Relevant bibliographies by topics / Preliminary references

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Preliminary references'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Preliminary references"

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Anderson, D. "The Admissibility of Preliminary References." Yearbook of European Law 14, no. 1 (1994): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yel/14.1.179.

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Hoskins, Mark. "Preliminary References to the ECJ: Some Practical Pointers." Judicial Review 7, no. 3 (2002): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10854681.2002.11427220.

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Velarde, M. G. "A few preliminary remarks, quotations and some references." European Physical Journal Special Topics 197, no. 1 (2011): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2011-01430-3.

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Teleky, Bernadette Emöke, and Mugur Ciprian Balan. "Hydrogen Production by Anaerobic Digestion of Biomass with High Lignocellulose Content - References Selection Procedure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 659 (October 2014): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.659.475.

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The manuscript presents an objective and rigorous references selection procedure for a literature review concerning the state of the art in the field of bio-hydrogen production by anaerobic digestion of biomass with high lignocellulose content. The references selection procedure is presented in detail, with stages and different including and excluding criteria. The scientific databases and the key words used for their interrogation are also presented. The methodology of references selection consists of the following steps: automatic scientific databases interrogation, manual selection of references from the automatic interrogations results based on titles and abstracts, addition of new references based on study of references list from the previously selected papers, addition of references representing Romanian contributions and selection of papers based on preliminary study of their content. The main obtained results based on preliminary analysis of the selected references consist in presentation of the first published references, of the newest references and of the most cited references. It was highlighted that the trend of publication in anaerobic digestion of biomass with high lignocellulose content with the scope of hydrogen production, is in continuous increasing interest worldwide.
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Iglesias Sánchez, Sara. "Purely Internal Situations and the Limits of EU Law: A Consolidated Case Law or a Notion to be Abandoned?" European Constitutional Law Review 14, no. 1 (2018): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019618000111.

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Purely internal situations – Fundamental freedoms – Attribution of powers –Ullens de Schooten– Reverse discrimination – Non-discriminatory obstacles – EU citizenship – Preliminary rulings – Jurisdiction of the Court of Justice – Conditions of admissibility of preliminary references
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Cardini, F., V. Basevi, A. Valentini, and A. Martellato. "Moxibustion and Breech Presentation: Preliminary Results." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 19, no. 02 (1991): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x9100017x.

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Moxibustion at the Zhiyin acupuncture point (67 B) is an ancient method of obtaining the version of abnormal presentation of the fetus during the last three months of pregnancy. The authors reviewed the Chinese references on this subject and stressed the importance of parity and gestational age in testing the efficacy of this therapy. Preliminary results are described and compared with those reported in Chinese articles. Success rates in version by moxibustion versus spontaneous version are also compared.
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Kutorga, Ernestas, and Marija Kataržytė. "Hypogeous fungi of Lithuania: a preliminary checklist." Acta Mycologica 43, no. 2 (2013): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2008.016.

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The paper reports on hypogeous fungi known from Lithuania, and data on their habitats, phenology, and distribution. References on the collections kept in the herbaria are also pointed out. The information is based on literature data and re-examination of all available voucher specimens. 22 species (12 genera, 3 phyla) recorded from 124 localities are presented in a preliminary checklist.
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Gippini-Fournier, Eric. "Preliminary References and the Workload of the Court of Justice." Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 21, no. 4 (2014): 771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x1402100411.

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Fahey, Elaine. "Book Review: Preliminary References to the European Court of Justice." Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 18, no. 4 (2011): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x1101800410.

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Yan, Chun Hua, Xiang Ping Lai, Mi Fang Yan, and Mao Hua Shan. "Preliminary Design of Demand Response Management System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2769.

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This paper describes the concept and classification of demand response as well as the application status of demand response at home and abroad, designs the overall technical architecture of demand response system, and takes direct load control as an example, then design the entire business process, the internal and external information flow of direct load control based Demand Response system. The research results of this paper will provide China useful references for the future development of demand response management system with independent intellectual property rights.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Preliminary references"

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Sigafoos, Jennifer A. "The European Court of Justice and social policy : a mixed methods analysis of preliminary references from the EU-15, 1996-2009." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4d612059-2269-4e16-94bd-1e9180c2f3e2.

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Although social policy was once perceived to be solely within the purview of the nation state, there has been a move toward a more European social policy. The European Court of Justice for the European Communities (‘Court of Justice’ or ‘Court’) determines the scope of European law and how it affects national welfare states. The court’s decisions will affect not only the national law of the member states with regard to social policy but also the direction of European social policy as it expands. However, the ECJ does not choose the policy areas in which it makes its decisions, but instead reacts to the preliminary references that are sent by the national courts of the Member States. These preliminary references from the Member States will set the Court’s agenda. Preliminary references are unevenly distributed across the Member States of the EU, and some Member States’ preliminary references are concentrated in particular policy areas. The jurisprudence of the Court, and consequently the social policy of the EU, could be steered by this uneven distribution. This thesis will answer the threshold question of why scholars of social policy should care about the Court of Justice, with a legal analysis of some key themes in the Court’s decisions in the area of social policy. It will then employ a mixed methods research design to explain the variation in rates of social policy preliminary references from the EU-15. First, a Time Series Cross-Section (TSCS) model will be used to test a series of hypotheses generated from the literature, and three novel hypotheses, in a dataset of social policy preliminary references from the EU-15 from 1996 to 2009. Next, a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) (Ragin 2000) will group the variables that were found to be significant into sets of conditions, or ‘causal pathways,’ that lead to higher and lower rates of social policy preliminary references. Finally, two qualitative case studies will be conducted, in the UK and France. Analysis of documentary evidence and 25 expert interviews in the two member states and at the Court of Justice will further explain and illuminate the differing usage of preliminary reference process. The analysis of the mixed methods is integrated in the final stage. Implications for the direction of EU law related to social policy and the future development of European social policy will be considered in the concluding chapter.
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JÃnior, Josà Olavo da Silva Garantizado. "Preliminares para a definiÃÃo da coerÃncia/coesÃo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6958.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior<br>A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo propor uma noÃÃo preliminar de coerÃncia/coesÃo, considerando-a como um fenÃmeno que se constitui de uma conjunÃÃo de fatores abstraÃdos nÃo apenas da superfÃcie textual, e que, portanto, nÃo deve ser tomada como uma caracterÃstica inerente ao conteÃdo semÃntico do texto, e, sim, como o resultado de uma construÃÃo feita pelos interlocutores, numa situaÃÃo interativa dada pela atuaÃÃo de uma sÃrie de fatores de ordem cognitiva, situacional e interacional. Neste trabalho, os conceitos de coerÃncia e de coesÃo textual sÃo tidos como sendo um sà fenÃmeno, as duas faces de uma mesma moeda, coerÃncia/coesÃo, capaz de propiciar o sentido de um texto para quem o reconstrÃi. Para a reconsideraÃÃo teÃrica, (re)analisamos como podem contribuir para a constituiÃÃo da coerÃncia/coesÃo os fatores de textualidade propostos por Beaugrande e Dressler (1981) e os fatores de coerÃncia propostos por Koch e Travaglia (2008); os processos referenciais a partir da classificaÃÃo de CustÃdio Filho (2006) e de Cavalcante (2011); os estudos acerca da sequÃncia argumentativa composicional, descrita por Adam (1992); as âmeta-regrasâ de continuidade, progressÃo, nÃo contradiÃÃo e relaÃÃo, propostas por Charolles (1978); assim como as discussÃes acerca da aplicaÃÃo da noÃÃo de tÃpico discursivo em redaÃÃes escolares, desenvolvida por Alencar (2009). Os resultados apontam que todos esses fatores, em conjunto, devem ser considerados na avaliaÃÃo da coerÃncia/coesÃo de um texto. Isso fez com que analisÃssemos 20 redaÃÃes de natureza dissertativo-argumentativa dos alunos prÃ-universitÃrios. Dentre outros resultados, observamos como as expressÃes referenciais poderiam proporcionar alguns fatores geradores da coerÃncia/coesÃo propostos, tais como a continuidade textual, a progressÃo textual, a nÃo contradiÃÃo, entre os elementos internos e externos ao texto, alÃm da continuidade ou descontinuidade do tÃpico discursivo a ser seguido ao longo da estrutura textual.<br>The present research aims to propose a preliminary notion of on the concept of cohesion/coherence, considering it a phenomenon constituted of a conjunction of different facts abstracted not only from the textual surface, and therefore cannot be taken as an inherent characteristic of the text semantic content, but as the result of a construction made by the interlocutors, in a situation of interaction created for the actuation of vary factors of cognitive, situational and interactional types. In this research, the concepts of cohesion and coherence are taken as a singular phenomenon, both faces of a coin, coherence/cohesion, capable of propitiate the meaning of a text to the one who rebuilds it. To the theoretical reconsideration of our work, we (re)analyzed how several issues can contribute to the conceptualization of coherence/cohesion, they are: the factors of textuality proposed by Beaugrande and Dressler (1981); the factors of coherence by Koch and Travaglia (2008); the referential processes in the classification of CustÃdio Filho (2006) and Cavalcante (2011); the studies about compositional argumentative sequence described by Adam (1992); the âmeta-rulesâ of continuity, progression, non-contradiction and relation proposed by Charolles (1978); besides the discussions on the application of the notion of discursive topic in written productions by Alencar (2009). The results from these studies suggest that all these factors, together, must be taken into consideration at the moment that the coherence/cohesion of a written text is being evaluated. This made that we analyzed 20 (twenty) written productions of a dissertative-argumentative type, from students in the third year of high-school, university applicants. Among other results, we have observed how the referential expressions could provide some generative factors of coherence/cohesion proposed, such as the textual continuity, the textual progression, the non-contradiction, between the internal and external elements of the text, besides the continuity or discontinuity of the discursive topic to be followed along the textual structure.
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Frahm, Ashley Elizabeth. "Norming a Dynamic Assessment of Narrative Language for Diverse School-Age Children With and Without Language Disorder: A Preliminary Psychometric Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8935.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate preliminary psychometric normative data of an English dynamic assessment of narrative language for a group of diverse school-age students with and without language disorder. This study included 364 diverse students with and without language disorder ranging from kindergarten through 6th grade. Students were confirmed as having a language disorder if they had an existing active IEP for language, and scores below a certain cutoff point on a nonword repetition (NWR) task and the narrative language measure (NLM). English language proficiency was investigated, and students were classified as being a dual language learner (DLL) based on student, teacher, or parent report of diverse home language, and poor performance on an English narrative language assessment. Participants were administered a nonword repetition task (NWR), the Narrative Language Measure (NLM), and the Dynamic Assessment of Oral Narrative Discourse (the DYMOND). Data were analyzed within groups of typically developing students and students with a language disorder to identify statistically different mean modifiability and posttest scores given various demographic factors. Results of this study indicate that modifiability and posttest scores for typically developing students were not found to be statistically different given gender or school location, however, significant differences were noted given grade and level of English proficiency or DLL status. The group of students with a disorder demonstrated no statistically different mean modifiability scores given any demographic factor. Students with a language disorder demonstrated significantly different mean posttest scores given school location and English proficiency and DLL status. Results from this study are consistent with previous dynamic assessment research in demonstrating excellent classification accuracy in culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) populations. Students may benefit from a norm-referenced dynamic assessment of narrative language in order to provide less-biased standardized forms of assessment for CLD populations.
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Sole, Christopher J., Timothy J. Suchomel, and Michael H. Stone. "Preliminary Scale of Reference Values for Evaluating Reactive Strength Index-Modified in Male and Female NCAA Division I Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6285.

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The purpose of this analysis was to construct a preliminary scale of reference values for reactive strength index-modified (RSImod). Countermovement jump data from 151 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I collegiate athletes (male n = 76; female n = 75) were analyzed. Using percentiles, scales for both male and female samples were constructed. For further analysis, athletes were separated into four performance groups based on RSImod and comparisons of jump height (JH), and time to takeoff (TTT) were performed. RSImod values ranged from 0.208 to 0.704 and 0.135 to 0.553 in males and females, respectively. Males had greater RSImod (p < 0.001, d = 1.15) and JH (p < 0.001, d = 1.41) as compared to females. No statistically significant difference was observed for TTT between males and females (p = 0.909, d = 0.02). Only JH was found to be statistically different between all performance groups. For TTT no statistical differences were observed when comparing the top two and middle two groups for males and top two, bottom two, and middle two groups for females. Similarities in TTT between sexes and across performance groups suggests JH is a primary factor contributing to differences in RSImod. The results of this analysis provide practitioners with additional insight as well as a scale of reference values for evaluating RSImod scores in collegiate athletes.
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Zvárová, Daniela. "Řízení o předběžné otázce v rámci evropského soudnictví." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10381.

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The thesis deals with the preliminary reference procedure. There is outlined not only the characteristic of this procedure or its evolution, but also the interpretation of the term "court or tribunal of a Member State" or the Exceptions to the Duty to Refer. The following chapters are concerned with the statistical curiosities of the preliminary reference procedure or the ways of how to make this procedure more efficient. The last chapter is analysing the preliminary reference procedure from the Czech law's point of view. It deals with some Czech institutions as courts of the Member State, procedural aspects of this procedure or study of the Czech preliminary references. It also contains some cases of The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic regarding with this procedure.
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Tojeira, Mariana Filipa Alexandre. "Estudo preliminar dos valores radiográficos de referência da silhueta cardíaca em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) : influência do posicionamento." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18579.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>Dada a crescente procura do coelho como animal de companhia e maior cuidado por parte dos tutores – que reflete uma contínua evolução na quantidade e qualidade da informação disponível –, a longevidade destes animais aumentou. Apesar de este aspeto ser positivo, acarreta um aumento no número de casos de doenças tipicamente geriátricas, entre elas a cardíaca. Visto que a radiografia é um exame prático e pouco dispendioso, e a alteração das dimensões cardíacas é um dos sinais de doença cardiovascular, a análise radiográfica da silhueta cardíaca representa uma ferramenta complementar de diagnóstico valiosa para o clínico, tornando-se premente aprofundar o conhecimento nesta área. Esta dissertação pretende contribuir para o estudo radiográfico da silhueta cardíaca do coelho, ao explorar métodos de aferir a normalidade do seu tamanho – o índice cardiovertebral (VHS), o rácio cardioesternal (RCE), o rácio entre o tamanho do coração e a altura da entrada da cavidade torácica (RAT) e o rácio cardiotorácico (RCT) –, estabelecendo intervalos de referência para os mesmos, bem como investigar a importância de um bom posicionamento neste tipo de análise. Para tal, foram realizadas radiografias torácicas a vinte e quatro coelhos, sob anestesia geral, nas projeções ventrodorsal e lateral direita. Os intervalos de referência obtidos resultaram de imagens radiográficas nas quais o animal foi meticulosamente posicionado, ao passo que o estudo de posicionamento efetuado consistiu na comparação destas imagens com outras, dos mesmos animais, onde não foi utilizado qualquer tipo de contenção física. Determinou-se um VHS de referência entre 6.5 a 8.2 vértebras; para o RCE um intervalo de 1.26 a 1.76; para o RAT de 2.80 a 3.56; e para o RCT de 0.42 a 0.76. A altura da entrada da cavidade torácica foi a estrutura anatómica que apresentou correlação mais forte com o tamanho da silhueta cardíaca, tornando o RAT o método preferencial entre os considerados. O RCT não demonstrou ser uma boa ferramenta para uso nesta espécie, visto que a largura do tórax não revelou associação significativa com a da silhueta cardíaca. Constatou-se que um posicionamento pouco cuidadoso pode influenciar a medição do eixo longo da silhueta cardíaca, na projeção lateral direita, bem como o resultado do VHS, reforçando a importância de um bom posicionamento na realização de exames radiográficos desta índole.<br>ABSTRACT - Preliminary study of the radiographic reference values for the cardiac silhouette in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) – The influence of positioning - Given the growing search for rabbits as pets and greater care on behalf of owners – which reflects the continuous evolution in the amount and quality of available information –, the lifespan of these animals is now longer. Even though this is a positive aspect, it carries a rise in the number of cases of typically geriatric diseases, being cardiac disease amongst them. Since radiography is a practical and inexpensive exam and the change in cardiac size is one of the signs of cardiovascular disease, the radiographic analysis of the cardiac silhouette represents a valuable complementary diagnostic tool for the clinician, making the improvement of knowledge about this subject an urgent matter. This thesis aims to contribute to the radiographic study of the rabbit’s cardiac silhouette, by exploring methods to evaluate its size – the vertebral heart score (VHS), the cardiosternal ratio (RCE), the ratio between heart size and the height of the thoracic inlet (RAT) and the cardiothoracic ratio (RCT) –, establishing reference intervals for them, as well as investigating the importance of a good positioning in this kind of analysis. To achieve this, chest radiographs from twenty-four rabbits were taken, under general anaesthesia, in the ventrodorsal and right lateral projections. The reference intervals were calculated using radiographic images in which the animal was meticulously positioned, while the positioning study consisted in comparing these images with others, from the same animals, where no physical restraint was used. The determined reference values were a VHS between 6.5 and 8.2 vertebrae; an RCE from 1.26 to 1.76; RAT from 2.80 to 3.56; and RCT between 0.42 and 0.76. The height of the thoracic inlet was the strongest correlated anatomical structure with the cardiac silhouette’s size, making RAT the preferred method amongst the ones considered. The RCT didn’t prove to be a useful tool for this species, since the thoracic width didn’t show a significant association with the cardiac silhouette’s width. It was found that a careless positioning can influence the cardiac silhouette’s long axis measurement in the right lateral projection, as well as the VHS result, emphasizing the importance of good positioning while performing this kind of radiographic exam.<br>N/A
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Pamart, Joëlle. "Le temps dans la procédure préjudicielle devant la Cour de justice de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020015.

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Procédure de juge à juge non contentieuse, le renvoi préjudiciel consiste en une voie de droit qui permet à toute juridiction nationale d’interroger la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne sur l’interprétation du droit de l’Union et sur la validité des actes des institutions européennes. Laissée à la discrétion des juridictions nationales, ou parfois imposée, cette procédure n’est enfermée dans aucun délai particulier. Se pose alors la question du temps, envisageable de différents points de vue, qu’il s’agisse des parties, de la juridiction nationale à l’origine du renvoi et de la Cour de justice en charge du traitement.Il s’agit d’un sujet tout à la fois récurrent et d’actualité, dans la mesure où, notamment, la procédure préjudicielle d’urgence a vu le jour récemment et où les statistiques de la Cour de justice ne cessent de rendre compte des efforts déployés sans relâche pour diminuer les délais de procédure. De même, le nouveau règlement de procédure de la Cour de justice s’efforce de rendre cette procédure aussi célère que possible. La procédure préjudicielle se prête particulièrement à une étude introduisant la dimension temporelle pour de nombreuses raisons. Pour n’en citer qu’une : le délai de la réponse préjudicielle s’ajoute aux délais nationaux, ce qui, selon la position de la juridiction de renvoi, au sein de son ordre, et selon le type de procédure pendant, ouvre de vastes pistes de réflexion. Il ne s’agit pas d’expliquer la procédure préjudicielle uniquement par des considérations d'ordre temporel, mais d’observer cette procédure en prenant en compte les différentes manières dont le temps, au sens juridique du terme, joue un rôle dans cette procédure.Cette thèse développe ainsi deux idées principales : la prise en compte du temps préjudiciel par les juridictions nationales (partie I) et la prise en compte du temps préjudiciel par la Cour de justice (partie II)<br>As a non-litigious court procedure, the reference for a preliminary ruling is a legal remedy that enables any national court or tribunal to refer questions to the Court of Justice of the European Union on the interpretation of Union law and on the validity of acts of the European institutions. Upon discretion of national courts, or sometimes imposed to them, this procedure is not locked up within any particular time frame. This raises the question of time, which may be regarded from different points of view, whether it is one of the parties, of the national court at the origin of the referral, or of the Court of Justice in charge of the processing. The subject is both recurrent and topical, since, in particular, the urgent preliminary ruling procedure has recently emerged and because the statistics of the Court of Justice show constant and countless efforts to reduce the length of the proceedings. Similarly, the new Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice endeavour to make this procedure as fast as possible.The preliminary ruling procedure is particularly suitable for a study introducing the temporal dimension for many reasons. To mention only one: the time for the preliminary ruling procedure comes in addition to the national duration of the trial. This suggests many lines of thought, considering the position of the referring court, within its order, and depending on the different types of courts in general. The goal of the reflexion is not of explaining the preliminary ruling procedure solely by temporal considerations, but of observing this procedure taking into account the different ways in which time, in the legal sense of the term, plays a role in this procedure.This thesis thus develops two main ideas: the taking into account of the prejudicial time by the national courts (or judges) (part I) and the taking into account of the prejudicial time by the Court of justice (part II)
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Holubová, Tereza. "Obhajoba "národních zájmů" před Soudním dvorem EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150076.

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The aim of this thesis is catch a comprehensive procedure of the Czech republic during the defense of national interests in proceedings before the Court of Justice of the EU. First the thesis characterizes methods of the Agent during his representation of the Czech republic before institutions of the EU. After that the thesis characterizes the most important institution for the thesis, the Court of Justice of the EU. In thesis reader can read about the most important references for a preliminary ruling, that the Czech republic took part in. The second largest chapter deals with Infrigement proceedings. The thesis ends with summary of others proceedings.
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Da, Fonseca Amélie. "La subsidiarité juridictionnelle. Contribution à l’étude de l’intégration européenne." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2082.

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Paradoxalement peu étudiée, la subsidiarité juridictionnelle constitue une dimension essentielle de l’intégration européenne, tant il est acquis que les ordres juridiques de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme et de l’Union européenne sont fondés sur la compétence de principe du juge national et la compétence subsidiaire du juge européen dans l’application et le respect de leurs droits respectifs. La subsidiarité juridictionnelle y joue en effet un rôle essentiel du fait des fonctions de répartition et de régulation des compétences juridictionnelles qu’elle occupe. Cette recherche se propose donc, dans un premier temps, d’identifier la subsidiarité juridictionnelle afin de prendre la mesure de son rôle dans l’intégration européenne. La crise juridictionnelle qui bouleverse la construction européenne conduit ensuite à réinterroger les relations entretenues entre la subsidiarité juridictionnelle et l’intégration européenne. Si la première était jusqu’alors une condition de l’existence et du fonctionnement de la seconde, l’exercice de la subsidiarité juridictionnelle est au cœur des revendications nationales, qui en exigent le rééquilibrage à leur profit. Face à l’engorgement des prétoires des Cours européennes et à la contestation nationale à leur encontre, les solutions opérationnelles sont donc recherchées dans la subsidiarité juridictionnelle. La régulation du contentieux qu’elle permet doit ainsi s’effectuer au bénéfice des deux niveaux de juridiction. Cette recherche propose donc, dans un second temps, d’observer l’exercice ambivalent dont la subsidiarité juridictionnelle fait l’objet dans ce contexte de crise, et qui confirme, sur des fondements nouveaux, son caractère indispensable à la poursuite de l’intégration européenne<br>Paradoxically little studied, judicial subsidiarity constitutes an essential dimension of European integration, as the legal orders of the European Convention of Human rights and of the European Union are based on the jurisdiction of principle of the national judge and the subsidiary jurisdiction of the European judge in the application and respect of the law issued from them. Indeed, judicial subsidiarity plays an essential role due to its functions of distribution and regulation of jurisdiction. This research therefore proposes, first of all, to identify judicial subsidiarity to assess its role in European integration. The judicial crisis disrupting the European construction then leads to re-examine the relationship between judicial subsidiarity and European integration. While the former was until then a condition of the existence and functioning of the latter, the exercise of judicial subsidiarity is now at the core of national demands, who require a rebalancing to their advantage. In the face of bottlenecks observed in European courtrooms and the national contestation against them, operational solutions are sought in judicial subsidiarity. The regulation of litigation that it enables thus must be carried out for the benefit of both levels of jurisdiction. This research therefore proposes, as a second step, to examine the ambivalent exercise of judicial subsidiarity in this context of crisis, which confirms, on new grounds, its indispensable character for the pursuit of European integration
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Ya-hui, Cheng, and 鄭雅慧. "Music as Symbolic Sign of Feeling and its Semantic References ： a Preliminary Interpretation of Tsung-hsien Yang's【Concertino Pianissimo】--Graduation Recital of Orchestral Conducting." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11548416264709604788.

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碩士<br>東吳大學<br>音樂學系<br>91<br>【Concertino Pianissimo】 concluded the three preceding periods of Dr. Yang’s career in music composition, that demonstrates his introspection and maturation of his music and life. We can now distinguish accordingly how the transformation of Yang’s ideological trend goes from composition of musical autonomy to the practice of symbolic sign in heteronomy. Based on 【Concertino Pianissimo】 as musical text, and its music as symbol of the musician’s expression to his contemplation of life, in this dissertation, the author was trying to explore even the most insignificant sentiment and reminiscence carried out in the music, and how the musician employed sign and form to create a masterpiece so self-conscious and yet so moving. To excavate into the root of the music, this dissertation took Ernst Cassirer’s symbolisms as theoretical foundation, to exploit the hidden meaning within the signs. In the mean while, the author also involved rational explanation of form and straightforward conception, in order tot perceive the spiritual content of the signs. Human are animals of signs. The realization and creation of signs depend on the process of recollection. In other words, we need the recollection of signs in order to look into ourselves, and to search for our true selves. Art is certainly not the only prospect of the signal recollection. But through the works of artists, the inspiration stimulated by our daily lives are able to present themselves as poetic form of signs, this creation of art leads us to more in depth insight and awareness. We are thus able to perceive the most significant and most complicated commotion of our minds through the symbolic meanings behind the signs. 1.Johannes Brahms: Academic Festival Overture, Op. 80 2.Felix Mendelssohn: Violin Concerto, e minor, Op.64 3.楊聰賢: 西北有高樓 (世界首演) 4.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony No. 39, E-flat Major, K. 543
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Books on the topic "Preliminary references"

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1968-, Fenger Niels, ed. Preliminary references to the European Court of Justice. Oxford University Press, 2010.

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Golub, Jonathan. Modelling judicial dialogue in the European Community: The quantitative basis of preliminary references to the ECJ. European University Institute, 1996.

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Murillo, María Luisa. Forma y nulidad del precontrato: Con especial referencia a la legislación iberoamericana. Ediciones Universidad de Navarra, 1993.

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Lux, Guillermo. New Mexico bibliography: A preliminary annotated reference guide for librarians. New Mexico State Library, 1992.

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Fisher, Dorothy. SATs at KS1: A preliminary investigation with reference to equal opportunities. University of Central England in Birmingham, 1992.

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Grimsted, Patricia Kennedy. Recent Soviet archival literature: A review and preliminary bibliography of selected reference aids. Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies, 1986.

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Grimsted, Patricia Kennedy. Recent Soviet archival literature: A review and preliminary bibliography of selected reference aids. Wilson Center, Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies, 1986.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Joint Committee on Human Rights. Prevention of Terrorism Bill: Preliminary report : ninth report of session 2004-05. Stationery Office, 2005.

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Lauria, Massimo, ed. Produzione dell'Architettura tra tecniche e progetto / Architectural Planning between build and design techniques. Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-988-5.

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The V Seminar OsDotta, that took place in Reggio Calabria, at the Department DASTEC, in September 2009, focused the debate on what type of contribution the Technology of the Architecture can offer, today, to the education of an architect, designer and researcher. The themes proposed for the three working tables – Techniques Materials Design - Techniques Processes Design - Techniques Morphologies Design – have been set out through reference frameworks, syntheses of the preliminary activities, results and products elaborated during the workshop. From these works some disciplinary criticalities and potentiality come out, interfacing themselves with checks on outside spendable aspects of the acquired competences and with the analysis introduced by the international referees.
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Canada, Atomic Energy of. Seabed Disposal of Fuel Recycle Waste: Preliminary Assessments of A Reference Case and Four Accident Scenarios. s.n, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Preliminary references"

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Baudenbacher, Carl. "Preliminary References: All Options Open?" In Judicial Independence. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02308-9_8.

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Stuyck, Jules. "The Role of Preliminary References in the Uniform Application of EU Competition Law." In Studies in European Economic Law and Regulation. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47382-6_10.

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Zancul, Eduardo. "PLM Reference Model: A Preliminary Proposal for Reference Model Evolution." In Product Lifecycle Management. Towards Knowledge-Rich Enterprises. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35758-9_47.

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Storey, Tony, and Alexandra Pimor. "Article 267 TFEU and the preliminary reference procedure." In Unlocking EU Law. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203702185-6.

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Bouchard, Martin, Kila Joffres, and Richard Frank. "Preliminary Analytical Considerations in Designing a Terrorism and Extremism Online Network Extractor." In Intelligent Systems Reference Library. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01285-8_11.

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Chang, C. C., and R. G. Chang. "Preliminary Stability Test for the Regional GPS Tracking Stations in Taiwan." In Advances in Positioning and Reference Frames. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03714-0_17.

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Canor, Iris. "Suspending Horizontal Solange: A Decentralized Instrument for Protecting Mutual Trust and the European Rule of Law." In Defending Checks and Balances in EU Member States. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62317-6_8.

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AbstractMutual trust is the basis on which the Member States’ judiciaries are expected to deal with each other in the European Union. By constitutionalizing the principle of mutual trust, the CJEU has introduced an axiological addition to the basic structure of the European Union. From a Union which concentrated on the vertical relationships between each Member State and the central Union’s institutions, the Union has turned out to be additionally preoccupied with the horizontal relationships among the Member States, which are based on what might be called a doctrine of Horizontal Solange.According to the principle of mutual trust, each Member State must presume that all other Member States are in compliance with EU law, in particular promote its values and respect European fundamental rights. This presumption, however, can be rebutted in exceptional circumstances. These exceptional circumstances are based on a two-prong test: first, the violation of the values or the fundamental rights must amount to a systemic deficiency; second, there is a need for an assessment whether the individual concerned will be the victim of this systemic deficiency.This contribution critically analyses these exceptional circumstances. Regarding the first prong, it is argued that the existence of systemic deficiencies should ideally be established by the CJEU via preliminary ruling references or via direct infringement proceedings. Alternatively, such systemic deficiencies may also be established by domestic courts in a host Member State. Regarding the second prong, it is argued that the individual test is redundant in cases where the systemic deficiency imposes challenges to the existing legal order of the Member State in question. Finally, it is argued that the suspension of mutual trust can serve as a decentralized instrument for protecting the European rule of law by pressuring the violating state to restore the rule of law.
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Ruan, Keyun, and Joe Carthy. "Cloud Computing Reference Architecture and Its Forensic Implications: A Preliminary Analysis." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39891-9_1.

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Yu, Dongfeng, Pengbo Li, Guangxing Wang, Mingzhi Zhou, and Zhigang Hu. "Preliminary Analysis of Positioning Performance with BDS Virtual Reference Station Technology." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46632-2_28.

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Pyeon, Cheol Ho. "Neutronics of Lead and Bismuth." In Accelerator-Driven System at Kyoto University Critical Assembly. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0344-0_7.

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AbstractCross-section uncertainties of Pb and Bi isotopes could consequently affect the precision of nuclear design calculations of preliminary analyses, before the actual operation of upcoming ADS, since Pb and Bi are composed partly of coolant material (lead-bismuth eutectic: LBE) in ADS facilities. The main characteristics of LBE in ADS are recognized as follows: chemically inactive; high boiling point mechanically; excellent neutron economy caused by large scattering cross sections. From the viewpoint of neutronics, LBE exerts considerable impact on nuclear design parameters for numerical simulations of neutron interactions of Pb and Bi isotopes. As a suitable way of investigating cross-section uncertainties, sample reactivity worth measurements in critical states are considered effective with the use of reference and test materials in a zero-power state, such as a critical assembly, because integral parameter information on cross sections of test materials can be acquired experimentally. For the required experimental study on Pb and Bi nuclear data uncertainties, the sample reactivity worth experiments are carried out at the KUCA core by the substitution of reference (aluminum) for test (Pb or Bi) materials, and numerical simulations are performed with stochastic and deterministic calculation codes together with major nuclear data libraries.
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Conference papers on the topic "Preliminary references"

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Mesquita, Claudia R., Rosilene N. Dias, Andre M. N. Teixeira, and Silverio Visacro. "Preliminary evaluation of lightning-location-system peak current estimates based on truth ground references." In 2010 30th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iclp.2010.7845937.

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Baye-Wallace, Lily, and Grant O. Musgrove. "Preliminary Design Tool for Centrifugal Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-58962.

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Abstract Commonly, compressor designs rely on previous machines that can be slightly modified to achieve new operating requirements. In some cases, however, a completely new design is needed because no previous designs are available for the specific operating range of interest. Without a previous design, it is difficult to make initial trade studies of an appropriate impeller diameter, speed, and number of compression stages. While new compressor designs are a common occurrence in applied research applications, conceptual design typically require a point-by-point process to balance the requirements with acceptable design parameters. This can be done manually or through automation to optimize for a specific operating parameter, such as efficiency. The authors are unaware of any tool available that bounds the range of design parameters for a centrifugal compressor stage without applying a point-by-point method. In this work, two common references for conceptual compressor design were cross-checked to develop an Excel-based tool to quickly determine the design space for a given set of compressor requirements. The tool relies on design experience presented by Aungier and Baljé as well as other experience drawn from available literature [1],[2]. The sheet functions from a series of assumptions based within the design experience and requires inputs regarding the desired power, fluid flow rate, and total-to-total pressure ratio, as well as inlet conditions. While the tool currently assumes an ideal gas, future revisions can include calls to REFPROP for a real gas.
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Yang, Wankui, Baoxin Yuan, Songbao Zhang, Haibing Guo, Yaoguang Liu, and Li Deng. "A Neutron Transport Calculation Method for Deep Penetration and its Preliminary Verification." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81709.

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Deep penetration problems exist widely in reactor applications, such as SPRR300 (Swimming Pool Research Reactor 300), a light water moderated, enriched uranium fueled research reactor in China. Deterministic transport theory is intrinsically suitable for deep penetration. But there exist some problems when it’s applied in SPRR-300research reactors. First, the reactor core is complicated for geometry description in deterministic theory codes. Monte Carlo method has advantages in complex geometry modeling. And it uses continuous energy cross sections which are independent with specific reactor types and research objections. But usually it’s difficult to converge well enough to deal with deep penetration problems, even though there are a number of variance reduction techniques. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of Monte Carlo and Deterministic method, we proposed a coupled neutron transport calculation method for deep penetration. It combines advantages of these two methods. Firstly, we use Monte Carlo code to finish fine modeling and do the whole reactor core calculation. Domestically developed Monte Carlo code JMCT is used to do the neutron transport calculation. Then homogenized group constants in each mesh are calculated from JMCT output by a self-developed script. Afterwards, we do the whole reactor calculation with deterministic theory code TORT. It directly uses group constants generated by Monte Carlo code. Finally, we can get the deep penetration calculation results from TORT output. Verification is carried out by comparing the group constants of benchmark problem, and by comparing keff calculated by this method with continuous energy Monte Carlo method. Benchmark calculation is conducted with OECD/NEA slab benchmark problem. The comparison shows that group constants generated by this study are in good agreement with results from published references. Then above group constants are applied to 3-dimensional discrete ordinates deterministic theory transport code TORT. But keff calculated by TORT is a little lower than that calculated by Monte Carlo code JMCT. To minimize other influence factors, different Sn/Pn order, and different mesh size in TORT has been tried. Unfortunately the keff difference between these two methods remains. Even though the keff results in this benchmark are less than keff calculated by continuous energy MC method, Benchmark results show that all the group constants generated by this method are in good agreement with existing references. So it can be expected that after further verification and validation, this coupled method can be effectively applied to the deep penetration problem in such kind of research reactors.
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Muralidharan, K. V. "Design of a Centrifugal Compressor Using CFD Analysis: Part I — Preliminary Design and Geometry Modification." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36051.

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The centrifugal compressors are used in a wide variety of turbo machines ranging from low-pressure fans for cooling of electric motors to high-pressure ratio gas turbine compressors, from tiny cryogenic coolers to large industrial petrochemical compressor stations. An automated design scheme making use of Navier Stokes equation and Artificial Neural Network is envisaged as in figure 1. The present work describes a user friendly scheme to carry out blade geometry generation and to carry out preliminary designs that are two of the most important steps of the automated design scheme. Present paper describes a robust method to carry out these two steps. This paper also describes a method adopted to decide on viable design space. In the blade generation steps, present method was applied to that obtained by other methods reported in literature. It was found that the present scheme could replicate the centrifugal compressor geometry with just six parameters as compared to many more by others. In Mihai[1], use of adjoint method is used for optimization of NASA rotor. The design had 28 parameters. In Trigg[2], a systematic approach for optimization of a two dimensional blade design is reported. Two dimensional profile is defined by seventeen parameters. In Wang Hong liang[3] an optimization based on particle swarm principle is made use of to optimize the blade angle distribution at hub and shroud and had seven control points to do this. In order to minimize the number of control points, Asimara and Goto[4], used inverse method. Here blade loading at hub and shroud is the input to a inverse method to generate the blade geometry. Optimizer works on the blade loading. The generated geometry is analyzed by CFD calculations. From the above references, it is clear that the present scheme is a user friendly general method.
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Ma, Xue Xiao, Alejandro A. Espinoza Orías, Howard S. An, Gunnar B. J. Andersson, and Nozomu Inoue. "Instantaneous Axis of Rotation for Lumbar Spine Torsion Measured In Vivo." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14277.

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Segmental spine instability — especially that of torsional nature — is difficult to diagnose in a degenerative lumbar spine in vivo. The motion of the lumbar segment is of a coupled nature and is described by a total of six degrees of freedom. Relative motion between two bodies in space is described by translations and rotations, and this includes the concept of the instantaneous axis of rotation (IAR). References 1–3 are representative reports of the many available in the literature about calculations of the IAR in cadaveric tissue, usually single motion segments [1–3]. In contrast, results of the IAR for lumbar motion measured in vivo (and by extension, for the whole lumbar spine) are actually scarce. Based on the preliminary report presented by group [4], in the present study we describe the characteristics of the IAR for lumbar spine torsion measured in vivo in a much larger cohort of normal subjects through the application of the method originally described by Kinzel et al. [5].
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Han, Fenghui, Jiajian Tan, Yijun Mao, Datong Qi, and Yiyun Zhang. "Effects of Flow Loss and Inlet Distortions Caused by Radial Inlet on the Performance of Centrifugal Compressor Stage." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-09693.

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Radial inlet is a typical upstream component in centrifugal compressors. Compared to axial inlet, radial inlet generates additional flow loss and introduces inlet distortions to the impeller inlet, which negatively impacts the performance of the whole centrifugal compressor. In this paper, two centrifugal compressor stages with different radial inlets were investigated with numerical simulations. Three computational models, (i) with radial inlet (ii) without flow loss and inlet distortions (iii) with flow loss but no inlet distortions, were built for each compressor stage, and calculations were carried out to analyze the respective effects of flow loss and inlet distortions caused by radial inlet on the performances of the compressor stage and the downstream components. The present study validates that flow loss and inlet distortions caused by radial inlet are the main factors by means of which the radial inlet affects the performance of the centrifugal compressor. What’s more, the results indicate that flow loss in radial inlet only affects the performance of the whole radial inlet stage, but has little effect on the downstream components such as the impeller; while inlet distortions caused by radial inlet not only negatively influence the performance of the whole radial inlet stage, but also have significant effects on the downstream components. This research, as a preliminary work of the improvement study, provides references for the structure modifications of radial inlet in the next stage.
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Garci´a-Pen˜a, Francisco, Alejandro Mun˜oz-Mozos, and Pedro Casero-Cabezo´n. "MBM (Meat and Bonemeal) Co-Gasification in IGCC Technology." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30010.

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The potential use of MBM (Meat and Bone Meal) as fuel in a power plant has been recently originated by the mad cow disease, affecting not only Europe (the origin of the disease) but also other continents. MBM manufacturing companies have been forced to change their traditional ways of distribution due to the current ban of using MBM as cattle feed, therefore using a dumping site or an incinerator. To be considered as a fuel, several studies should be carried out. Preliminary characterisation of MBM showed a heating value higher than existing in coal, and a grain size acceptable to be mixed with regular fuel, hence appropriate to be brought into a boiler or a gasifier. Additionally, an expected advantage of using MBM in a gasification process was the possibility of using it as adequate slag/ash fusion agent (instead of traditional limestone), due to the high presence of Ca compounds. Related to environmental issues, the conventional thermal oxidation process (like incineration) shows several inconveniences, associated to the presence of hazardous compounds (like furans and dioxins) expected in organic matter combustion. There are few references of the existence of this kind of compounds in gasification process, but it is known that the existing reducing environment in a gasifier does not benefit its formation at all. Some of these issues were analysed in short duration full-scale tests developed in Puertollano IGCC Power Plant, owned by ELCOGAS, in which several MBM/regular fuel mixtures were tested. This paper describes the methodology used in these tests, fuel characteristics, main systems performance, and general conclusions about the viability of IGCC co-gasification using alternative fuels.
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Fang, Ziwen, Yanping Zhang, Caihui Zheng, et al. "Braking Safety Design and Analysis for Railway Vehicles." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24673.

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Abstract Brake is a safety critical system for railway vehicles and brake failures have caused many catastrophic accidents in the history. Detailed accident investigation reports are available and National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) also makes safety recommendations to Federal Railroad Administration and the industry. However, there is limited research on how to improve the brake safety from the perspective of design, system integration and safety analysis. In this paper, a framework for braking safety design and analysis is introduced, which includes four parts: failure alarming system, safety design, safety analysis and preventative maintenance. For failure alarming, according to the severity level, the failures will be notified to the operator, to Operation Control Center (OCC) or saved for the maintainer. For safety design, redundant design for fail-safe feature, automatic braking, brake release, weight control, ergonomics design for easy operation and maintenance are discussed and several application examples are illustrated. In the safety analysis section, Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) as a semi-quantitative analysis, Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) as a bottom-up method and Fault Tree Analysis as a top-down method are used. The hazards details, system assurance actions and closure references are recorded in the Hazard Tracking Log (HTL) to ensure all the safety related items are well tracked and documented. Preventative Maintenance (PM) which is regularly performed on the brake components to lessen the likelihood of failing is also discussed in combination with the reliability prediction and safety analysis for a balance of safety and economy. The safety design framework and principles introduced in this paper can also be applied into other railway systems, such as Propulsion, Signaling, Doors, etc. and may provide insights to similar industries such as automotive, energy and so on.
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Selladurai, Sathiyamoorthy, and Arun K. Thittai. "Quantitative Quasi-Static Ultrasound Elastography Using Reference Layer: A Preliminary Assessment." In 2018 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2018.8579832.

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Chang, Peter I., and Chen-Wei Wu. "Iterative reference input shapping for dual stage actuators: A preliminary study." In 2016 International Conference on System Science and Engineering (ICSSE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsse.2016.7551647.

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Reports on the topic "Preliminary references"

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Barbacci, Mario R., and Jeannette M. Wing. Durra: A Task-Level Description Language, Preliminary Reference Manual. Defense Technical Information Center, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada178975.

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Auflick, J. L. Human Events Reference for ATHEANA (HERA) Database Description and Preliminary User's Manual. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/759170.

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Auflick, J. L., H. A. Hahn, and D. J. Pond. Human events reference for ATHEANA (HERA) database description and preliminary user`s manual. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/291182.

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Chau, Minh. Establishment of facility reference level in computed tomography in selective examinations in a single institution in South Australia: A preliminary study. Science Repository OÜ, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.rdi.2019.01.002.

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Geldart, R. W., S. O. Bates, and S. J. Jette. Baseline milestone HWVP-87-V110202F: Preliminary evaluation of noble metal behavior in the Hanford waste vitrification plant reference glass HW-39. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/207648.

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Ramm-Granberg, Tynan, F. Rocchio, Catharine Copass, Rachel Brunner, and Eric Nelsen. Revised vegetation classification for Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic national parks: Project summary report. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284511.

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Field crews recently collected more than 10 years of classification and mapping data in support of the North Coast and Cascades Inventory and Monitoring Network (NCCN) vegetation maps of Mount Rainier (MORA), Olympic (OLYM), and North Cascades (NOCA) National Parks. Synthesis and analysis of these 6000+ plots by Washington Natural Heritage Program (WNHP) and Institute for Natural Resources (INR) staff built on the foundation provided by the earlier classification work of Crawford et al. (2009). These analyses provided support for most of the provisional plant associations in Crawford et al. (2009), while also revealing previously undescribed vegetation types that were not represented in the United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). Both provisional and undescribed types have since been submitted to the USNVC by WNHP staff through a peer-reviewed process. NCCN plots were combined with statewide forest and wetland plot data from the US Forest Service (USFS) and other sources to create a comprehensive data set for Washington. Analyses incorporated Cluster Analysis, Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS), Multi-Response Permutation Procedure (MRPP), and Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) to identify, vet, and describe USNVC group, alliance, and association distinctions. The resulting revised classification contains 321 plant associations in 99 alliances. A total of 54 upland associations were moved through the peer review process and are now part of the USNVC. Of those, 45 were provisional or preliminary types from Crawford et al. (2009), with 9 additional new associations that were originally identified by INR. WNHP also revised the concepts of 34 associations, wrote descriptions for 2 existing associations, eliminated/archived 2 associations, and created 4 new upland alliances. Finally, WNHP created 27 new wetland alliances and revised or clarified an additional 21 as part of this project (not all of those occur in the parks). This report and accompanying vegetation descriptions, keys and synoptic and environmental tables (all products available from the NPS Data Store project reference: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2279907) present the fruit of these combined efforts: a comprehensive, up-to-date vegetation classification for the three major national parks of Washington State.
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Foster, Jessica. Survey of Legal Mechanisms Relating to Groundwater Along the Texas-Mexico Border. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.groundwateralongborder.

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The purpose of this study is to present a factual picture of the multiple groundwater governance frameworks that cover the same transboundary aquifers on the Texas-Mexico border. The study can then serve as a foundation to support future research and as a reference for those sharing groundwater resources on the border to use in considering whether and how to coordinate management. Currently, Texas A&amp;M School of Law, the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&amp;M University, and the Texas Water Resources Institute are collaboratively pursuing a larger interdisciplinary project, and the study presented in this report is part of that concerted endeavor. First, the project establishes a study area, then identifies who are the stakeholders in the area, and finally summarizes the various rules each entity applies to groundwater. The study area selected is based on the aquifers identified in the 2016 study noted above (see Figure 1). Although there is currently no formal agreement between governments or users in Mexico and Texas for managing the reservoirs that cross underneath the international border, this survey represents a preliminary step in addressing the larger problems that the absence of a cooperative groundwater management framework presents. All of the institutional approaches employed in the various jurisdictions surveyed here model features from which developing management approaches could draw. Equally, noting gaps in the institutional approaches themselves and the ad hoc groundwater withdrawals occurring outside the reach of those institutions illustrates potential value in engaging local users in Texas’ and Mexico’s respective groundwater governance arrangements.
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Caicedo, Yudith, and Diana Karen Sandoval. Marco jurídico usos agroindustriales de la hoja de coca en las comunidades indígenas del departamento del Cauca desde un contexto legal y en el marco del postconflicto. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecacen.4710.

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Este documento es un resultado preliminar de una investigación planteada sobre experiencias de los usos agroindustriales lícitos de la hoja de coca, donde se resaltaran los casos exitosos de actividades productivas presentes en las comunidades indígenas del departamento del Cauca. Según los informes en los últimos cinco años en el departamento del Cauca, se ha presentado un crecimiento significativo del cultivo de coca, se suma el carácter indígena y agrario que caracteriza este departamento que, con el significado ancestral que tiene la coca para las comunidades que aquí habitan, sus costumbres alimenticias, medicinales y culturales; estudios científicos muestran las cualidades benéficas de la planta, generando así la necesidad e interés de plantear esta investigación desde una perspectiva de innovación y desarrollo para el país en general. En este contexto se hace necesario plantear un marco legal que permita identificar el piso jurídico que tienen las iniciativas microempresariales a presentar y la viabilidad de permanencia y desarrollo de estás dentro del contexto colombiano. Se realiza un recorrido por la legislación referente a la temática, desde los inicios del reconocimiento del cultivo del arbusto de coca hasta el reconocimiento de sus usos como materia prima de productos alimenticios y medicinales. Posteriormente este marco jurídico dará paso a la investigación de campo para identificar el avance de las iniciativas empresariales y poder analizar cómo desde el contexto legal este pueden ser viables o que gestiones se requiere realizar para que estas iniciativas pasen a ser una alternativa productiva legal y reconocida tanto en el departamento del Cauca como en el país en general.
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