Academic literature on the topic 'Premium pension Bure Equity'

AbstractEvidence is presented for a model in which wage growth is positively correlated with equity returns after a time lag of 1–3 years. This model is used to derive the risk premium on an asset which provides a cash flow linked to final salary. Using historic UK data, it is estimated that this risk premium is 0.5% per annum, a much smaller figure than that normally assumed for the equity market. This result has implications for the discount rate that should be used to derive the fair value of final salary pension liabilities.

AbstractThe paper analyses the relationship between equities and gilt-edged. It shows that the yield ratio (the yield on gilts divided by that on equities) should no longer hold its almost mystical significance of the last decade, being but one component of the expected return on equities, in which the most significant element is the rate of dividend growth relative to the yield on gilt-edged. How equities perform in economic recession is highlighted. The paper reviews the performance of equities over the last 70 years in both nominal and real terms and analyses the historic sources of the equity risk premium, i.e. the excess return of equities over gilt-edged. If the equity risk premium remains at below-average levels in the 1990s, as is possible, constraints may be placed on actuaries' choice of pension fund valuation bases.

AbstractWe compute minimum nominal funding ratios for defined-benefit (DB) plans based on the expected utility that can be achieved in a defined-contribution (DC) pension scheme. Using Monte Carlo simulation, expected utility is computed for three different specifications of utility: power utility, mean-shortfall, and mean-downside deviation. Depending on risk aversion and the level of sophistication assumed for the DC scheme, minimum acceptable funding ratios are between 0.87 and 1.20 in nominal terms. For relative risk aversion of 5 and a DC scheme with a fixed-contribution setup, the minimum nominal funding ratio is between 0.87 and 0.98. The attractiveness of the DB plan increases with the expected equity premium and the fraction invested in stocks. We conclude that the expected value of intergenerational solidarity, providing time-diversification to its participants, can be large. Minimum funding ratios in real (inflation-adjusted) terms lie between 0.56 and 0.79. Given a DB pension fund with a funding ratio of 1.30, a participant in a DC plan has to pay a 2.7 to 6.1% point higher contribution on average to achieve equal expected utility.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att utreda om det finns ett lämpligare investeringsalternativ än de nuvarande investeringsalternativ som finns i det svenska premiepensionssystemet. För att genomföra detta kommer studien att framställa en portfölj av ett svenskt och ett internationellt investmentbolag med en god balans mellan risk och avkastning för en jämförelse av dagens premiepensionssystem. Metod: Studien utgår från historisk data under tio års tid som vidare analyseras genom bland annat Pearson R modellen. Urvalet består av investmentbolag på den nordiska- samt den amerikanska marknaden. Utöver den kvantitativa studien kommer en intervju att genomföras med en respondent som är kunnig inom området om sparande och pensionsinvesteringar. Avslutningsvis presenteras studiens trovärdighet och metodkritik. Teoretiskt perspektiv: Den teoretiska referensramen utgörs av tidigare teorier som är relevanta för att framställa den bäst lämpade portföljen. Markowitz moderna portföljteori ligger till grund och kompletteras av ytterligare väsentliga mått som exempelvis Sharpekvoten. Vidare tillämpas en utvecklad portföljteori av Grubel & Solnik för ett internationellt perspektiv. Empiri: Empirin/Resultatet består av en presentation av den bearbetade datan som ligger till grund för den analys som genomförs. Slutsats: Studien framställer en portfölj i form av Bure Equity AB och Berkshire Hathaway. I jämförelse med premiepensionens redan befintliga alternativ uppvisar studiens portfölj en avsevärt högre nominell avkastning. Konstellationen av Bure Equity AB och Berkshire Hathaway uppvisar en nominell avkastning på 19,75 % i relation till premiepensionens aktiva sparare som uppvisar en nominell avkastning på 7 %. Den passiva spararen som tilldelas AP7 Såfa uppvisar en nominell avkastning på 11 %.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is evaluate if there is another investment opportunity than the current investment opportunities in the Swedish pension system. In order to do this the study will produce a portfolio of a Swedishand an international investment company with a good balance between risk and return for a comparison of today’s premium pension scheme. Methodology: The study is based on historical data for ten years which further is analyzed through the Pearson R model. The selection consists of investment companies in the Nordic- and the American market. Along with the quantitative study an interview will be made with a representative well familiar with savings and pension investments. Finally the credibility of the study and methodology criticism is presented. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical frame of reference consists of previous theories that are relevant to produce the best-suited portfolio. Markowitz modern portfolio theory is the main theory which is supplemented by additional essential measures as the Sharpe ratio. Furthermore, a developed portfolio theory by Grubel & Solnik is applied to get an international perspective. Result: The result consists of a presentation of the processed data as underlies the analysis being carried out. Conclusions: The study produces a portfolio in the form of Bure Equity AB and Berkshire Hathaway. In comparison with the pre-existing pension options the study’s portfolio shows a significantly higher nominal return. The constellation of Bure Equity AB and Berkshire Hathaway exhibits a nominal return of 19,75 % in relation to the active saver in the premium pension with a nominal return of 7 %. The passive saver assigned to AP7 Safa exhibits a nominal return of 11 %.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att utreda om det finns ett lämpligare investeringsalternativ än de nuvarande investeringsalternativ som finns i det svenska premiepensionssystemet. För att genomföra detta kommer studien att framställa en portfölj av ett svenskt och ett internationellt investmentbolag med en god balans mellan risk och avkastning för en jämförelse av dagens premiepensionssystem. Metod: Studien utgår från historisk data under tio års tid som vidare analyseras Genom bland annat Pearson R modellen. Urvalet består av investmentbolag på den nordiska- samt den amerikanska marknaden. Utöver den kvantitativa studien kommer en intervju att genomföras med en respondent som är kunnig inom området om sparande och pensionsinvesteringar. Avslutningsvis presenteras studiens trovärdighet och metodkritik. Teoretiskt perspektiv: Den teoretiska referensramen utgörs av tidigare teorier som är relevanta för att framställa den bäst lämpade portföljen. Markowitz moderna portföljteori ligger till grund och kompletteras av ytterligare väsentliga mått som exempelvis Sharpekvoten. Vidare tillämpas en utvecklad portföljteori av Grubel & Solnik för ett internationellt perspektiv. Empiri: Empirin/Resultatet består av en presentation av den bearbetade datan som ligger till grund för den analys som genomförs. Slutsats: Studien framställer en portfölj i form av Bure Equity AB och Berkshire Hathaway. I jämförelse med premiepensionens redan befintliga alternativ uppvisar studiens portfölj en avsevärt högre nominell avkastning. Konstellationen av Bure Equity AB och Berkshire Hathaway uppvisar en nominell avkastning på 19,75 % i relation till premiepensionens aktiva sparare som uppvisar en nominell avkastning på 7 %. Den passiva spararen som tilldelas AP7 Såfa uppvisar en nominell avkastning på 11 %.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is evaluate if there is another investment opportunity than the current investment opportunities in the Swedish pension system. In order to do this the study will produce a portfolio of a Swedishand an international investment company with a good balance between risk and return for a comparison of today’s premium pension scheme. Methodology: The study is based on historical data for ten years which further is analyzed through the Pearson R model. The selection consists of investment companies in the Nordic- and the American market. Along with the quantitative study an interview will be made with a representative well familiar with savings and pension investments. Finally the credibility of the study and methodology criticism is presented. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical frame of reference consists of previous theories that are relevant to produce the best-suited portfolio. Markowitz modern portfolio theory is the main theory which is supplemented by additional essential measures as the Sharpe ratio. Furthermore, a developed portfolio theory by Grubel & Solnik is applied to get an international perspective. Result: The result consists of a presentation of the processed data as underlies the analysis being carried out. Conclusions: The study produces a portfolio in the form of Bure Equity AB and Berkshire Hathaway. In comparison with the pre-existing pension options the study’s portfolio shows a significantly higher nominal return. The constellation of Bure Equity AB and Berkshire Hathaway exhibits a nominal return of 19,75 % in relation to the active saver in the premium pension with a nominal return of 7 %. The passive saver assigned to AP7 Safa exhibits a nominal return of 11 %.

In order to assure a livelihood for the working population after retirement, the national retirement pension was developed. The system is based on 18.5% of each tax-paying worker’s annual salary. The national retirement pension system in Sweden consist of two parts. The first and largest part contributing with 16 percentage points, of the 18.5%, is a defined benefit plan, named the income pension. The second part contributing with 2.5 percentage points, of the 18.5%, is the premium pension, which is a defined contribution plan. The premium pension is the sole part of the national retirement pension controlled by the individual employee, with the opportunity to actively invest in a broad selection of domestic and international funds. Investors not making a choice will be transferred into the governments default fund, named the seventh AP fund. By investing in funds, the premium pension is partly based on each worker’s annual salary but also on the development of the financial market. This thesis has two purposes, the first is to investigate if the default alternative, the seventh AP fund has had a superior risk-adjusted return compared to fifty of the most commonly selected equity funds available in the premium pension selection. The second purpose is to construct portfolios for active investors with different risk-tolerance in order to compare the risk-adjusted return between an investor that has made an active investment in comparison to an investor that has not made an active choice. To conclude, this thesis shows that there are superior funds to select, with regard to risk-adjusted return and risk-exposure, as an alternative to the seventh AP fund. In addition to this, the portfolio construction included in this thesis has proven that active participants can achieve results that are more compatible with their risk preferences in comparison to remaining in the default fund option. However, it is important for investors to remain active and alter their fund selections throughout the years, in order to attain the preferable outcome.

We investigate the activity and performance of 64 Swedish registered mutual equity funds available in the Swedish Premium Pension System from October 2002 to December 2011. Fund activity is measured by applying the holdings based analysis Active Share combined with Tracking Error Volatility (TEV). Active Share is a relatively new measure that compares a fund’s holdings with its benchmark index constituents (Cremers & Petajisto, 2009; Petajisto, 2013). This is used as a proxy for the fund’s stock selection strategy. As a complement, TEV is used as a proxy for the factor timing strategy. Performance are measured by using Jensen’s (1968) model, Fama and French’s (1993) model and Carhart’s (1997) model. We document that Swedish funds in the Premium Pension System are relatively passive in term of Active Share compared to US funds. We attribute this finding to the relative number of stocks held by a fund compared to the market. Swedish equity funds hold a relatively larger share of the number of stocks in the Swedish market while US funds hold a relatively smaller share of the stocks in the US market. We run a panel regression analysis to test the relation between Active Share and various variables. We find that funds with higher TER fees and fewer stocks on average have higher Active Share. There are also indications that TEV is positively related to Active Share. However, the overall explanatory power of the variables is low. We attribute this as evidence that Active Share is an independent measure of fund activity. Overall, we find neutral performance for an equally weighted portfolio of all funds in the PPS. To examine the performance differences between different levels of activity, we sort funds into five portfolios based on Active Share and TEV. The results show that, given a medium-to-low TEV, funds with high Active Share significantly outperform funds with low Active Share. Furthermore, it appears that the fee rebate in the Premium Pension System is important especially for the passive funds. Without the rebate, the passive funds underperform significantly. We run a panel regression analysis on the future fund performance to test the predictive abilities of Active Share and TEV. The results indicate that Active Share does not explain future performance differences. Conversely, TEV is negatively related to future performance which can be explained by fund managers being overconfident