Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prenuptial'

On divorce, the court determines how spouses' property is divided. If couples want to make this determination for themselves, entering a prenuptial agreement is one way of doing so. Yet whilst prenuptial agreements give couples the right to make autonomous decisions, this does not necessarily mean both parties have actually exercised their autonomy. Drawing on data from a study on practitioners' experiences of prenuptial agreements in New York, this thesis will show t hat prenuptial agreements are fraught with issues of power and autonomy, and that these issues are not always recognised by the court. The free choice of parties to a prenuptial agreement is often presumed, while the complexity of the parties' relationship is ignored. In order to address the analytical weaknesses inherent in the current judicial approach to prenuptial agreements, as articulated in Radmacher v Granatino [2010J UKSC 42, the theoretical framework employed in this thesis will consider feminist and contractual perspectives. An aim of this framework is to produce a more nuanced understanding of the autonomy experienced and exercised by parties entering into prenuptial agreements. Furthermore, this theoretical approach aims to expose power imbalances, particularly along gender lines, which other perspectives on prenuptial agreements overlook. Finally, this thesis will explore how the court might address concerns with power and autonomy during the drafting and enforcement processes of prenuptial agreements, in a way which appreciates the relationship between the parties, thus providing a more convincing approach to the role that prenups can play in the judicial allocation of spousal property on the breakdown of marriage.

The number of multi-million dollar divorce settlements has been increasing rapidly in the last decade. Although Donald Trump's divorce from his first wife, Ivana, wherein $25 million was awarded to the former spouse, may have seemed like a significant sum in 1992, this amount appears quite minuscule today.1 In December of 2011, Mel Gibson's soon to be ex-wife Robyn Moore received $425 million in the couples' divorce settlement.2 In March of 2012, Frank McCourt was forced to sell his professional franchise, the Los Angeles Dodgers, in bankruptcy during his divorce proceedings with Jamie McCourt.3 It seems as if every month we hear details of another celebrity divorce settlement involving hundreds of millions of dollars, begging the obvious question: do athletes and celebrities who stand to make fortunes during a contemplated marriage, need to be more aware of the consequences of divorce and how to better protect themselves in such a case, before repeating the words "I do"? 1 Joanne Kaufman, "The Art of the Divorce," People,http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,20105577,00.html (accessed April 19, 2012). 2 Ken Lee, "Mel Gibson's Ex Wife Takes Half His Estimated $850 Million in Divorce Settlement," People, http://www.people.com/people/article/0,20556666,00.html (accessed April 19, 2012). 3 Stephen Dunn, "Why the McCourt Marital Agreement Failed," Forbes,http://www.forbes.com/sites/stephendunn/2011/12/14/why-the-mccourt-marital-agreement-failed/ (accessed April 19, 2012).

Includes bibliographic references.
This research develops a pro-poor prenuptial agreement as an innovative land tenure tool to secure rights in urban subsidized housing. The model tested is confined to prenuptial agreements under the Marriage Act, but is relevant to other cohabitation or marital agreements that could be used to secure social tenure arising from intimate relationships. The model aims at securing the tenure of the entire household, in particular the more vulnerable members of the household. The research focuses on urban State -subsidized housing, with an emphasis on the Western Cape, South Africa. This housing is transferred to beneficiaries by registration of individual or co-ownership at the Deeds Registry, with the title deeds public documents. While prenuptial agreements are not usually regarded as a land tenure tool, the fact that they are also public documents registered at the Deeds Office makes them pertinent. A limited dataset of recent academic writing is analysed to identify the social context of household conflict and tenure insecurity, and existing legal template clauses assessed. The prenuptial template design is predicated on current tenure approaches that regard informal practices as equally relevant for the poor's tenure security as the formal law. The template uses various strategies to manage tenure insecurity arising from the death of an owner, disputes, or threatened eviction of dependents. It also aims to ensure that diverse normative beliefs are respected, particularly African normative systems. A personal servitude is used to secure housing tenure as a real right burdening the land, making this a very secure right. In addition the template includes a succession agreement and dispute resolution mechanisms. The template model is tested on clients simulated by re-storying the facts of two seminal Constitutional Court cases and a recent case study of another researcher. Focus groups are held with housing beneficiaries and interviews with housing officials, as a preliminary test of the private and public reception of such agreements. The need for legal aid is discussed. The research makes clear that cohabitation and marital agreements can be used to secure overlapping land rights that the ownership paradigm does not currently protect.

Nothing much has changed in the Law of Family in Peru. The main doctrine argues that it is not possible to make agreements between spouses on non-economic aspects of their relationships or their duties with their children, even when they could make decisionsin a more convenient way.In the article, the author argues that it is desirable to relax the rules on agreements between spouses or prospective spouses to regulate their rights during marriage or the benefits and obligations of each one in case they end their marriage. In that way, the author alludes to the figures of prenuptial and marital agreements present in American reality.
Poco ha cambiado en el Derecho de Familiaen el Perú. La doctrina mayoritaria sostiene que no es posible realizar acuerdos entre es-posos sobre aspectos no patrimoniales de susrelaciones o de sus deberes ante los hijos, auncuando se podrían adoptar decisiones de unaforma más conveniente.En el artículo, el autor sostiene que es conveniente flexibilizar las normas sobre los acuer- dos entre futuros cónyuges o esposos para regular sus derechos durante el matrimonio o los beneficios y obligaciones de cada uno de ellos en caso concluya la unión matrimonial por cualquier razón. Para ello, hace alusión a las figuras de los acuerdos premaritales y maritales presentes en la realidad estadounidense.

The aim of this thesis is the interpretation of current legislation of community property in the context of business activities of one or both spouses. After the review of current legislation, the theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the community property - its definition, creation, modification and termination. The theoretical part also focuses on the prenuptial agreement - its definition, requirements, conditions for entering into and its current popularity. The practical part of this thesis then introduces two real model situations illustrating issues concerning prenuptial agreements, where one or both newlyweds are entrepreneurs.

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The property regime chosen to apply between spouses implies several consequences in the administration of property and family relations ships. This study is primarily designed to evaluate the elements and conjecture economic, legal and social legislation that led to the country to choose the regime of partial community property as statutory or supplementary, applied to situations where the spouses do not realize deed of prenuptial agreement with arrangements other than marriage set to take effect. The agreament of comparative law, in this narrow way, appears as a necessary tool for understanding the legislative option. Reflections on the historical evolution of the institute and the intense debates taking place in the doctrine and case law after the enactment of Law 6515 of December 26, 1977, also assist in the task of making more effective the analysis desired. The study of property regime is a tool to solve increasingly intricate issues, raised by the continuous evolution of the world and busnises a society increasingly multiple relationships, goals and interests
O regime patrimonial escolhido para vigorar entre os cônjuges implica inúmeras consequências na administração dos bens e nas relações familiares do casal. O presente estudo tem por finalidade precípua avaliar os elementos e conjecturas econômicas, jurídicas e sociais que levaram a legislação pátria a optar pelo regime da comunhão parcial de bens como regime legal ou supletivo, aplicado às situações em que os nubentes não realizam escritura de pacto antenupcial com regime diverso do estabelecido para vigorar no casamento. A abordagem de direito comparado, nesse caminho estreito, aparece como ferramenta necessária para a compreensão da opção legislativa. Reflexões acerca da evolução histórica do instituto e dos intensos debates promovidos na doutrina e na jurisprudência após a edição da Lei 6515, de 26 de dezembro de 1977, também auxiliam na tarefa de tornar mais efetiva a análise pretendida. O estudo do regime patrimonial é ferramenta para a resolução de questões cada vez mais intrincadas, suscitadas pela contínua evolução do mundo negocial e por uma sociedade cada vez mais múltipla de relacionamentos, objetivos e interesses

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo desse trabalho consiste em analisar o debate de cunho eugenista acerca da adoção do exame médico pré-nupcial ocorrido nos meios ligados à medicina e às práticas sanitárias no Brasil, nas primeiras décadas do século XX. A medicina social, baseada em doutrinas higienistas e eugenistas, buscou intervir mais diretamente no cotidiano da população, estabelecendo normas de conduta, sob o pretexto de prevenir moléstias e epidemias. O exame pré-nupcial foi um dos aspectos desta orientação mais ampla. Sua realização era defendida por médicos que pretendiam impedir ou adiar casamentos quando um dos nubentes apresentasse alguma doença ou fatores considerados degenerativos, sempre orientados por supostas medidas preventivas imprescindíveis ao que acreditavam ser o aprimoramento racial. Observando que discurso eugênico classificou determinados indivíduos como inferiores e pretendia impedir a reprodução destes, esta pesquisa busca compreender em que medida a questão da raça esteve presente na proposta de intervenção matrimonial. Tomando como referência a noção de discurso como um conjunto de regras adequado à sua prática, constituído por conflitos e tensões internas, procura-se demonstrar como os eugenistas tentaram impor seu saber à sociedade, ou seja, quais eram suas motivações para transformar o exame pré-nupcial em uma lei aplicável em todo o país. Analisa-se ainda as controvérsias e objeções reclamadas por seus críticos, notando como estas e a própria realidade do país contribuíram para que determinadas políticas eugênicas não fossem adotadas, a exemplo da obrigatoriedade do exame pré-nupcial.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the eugenicist medical discourse about the premarital medical examination occurred in the medical environment and the sanitary practices in Brazil, in the early decades of the twentieth century. The social medicine, based on the hygienist and eugenicist doctrines, would intervene in the daily basis of the population by establishing standards of conduct, intending to prevent diseases and epidemics. The prenuptial exam was one of the aspects of this wider orientation. The defense of its realization, gathered doctors who could prevent or postpone marriages when one of the spouses had any disease, always guided by supposed preventive and necessary measures concerning what they believed to be a racial enhancement. Noticing that the eugenic speech classified some people as inferior and it was supposed to stop their reproduction, this research aims to understand in which measure the question about race was present in the proposal of matrimonial intervention. Taking as a reference the notion of the discourse as a group of rules appropriate to its practice, constituted by conflicts and intern tensions, we are going to show how the doctors tried to impose their knowledge to society, in other words, what were their motivations to transform the premarital examination in an applicable law in all over the country. It also analyzes the controversies and objections claimed by the critics, noting how these and the reality of the country contributed to the fact that certain eugenic policies were not adopted, such as the compulsory prenuptial examination.
15/08002-8

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This study focuses the Pre Nuptial Agreement, analyzing the formalities required for its elaboration, as well as, the legal aspects and possibilities of its content, emphasizing the prevention against litigation that the institute can offer, which is currently not much explored in the national scenery. This work studies the legal business elaborated by the spouses before they get married institutes rules, mainly on the future family s patrimony. It regards and presents the legal nature of the pre nuptial agreement, and focuses the importance of such agreement as a tool to prevent disputes in the ambit of family law, presenting its legal and social usefulness. This study also debates forms for the optimization of the use of this tool. This study details the formal elements indispensable to any pre nuptial agreement, as well as the doctrinaire and jurisprudential views on the agreement content. This work also demonstrates a brief background of family and marriage in order to make the understanding of its main subject easier. It presents a number of types of property rulings, how they are dealt with in the Brazilian legal system and their correlation with the pre nuptial agreement. The study also explores examples of provisions that may be set forth in clauses of pre nuptial agreements, both in the patrimonial and extra-patrimonial ambits. It points out polemic matters related to the pre nuptial agreements, debating hypothesis of solution for each of them. Furthermore, it presents the effect of the pre nuptial agreement in private international law and the hypothesis of invalidity of pre nuptial conventions
O presente trabalho aborda o Pacto Antenupcial, analisando as formalidades exigidas para sua elaboração, bem como os aspectos e possibilidades jurídicas do seu conteúdo, enfatizando a função preventiva a litígios que o instituto pode oferecer, atualmente pouco explorado no cenário nacional. Explora o negócio jurídico elaborado pelos nubentes antes do casamento que institui regras especialmente sobre o patrimônio da futura família. Conceitua e apresenta a natureza jurídica do pacto antenupcial, e foca a importância do pacto como ferramenta de prevenção de conflitos no âmbito do direito de família, apresentando sua utilidade jurídica e social. Também debate formas para a otimização do uso dessa ferramenta. Detalha os elementos formais indispensáveis a qualquer pacto pré-nupcial, bem como apresenta exemplos e o enfoque doutrinário e jurisprudencial sobre o conteúdo dos pactos. Demonstra uma breve evolução histórica da família e do casamento visando auxiliar o entendimento do tema principal. Apresenta as diversas espécies de regimes de bens, seu tratamento no ordenamento jurídico nacional e a correlação com o pacto antenupcial. Explora exemplos de conteúdo clausulares que os pactos podem conter, tanto no âmbito patrimonial, quanto no extra-patrimonial. Aponta questões polêmicas relativas aos pactos, debatendo hipóteses de solução a cada uma delas. Ademais, apresenta a repercussão do pacto antenupcial no direito internacional privado e as hipóteses de invalidade das convenções pré-nupciais

Les orientations récentes de l’ordre public international en droit patrimonial de la famille invitent à se demander s’il existe réellement un ordre public international spécifique au droit patrimonial de la famille ; et plus encore, si l’on peut même parler « d’ordre public » en la matière. L’ordre public international s’attache en effet essentiellement aujourd’hui à protéger les intérêts privés, à défendre l’individu au sein de la famille, plutôt que la famille en elle-même. La construction européenne, entre autres, explique sans doute cette conception resserrée sur les droits fondamentaux de l’individu. La notion d’ordre public international peut être perçue comme un frein à la construction d'une entité supranationale, parce qu'elle autorise des valeurs impératives différentes, propres à chaque pays, qui nuisent à l'unité recherchée. Pour mieux circuler, il semble qu’il faille assouplir les principes du for, et donc rétrécir le contenu de l’ordre public international. Mais à force d’assouplir l’ordre public, ne le vide-t-on pas de sa substance ? Comment dès lors concilier liberté de circulation et préservation de nos principes et valeurs ? L’objet de la thèse est de démontrer que, contrairement aux apparences, l’ordre public international n’est pas forcément un frein à l’harmonie internationale. Une concorde peut s’opérer entre les différents principes fondateurs du droit patrimonial de la famille, et l’harmonie peut être trouvée dans la mise en œuvre même du mécanisme d’ordre public international, à travers la relativisation de son application
The recent developments in the domain of international public policy regarding patrimonial family law forces us to wonder if there really exists such a specific concept within patrimonial family law. Nowadays, international public policy seems to address and protect private interests and defend the individual within the family instead of protecting the family as whole. The European integration, amongst other events, explains this conception which is focused on fundamental individual rights. This leads the international public policy notion to be viewed as hindering the development of a supranational entity, given it authorizes a wide variety of values specific to each particular country, which goes against and impedes the intended harmonized unity. With this in mind, for better European flow and mobility, we are confronted with the necessity to loosen general local principals and therefore lessen the application of an international public policy. Nevertheless, by following this path of loosening international public policy don’t we undermine the foundation of its own existence? How can we reconcile freedom of movement with the preservation of our values and principles? The main objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that, contrary to appearance, international public policy is not necessarily a hurdle to international harmony but can be forged to bolster unity and coherence. In order to achieve harmony and consistency we should seek first an alignment between the various founding principles of patrimonial family law followed by a particular mechanism of application that puts into perspective the public policy exception itself

碩士
國立成功大學
法律學系
102
According to the chart1 of statistics of marriage and divorce, which was counted by Ministry of the Interior. In 1981, there were 167,496 pairs of married population in Taiwan, but also 14,884 people who divorced; and in 2012, there were 143,384 pairs of married population, but also 55,980 people who divorced, the population of divorce increase quickly. The information shows that Taiwan's divorce rate is the highest in Asia. Two of the most difficult things in divorce are how to separate money and who has the tending right, both of them should be faced and studied. The thesis will focus on “money”-that the marriage property regime, exclude the best interest of the child, and attempt to discuss whether our law is reasonable or not with the empirical data.

Matrimonial property agreements Abstract The diploma thesis deals with marital property regimes, which are regulated by the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code. The thesis is focused on the three main areas of the problematics. The first area represents a legal regulation of the common property of the spouses, i.e. the statutory matrimonial property regime, the regime, by which marital property relations are regulated, unless a married couple, resp. spouses adjust these relations differently from the law. The second area of interest is a detailed analysis of a legal regulation of property relations of spouses on the basis of a contract, either before or during the marriage, i.e. the contractual regime. The third area examines the matrimonial property regime established by a court decision. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the view of the Dutch matrimonial property law in comparison with the Czech legislation. With regard to the Czech property law of spouses the thesis may result in a de lege ferenda consideration Key words: matrimonial property law, matrimonial property regime, prenuptial agreement.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
A presente dissertação dedica-se ao estudo da renúncia recíproca dos cônjuges àcondição de herdeiro legitimário em convenção antenupcial, cuja possibilidade foiintroduzida pela Lei n.º 48/2018, de 14 de Agosto. Assim sendo, torna-se relevantecompreender os temas sobre os quais a alteração legislativa pode ter implicações, como asucessão legitimária, o casamento e as convenções antenupciais bem como a posiçãosucessória do cônjuge sobrevivo. Percorrido este caminho, proceder-se-á a uma análise dajá referida Lei, nomeadamente quanto aos requisitos que impõe para o acesso à renúncia àcondição de herdeiro legitimário assim como relativamente às especificidades contidas noseu regime. Por último, estarão reunidas as condições para fazer uma avaliação da Lei n.º48/2018, de 14 de Agosto e dos seus impactos no sistema sucessório português.A presente dissertação dedica-se ao estudo da renúncia recíproca dos cônjuges àcondição de herdeiro legitimário em convenção antenupcial, cuja possibilidade foiintroduzida pela Lei n.º 48/2018, de 14 de Agosto. Assim sendo, torna-se relevantecompreender os temas sobre os quais a alteração legislativa pode ter implicações, como asucessão legitimária, o casamento e as convenções antenupciais bem como a posiçãosucessória do cônjuge sobrevivo. Percorrido este caminho, proceder-se-á a uma análise dajá referida Lei, nomeadamente quanto aos requisitos que impõe para o acesso à renúncia àcondição de herdeiro legitimário assim como relativamente às especificidades contidas noseu regime. Por último, estarão reunidas as condições para fazer uma avaliação da Lei n.º48/2018, de 14 de Agosto e dos seus impactos no sistema sucessório português.
The present dissertation is dedicated to the study of the reciprocal renunciation tothe condition of legitimate heir by the spouses in the prenuptial agreement, possibility thatwas introduced by the Law no. 48/2018, August 14. This being so, it becomes relevant tounderstand the themes on which the legislative change may have implications, such as thelegitimate succession, marriage and prenuptial agreements as well as the survivingspouse’s position as a successor. Completed this journey, an analysis of the alreadymentioned Law will be carried out, in particular to what concerns the requirements itimposes to the access to the renunciation to the condition of legitimate heir as well as thespecificities contained in the regime. Finally, the conditions will be met to make anevaluation of the Law no. 48/2018, August 14 and its impacts on the Portuguese successionsystem.The present dissertation is dedicated to the study of the reciprocal renunciation tothe condition of legitimate heir by the spouses in the prenuptial agreement, possibility thatwas introduced by the Law no. 48/2018, August 14. This being so, it becomes relevant tounderstand the themes on which the legislative change may have implications, such as thelegitimate succession, marriage and prenuptial agreements as well as the survivingspouse’s position as a successor. Completed this journey, an analysis of the alreadymentioned Law will be carried out, in particular to what concerns the requirements itimposes to the access to the renunciation to the condition of legitimate heir as well as thespecificities contained in the regime. Finally, the conditions will be met to make anevaluation of the Law no. 48/2018, August 14 and its impacts on the Portuguese successionsystem.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
Com a celebração do casamento são produzidos uma série de efeitos – pessoais, patrimoniais e sucessórios – na esfera jurídica dos cônjuges. Antes de casar e com a recente Lei n.º 48/2018, é dada a possibilidade aos nubentes de – em convenção antenupcial e desde que adotando o regime da separação de bens – renunciar reciprocamente à posição de herdeiro legitimário um do outro, de forma a que aqueles efeitos sucessórios que habitualmente se fariam sentir, não existam. Esta dissertação, pretende analisar: o instituto do casamento, os regimes de bens, o estatuto do cônjuge sobrevivo ao longo dos tempos, o ordenamento jurídico de Macau que serviu de fonte de inspiração para esta novidade, e, por fim, mas não menos importante, a lei citada supra – estudando as novas possibilidades que desta advém, juntamente com os requisitos que têm de ser verificados mais os direitos que são atribuídos ao cônjuge supérstite que renunciou a esta condição. É verdade que o estatuto do cônjuge sobrevivo melhorou amplamente com a reforma civilista procedente do Decreto-Lei n.º 496/77 de 25 de novembro, passando este da quarta classe de sucessíveis para a primeira classe dos herdeiros legitimários, não sendo considerado na lista de herdeiros legitimário obrigados à colação – consequência da chamada “horizontalização do direito sucessório” – todavia, esta restruturação mostrou-se insuficientemente pois os tempos mudaram e as pessoas são cada vez mais independentes financeiramente, atendendo muito mais vezes às suas carreiras do que propriamente ao seu agregado familiar. Consideramos, ainda, que deveria ser abandonado o princípio da imutabilidade das convenções, de forma a que estes cônjuges pudessem renunciar a todo o tempo, havendo assim a possibilidade de adotar esta renúncia às circunstâncias da vida uma vez que nos parece pedir demasiadamente que esta renúncia tenha de ser feita obrigatoriamente antes do casamento, altura em que os nubentes não têm noção do que pode ou não ocorrer no futuro.
When a marriage is celebrated a series of personal, patrimonial, and legitimate succession effects take place on the spouses’ judicial sphere. According to the Law n.º 48/2018 to the intended spouses is given the possibility - provided a separations of property regime is adopted in the prenuptial agreement – of a reciprocal renunciation to their condition of legitimate/compulsory heirs, therefore invalidating the traditional succession or inheritance implications. The aim of the present dissertation is to analyse: the marriage institution; the marital property regimes; the legal statute of the surviving spouse over time; Macau’s legal order, precisely the one on which this legislative change was inspired; and last, but not least, the above Law - studying the new legal possibilities it implies, the requirements it imposes as well as the surviving spouse rights in this context. Even thought it's true that the status of the surviving spouse has improved with the reform of the civil procedure of Decree-Law n.º 496/77 of November 25, passing from the fourth class of successions to the first classe of legitimate heirs, not being listed as one of the legitimate heirs obliged to collation - a consequence of the so-called "horizontalization of succession law" - however, this restructuring was insufficient because times have changed and most people are increasingly financially independent, paying much more attetion to their careers than their own households. A critical reflection on the importance of supressing the immutability principle of the agreements will also be carried out, since that would ensure the spouses the opportunity of waiving their right/condition of legitimate heir at any time, which would be, in our opinion, more in line with life circumstances and its changes, not forcing the intended spouses to mandatorily formalize this renunciation before the marriage when none of them is aware of what can or cannot happen in the future.

Text in Afrikaans
By ontbinding van 'n huwelik buite gemeenskap van goed beskik die hof oor 'n diskresionere bevoegdheid om 'n herverdeling van bates van die onderskeie boedels te gelas. Die voorvereiste, naamlik 'n bydrae tot die instandhouding of vergroting van die boedel van die ander en die uitleg van die bewoording van die wet bring egter mee dat die hof se diskresie om 'n billike herverdeling te beveel ingekort is. Bydrae behoort op gelyke vlak tesarne met al die relevante faktore 'n rol te speel. Huwelikswangedrag behoort 'n beperkte rol te speel by herverdelingsbevele. In sekere gevalle sal dit egter onbillik wees om skuld as faktor te ignoreer. Die skuld van die party teen wie die verdeling gevra word behoort nie 'n rol te speel nie. Sekere wetswysiginge is nodig ten einde die doel van die wet, naamlik bereiking van geregtigheid tussen die partye, te bewerkstellig.
On dissolution of a maniage out of commwrity of property the court has discretionary power to order a distribution of the assets of the different estates. The precondition, namely a contribution to the maintenance or increase of the estate of the other, and the interpretation of the words of the act, however, results in a curtailment of the court's discretion to order a just and equitable distribution. Contribution should play a role on the same level as all the other relevant factors. Misconduct should play a restricted role in a redistribution order. However, in certain cases it would be inequitable to ignore misconduct as a factor. The misconduct of the party against whom the redistribution is sought should not play a role. Certain amendments of the act are necessary to achieve the aim of the act, namely the attaining of equity between the parties.
Private Law
LL. M.

The topic of this Master thesis is Matrimonial property law, that is encoded within the Act no. 89/2012 Sb., Civil Code. The aim of this thesis is to analyze and describe current matrimonial property law regime, mainly the community property regime. The focus is on defining the legal framework of the community property regime and its modification options, such as community property contract or court decision. It also provides a look at the possibilities of protection and defense of the so called debt- free spouse. The text of the thesis is divided into seven chapters, introduction and conclusion. The first chapter provides a definition of some basic terms, such as the matrimonial property law and community property regime. The second chapter focuses on the legal provisions of the community property regime, meaning the general regime. It describes the scope of the community property regime, the assets and liabilities within and out of the scope of the community property. It also introduces the asset management within the community property legal framework. The aim of the third chapter is the contractual community property, as set out by the legal provisions. The law allows for three, alternatively four types of contractual regimes, such as separate property, regime that reserves the moment of...

The topic of my diploma thesis is "Law regulating property of spouses". The diploma thesis concerning marital property law is focused mainly on community property. This institute comes into power as a result of entering into a marriage. The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe ways how to secure separate property of spouses in a marriage. The thesis consists of seven chapters, the first chapter is an introduction to this topic and the seventh chapter is a conclusion. The second chapter of my thesis is devoted mainly to the historical development of the community property since 1811 to the current legislation often called as the "new" Civil Code (no. 89/2012). The diploma thesis describes in its third chapter which property consists of community property and which property is excluded from community property. The fourth chapter is focused on a division of community property in case of dissolution of a marriage. Community property can be divided equally between spouses (a husband and a wife) or differently. Spouses can agree on the division of property or it could be decided by court ruling. If either of the spouses does not ask for court decision, the division of community property is achieved by legal presumption (the rules set in the Civil Code for the division of property used after certain...

Mr. Eduard Němeček, MD Divorce issue and its consequences Diploma Thesis 5. Summary: This work proposes a closer look at the divorce-related topics with consequential impacts both on financial situation of divorced spouses and destinies of minor children as resulting from divorced marriages in Czech Republic. Till date, this issue has been solved in different ways at both district and regional courts. In our republic, a more unifying element is represented by decisions of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts. This is a very serious social phenomenon which, according to statistics affects a large number of parents, children, but also childless partners. Yet from ancient times this phenomenon is known to be socially undesirable being almost entirely rejected by the Catholic Church in its canon law. The increase in divorces has resulted namely from the advancement procedure of society. It is a societal phenomenon known to occur irrelatively of the states and political systems, from the totalitarian regimes through those autocratic, up to highly democratic systems of developed countries worldwide. During the creation of this work, up to 40% of marriages have been critically monitored as expected to be ended in divorce. It's a long-term social phenomenon that surpassed all political systems from the...

Substantive gender equality has yet to be achieved in South Africa. As such, when a decision is made for one of the spouses to a civil marriage to stay at home and care for the children born of the marriage, or make career sacrifices to care for children, that spouse is usually the wife. As a result, while the husband continues to amass wealth and grow his earning potential, the wife is unable to do so. In circumstances where such spouses are married out of community of property or subject to the accrual system with onerous exclusion clauses in the antenuptial contract, the wife may be left with little more than a claim for rehabilitative maintenance in the event of a divorce. The courts only have the discretion to make an equitable distribution of marital property in civil marriages with complete separation of property concluded prior to 1 November 1984 (or 2 December 1988) and customary marriages. It is arguable that this limitation of the judicial discretion violates the equality clause contained in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. A broad judicial discretion to equitably redistribute the spouses’ assets upon divorce is therefore proposed in this dissertation.
Private Law
LL.M.