Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / PREN / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: PREN.

Journal articles on the topic 'PREN'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'PREN.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Kopsell, David E., William M. Randle, and Norman E. Schmidt. "439 Quantification of the Lachrymatory Factor for Onion Flavor Assessment is Cultivar-dependent." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 520B—520. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.520b.

Full text

Abstract:

The tearing and burning sensations associated with raw onion consumption are caused by (Z,E)-propanethial S-oxide, the lachrymatory factor (LF). The LF is produced from the hydrolysis of S-1-propenyl-L-cysteine S-oxide (PREN), the dominant flavor compound in onions. Current methodology for LF quantification was optimized for Granex-type onions using a 2-min incubation time to allow for maximum formation. In this study, data were taken on PREN hydrolysis of `Dehydrator #3' and `Granex 33' at harvest and during storage and were compared to LF formation. `Dehydrator #3' PREN hydrolysis was 98% complete 5 s after cellular disruption at each sampling date. However, using the 2-min incubation procedure, only 10.25 μmol of LF was recovered from the hydrolysis of 30.11 μmol of PREN at harvest, thereby underestimating LF for this cultivar. Percent PREN hydrolysis for `Granex 33' was lower than `Dehydrator #3' during the enzymatic reaction at each sampling date, suggesting slower PREN hydrolysis activity. At harvest, 6.96 μmol of LF were recovered from 12.54 μmol of PREN hydrolyzed. After 2 storage months, however, micromol of LF were equal to micromol of PREN. LF quantification is currently being considered by the onion industry as a direct measurement of gross onion pungency. This data suggests that more optimization of LF quantification is needed before it can be applied to a broad range of cultivar types.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Cappellozza, Bruno I., Pedro V. F. Lasmar, Flávea T. Reis, Leane Oliveira, Fernanda Hoe, Ryan M. Boehler, Jose Leibovich, Robert Starkey, José Simas, and Reinaldo F. Cooke. "Effects of supplement type and narasin inclusion on supplement intake by Bos indicus beef bulls grazing a warm-season forage." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 1 (October 17, 2018): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txy113.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplement type and narasin inclusion on the frequency and supplement intake of grazing Bos indicus beef bulls. Four hundred animals were ranked by initial BW (383 ± 35 kg) and allocated into one of four paddocks of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú (100 animals/paddock). Paddocks were randomly assigned to receive either a mineral salt (MIN) or a protein-energetic supplement (PREN) containing or not narasin (N) for a 90-d period. An individual electronic data capture system with 11 feed bunks was used to individually measure supplement intake and meal frequency in each paddock. The evaluations and analysis of individual intake, frequency of visits to the feeder, and intake per visit (I/V) were performed every 15 d and classified as periods (PR1 through PR6). All data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial design with the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. A supplement type × N × PR interaction was observed (P < 0.0001) for daily supplement intake. No differences were observed between MIN, whereas PREN had a greater (P ≤ 0.03) supplement intake on PR1 and PR3, but a reduced supplement intake on PR6 compared with PREN + N (P = 0.02). Moreover, no supplement type × N interaction (P = 0.47) or N (P = 0.44) effects were observed for daily supplement intake in the present study. A supplement type × N × PR interaction was detected (P < 0.0001) for the frequency of visits in the feeders. Throughout the experimental period, animals from the MIN + N had a greater (P ≤ 0.02) frequency of visits compared with MIN cohorts. A supplement effect was detected for I/V (P = 0.02), whereas neither a narasin effect (P = 0.74) nor interactions (P ≥ 0.16) were observed. Animals offered PREN had a greater I/V when compared with MIN cohorts (145 vs. 846 g/d for MIN and PREN, respectively; SEM = 16.1). When these data are reported as percentage of days visiting the feeder within each PR, MIN and MIN + N animals visited the feeder for 25.8% and 35.9% of the days, respectively. Conversely, no differences were observed (P = 0.65) in the overall mean visits per PR between PREN and PREN + N (12.8 vs. 12.3 d for PREN and PREN + N, respectively; SEM = 0.195). As percentage of days visiting the feeder, PREN and PREN + N visited the feeder for 85.1% and 81.9% of the days, respectively. In summary, narasin inclusion did not reduce supplement intake, regardless of supplement type, but increased the frequency of visits to the feeder for the MIN treatment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Wojtas, Magdalena, Tomasz Bieńkowski, Monika Zelman-Femiak, Seiji Tateyama, Hiroshi Sagami, Tadeusz Chojnacki, Witold Danikiewicz, and Ewa Swiezewska. "Dolichols of the fern Matteucia struthiopteris." Acta Biochimica Polonica 52, no. 1 (March 31, 2005): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2005_3516.

Full text

Abstract:

Dolichols isolated from leaves of the fern Matteucia struthiopteris were present as a mixture of prenologues composed of 14 up to 20 isoprene units with Dol-16 dominating. They comprised approximately 0.004% of the fresh weight of fresh plant tissue and were accompanied by traces of polyprenols (Pren-14 up to Pren-17, Pren-16 dominating). Their structure was confirmed by electropray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). This is the first time that dolichols have been reported as dominating polyisoprenoid alcohols in plant photosynthetic tissue.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Craig, Bruce. "Clarifying the Applicability of PREN Equations: A Short Focused Review." Corrosion 77, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3723.

Full text

Abstract:

The application of pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) equations for stainless steels has become ubiquitous across many industries, none more so than the petroleum industry. These useful equations are often used to develop new alloys based on generating the highest possible PREN, however, they are frequently applied incorrectly to environments that are not consistent with the original basis of their development. This focused review presents some of the origins of the PREN equations and their limitations especially for use in oil and gas applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Prabowo, Harris, Badrul Munir, Yudha Pratesa, and Johny W. Soedarsono. "Comparison of 2507 Duplex and 28 % Cr- Austenitic Stainless Steel Corrosion Behavior for High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) in Sour Service Condition with C-ring Experiment." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 65, no. 3 (July 5, 2021): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.17598.

Full text

Abstract:

The scarcity of oil and gas resources made High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) reservoir attractive to be developed. The sour service environment gives an additional factor in material selection for HPHT reservoir. Austenitic 28 Cr and super duplex stainless steel 2507 (SS 2507) are proposed to be a potential materials candidate for such conditions. C-ring tests were performed to investigate their corrosion behavior, specifically sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and sulfide stress cracking susceptibility. The C-ring tests were done under 2.55 % H2S (31.48 psia) and 50 % CO2 (617.25 psia). The testing was done in static environment conditions. Regardless of good SSC resistance for both materials, different pitting resistance is seen in both materials. The pitting resistance did not follow the general Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN), since SS 2507 super duplex (PREN > 40) has more pitting density than 28 Cr austenitic stainless steel (PREN < 40). SS 2507 super duplex pit shape tends to be larger but shallower than 28 Cr austenitic stainless steel. 28 Cr austenitic stainless steel has a smaller pit density, yet deeper and isolated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ireland, Richard W. "Absence of Evidence or Evidence of Absence? Welsh Extra-Curial Dispute Settlement Revisited." Welsh History Review / Cylchgrawn Hanes Cymru 30, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 56–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.16922/whr.30.1.4.

Full text

Abstract:

The 'ceffyl pren' ('wooden horse') was a ritual shaming punishment used by neighbours against offenders who were held to have breached communal norms. The use of the practice in the nineteenth century is often presented as a survival of a long-established custom, rooted in rural Welsh life and in decline due to suppression by the instruments of the state. This article argues that the ceffyl pren was not in its origin ancient, nor particularly Welsh, and that its use increased in the nineteenth century. The reasons for the development of the practice at that later time are then considered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

González, Daniela, Karla Bon-Padilla, María Isabel Grijalva, and María Isabel Ortega. "Impacto de un programa de promoción de la salud nutricional y ambiente alimentario escolar en escuelas primarias públicas." Revista Chilena de Salud Pública 24, no. 2 (March 12, 2021): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-5281.2020.61270.

Full text

Abstract:

Introducción: Los programas de prevención de obesidad infantil que incluyen al ambiente escolar y se apoyan en políticas públicas que promueven ambientes saludables, presentan mayores oportunidades de éxito. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de un Programa de Educación Nutricional (PREN), considerando el ambiente alimentario escolar (AAE) y del hogar. Materiales y métodos: Se identificaron los factores que influyen en las conductas alimentarias y se evaluó el estado nutricional de niños de 13 escuelas primarias púbicas en la ciudad de Hermosillo, en el noroeste de México, antes y después del PREN (2014-2016). Resultados: Uno de cada 4 escolares participantes presentó sobrepeso u obesidad. Más de la mitad de las escuelas no siguieron las regulaciones oficiales en la oferta de alimentos; aun así, la respuesta de los padres de familia permitió la reducción del consumo de energía total en las comidas y colaciones en casa. Después de la implementación y evaluación del PREN, el AAE fue la principal barrera para la promoción de estilos de vida saludables. Discusión: Se concluye que para enfrentar el ambiente obesogénico actual, es necesario un mayor compromiso de autoridades a través del fomento de estrategias reguladoras del ambiente escolar que propicien elecciones alimentarias saludables y el aumento de la actividad física en el entorno escolar.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Marchetti, M. G., G. Kampf, G. Finzi, and G. Salvatorelli. "Evaluation of the bactericidal effect of five products for surgical hand disinfection according to prEN 12054 and prEN 12791." Journal of Hospital Infection 54, no. 1 (May 2003): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-6701(03)00039-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Namaliu, Rabbie. "TUPELA PLES-OLPELA PREN NUPELA WOK BUNG WANTAIM." APPEA Journal 39, no. 2 (1999): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98050.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Eggers, Maren, Carolin Benzinger, Miranda Suchomel, and Elmar Hjorth. "Virucidal activity of three ethanol-based hand rubs against murine norovirus in a hand hygiene clinical simulation study." Future Microbiology 15, no. 14 (September 2020): 1335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2020-0168.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim: We evaluated the efficacy of three ethanol-based hand rubs against murine norovirus in a proposed clinical simulation test (prEN 17430). Materials & methods: Virucidal activity was determined in 18 volunteers using three hand rubs: ethanol 72.4 and 89.5% v/v solutions, and 86% v/v gel. Subjects underwent testing with each product (3/6 ml for 15/30 s) and a reference solution (6 ml 70% v/v ethanol for 60 s). Results: Against murine norovirus, the reduction factors (RF; RF mean ± standard deviation log10 reduction of postsampling) for ethanol gel 86% v/v (RF 1.96 ± 0.64), ethanol 89.5% v/v (RF 2.49 ± 0.59) and ethanol 72.4% v/v (RF 2.61 ± 0.50), were all significantly superior to that of the reference solution. Conclusion: All three hand rubs passed the criteria set out in prEN 17430 and exhibited excellent virucidal efficacy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Kułakowski, Marcin, and Krzysztof Rokosz. "Using of stainless steels in transport." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.128.

Full text

Abstract:

The article discusses transport applications of most popular stainless steels. The basic information about the production of alloy steels, hot rolling, mechanical and corrosion properties in that paper, are presented. In addition, the plots of yield strength, relative elongation, hardness and corrosion resistance (PREN) for selected stainless steels were shown.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Lindgren, M., E. Huttunen-Saarivirta, H. Peltola, J. Romu, T. Sarikka, H. Hänninen, and P. Pohjanne. "Crevice Corrosion of Stainless Steels 904L, 2205, and 2507 in High-Temperature Sulfuric Acid Solution Containing Chlorides: Influence of Metal Cations." Corrosion 74, no. 2 (September 28, 2017): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2565.

Full text

Abstract:

Crevice corrosion influences the integrity of materials in many industrial sectors, such as hydrometallurgy. The conditions in hydrometallurgical processes are severe, with high concentrations of sulfuric acid leachant as well as high-chloride impurity, oxygen, and metal cation contents. In this study, crevice corrosion behavior of highly-alloyed austenitic and duplex stainless steels is investigated in aerated high-temperature sulfuric acid solution with 1 g/L chlorides in the presence of three types of metal cations: Fe3+, Cu2+, and Fe2+. The experimental work contains the determination of the oxidizing capacity of the solutions, immersion crevice corrosion tests followed by characterization of the corrosion attack, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The results show that the alloy with the highest PREN value, grade 2507, was not susceptible to crevice corrosion under the test conditions. In the case of grades 904L and 2205 of relatively equal PREN values, the extent and nature of crevice corrosion attack was different and dependent on the ratio of activities of chlorides to sulfates and the type of metal cations. The results are presented and discussed in the light of IR drop mechanism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Yu, Rong, Ya-Qi Jiang, and Zhao-Xiong Xie. "catena-Poly[[bis(1,3-propylenediamine)zinc(II)]-μ-naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylato-κ2 O 2:O 6]." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 4 (March 10, 2006): m736—m737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806008117.

Full text

Abstract:

The title compound, [Zn(C12H6O4)(C3H10N2)2] n , has been prepared from zinc(II), naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2napdc) and 1,3-propylenediamine (pren). The Zn atom lies on a crystallographic centre of symmetry and is coordinated by two monodentate naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate ligands and two chelating 1,3-propylenediamine ligands in a distorted octahedral environment. The naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate ligands link the Zn atoms, forming a one-dimensional chain structure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Wiesner, C. S., S. J. Garwood, R. Sandström, D. M. Street, and K. J. Coulson. "Background to requirements for the prevention of brittle fracture in the European standards for unfired pressure vessels (prEN 13445) and metallic industrial piping (prEN 13480)." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 78, no. 6 (June 2001): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-0161(01)00054-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Delleman, Nico, Mark Boocock, Bronislaw Kapitaniak, Peter Schaefer, and Karlheinz Schaub. "prEN 1005-4: Evaluation of Working Postures in Relation to Machinery." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 35 (July 2000): 6–444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403513.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Hüsgen, P., R. J. Wirtz, and J. C. Köhler. "Die Labcor- stented porcine Herzklappenprothese im Labortest nach prEN 12006-1." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 43, s1 (1998): 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.1998.43.s1.386.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Kampf, Gï¿½nter, Christiane Ostermeyer, Peter Heeg, and Daryl Paulson. "Evaluation of Two Methods of Determining the Efficacies of Two Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs for Surgical Hand Antisepsis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 6 (June 2006): 3856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02746-05.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial efficacies of preparations for surgical hand antisepsis can be determined according to a European standard (prEN 12791 [EN]) and a U.S. standard (tentative final monograph for health care antiseptic drug products [TFM]). The U.S. method differs in the product application mode (hands and lower forearms, versus hands only in EN), the number of applications (11 over 5 days, versus a single application in EN), the sampling times (0, 3, and 6 h after application, versus 0 and 3 h in EN), the sampling methods (glove juice versus fingertip sampling in EN), and the outcome requirements (absolute bacterial reduction factor [RF], versus noninferiority to reference treatment in EN). We have studied the efficacies of two hand rubs according to both methods. One hand rub was based on 80% ethanol and applied for 2 min, and the other one was based on 45% propan-2-ol, 30% propan-1-ol, and 0.2% mecetronium etilsulfate and applied for 1.5 min. The ethanol-based hand rub was equally effective as the 3-min reference disinfection of prEN 12791 in both the immediate (RFs, 2.97 ï¿½ 0.89 versus 2.92 ï¿½ 1.03, respectively) and sustained (RFs, 2.20 ï¿½ 1.07 versus 2.47 ï¿½ 1.25, respectively) effects. According to TFM, the immediate effects were 2.99 log10 (day 1), 3.00 log10 (day 2), and 3.43 log10 (day 5), and bacterial counts were still below baseline after 6 h. The propanol-based hand rub was even more effective than the reference disinfection of prEN 12791 in both the immediate (RFs, 2.35 ï¿½ 0.99 versus 1.86 ï¿½ 0.87, respectively) and sustained (RFs, 2.17 ï¿½ 1.00 versus 1.50 ï¿½ 1.26, respectively) effects. According to TFM, the immediate effects were 2.82 log10 (day 1), 3.29 log10 (day 2), and 3.25 log10 (day 5), and bacterial counts were still below baseline after 6 h. Some formulations have been reported to meet the efficacy requirements of one of the methods but not those of the other. That is why we conclude that, despite our results, meeting the efficacy requirements of one test method does not allow the claim that the requirements of the other test method are also met.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Gerlinger, Uwe-M., Roland Gückel, Michael Hoffmann, Dieter H. Wolf, and Wolfgang Hilt. "Yeast Cycloheximide-resistant crl Mutants Are Proteasome Mutants Defective in Protein Degradation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 8, no. 12 (December 1997): 2487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.8.12.2487.

Full text

Abstract:

In 1988 McCusker and Haber generated a series of mutants which are resistant to the minimum inhibitory concentration of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. These cycloheximide-resistant, temperature-sensitive (crl) mutants, in addition, exhibited other pleiotropic phenotypes, e.g., incorrect response to starvation, hypersensitivity against amino acid analogues, and other protein synthesis inhibitors. Temperature sensitivity of one of these mutants, crl3–2, had been found to be suppressed by a mutation, SCL1–1, which resided in an α-type subunit of the 20S proteasome. We cloned the CRL3 gene by complementation and found CRL3 to be identical to theSUG1/CIM3 gene coding for a subunit of the 19S cap complex of the 26S proteasome. Another mutation, crl21, revealed to be allelic with the 20S proteasomal gene PRE3. crl3–2 and crl21 mutant cells show significant defects in proteasome-dependent proteolysis, whereas theSCL1–1 suppressor mutation causes partial restoration of crl3–2-induced proteolytic defects. Notably, cycloheximide resistance was also detected for other proteolytically deficient proteasome mutants (pre1–1,pre2–1, pre3–1, pre4–1). Moreover, proteasomal genes were found within genomic sequences of 9 of 13 chromosomal loci to which crl mutations had been mapped. We therefore assume that most if not all crlmutations reside in the proteasome and that phenotypes found are a result of defective protein degradation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Vives Ostios, Cristina, and Adrià Marcos Pastor. "Aprendre ensenyant: introducció del paper del mentor a la robòtica educativa." Comunicació educativa, no. 26 (October 16, 2014): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/comeduc201335-40.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>En aquest article, es proposa una metodologia d’aprenentatge de la robòtica basada en la coresponsabilitat dels alumnes d’ESO com a transmissors del coneixement. Es pretén reforçar els aprenentatges dels estudiants de forma significativa, i donar una gran importància als seus sabers transmetent-los a nens i nenes d’educació infantil. En aquest procés, l’alumne pren un rol de mentor on integra coneixements de robòtica, treballa la competència comunicativa i les habilitats de treball en equip.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Pedersen, Dan B. "Evaluation of prEN 12354 parts 1 and 2 for Nordic dwelling houses." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 (February 1999): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.425655.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Hernández, A., M. Carrasco, and V. Ausina. "Mycobactericidal activity of chlorine dioxide wipes in a modified prEN 14563 test." Journal of Hospital Infection 69, no. 4 (August 2008): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2008.04.029.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Valero, Luis F. "La lógica de lo social." Comunicació educativa, no. 4 (December 27, 2013): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/comeduc199248-49.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>En el món actual el llibre d'Ignasi Brunet <em>La lògica de lo social</em> és una seriosa i profunda reflexió sobre les bases en les quals recolza la societat moderna. A partir de les idees de Durkheim sobre la societat i el seu concepte moral com a font de solidaritat, però que és a la vegada coactiva, Brunet contraposa la realitat de Foucault que no pren partit i es limita a ser un denunciador de la societat existent, descrivint només allò que observa.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Zabulionis, Darius, Dainius Šakinis, and Povilas Vainiūnas. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DESIGN CODES CALCULATION METHODS FOR PUNCHING SHEER RESISTANCE IN COLUMN‐TO‐SLAB CONNECTIONS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2006): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2006.9636394.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper analyses the compliance of the design codes calculation methods for punching shear resistance in reinforced concrete slabs STR 2.05.05:2005, E DIN 1045–1, ENV 1992–1‐1 EC 2, prEN 1992–1 [Final draft] EC 2, Model Code CEB‐FIP 1990, BS 8110, ACI 318–99 to the experimental data. It has been analysed whether the difference in the results of the mean punching shear resistance received according to these methods and through experiments is statistically significant, when the level of significance value is 0,05. To analyse the significance of the difference of the means Student t test was used. An analysis was carried out to find out which methods show the least different resistance results from the experimental data. According to this analysis, a classification of methods was made. Student t test was applied to analyse in which methods the ratio between the punching shear resistance results obtained and the punching shear resistance results received through experiment is statistically insignificant. The level of significance value considered was 0,05. It has been determined that almost in all cases the difference between the punching shear resistance results received experimentally and theoretically is statistically significant. It has also been found out that generally the punching shear resistance can be calculated by applying the prEN 1992–1 [Final draft] EC 2 method. The best method to describe the punching shear resistance in minimally reinforced slabs is ACI 318. The worst results are obtained by applying ENV 1992–1‐1 EC 2 and E DIN 1045–1 methods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Mounier, Pascale. "Le Chevallier au lyon et Tristan : des romans à « pren[dre] en gré »." Réforme, Humanisme, Renaissance 81, no. 2 (2015): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhren.081.0085.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Guimarães Barboza, Beatriz Regina, and Meritxell Hernando Marsal. "“Pren-me, desfes-me, refes-me”: Maria-Mercè Marçal traduzida em/como parceria." Gragoatá 24, no. 49 (August 27, 2019): 343–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/gragoata.v24i49.34108.

Full text

Abstract:

Este artigo se debruça sobre o processo de tradução de Desglaç (2017[1989]), da poeta catalã Maria-Mercè Marçal, para o português brasileiro, realizado pelas autoras do mesmo (2019). A tradução é entendida como parceria de experiências, de procuras acadêmicas e pessoais, além de uma militância, nos Estudos Feministas de Tradução. O próprio percurso tradutório de Maria-Mercè Marçal (GODAYOL, 2011; RIBA, 2015b) é tomado como ponto de partida para explicar a intervenção no sistema literário patriarcal que a escolha da autora a traduzir convoca e a incorporação de várias vozes na obra literária. Essa atividade, tal qual a de Marçal, faz parte de uma proposta de resgate da literatura feita por mulheres por meio da tradução, conforme trabalhada por Adrienne Rich (2017[1971]), que foi uma das teóricas e poetas que mais a inspirou (JULIÀ, 2017). Por fim, são comentados dois poemas traduzidos, que expõem os acordos e as distâncias que o percurso em parceria motivou.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Chen, Dihao, Chaofang Dong, Yuan Ma, Yucheng Ji, Lei Gao, and Xiaogang Li. "Revealing the inner rules of PREN from electronic aspect by first-principles calculations." Corrosion Science 189 (August 2021): 109561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109561.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Goroncy-Bermes, P. "Re: Evaluation of the bactericidal effect of five products for surgical hand disinfection according to prEN 12054 and prEN 12791. Marchetti MG et al. J Hosp Infect 2003;54:63–67." Journal of Hospital Infection 55, no. 3 (November 2003): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2003.08.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Darula, Stanislav, Richard Kittler, and Marta Malikova. "EN Criteria for Evaluation of Daylight in Interiors." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.307.

Full text

Abstract:

Daylighting in buildings is commonly designed and evaluated after the Daylight Factor criterion which is required also by the Slovak standard STN 73 0580. The model of the overcast sky representing the worst daylight conditions is the basis of all standard daylight calculations in many countries. Currently, the prEN standard Daylighting of buildings is elaborated by the CEN TC 169 WG11. A new climatological criterion for evaluation of daylight provision is proposed to reflect various luminous conditions in European localities. This paper informs and discusses the concept of the new standard and presents an example of daylighting evaluation in an interior applying STN and new EN criteria.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Lent, Herman, and José Jurberg. "A genitália externa dos machos de sete espécies de Triatoma Laporte, 1832 da região Neártica (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 82, no. 2 (June 1987): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761987000200011.

Full text

Abstract:

Sete espécies da região neártica: Triatoma barberi Usinger, 1939; T. rubida (Uhler, 1894); T. gertaeckeri (Stal, 1859); T. lecticularia (Stal, 1859); T. protracta (Uhler, 1894); T. recurva (Stal, 1868) e T. sanguisuga (Leconte, 1855) foram analisadas comparativamente, tendo como enfoque as estruturas da genitália do macho: falosoma (Ph), suporte do falosoma (SPh), processo do endosoma (PrEn), vesica (V) e aparelho articular (Apb). As estruturas fálicas se mostraram capazes de serem usadas como critério morfológico suplementar aos padrões atualmente usados, em taxonomia. Estas espécies silvestres são encontradas nos Estados Unidos e México, naturalmente infectadas pelo T. cruzi; algumas vivem no perdomicílio e outras eventualmente no domicílio, sem contudo colonizá-lo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Fau, M. Teresa. "Hèracles, Hilas i un Bisbe mexicà." Anuari de Filologia. Antiqua et Mediaeualia 2, no. 9 (March 5, 2020): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/afam2019.9.2.6.

Full text

Abstract:

Ignacio Montes de Oca, bisbe mexicà que en cercles culturals es feia dir “Ipandro Acaico”, emprengué, al segle XIX, la traducció de diversos poetes bucòlics grecs. Ho féu, però, profundament influït per la seva condició d’eclesiàstic, que l’induí a suprimir i a modificar passatges de manera significativa. La nostra comunicació pren com a exemple il·lustratiu la traducció de l’Idil·li XIII de Teòcrit, en la qual el bisbe converteix Hilas, el noi estimat per Hèracles, en el seu fill. Tot seguit presentem altres casos de manipulació semblants i els situem en el context moralitzador (no exclusiu del segle XIX) que tan profundament alterà la lectura de certs autors clàssics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Tückmantel, H. J. "Die Bedeutung des Kriechfaktors in den Normen zur Flanschberechnung EN 1591 und prEN 13555." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 74, no. 6 (June 2002): 833–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-2640(200206)74:6<833::aid-cite833>3.0.co;2-w.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Gensel, B., D. Hosser, and G. Brockmann. "prEN 206 - Nachweis der Konformität der Druckfestigkeit für den Transportbeton oder für das Bauwerk." Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 91, no. 10 (October 1996): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/best.199600430.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Jäger, Wolfram, and Mike Thieme. "Bemessung von horizontal beanspruchtem Mauerwerk nach prEN 1996-1-1 mit Hilfe modifizierter Momentenverteilungszahlen." Mauerwerk 9, no. 1 (February 2005): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dama.200590017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Mannebeck, D., and H. Mannebeck. "Interlaboratory comparison of dynamic olfactometry in Central Europe 2000." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 9 (November 1, 2001): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0501.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents the results of an interlaboratory comparison (ringtest) on olfactometry with 31 participants from four countries in Central Europe. The aim was to give evidence of the performance of dynamic olfactometry on the basis of the European Standard prEN 13725 (Draft) “Determination of odour concentration with dynamic olfactometry”. The test included the analysis of three individual substances (n-butanol, hydrogen sulphide, tetrahydrothiophen) as well as a natural odour mixture (coffee flavour) to compare mean values and the standard deviations of results for the investigated samples. It was confirmed that laboratories working in compliance with the requirements of the new standard achieve a significantly better repeatability and reproducibility than those that are not compliant.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Trigui, I., H. Sidhom, C. Braham, and J. Lédion. "La corrosion par piqûres d'aciers inoxydables austéno-ferritiques dans l'eau de mer synthétique." Matériaux & Techniques 84 (1996): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/199684060023s.

Full text

Abstract:

Duplex stainless steels crevice and pitting corrosion resistance in synthetic sea water is studied. Conventional electrochemical tests and image analysis techniques are used. Three commercial steels are examined. The forged material has the best behaviour, whereas cast materials, in spite of their high nitrogen contents, have a lower corrosion resistance. Micrographic studies show a good correlation between pittings distribution and inclusions distribution and reveal that gamma phase behaviour is more affected by inclusions. The metallurgic purity of products seems to be the most important parameter in this type of corrosion. Consequently, the PREN index is questionable in pitting corrosion grading of these steels because it does not take into acount the inclusions effect.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Rivera, Matthew, Lindsey Eberman, Kenneth Games, and Cameron J. Powden. "Comparison of Myofascial Release Techniques on Pectoralis Minor Length, Glenohumeral Total Arc of Motion, and Skin Temperature: A Pilot Study." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0130.

Full text

Abstract:

Context: The pectoralis minor (PM) is an important postural muscle that may benefit from myofascial techniques, such as Graston Technique® (GT) and self-myofascial release (SMR). Objective: To examine the effects of GT and SMR on PM length, glenohumeral total arc of motion (TAM), and skin temperature. Design: Cohort. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: Twenty-six healthy participants (19 females and 7 males; age = 20.9 [2.24] y, height = 170.52 [8.66] cm, and weight = 72.45 [12.32] kg) with PM length restriction participated. Interventions: Participants were randomized to the intervention groups (GT = 12 and SMR = 14). GT and SMR interventions were both applied for a total of 5 minutes during each of the 3 treatment sessions. Main Outcome Measures: PM length, TAM, and skin temperature were collected before and after each intervention session (Pre1, Post1, Pre2, Post2, Pre3, and Post3) and at 1-week follow-up (follow-up). Separate intervention by time analyses of variance examined differences for each outcomes measure. Bonferroni post hoc analyses were completed when indicated. Significance was set a priori at P ≤ .05. Results: No significant intervention by time interactions were identified for PM length, TAM, or temperature (P > .05). No significant intervention main effects were identified for PM length (P > .05), TAM (P > .05), or temperature (P > .05) between the GT or SMR technique groups. Overall, time main effects were found for PM length (P = .02) and temperature (P < .001). Post hoc analysis showed a significant increase in PM length for both intervention groups at follow-up (P = .03) compared with Post2. Furthermore, there were significant increases in temperature at Post1 (P < .001), Post2 (P = .01), and Post3 (P < .001) compared with Pre1; Post2 was increased compared with Pre2 (P = .003), Pre3 (P < .001), and follow-up (P = .01); Post3 increased compared with Pre3 (P = .01) and follow-up (P = .01). Conclusion: Serial application of GT and SMR to the PM did not result in increases in PM length or TAM. Regardless of intervention, skin temperature increased following each intervention.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Liu, Shuang, Chaohua Yue, Xi Chen, Qiuhua Zhu, and Yiyou Tu. "Pitting Corrosion Resistance on Annealing Treated Super Duplex Stainless Steel S32750." Crystals 10, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10040294.

Full text

Abstract:

The pitting corrosion resistance of S32750 super duplex stainless steel, annealing treated at temperatures of 950–1200 °C for 20–60 min, was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization tests. The results show that the volume fractions of ferrite in the S32750 duplex stainless steel increased from 48.9% to 68.4% as annealing temperatures increased from 950 to 1200 °C. The pitting potential of the sample increased first and then decreased from an annealing temperature of 950 to 1050 °C, and the highest pitting potential was observed after annealing at 1050 °C for 35 min. The pitting corrosion resistance of S32750 stainless steel is due to the combination of pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) value, phase fraction and grain boundary area fraction, and the imbalance of corrosion potential.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

AASS, H., T. SKOMEDAL, and J. OSNES. "The partial β-agonist prenalterol (PREN) increases both free and bound cAMP in rat myocardium." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 17 (1985): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2828(85)80301-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Kampf, Günter, and Christiane Ostermeyer. "Influence of Applied Volume on Efficacy of 3-Minute Surgical Reference Disinfection Method prEN 12791." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 12 (December 2004): 7066–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.12.7066-7069.2004.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT For assessment of the efficacy of surgical hand disinfection, European reference method prEN 12791 prescribes that the hands must be kept wet with the reference alcohol for 3 min regardless of the applied volume. The aim of this study was to determine whether the applied volume of the reference disinfectant n-propanol (60%, vol/vol) influences the effect on the resident hand flora. Ten experiments with 200 reference disinfections were analyzed. Hands were washed for 1 min with soap. The bacterial prevalue was obtained by rubbing fingertips in tryptic soy broth for 1 min. After this, each subject treated the hands with n-propanol (60%, vol/vol) by using as many portions as necessary to keep hands wet for a total of 3 min. Bacterial postvalues (immediate effect) were obtained for one hand, and the other hand was gloved for 3 h. After the gloves were taken off, a second postvalue was obtained (sustained effect). Most surgical reference disinfections (73%) were achieved with 9 ml of the reference alcohol, followed by 12 ml (24%) and 6 ml (3%). There was no significant difference between the mean log10 reduction values for the three treatment groups, both in terms of the immediate effect (P = 0.333, as determined by analysis of variance) and in terms of the sustained effect (P = 0.442). A higher number of portions did not correlate with a higher reduction factor (for immediate effect, Pearson's correlation coefficient = −0.028 [P = 0.689]; for sustained effect, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.059 [P = 0.404]). If the hands were kept wet with the reference alcohol for the total application time, the applied volume could vary, but this did not alter the efficacy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Caluscio Dos Santos, Daniella, Isabelle Monfrinatti Macarrão, and Rodrigo Magnabosco. "Relation Between Pitting Potential and PREN Values for Ferrite and Austenite in Duplex Stainless Steels." BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte 165, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00501-019-00925-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Agüero, Antonio, Ivan Baláž, Yvona Koleková, and Pedro Martin. "Assessment of in-Plane Behavior of Metal Compressed Members with Equivalent Geometrical Imperfection." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 8174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228174.

Full text

Abstract:

A new procedure was presented with the objective of proving that it is the generalization of current attempts in designing compressed members and structures which is able to solve cases where other authors have problems. It is the further development of the former methods published by Chladný, Baláž, Agüero et al., which are based on the shape of the elastic critical buckling mode of the structure. Chladný’s method was accepted by CEN/TC 250 working groups creating Eurocodes. Both current Eurocodes EN 1993-1-1:2005 and EN 1999-1-1:2007 in their clauses 5.3.2(11) enable applying the geometrical equivalent unique global and local initial (UGLI) imperfection. The imperfection has the shape of the elastic critical buckling mode with amplitude defined in 5.3.2(11). UGLI imperfection is an alternative to the global sway and local bow initial imperfections defined in 5.3.2(3) and to the imperfections described in the clause 5.3.2(6). The determination of the location and value of UGLI imperfection proved to be onerous by some authors, especially in cases of members with variable cross-sections or/and axial forces. The paper also provides for special cases a procedure to detect the critical cross-section along the member which is defined as the one in which the utilization factor obtains maximum values. The new approach is validated by the investigation of five complex structures made of steel and one made of aluminum alloy solved by other authors. Comparisons of the results with those of other authors and with the Geometrically and Materially Nonlinear Analysis with Imperfections (GMNIA) results showed very good agreements with negligible differences. The information concerning the differences between current Eurocodes EN 1993-1-1:2005 and EN 1999-1-1:2007 is provided. Working drafts of Eurocodes of new generation prEN 1993-1-1:2020 and prEN 1999-1-1:2020 are also commented on.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Merighi, Massimo, Amanda Carroll-Portillo, Alecia N. Septer, Aditi Bhatiya, and John S. Gunn. "Role of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Two-Component System PreA/PreB in Modulating PmrA-Regulated Gene Transcription." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.188.1.141-149.2006.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The PmrA/PmrB two-component system encoded by the pmrCAB operon regulates the modification of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lipopolysaccharide leading to polymyxin B resistance. PmrA and PhoP are the only known activators of pmrCAB. A transposon mutagenesis screen for additional regulators of a pmrC::MudJ fusion led to the identification of a two-component system, termed PreA/PreB (pmrCAB regulators A and B), that controls the transcription of the pmrCAB operon in response to unknown signals. The initial observations indicated that insertions in, or a deletion of, the preB sensor, but not the preA response regulator, caused upregulation of pmrCAB. Interestingly, the expression of pmrCAB was not upregulated in a preAB mutant grown in LB broth, implicating PreA in the increased expression of pmrCAB in the preB strain. This was confirmed by overexpression of preA + in preAB or preB backgrounds, which resulted in significant upregulation or further upregulation of pmrCAB. No such effect was observed in any tested preB + backgrounds. Additionally, an ectopic construct expressing a preA[D51A] allele also failed to upregulate pmrC in any of the pre backgrounds tested, which implies that there is a need for phosphorylation in the activation of the target genes. The observed upregulation of pmrCAB occurred independently of the response regulators PmrA and PhoP. Although a preB mutation led to increased transcription of pmrCAB, this did not result in a measurable effect on polymyxin B resistance. Our genetic data support a model of regulation whereby, in response to unknown signals, the PreB sensor activates PreA, which in turn indirectly upregulates pmrCAB transcription.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Vítková, M., V. Ettler, O. Šebek, and M. Mihaljevič. "Metal-contaminant leaching from lead smelter fly ash using pH-stat experiments." Mineralogical Magazine 72, no. 1 (February 2008): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.521.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractFly ash from secondary Pb metallurgy was submitted to the pH-static leaching procedure according to the PrEN 14997 European leaching standard. The 48 h pH-static leaching experiments were performed on (1) fresh untreated fly ash and (2) previously washed fly ash with a cumulative wash step of 60 l kg-1. Greater release ofmetallic contaminants (Pb, Cd, Zn) was observed in the acidic pH range for both ashes. Washing significantly reduced the release of Cd and Zn, but greater concentrations of Pb were observed in leachates from washed fly ash due to the more important leaching of anglesite (PbSO4). The PHREEQC-2 speciation-solubility calculations showed that anglesite, phosgenite (PbCl2·PbCO3) and laurionite (Pb(OH)Cl) are the most important solubility-controlling phases for Pb, which is the most important contaminant.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Vignal, V., C. Voltz, S. Thiébaut, M. Demésy, O. Heintz, and S. Guerraz. "Pitting Corrosion of Type 316L Stainless Steel Elaborated by the Selective Laser Melting Method: Influence of Microstructure." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 30, no. 7 (March 17, 2021): 5050–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05621-7.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe microstructure of two sets of 316L alloys (SLM and wrought structure) is determined using SPECTROMAXx stationary metal analyzer, FE-SEM/EDS and XRD. The physical–chemical properties of the passive films are also investigated by means of XPS, Auger after sputtering and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Differences and similarities between the two sets of alloys are then identified. The corrosion behavior of alloys is investigated in NaCl solution at the macro- and microscale (microcapillary technique). It was found that the inclusion/particles cleanliness is the first-order parameter explaining differences between 316L(WS) and 316L(SLM). In the absence of particles (pure matrix), the two sets of alloys have the same corrosion behavior. Residual stresses, the average grain size, the PREN and the passive films properties are of second order.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Schlundt, Andreas. "Die europäische Normung von Kalksandsteinen in prEN 771-2:2013 mit Blick auf die neue Bauproduktenverordnung." Mauerwerk 17, no. 3 (June 2013): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dama.201300574.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Woelk, Eva, Peter Goroncy-Bermes, and Wolfgang Sand. "Influence of Storage on Monodispersed Cells of Mycobacterium terrae Used for Quantitative Carrier Test prEN 14563." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 11 (November 2003): 6932–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.11.6932-6934.2003.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The degree of cell clumping increased with time of storage (1% cell clumps immediately after homogenization and 3 and 6.5% after 48 and 96 h of storage, respectively), and the number of living single cells decreased. Quantitative carrier tests were carried out with these cells using ortho-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and coco fatty aminoxethylate as biocides. In contrast to OPA, with coco fatty aminoxethylate the reductions obtained with freshly homogenized mycobacteria were significantly higher (P = 0.02) than those obtained with mycobacteria kept in the refrigerator for 4 days. Therefore, it is advisable to prepare the test suspension freshly for each test.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Casas-Deseures, Mariona, Carme Durán, and Xavier Fontich. "La construcció del coneixement gramatical en aprenents d’educació primària i secundària: algunes aproximacions a l’aprenentatge del verb." Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia, no. 63 (December 1, 2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/caplletra.63.10396.

Full text

Abstract:

El verb és una de les categories que una gramàtica escolar ha d’abordar necessàriament, tant pel que fa al coneixement de la noció i de la seva relació amb altres categories, com per la funció fonamental que pren en l’escriptura. En aquest article presentem tres recerques que descriuen el procés d’aprenentatge que els alumnes de primària i de secundària segueixen a l’hora d’aprendre continguts vinculats amb el verb: el temps del present, el mode verbal i la complementació verbal. Aquests treballs mostren quines estratègies desenvolupen els aprenents i quins obstacles han d’afrontar per desenvolupar un raonament gramatical. Dels estudis es desprèn que determinades intervencions didàctiques (basades en la interacció, entre iguals i amb el suport del docent i l’escriptura) afavoreixen el desenvolupament d’activitat metalingüística i que aquesta activitat pot ajudar a connectar el saber gramatical amb els usos lingüístics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Wichan, Chuaiphan, and Srijaroenpramong Loeshpahn. "Effect of Filler Alloy on Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour of Dissimilar Weldment between Aisi 201 Stainless Steel and Low Carbon Steel Sheets Produced by a Gas Tungsten Arc Welding." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.808.

Full text

Abstract:

The joining of austenitic stainless steel (AISI 201) to low carbon steel sheets (CS) was attempted by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) with four types of consumables. The studied consumables were ER308L, ER309L, ER316L stainless steel wires, and AWS A5.18 carbon steel wire. The welding parameters – i.e. the current of 90 A and the welding speed of 62 mm.min-1 – were fixed in all welding operations. The microstructure of weld metal produced by stainless steel consumables consisted of delta ferrite in austenite matrix. The delta ferrite in the form of continuous dendrite was observed in weld metals produced by 308L and 309L fillers. The dendrite of delta ferrite was relatively discontinuous in weld metal produced by 316L filler. The microstructure of weld metal produced by carbon steel filler consisted of equiaxed ferrite and pearlite, similar to that of carbon steel. The corrosion behavior of weld metal was investigated by potentiodynamic method. Specimens were tested in 0.35-wt% NaCl solution saturated by laboratory air at 27°C. It was found that the corrosion potential of weld metal produced by carbon steel filler was considerably lower than those of AISI 201 base metal and weld metals welded using stainless steel consumables. Weld metals produced by stainless steel fillers –308L,309L and316L– exhibited the similar corrosion potentials as that of 201 base metal. The pitting potentials of weld metals produced by 309L, 316L fillers were higher than those of 201 base metal and weld metal produced by 308L filler respectively. It was discussed that the increase of Cr content in weld metals by using 309L filler contained with 24.791 wt% of Cr, or the addition of Cr and Mo in weld metals by using 316L filler contained with 21.347 wt% of Cr and 2 wt% of Mo, promoted the pitting corrosion resistance of weld metal to be comparable with that of Fe-17Cr-3Ni (201) base metal. An emission spectroscopy was applied to quantify the amount of elements in weld metals. By considering the contents of Cr and Mo, the pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) of each weld metal was calculated. The discussion of the corrosion resistance of weld metals related to PREN and microstructure was made in the paper.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Keenan, Edward L., and Cecile Manorohanta. "Malagasy clause structure and language acquisition." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 34 (January 1, 2004): 178–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.34.2004.211.

Full text

Abstract:

We argue that Malagasy (and related W. Austronesian languages!) has a positive setting for a macro-parameter RICH VOICE MORPHOLOGY which builds complex predicates that code the theta role of their argument: S = [[PreN(6) + (X)] + DP]. Manifestations of this parameter are: (1) Case and theta role are assigned in situ in nuclear clauses with no movement or co-indexing to a topic position. (2) Relative Clauses (and other "extraction" structures) satisfy the "Subjects Only" constraint, again with no movement or indexing. (3) UTAH is freely violated, as theta role assignment derives from compositional semantic interpretation. Predicates resemble lexical Ns in assigning case directly to arguments without using Prepositions and in combining directly with Dets to form DPs that include tense and negation (Keenan 1995, 2000). The major Predicate-Argument type is modeled on the Noun+Possessor one, not the Verb+Object one.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Ghotbi, Elnaz, Kristina Lackey, Vicki Wong, Katie T. Thompson, Evan G. Caston, Minna Haddadi, Judith Benes, and Richard S. Jones. "Differential Contributions of DNA-Binding Proteins to Polycomb Response Element Activity at the Drosophila giant Gene." Genetics 214, no. 3 (January 9, 2020): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.119.302981.

Full text

Abstract:

Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins are evolutionarily conserved epigenetic regulators whose primary function is to maintain the transcriptional repression of target genes. Recruitment of Drosophila melanogaster PcG proteins to target genes requires the presence of one or more Polycomb Response Elements (PREs). The functions or necessity for more than one PRE at a gene are not clear and individual PREs at some loci may have distinct regulatory roles. Various combinations of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins are present at a given PRE, but only Pleiohomeotic (Pho) is present at all strong PREs. The giant (gt) locus has two PREs, a proximal PRE1 and a distal PRE2. During early embryonic development, Pho binds to PRE1 ∼30-min prior to stable binding to PRE2. This observation indicated a possible dependence of PRE2 on PRE1 for PcG recruitment; however, we find here that PRE2 recruits PcG proteins and maintains transcriptional repression independently of Pho binding to PRE1. Pho-like (Phol) is partially redundant with Pho during larval development and binds to the same DNA sequences in vitro. Although binding of Pho to PRE1 is dependent on the presence of consensus Pho-Phol-binding sites, Phol binding is less so and appears to play a minimal role in recruiting other PcG proteins to gt. Another PRE-binding protein, Sp1/Kruppel-like factor, is dependent on the presence of Pho for PRE1 binding. Further, we show that, in addition to silencing gene expression, PcG proteins dampen transcription of an active gene.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!