a conceptual and functional break-up of the notion, the need for rationalization has imposed itself, and led to having to look behind this heterogeneity for a unit capable of founding the determination of a regime coherent. However, the study found that if such a unit could not be found in the very concept of non-material damage, except to considerably reduce its scope and utility, it could nevertheless result from the determination of subsets to it. This quest has led to the emergence of new categories: on the one hand, objective moral damage, characterized by the undermining of non-pecuniary interests with a universal dimension formally recognized by the legal order, and on the other hand, subjective moral damage, characterized by the violation of non-pecuniary interests to individual dimension which admission is contingent. This conceptual clarification allowed, a functional rationalization, since it led to assigning to the former a normative purpose, and to the latter a compensatory function, thus contributing to the coherence of civil liability
Ginisty-Andrieu, Audrey. "Les transformations du préjudice réparable." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10071.
Full textReparable tort has always been an essential condition of the tortious liability. The indemnity function development, in spite of accessories functions of civil liability, has accentuated this notion’s weight. Thanks to the objectification tendency, civil liability impacts without fail the tort notion, but also its characteristics that are entire parts of its definition. Thereby, the reparable tort notion becomes greater, as an answer to new requirements of the indemnity function. Because of this enlargement, disparities of victim treatments and priorization of protected interests appeared. Tort is instrumentalized to a point where it loses its traditional characteristics, essentially subjective. The distortion of the notion of tort leads to a reparation policy loosing cohesion and logic. The reparation of some “topmost” victim interests, such as bodily harm or environmental damage, cannot be questioned. However, it is time to stop changing the true nature of those founding notions, of a balanced civil liability. A return to a subjective conception of tort, in notional and characteristic terms, is advisable. But it has to go with the “abnormal damage” notion that will be the answer to this reparation need, while meeting notional requirements of tortious liability
Pinkaew, Angkanawadee. "La réparation du préjudice moral en droit thaï, à la lumière de l'expérience française." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT4012.
Full textThe moral damage suffered by the victim is the fundamental damage but rather difficult to be compensated in Thailand. Preoccupied by the fear of the excessive claims, the danger of opening the floodgates, and the difficulty of evaluation, the legislators of the Civil and Commercial Code strive to limit the scope of such compensation. Consequently, the concept of non-compensation of moral damages is accepted in the tort law. The law provides only two exceptions that the indemnities for the moral damages can be awarded. However, during these last years, this restrictive compensation of moral damages does not really comply with the social development and the evolution of public opinion. Therefore, extending the scope of such compensation seems necessary not only for the mental sufferings caused by the death (including the serious injured) of beloved person (bereavement), but also by the invasion of privacy. In this research, the French law serves as the demonstration of which the experiences guide us to propose a more suitable compensation for the Thai law. In France, the moral damages are generously awarded. Nevertheless, after taking into account the difference of the legal system and the social factors, it suggests that the extension of the compensation for moral damages should be strictly limited
Hoss, Cristina Maria. "Vers un contrôle de la légalité internationale : la réparation du préjudice immatériel dans la responsabilité des Etats." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020062.
Full textGodefroy, Arnaud. "Les préjudices psychologiques en droit de la responsabilité civile." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1006.
Full textRegularly hit by the violence of life in society, traumatized victims look through tlegal liability, support to provide them fair compensation for their injuries. If earlier, interest has focused on the physical appearance of infringements by human activity, now it seems necessary to deal with the psychological aspect of the victims. The apprehension of these losses is still in its infancy in terms of liability law requiring a structured approach to address the problems related their implementation. The proliferation of traumatic events - terrorist attacks, disasters, various physical assaults, etc. - Has contributed to the proliferation of psychological harm by case law. This phenomenon then invited to reflect on both a theoretical structure and a sustainable practical implementation of psychological harm. This study would offer the opportunity to respond to regular questions on this subject. What are the operative events may create a psychological trauma ? Could there be a unitary concept of psychological harm ? Does not exist any particular complexity related to the assessment of that damage ? Or is it monetary compensation the only answer that the law of civil liability can make to a victim who seeks compensation for psychological harm ? If the standards in force seem to respond in part to these questions, the absence of structuring pushes to think about a new and coherent approach in order to not to distort the right to repair
Dalmasso, Joseph. "La réparation du dommage moral dans l'arbitrage international." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA020063.
Full textCompensation for moral damage is a source of significant discrepancies. The high amounts of compensation granted in a few arbitral awards have generated many arguments on the subject of moral damage, which has long remained marginal in arbitration. In this context, some arbitral tribunals have chosen to apply special rules that depart from the solutions enshrined in international law. In view of these developments and the growing importance of fundamental rights in international business relationships, it has become necessary to carry out a comprehensive review of the issue. This study covers 368 arbitral awards related to non-pecuniary loss in investment arbitration, international commercial arbitration and sports arbitration. The subject is being put into perspective through comparative law and the history of compensation for this kind of damage. This study proceeds to an empirical analysis of the concept of non-pecuniary loss in arbitration. New questions relating to the jurisdiction and powers of arbitrators in relation to this kind of damage are considered. The relation in arbitration between the principle of full compensation and the right to compensation for moral damages, as well as the conditions required by case-law in arbitration, are assessed in order to identify the philosophy of reparation implemented by arbitrators. Finally, this study addresses the question of the remedies available (restitution, compensation, satisfaction) and, in particular, the quantum for non-pecuniary loss. It also establishes the importance of the right to compensation for non-pecuniary loss and calls for a more consistent approach in this subject-matter
Martins, Padilha Gauriau Rosane. "La contribution du juge du travail en matière de harcèlement moral en France et au Brésil." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D080/document.
Full textThe legal definition of moral harassment cannot be disassociated from an attack on the personal dignity of an employee in Brazil. In France, an attack on the personal dignity of an employee is only one of the possible outcomes resulting from moral harrassment. This is a fundamental difference between labor laws in Brazil and France and one therefore must measure the importance.The first part of the thesis focuses on the obligation to ensure the health and safety of a worker. Personal harassment is placed at the crossroads of three notions: health, safety, andpersonal dignity. Dignity is by far the most essential of these elements. The second part of the thesis focuses on moral harassment on its own, presented as a legalnotion. It highlights the lack of awareness by the employer of his obligation to ensure thesafety in France and the obligation to protect the health and safety of the employee in Brazil. In both countries, not taking the necessary precautions can be sanctioned either in the civil orpenal courts, and result in possible disciplinary actions.It is therefore necessary to study (by analysing the similarities and differences between theinterpretations by the judge of the Superior Labor Court of Brazil and a judge from the Chambre sociale de la Cour de cassation in France, the place of moral harassment, notably inview of the dignity of the worker, while taking into account the individual context of eachcountry. Finally, this comparison allows one to identify the place that Brazilian law and French law reserve for the protection of dignity and combat that they lead against moral harassment
Rochat, Charlotte. "L'amitié en droit privé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1080.
Full textFriendship is one of the most important social institutions : it binds society together. Yet, we could wonder what the law has to do with it. It seems impossible to define friendship, and the law needs a definition to identify a relationship. However, private law does not ignore friendship. The law copes with it about partiality, about conflicts of interests and about several misdeneanors. Law fears friendship as it may change the balance of interests protected by law. It also happens in Contract law, when friendship is the reason of binding. On the other side, law has to protect friendship, as it is important for the personal development. Friendship is included in protection of privacy by the European Court of Human Right. Friendship is also protected because it can be useful to take care for individual interests, especially when family collapses. Thus, a friend can give an organ to save his friend, he can relay his friend’s will when he is unabled. Friendship do matter in Private Law, even if it cannot be precisely defined. It could even have more legal attention in the future. The real point of the study is to show how the law can deal with this lack of legal definition, and manage to apprehend friendship
Thorng, Tedya Raksmey. "L'indemnisation des préjudices dans le droit de la responsabilité civile cambodgien." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3051.
Full textOur research seeks to address the compensatory damages, both economic loss and moral damages, in Cambodian Civil Liability Law. The compensatory damages that our research focuses on are, mainly but not limited to, the characteristics of the compensable damage, the identification of the type of compensable damages, the modes of compensation, and the evaluation of the damages. Our study is useful insofar as the current Cambodian society is facing the explosion of risks in all areas and the attitude of the people therein towards the damages suffered has significantly changed. These observations allow us to say that the need of compensation for damages becomes more and more necessary. There is no denying that the current Civil Liability Law has adopted some rules for compensation, the numbers thereof are insufficient, and they are sometime incoherent. In some cases, these rules are not equitable and lack consistency with the socio-economic contexts of current Cambodian society. Our goal is to propose, without pretending to be exhaustive, remedies to the current compensatory rules. Hence, the victims could get either full compensation or nearly-full compensation for the damages suffered. The proposed solutions would also prevent enriching the victims due to the third party’s wrongful act as well as discriminating among the victims
Quistrebert, Yohann. "Pour un statut fondateur de la victime psychologique en droit de la responsabilité civile." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1G001.
Full textThe psychological impact of the events, which are the source of responsibility, be they acts of terrorism, loss of a loved one, psychological harassment, is specific to characteristics both protean and invisible. The first among them is due to the fact that in psychological matter injuries and the resulting suffering are both varied. As such, from the injury point of view, certain events will prove to be more traumatizing than others. Principally those during which the subject has been faced with his own death. Concerning suffering, a subject can as well emotionally suffer a change in his own integrity – for example the physical one with a diagnosis of a serious illness – that of a sort damage which affects that of a loved one (e.g. death or handicap). Then, the impact is considered invisible. It appears much more simple indeed, to identify harm to physical integrity as a harm to psychic integrity. More so, certain psychological harms are totally imperceptible by reason of their eminently diffuse characteristic. The object of this demonstration is therefore to know how civil liability law will comprehend the victim of such a psychological impact. Its comprehension will be particular given the inevitable interaction between the judicial and psychological spheres.In order to better understand this, we will first propose a conceptualization of the psychological victim that blends into psychopathological reality. Two major distinctions feed this thought. One is legal nature, which relates to the distinction between prejudice and harm. The other is psychopathological in nature which opposes emotional shock and psychic trauma. Their intertwining allows us to elaborate different cases of manifestation of psychological suffering and define the contours of the qualities of the victim. Secondly, regarding compensation for a psychological victim, both the appreciation and the evaluation of these prejudices will be examined. The repercussions of psychic trauma, or even emotional shock can sometimes be so grave that compensation cannot restrict itself only to the experienced suffering. Consequences of different natures, for example patrimonial ones, must be taken into consideration. To this end, a division of the prejudices of the psychological victim should be put in place. Distinct rules of compensation will be established based on the prejudice endured. A prejudice presumed, originating notably from a harm, cannot logically be compensated in the same fashion as non-presumable prejudices that require a forensic assessment. In short, the system of compensation must be in phase with the system of disclosure of suffering that has been previously established. As a result, this study proposes to construct a true founding status of a psychological victim. Once this principal notion has been completely conceptualized, we can use it to create a rational compensation scheme
Graf, Olivier. "La personne morale : un non-professionnel ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1006/document.
Full textLegal persons are commonly regarded as incomplete "legal beings" in comparison with natural persons and as dedicated only to carry on their activity. Yet the French Court of Cassation said they could be protected by the non-professional qualification in French consumer law. However, the finalist understanding of the application criterion for this qualification makes it ineffective against these persons.The transition from a monolithic conception of legal persons to an exploded view, coupled with a new understanding of the application criterion allows the emergence of a non-professional legal person, clarifying consumer law and personality rights of artificial persons. Legal persons can thus be considered as legal entities different from individuals but complete however
Lagoutte, Julien. "Les conditions de la responsabilité en droit privé : éléments pour une théorie générale de la responsabilité juridique." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40032.
Full textWhile the radical distinction between criminal law and civil liability is classically taught, a thorough survey of positive law reveals a general and profound trend towards a confusion of these two disciplines. Faced with this paradox, the jurist wonders : how to articulate the civil and criminal laws of responsibility ? To answer this question, the thesis suggests abandoning the traditional approach of the subject, which consists in treating it as a mere category of classification of the different branches, civil and criminal, of responsibility/liability. Legal responsibility is presented as an autonomous and general institution organizing the response from the system to abnormal disturbance of social equilibrium. Civil liability law and criminal law are, as far as they are concerned, henceforth conceived as the mere technical applications of this institution in positive law.On the basis of this new approach and through the prism of the study of liability conditions in private law, the thesis proposes a technical and rational organization of criminal law and civil liability that may provide the guiding principles of a real general theory of legal responsibility. As a general institution, it gives not only a concept of responsibility, requiring degradation of a legally protected interest, abnormality and legal causation, and establishing the convergence of criminal law and civil law, but also a system of responsibility, determining the divergences of them and steering the first towards the protection of general interest and the second towards the protection of victims
Morin, Sophie. "Le dommage moral et le préjudice extrapatrimonial." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8844.
Full textOur research initially aimed at analysing the substance of dommage moral: discover feelings within the heads of dommage moral. At first, the reader, when looking at the published judgments made by the Quebec jurisdictions between January 1, 1950 and December 31, 2004 and which grant damages to compensate tortious préjudice extrapatrimonial, is under an impression of confusion and disorder, on a terminological as well as on a conceptual level. Dommage moral, préjudice extrapatrimonial, dommage non pécuniaire, préjudice moral: such terms make a synthesis of the heads of damage impossible. Finally, this thesis is dedicated to the analysis of the reasons for such confusion, to the forms it takes, to the means used by jurists in order to contain it, if not to surmount it. Despite such confusion and disorder, it may first be generally observed that the judicial and legal discourses on préjudice extrapatrimonial are homogeneous and stable. Dommage moral and préjudice extrapatrimonial (both being treated as similar) are said to be hard to compensate. In order to contain the arbitrary and subjectivity which characterise préjudice extrapatrimonial, a dominant rational and reasonable discourse has been built and a comprehensive estimate of the damage is carried out by judges. As a result, the amounts of the damages allotted as compensation are stable. But why are so many words used to describe the same reality? Dommage and préjudice are currently used in Quebec law as if they were indistinct on a terminological and conceptual point of view; the result is an over-simplification of civil liability. We propose that dommage (whether bodily, material or moral) and préjudice be distinct. Dommage qualifies at the siège de l'atteinte (bodies, goods, feelings and values) and préjudice qualifies with regards to the nature of the effects (whether patrimonial or extrapatrimonal) of the dommage. Being thus distinguished, dommage and préjudice gain sense while distinguishing the two steps composing civil liability: determination of liability based on fault, dommage and causal link between them (1st step), and compensation of the préjudice that accompanies the dommage (2nd step). By making such a distinction, the over-simplification of civil liability is passed and it must be noted that very few words are said in court judgements on the substance of dommage moral and even on dommage moral itself. The dominant discourse essentially bears on the difficult determination of the quota of damages to compensate préjudice extrapatrimonial. If dommage moral and préjudice extrapatrimonial were not confused and employed by jurists with apparent coherence, a synthesis of the heads of préjudice extrapatrimonial, as contemplated at the beginning, would perhaps be possible.
Guilbault, Marie-Élaine. "Les valeurs de la communauté et la justification des restrictions aux droits et libertés de la personne." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3229.
Full text150 years ago, John Stuart Mill denounced the tyrannical hold of public morality on the life of individuals and asserted that the principle of harm to others constituted the sole criterion under which the State may legitimately interfere with individual liberties. A century later, in response to the Wolfenden report, Lord Devlin developed a version of the legal moralism thesis which supported the criminal prohibition of homosexual practices made in private between consenting adults. This thesis of legal moralism has been widely criticized. According to two of the most influent legal philosophers and theorists of the twentieth century, Herbert L.A. Hart and Ronald Dworkin, the legitimate role of community values in the justification of coercive intervention of the State in the lives of individuals must be determined according to the principles of critical morality. These philosophical debates have profoundly influenced the judicial discourse in Canada. The Supreme Court of Canada decisions rendered since the entrenchment of the Charter show two trends in the interpretation and application of the harm principle in the examination of the legitimacy of the legislative objectives at the first stage of the Oakes test. According to the first trend, that often legitimizes judicial activism, the justification of an infringement must rely on the demonstration of a prejudice to values officially recognized. According to the second trend, which favours deference towards the legislator's moral choices, the harm principle is not a requisite: The existence of objective moral considerations suffices.