Relevant bibliographies by topics / Preparation for trial

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Preparation for trial'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 8 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Preparation for trial"

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Wang, Chang (Nancy), Ruobing Yang, and Lawrence Hookey. "Does It work in Clinical Practice? A Comparison of Colonoscopy Cleansing Effectiveness in Clinical Practice Versus Efficacy from Selected Prospective Trials." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 3, no. 3 (2019): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwy070.

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AbstractBackgroundAdequate bowel preparation is essential for a high-quality colonoscopy. Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated bowel preparation protocols, including split-dose and low-volume regimens. However, RCTs are conducted in an ideal, controlled setting, and translation of trial results to clinical practice is challenging. In this study, we compared the quality of bowel preparations of real-world patients from clinical practice with those enrolled in several prospective trials.MethodsBowel preparation quality, defined by the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale (OBPS), from four RCTs and one prospective trial were compared with two observational diary studies. Bowel preparations were polyethylene glycol preparation (PEG) or sodium picosulfate plus magnesium citrate (P/MC) taken via traditional or split-dose timing regimen. Age, sex, average number of bowel movements per day, comorbidities, colonoscopy indication and colonoscopy completion rates were also collected.ResultsPatients enrolled in prospective trials had a better OBPS by one point when compared with those in observational clinical practice studies (P<0.049), after controlling for age, sex, colonoscopy indication and type of bowel preparation used. We also found that each 10-year increase in age was associated with a 0.2 point increase in OBPS (P=0.008), and men were associated with a 0.5 increase in OBPS when compared with women P=0.014).ConclusionPatients from clinical practice have higher OBPS than prospective trial patients. Increased age and male sex were also associated with increased OBPS. We believe increased patient motivation and education around bowel preparation regimen plays an important role in the success of bowel preparations.
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Sagawa, Toshihiko, Ken Sato, Taku Tomizawa, et al. "A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of AJG522 versus Standard PEG + E as Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/521756.

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Polyethylene glycol- (PEG-) based bowel preparations for colonoscopies are often poorly tolerated due to the large volumes of fluid intake required. We compared low-volume “modified” PEG + ascorbic acid (AJG522) with standard PEG with electrolytes (PEG + E) in addition to a stimulant laxative and an agent to improve bowel function for the bowel cleansing before colonoscopy to evaluate its efficacy, safety, and acceptability. Outpatients scheduled to undergo colonoscopy were randomized to receive either AJG522 or PEG + E. Bowel cleansing conditions were assessed via macroscopic fecal findings by blinded and independent investigators. A survey of the patients’ feedback regarding the preparation was conducted by questionnaire. Successful cleansing was achieved in all cases, except for 4 cases in the PEG + E group, at 3 hours after taking the preparation. The fecal properties were significantly clearer in the AJG522 group than in the PEG + E group at 2 hours after taking each preparationP=0.013. Although the total liquid volume of the bowel preparation was not reduced, the AJG522 preparation could significantly reduce the required volume of the preparationP<0.0001. Moreover, the patients in the AJG522 group had better acceptabilityP=0.010. There were no significant differences in the safety profiles between groups (UMIN000013892).
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Wilhelm, Ricardo A., A. Hunter Threadgill, and Philip A. Gable. "Motor Preparation and Execution for Performance Difficulty: Centroparietal Beta Activation during the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task as a Function of Motivation." Brain Sciences 11, no. 11 (2021): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111442.

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Debate exists as to the effects of anxiety in performance-based studies. However, no studies have examined the influence of motivation both in preparation of a motor movement and during movement performance. The present study measured beta activation in preparation for and during execution of the effort expenditure for rewards task (EEfRT), a button-pressing task consisting of easy and hard trials. Results indicated that motor preparation (i.e., reduced beta activation) was greater in preparation for hard trials than for easy trials. Additionally, motor preparation decreased (i.e., beta activation increased) over the course of hard trial execution. These results suggest that motor preparation is enhanced prior to more challenging tasks but that motor preparation declines as participants become closer to completing their goal in each challenging trial. These results provide insight into how beta activation facilitates effort expenditure for motor tasks varying in difficulty and motivation. The impact of these results on models of anxiety and performance is discussed.
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Strunk, Albert L. "Trial Preparation: The Legal Perspective." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 31, no. 1 (1988): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-198803000-00024.

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García Rojo de Cózar, Alberto. "Clinical trials with steril preparations. Analysis of Spain clinical trial registry." Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia 88, no. 88(03) (2022): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.04.

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Objective: To review the legal regime for sterile products preparation in the context of clinical trials. Method: A literature review of different rules, guideliness and reports from different organisms has been completed. Furthermore, an analysis of Spanish Clinical Trials Registry (REec) was performed in order to know the trend of what is the type of clinical trials that are being conducted in Spain. Results: at Europe Union there is not a specific regulation about this matter, being a member state responsibiliy to have a local law. In Spain, there is a guideline regarding Good Practices of preparation for drugs on Hospital Pharmacy Services. Spain Clinical Trials Registry analysis indicates that approximately 50% of studies could requiered that those study drugs to be pre-pared on sterile conditions, and on this group, 79% are international studies. Conclusions: Spain has solid regulations on sterile preparation drugs for routine practice and for clinical research drugs. All professionals involved in clinical research should be aware of these regulations in order to maintain Spain’s position of excellence in clinical research at the international level.
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Johnson, Michael, Kathleen McMahon, and Colin Fitzpatrick. "A Preparation for Reuse Trial of Washing Machines in Ireland." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (2020): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031175.

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This paper presents the results of a “preparation for reuse” trial of washing machines in Ireland. For the trial, a methodology for the quantitative assessment of potentially reusable appliances in the waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) stream is developed and applied to a statistically significant sample allowing the study to quantify a theoretical potential for the “preparation for reuse” of washing machines in the WEEE stream in Ireland under current collection conditions. For a statistically significant sample size, data on preparation for re-use trials conducted on B2C (Business-to-Consumer) WEEE was collected and reviewed. From the 23,129 appliances which were accepted into the trial, the study found that 327 of these washing machines were successfully prepared for reuse and sold back into the Irish market, leading to an overall reuse rate of 1.5%. A quantitative analysis of the trial data is presented with a complimentary qualitative evaluation which provides insights into the causes for this low reuse figure, the occurrence of specific repairs and recommended actions to address these.
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Lancellotti, Laura, Giulio Cabrini, Luisa Zanolla, and Gianni Mastella. "High‐ Versus Low‐Lipase Acid‐Resistant Enzyme Preparations in Cystic Fibrosis: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 22, no. 1 (1996): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1996.tb01506.x.

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SummaryHigh‐strength pancreatic enzyme preparations have recently come into widespread use in some countries for treatment of pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis. However, the therapeutic equivalence of these preparations to the standard acid‐resistant microsphere preparations, under the same lipase dosage, has not been demonstrated by appropriate clinical trials; they are also considered responsible for severe colonic stricture. In a randomized crossover study, 20 adolescent or adult cystic fibrosis patients were treated in hospital with both low‐lipase (A) and high‐lipase (B) enteric‐coated microsphere preparations. The fat excretion coefficient, evaluated over two 72‐h fat balance periods (measured fat intake, 1.43 to 3 g/kg/day according to age), was the main response variable, secondary variables being stool wet and dry weight, fecal nitrogen output, and energy loss. With both preparations, patients were given a daily dose of 1,500‐2,000 lipase BP U/g fat ingested, distributed across four meals. The low‐strength preparation was divided into three doses during each meal, while the high‐strength preparation was taken as a single dose in the middle of each meal. The considerable variability of results did not provide conclusive evidence of equivalence or significant differences between the two preparations in terms of steatorrhea and other variables. However, mean differences between the two treatments and their 95% confidence intervals showed less satisfactory results with the high‐lipase preparation. A high‐strength preparation is thought to release relatively less enzyme activity in the small intestine, forcing patients to increase their dosage and possibly creating a dangerous enzyme hyperconcentration in the large intestine. For this reason, the occasional occurrence of colonic stricture should be borne in mind, as must the possible scope for division of dosage during each meal.
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Kykot, A. V. "WITNESS PREPARATION IN A USA TRIAL." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 9 (2024): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2024-9/15.

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Campbell, A. D., R. Chua, J. T. Inglis, and M. G. Carpenter. "Startle induces early initiation of classically conditioned postural responses." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 11 (2012): 2946–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01157.2011.

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Startling acoustic stimuli (SAS) induce the early release of prepared motor responses. The current study used SAS, in conjunction with a classical conditioning paradigm, to examine advanced motor preparation of conditioned postural responses (PRs). After generalized startle responses were induced, standing posture was perturbed in 2 blocks of 15 Conditioning trials, where in each trial the onset of a nonstartling auditory cue [i.e., a conditioned stimulus (CS)] preceded a leftward support-surface translation. Upon completion of each block, a single trial was conducted. After block 1, a CS-Only trial was used to induce conditioned PRs in the absence of balance perturbations. After block 2, a post-Conditioning Startle trial that involved a CS subsequently followed by a SAS was used to examine motor preparation of conditioned PRs. PRs were quantified in terms of center of pressure displacements, ankle and hip kinematics, as well as surface electromyography of proximal and distal bilateral muscle pairs. Results indicated that repeated experience with cued balance perturbations led to PR conditioning and, more importantly, motor preparation of PRs. Conditioning was evidenced in biomechanical and electromyographic responses observed in CS-Only trials, as well as the progressive changes to evoked response parameters during repeated Conditioning trials. SAS presented in post-Conditioning Startle trials evoked early onsets of biomechanical and electromyographic responses, while preserving relative response parameters that were each distinct from generalized startle responses. These results provide important insight into both the consequences of using cues in dynamic postural control studies and the neural mechanisms governing PRs.
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Tabata, Hiromitsu, Kenichiro Miura, and Kenji Kawano. "Trial-by-Trial Updating of the Gain in Preparation for Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Based on Past Experience in Humans." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 2 (2008): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00714.2007.

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To understand how the CNS uses past experiences to generate movements that accommodate minute-by-minute environmental changes, we studied the trial-by-trial updating of the gain for initiating smooth pursuit eye movements and how this relates to the history of previous trials. Ocular responses in humans elicited by a small perturbing motion presented 300 ms after appearance of a target were used as a measure of the gain of visuomotor transmission. After the perturbation, the target was either moved horizontally (pursuit trial) or remained in a stationary position (fixation trial). The trial sequence randomly included pursuit and fixation. The amplitude of the response to the perturbation was modulated in a trial-by-trial manner based on the immediately preceding trial, with preceding fixation and pursuit trials decreasing and increasing the gain, respectively. The effect of the previous trial was larger with shorter intertrial intervals, but did not diminish for at least 2,000 ms. A time-series analysis showed that the response amplitude was significantly correlated with the past few trials, with dynamics that could be approximated by a first-order linear system. The results suggest that the CNS integrates recent experiences to set the gain in preparation for upcoming tracking movements in a changing environment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Preparation for trial"

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Garland, Krista Vince. "Coaching in an interactive virtual reality to increase fidelity of implementation of discrete trial teaching." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5219.

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In teacher preparation, more effective pathways and practices are needed for preparing, placing, and supporting beginning teachers and principals (Darling-Hammond, 2010; U.S. Department of Education, 2009b). A common issue in the field of special education is the lack of skill transfer from one setting to another (Dieker, Hynes, Hughes, & Smith, 2008). It has been posited that “practicing up” is not ethical in that novice teachers must attempt to teach with a limited knowledge of appropriate pedagogy and skill (Dieker et al., 2008). The new challenge becomes finding an effective mechanism that provides essential learning experiences and opportunities to refine teaching techniques to the highest standards of fidelity in a safely controlled and coordinated environment (Odom, 2009). Perhaps because of the ethical concerns in honing teacher skills on actual children, and despite the strong demand for professionals who are trained in discrete trial teaching (DTT), few studies have been published on training methodologies and fidelity of implementation (Fazzio, Martin, Arnal, & Yu, 2009). The training of teachers to implement evidence-based interventions such as DTT with fidelity while they are working with students with ASD cannot be over-emphasized in a teacher preparation program (Scheuermann, Webber, Boutot, & Goodwin, 2003; Simpson, 2004; 2005). The researcher utilized the TLE TeachLivE simulation classroom laboratory at the University of Central Florida as a mechanism to infuse cutting-edge technology and learning activities within program/project coursework. The TLE TeachLivE virtual classroom serves as a venue for pre-service and practicing teachers to safely gain proficiency and enhance fidelity of implementation of evidence-based practices. Participants experienced an immersive, real-time environment that featured interactions with Austin, an avatar that portrayed a student with autism. A trained interactor remotely controlled the behavior and responses of the avatar with which teachers engaged for practice sessions consisting of ten discrete trials. Between sessions, participants received individualized clinical coaching (ICC) on their performance. Upon termination of the intervention, two generalization probes were conducted to measure retention of fidelity over time within actual classroom settings. Results indicated that all five participants strongly benefited from learning DTT with ICC in the TLE TeachLivE learning platform. Across participants, the overall mean gain in fidelity from baseline phase (14%) to intervention phase (80%) was 66%. The fidelity means of participants in the generalization phase held to 90%, thus supporting the use of virtual environments for teacher preparation. Mean time among participants to attain higher than mastery level performance of 90% in intervention was 1.25 hours. This resulted in shorter training times than previously researched training programs (Arnal et al., 2007; Fazzio et al., 2009; Leblanc, & Luiselli, 2005; Thiessen et al., 2009). This investigation endeavored to reduce the potential of diminished pupil learning gains as a necessary consequence when honing skills in the appropriate delivery of instruction of discrete trial teaching.<br>ID: 031001415; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Wilfred D. Wienke.; Title from PDF title page (viewed June 14, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-161).<br>Ph.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Education and Human Performance<br>Education; Exceptional Education
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Sequeira, Susana Anjos. "Preparation and handling of investigational medicinal products." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12556.

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Mestrado em Biomedicina Farmacêutica<br>Duo to all of the challenges related with the production and logistics of the investigational medicinal products, this project aims to make an overview about the development of an investigational medicinal product, and the main details that must be considered in the preparation, packaging, labelling and distribution of investigational medicinal products, in order to provide a quick reference tool in a professional and academic context. A review was made in the international literature to identify studies focusing on development and handling of investigational medicinal products, mainly through PubMed and Medline databases, although it has also resorted to guidelines, some books on the subject, and master and doctoral thesis. Only English language papers were selected. Whenever possible, it were selected the most recent articles. During the development of IMP, solubility, as well as bioavailability assessment and bioequivalence studies, are the most challenging steps in the early phase of preparation of IMPs. Concerning the IMP production, the critical aspects, such as comparators, blinding and package, will determine the success of the entire clinical trial. When the IMP is fully prepared, it enters in the different clinical trials phases, with the aim of providing a range of information, such as efficacy and safety. This whole process must meet a series of requirements previously established, and adequate trained staff, in order to minimize the costs associated with the development of the IMP, as well as accelerate its market entry. It is important to note some limitations in the review. Although there is a wide range of information on the preparation of investigational medicinal products, little information was found on the logistics. In a future work, it would be interesting to further explore the distribution of investigational medicinal products, addressing the main unsatisfactory results of audits, in a clinical trial environment, and find tools and procedures to prevent nonconformities.<br>Face a todos os desafios relacionados com a produção e logística do medicamento experimental, este projeto tem como objetivo fornecer uma visão geral sobre o desenvolvimento de um medicamento experimental, assim como os principais detalhes que devem ser considerados na preparação, embalagem, rotulagem e distribuição de medicamentos experimentais, de forma a fornecer uma ferramenta de referência rápida em contexto profissional e académico. Foi realizada uma revisão na literatura internacional para identificar estudos com foco no desenvolvimento e distribuição de medicamentos experimentais, principalmente através de bases de dados como o PubMed e Medline, embora também se tenha recorrido a guidelines, e alguns livros e teses de mestrado e doutoramento sobre o objeto de estudo. Foram selecionados apenas artigos na língua inglesa. Sempre que possível, foram selecionados os artigos mais recentes. Durante o processo de desenvolvimento de um medicamento experimental, os estudos de solubilidade, assim como os de biodisponibilidade e bioequivalência, são os maiores desafios nas fases iniciais de desenvolvimento. Atendendo à produção do medicamento experimental, aspectos críticos, como os comparadores, os processos de blinding e embalamento, são determinantes para o sucesso de todo o ensaio clínico. Após a completa preparação do medicamento experimental, este é introduzido nas diferentes fases de ensaio clínico, com o objetivo de fornecer uma ampla informação, como a eficácia e a segurança. Todo este processo deve englobar uma série de requisitos previamente estabelecidos, assim como uma equipa devidamente treinada, de forma a minimizar os custos associados ao desenvolvimento do medicamento experimental, acelerando a sua entrada no mercado. É importante ressalvar que embora exista uma ampla gama de informação sobre a preparação de medicamentos experimentais, foi encontrada pouca informação sobre a logística, sendo fundamental, no futuro, explorar mais a temática da distribuição de medicamentos experimentais, abordando os principais resultados não satisfatórios das auditorias, no âmbito dos ensaios clínicos, e encontrar ferramentas e procedimentos para evitar as nãoconformidades.
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Hata, Hiroaki. "Oral and Parenteral Versus Parenteral Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Elective Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery (JMTO PREV 07－01) A Phase 3, Multicenter, Open－label, Randomized Trial." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232080.

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Henricson, Maria. "Tactile touch in intensive care : Nurses' preparation, patients' experiences and the effect on stress parameters." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1636.

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<p>Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to acquire knowledge about whether tactile touch as a complementary method can (i) promote comfort and (ii) reduce stress reactions during care in an intensive care unit (ICU) Method: In Paper I, five nurses with a touch therapist training were interviewed about their experiences of preparation before giving tactile touch in an ICU. To analyse the meaning of preparation as a phenomenon, Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological approach was used. In Paper II and III a randomised controlled trial was set up to investigate the effects of a five-day tactile touch intervention on patients’ oxytocin levels in arterial blood (II), on patients’ blood pressure, heart rate and blood glucose level, and on patients’ levels of anxiety, sedation and alertness (III). Forty-four patients were randomised to either an intervention group (n = 21) or a control group (n = 23). Data were analysed with non-parametric statistics. In Paper IV, six patients who had received the tactile touch intervention were interviewed to illuminate the experience of receiving tactile touch during intensive care. To gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and to illuminate the meaning, Ricoeur’s phenomenological hermeneutical method, developed by Lindseth and Norberg, was used. Findings: The nurses need four constituents (inner balance, unconditional respect for the patients’ integrity, a relationship with the patient characterized by reciprocal trust and a supportive environment) to be prepared and go through the transition from nurse to touch therapist (I). In the intervention study, no significant differences were shown for oxytocin levels between intervention and control group over time or within each day (II). There were significantly lower levels of anxiety for patients in the intervention group. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups for blood pressure, heart rate, the use of drugs, levels of sedation or blood glucose levels (III). The significance of receiving tactile touch during intensive care was described as the creation of an imagined room along with the touch therapist. In this imagined room, the patients enjoyed tactile touch and gained hope for the future (IV). Conclusion: Nurses needed internal and external balance to be prepared for providing tactile touch. Patients did not notice the surroundings as much as the nurses did. Patients enjoyed the tactile touch and experienced comfort. The impact on stress parameters were limited, except for levels of anxiety which declined significantly. The results gave some evidence for the benefit of tactile touch given to patients in intensive care.</p>
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Kilgore, Meredith L. "Effects of trial design on participation and costs in clinical trials : with an examination of cost analysis methods and data sources /." Santa Monica, Calif. : Pardee RAND Graduate School, 2004. http://www.rand.org/publications/RGSD/RGSD179.

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Deppe, Carola. "Design of sensory multi-session trials with preparation constraints." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10744.

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Design of sensory multi-session trials with preparation constraints Designs for sensory studies must satisfy several requirements. Usually a given number of products are to be evaluated and there is an upper limit to the number of assessors available. Due to variation in sensory perception, inter-assessor product comparisons are preferred. For large product numbers, trials are split into sessions to avoid sensory fatigue and the sequential presentation of products can cause order and carry-over effects. Thus, resolvable row-column or cross-over designs are required, which ensure that each assessor tastes all products the same number of times. In this thesis a three-step procedure is proposed to generate designs for trials where the number of products prepared for or served in each session is limited. First, an incomplete block design with a special column structure, the preparation design, is created, assigning products to sessions. Secondly, a cross-over design is constructed, assigning the columns of the preparation design to assessors. In the third step the two designs are combined by identifying the column-order of the preparation design that results in the highest average efficiency of the complete cross-over design. Search algorithms for incomplete block and cross-over designs are modified to produce preparation and panel designs with a special structure to guarantee resolvability of the complete sensory design. This procedure has been enhanced to produce designs for trials involving a control and several test products, in which control-test comparisons are estimated with higher precision than test-test comparisons. Two distinct construction methods have been developed for this case. By using factorial preparation designs the three step procedure can also be adapted for creating factorial multi-session designs with or without a control product.
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Clemson, Christine Moulton. "Development of a Multi-Site Phase II Clinical Trial of Valproic Acid for Retinitis Pigmentosa." eScholarship@UMMS, 2010. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/470.

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The body of work presented here is a compendium of the multiple steps required for an investigator initiated trial of an existing medication (Valproic Acid- VPA) for a new indication (Retinitis Pigmentosa – RP). The chapters are listed in logical and chronological order of the process. In order to access patient records an expedited Institutional Review Board (IRB) application for retrospective chart review was submitted (Chapter 1). These records enabled the statistical analysis which not only laid the framework for the trial design, but also became the basis for two manuscripts (Chapter 2). Protocol development informed by the preliminary human studies (Chapter 3) was an instrumental part of the Investigational New Drug (IND) application (Chapter 3.5). This protocol along with the extensive case report forms that detail the intended data to be collected are included in the IND application. Because the Phase II clinical trial proposed attempting to identify the specific RP mutations of the subjects utilizing a National Eye Institute (NEI) study that enabled free genotyping services, two IRB applications were submitted (Chapter 3.6). The first was for approval of the NEI genotyping protocol, the second involved the VPA intervention. Two very different sources of funding for this trial were attempted (Chapter 4) – the NIH via the Challenge Grant mechanism and a private eye disease foundation (Foundation Fighting Blindness). In Chapter 5 I detail the alternate study designs that were considered and developed for this trial (and ultimately abandoned). Finally, in Chapter 6, I formally detail my suggestions to aid in the development of a comprehensive investigator initiated core facility at UMMMC. The goal of this project was two-fold. The first was to learn the entire process of trial and protocol design both from a Umass Institutional perspective as well as from the perspective of the FDA. The second goal was the very real prospect of helping patients with a blinding disease. This work was successful on both counts. IRB approval was received for all the submitted applications. The complexity and uniqueness of many aspects of these submissions culminated in a comprehensive learning experience. The process of working with the Umass Research Pharmacy as well as developing the industry contacts and know-how to develop a workable and financially feasible placebo were both particularly important learning experiences. FDA approval of the IND submission was also received, and the process of pre-communication and delving into the considerable and ever-changing rules and regulations resulted in an extensive and valuable knowledge base. While the practicality of funding has limited the ability of this trial to move forward at this point, given the extensive framework laid by this body of work, we are actively pursuing other opportunities. The third outcome of this work, while not as intentional, was the considerable process of determining the specific competencies and infrastructure that exist at UMMMC to enable investigator initiated drug intervention studies. While this institution is clearly moving rapidly in the direction of translational research, the many needs of these studies are often only clearly understood when the process is specifically undertaken. In completing the approval of this Phase II clinical trial, I was not only able to better understand and define the existing capabilities of UMMMC for this kind of research, I was able to add to that infrastructure when the existing knowledge or skill set was not available. In this manner, I was able to inform and guide many of the support personnel who guided me and have become a part of the strategic direction of UMMMC towards clinical translational research.
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Bakari, Muhammad. "The natural history of HIV-1 infection and preparations for HIV vaccine trials in Tanzania /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-908-4/.

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Bhattacharyya, Nripendra Kumar. "Preparation and characterization of binuclear carbonylates of the iron triad and tetranuclear carbonylates of iridium : the condensation of mononuclear hydrido carbonylates to trinuclear hybrido carbonylates of the iron triad /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260135356797.

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Lyamuya, Eligius Francis. "HIV-1 infection in Tanzania with special reference to early diagnosis in children and preparations for vaccine trials /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4197-1/.

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Books on the topic "Preparation for trial"

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Kipnees, Robert J. Criminal trial preparation. New Jersey Institute for Continuing Legal Education, 1997.

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Gonzalez, Ervin A. Florida civil trial preparation. Florida Bar, 2002.

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Gonzalez, Ervin A. Florida civil trial preparation. 2nd ed. Florida Bar, 2004.

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Marcus, Michael D. Trial preparation for prosecutors. Wiley Law Publications, 1989.

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Gonzalez, Ervin A. Florida civil trial preparation. Florida Bar, 2015.

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Gonzalez, Ervin A. Florida civil trial preparation. 5th ed. Florida Bar, 2011.

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Gonzalez, Ervin A. Florida civil trial preparation. Florida Bar, 2013.

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Gonzalez, Ervin A. Florida civil trial preparation. 3rd ed. Florida Bar, 2006.

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B, Ercolini Judith, Butler Gerard A, Herlihy Sarah, McWilliams Ian A, and Massachusetts Continuing Legal Education, Inc. (1982- ), eds. Trial preparation for the paralegal. MCLE, 2009.

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B, Ercolini Judith, Butler Gerard A, Herlihy Sarah, McWilliams Ian A, and Massachusetts Continuing Legal Education, Inc. (1982- ), eds. Trial preparation for the paralegal. MCLE, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Preparation for trial"

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McDonald, Peter. "Preparation for Trial." In Tire Imprint Evidence. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003575238-18.

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Reboy, Diane L. "Trial Preparation and the Trial Process." In Legal Nurse Consulting Principles and Practices. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429283642-39.

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Zhang, Chenyang. "Trial." In Win in Chinese Courts. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3342-6_5.

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AbstractThe pretrial preparation and trial will commence after appropriate service of the court documents on all parties. Ordinary procedure, summary procedure and special procedure are three concepts of parallel standing in the CPL. Except for cases under the summary procedure and the special procedure, all the other cases are tried under the ordinary procedure, which is the basis of all procedures and covers all necessary steps stipulated by the CPL. Our introduction will firstly be based on the ordinary procedure as well. (1) After serving court documents on all parties, the court needs to wait at least 30 days (or 45 days if the defendant is a foreign party without domicile in China) for the defendant to submit statement of defense and evidence. After that, the court can arrange a pretrial conference or a court hearing. There is no specific provision on the process and content of the pretrial conference, and in practice, the pretrial conference may proceed as an ordinary court hearing. Therefore, we advise that the parties try to figure out the process and content of the pretrial conference, and even make proper preparations with reference to the requirements of the ordinary court hearing. (2) In China, the steps of a court hearing generally include: court-conducted investigation, debates in court, closing argument and mediation. Among them, court-conducted investigation and debates in court are the core steps of court trial. To avoid unnecessary repetition and improve trial efficiency, Chinese courts sometimes combine these two steps together. During the Chinese court trial, we should pay attention to the following points: Firstly, judges are not passive listeners, but the leaders and controllers of all trial activities. Secondly, judges generally care more about the fact finding than the opinions of the parties on the law application. Thirdly, Chinese courts attach importance to the trial efficiency, and therefore the parties need to express their opinions as concisely as possible. Fourthly, the court trial may be made publicly available on the Internet; some court trials are also conducted online. (3) After finishing court hearing, the court will make the first-instance judgment and serve it on the parties through legal means to complete the rendering thereof. The parties may appeal within 15 days (or 30 days, if the appellant is a foreign party without domicile in China) and initiate the second-instance procedure. (4) Generally speaking, the trial process of second instance is not so different from that of first instance. The second-instance judgment is the effective final judgment. Under certain circumstances, the second-instance court may also remand the case to the first-instance court for retrial. (5) The trial time limit of first-instance cases under ordinary procedure is 6 months, and can be extended twice up to 15 months. The trial time limit of second-instance cases is 3 months, and can be extended once up to 6 months. But it is sometimes difficult for Chinese courts to close the case within the statutory trial time limit due to the litigation explosion. (6) In addition to the ordinary procedure, Chinese courts will try cases with little dispute and simple legal relations through the summary procedure. Cases under summary procedure are tried by one judge only, with shorter trial period and more flexible and simpler trial procedures. The summary procedure is applicable to most cases accepted by Chinese courts. However, the summary procedure is not frequently applied to foreign-related cases in China. (7) For money-judgment cases with a disputed amount below a certain standard, the trial procedure thereof will be further simplified and referred to as “Small Claims Procedure”. The first instance of such cases is final, and no appeal is allowed. However, the small claims procedure is not applicable to foreign-related cases. (8) At last, all civil cases in China can be divided into two categories: foreign-related cases and non-foreign-related cases. Foreign-related cases refer to cases with foreign elements, including cases where one of the litigants is a foreigner or a foreign organization, etc. There are special rules for the trial of foreign-related cases under the Chinese legal system, mainly to protect the litigious rights of foreign parties. However, it is worth noting that if the parties submit a non-foreign-related case to a foreign court or arbitration institution, it is highly likely that Chinese courts may refuse to recognize and enforce the judgment/award so rendered. This is one of the reasons why we have to distinguish foreign-related cases from non-foreign-related cases.
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Lubiniecki, A. S., J. C. Erickson, C. L. Nolan, et al. "Preparation of Clinical Trial Supplies of Biopharmaceuticals." In Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59990-3_2.

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Franciosa, Joseph A. "Protocol Development and Preparation for a Clinical Trial." In Principles of Research Methodology. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3360-6_6.

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Kowshihan, P., Vaishnavi Rajaraman, Revathi Duraisamy, and Dhanraj. "Effectiveness of Paroxetine in Controlling Anxiety during Tooth Preparation—A Prospective Trial." In Case Studies on Holistic Medical Interventions. CRC Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003596684-62.

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Delisle-Rodriguez, Denis, Ana Cecilia Villa-Parra, Alberto López-Delis, Anselmo Frizera-Neto, Eduardo Rocon, and Teodiano Freire-Bastos. "Non-supervised Feature Selection: Evaluation in a BCI for Single-Trial Recognition of Gait Preparation/Stop." In Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation II. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46669-9_181.

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Delisle-Rodriguez, Denis, Ana Cecilia Villa-Parra, Alberto López-Delis, Anselmo Frizera-Neto, Eduardo Rocon, and Teodiano Freire-Bastos. "Non-supervised Feature Selection: Evaluation in a BCI for Single-Trial Recognition of Gait Preparation/Stop." In Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation II. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46669-9_241.

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Posey, Amy J., and Lawrence S. Wrightsman. "Witness Preparation." In Trial Consulting. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183092.003.0002.

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"Preparation for Trial." In Effective Expert Witnessing, Third Edition. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe1566703406.ch9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Preparation for trial"

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Delwiche, Alex, and Isaac Tavares. "Retrofit Strategy Using Aluminium Anodes for the Internal Sections of Windturbine Monopiles." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-08955.

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Abstract This paper discusses the corrosion mitigation strategy for protecting the submerged sections of a monopile wind turbine structure off the east coast of England in UK waters. The choice of the CP system was based on a remotely monitored trial, to minimise the retrofit installation works and thereby keeping costs and offshore work activity down, minimising the safety risk, yet provide an effective working system. The details and results of the initial trial are presented, as is the planning and preparation details to install aluminium anode strings inside of the supposed sealed internal sections of the wind turbine monopiles.
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Lutfallah, Muhammed H., Ahmed Y. Hammali, Tamim O. Felemban, and Mohannad A. Alismail. "Digital Generation of Eddy Current Testing (ECT) for Inspection of Surface and Near-Surface Defects." In MECC 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/mecc2023-20114.

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Abstract Conventional Non-destructive Testing (NDT) methods namely; Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT) and Penetrant Testing (PT), that are used for inspection of surface and near-surface indications have multiple limitations. Slow deployment, need for dedicated surface preparation, dependence on operator skills and inability to archive inspection data are examples of these limitations. Eddy Current Array (ECA) Technology, which is the digital generation of Eddy Current Test (ECT), has recently emerged to address the challenges and limitations of convectional NDT methods used for inspection of surface and near-surface indications including Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC). This paper will discuss and analyse the capability ECA technology by evaluating the trial results conducted utilizing different ECA systems and probes. The trials were conducted on a pipeline segment experienced multiple SCC. ECA results from different probes and systems were compared against alternate NDT methods to evaluate the capability and accuracy. The evaluation outcome revealed that all probes of different ECA systems were able to detect the SCC in the pipeline with some variance in the accuracy.
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Lee, ChangHun, ByeongHun Do, WonJun Yun, and HanJin Bae. "A Study on Improving Surface Preparation Productivity Using Rectangular Blasting Nozzle." In SSPC 2016 Greencoat. SSPC, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2016-00039.

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Abstract The purpose of surface preparation is to get a required adhesion between steel and the coated film. Adhesion is a significant factor for the suitability and life of protective coatings in corrosive surroundings. In the shipbuilding industry, air blasting with round blasting nozzles is common practice for achieving the productivity and proper surface profile. Generally, the round blasting nozzle cannot evenly spread the abrasive material on a steel surface compared with a rectangular nozzle. This study focuses on the use of rectangular nozzles to achieve increased surface preparation productivity by avoiding the concentrations of abrasive material typically seen with round nozzles. Rectangular nozzles can spread the abrasive materials evenly due to the shape of the nozzle. The rectangular nozzle, which has the same sectional area ratio as the round nozzle, is made with SKD-11. Two kinds of nozzles are compared in productivity and quality. Abrasive speed and spreading angle are compared using pictures captured by a high-speed camera during field production trials. Surface condition and profile are compared by microscope and surface roughness measuring instruments in the field of quality.
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Andrenacci, Alfredo, Dennis Wong, and Joseph G. Mordarski. "New Developments in Joint Coating and Field Repair Technology." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98616.

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Abstract This article describes the development of new joint coating and field repair systems on gas and oil transmission lines. Historically, the major problems associated with field applied coating were directly related to the sensitivity of prevailing environmental conditions, such as substrate cleanliness and preparation, and application technique. In lab and field trials, a new generation of heat shrinkable systems have been proven to perform as well as the mainline coating. The emphasis in these new developments, in addition to the “in service” performance, has been the search for systems that stress ease of application and tolerance to environmental conditions.
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Chi, Sangki, Ebad ul Haque, and Shaj K. Manjalivalapil. "Performance Test Results of New Artificial Non-Metallic Abrasive." In MPWT 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/mpwt19-14265.

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Abstract Abrasive material forms a major component for surface preparation in coating applications. Since blasting method developed in 1890s, abrasive materials and its application methods also significantly improved to enhance blasting efficiency. In general, steel grit and shot ball are being used predominantly as metallic abrasives. Garnet and coal slag are used as non-metallic abrasives. Each abrasive is selected and applied in accordance with the work location and substrate material of structures to be coated. In this study, we have evaluated a new artificial non-metallic abrasive (ferrochrome slag) which is a by-product from ferrochrome production process for stainless steel. This evaluation also included the checking of surface cleanliness performance and coating quality based on international test methods and field trials. For verifying the cleanliness quality, various tests were conducted as per international standards (ISO 8501-8503). Sea water immersion test (ISO 2812-2) and cyclic test (ISO 12944-9) were carried out to check coating performance after blasting. The field test results indicates that all inspection and quality criteria of surface preparation were met as per international standards. Furthermore, coating performance test results also showed this abrasive does not have any adverse effect on coating properties.
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Varlamov, O. V., A. V. Bazhin, O. A. Razin, and K. N. Khudyakov. "Equipment Preparation for 26 MHz Band Synchronous DRM Trial Broadcasting." In 2024 Systems of Signals Generating and Processing in the Field of on Board Communications. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf60226.2024.10496791.

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Fauzi, Asra Al, Adanti Wido Paramadini, and Taufiq Fatchur Rochman. "Clinical Trial and Preparation of Amniotic Membrane as Dura Mater Artificial." In 2017 5th International Conference on Instrumentation, Communications, Information Technology, and Biomedical Engineering (ICICI-BME). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icici-bme.2017.8537725.

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Gao, Hui, Cenqin Liu, Xin Yuan, et al. "IDDF2021-ABS-0120 Face-to-face instruction and personalized bowel preparation regimens improve quality of preparation for inpatient colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial." In Abstracts of the International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF), Hong Kong, 4–5 September 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-iddf.144.

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Tan, S., Y. Peng, and X. Tang. "IMPROVING BOWEL PREPARATION FOR COLONOSCOPY WITH A CARTOON EDUCATIONAL BROCHURE: SINGLE-BLINDED, RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED TRIAL." In ESGE Days. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1704208.

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Lee, HS, EY Kim, ES Kim, et al. "ORAL SULFATE SOLUTION IN OBESE PATIENTS AS PREPARATION FOR COLONOSCOPY: A PROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER, NONINFERIORITY TRIAL." In ESGE Days 2019. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1681571.

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Reports on the topic "Preparation for trial"

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Jinawath, Supatra, Dujreutai Pongkao Kachima, and Pornapa Sujaridworakun. Preparation of bioceramic specimens for medical application : report on. Chulalongkorn University, 2006. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2006.37.

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HA (hydroxyapatite, Ca [subscript 10](PO[subscript 4])[subscript 6](OH)[subscript 2], Ca/P = 1.67) and composite TCP/HA (Tricalcium phosphate, Ca [subscript 3] (PO [subscript 4]) [subscript 2], Ca/P = 1.5) were synthesized in our laboratory from bovine bone ash or the waste from the manufacture of products derived from it and fabricated into porous bar and disc shaped specimens (30-34 v% porosity, flexural strength of 17 MPa, pore diameters &lt;5-30 [mu]) for in vivo histological study and clinical trial, repectively. The histological results of the 3- and 6-month in vivo tests in canines were positive and successful. The clinical trials using titanium D-cages with HA inserts after 3-6 months were also proved positive, and with a satisfactory result. This also proved our belief that the practical limit of the smallest pore size for blood vessel or bone tissue ingrowth could be smaller than 100[mu] (macropore) in the case of resorbable HA ceramic with interconnected micro-to-mesopores (estimated as &lt;1, 5-30 [mu]). To explore into a broader application, a coating of biological HA layer on Ti alloy implant was also studied and the results were discussed.
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Lee, Chung, Timothy Kuzel, Richard Meagher, Ximing Yang, Norm Smith, and Qiang Zhang. Preparation for a Clinical Trial Using Adoptive Transfer of Tumor-Reactive TGF_Beta-Insensitive CD8+ T Cells for Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Defense Technical Information Center, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada462885.

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Lee, Chung. Preparation for a Clinical Trial Using Adoptive Transfer of Tumor-Reactive TGF_Beta-Insensitive CD8+ T Cells for Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Defense Technical Information Center, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada463479.

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Li, Yaodong, Zuoqiong Zhou, Yiping WANG, et al. Comparison of oral sodium phosphate tablets and polyethylene glycol lavage solution for colonoscopy preparation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0013.

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Review question / Objective: To systematically compare the bowel cleaning ability, patient tolerance and safety of oral sodium phosphate tablets (NaPTab) and oral polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEGL) to inform clinical decision making. Review question include: 1) patient populations with an indication for colonoscopy, including outpatients or inpatients requiring diagnosis or treatment, 2) randomized controlled trial (RCT) study designs, 3) a sodium phosphate tablet intervention group, 4) a control group receiving PEGL administered orally or by nasogastric tube, and 5) outcome measures including cleansing quality, adverse effects, patient acceptance, and changes in serum electrolytes after preparation.
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Ueti, Massaro Wilson, and Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz. Identification, characterization and testing of geographically conserved Babesia bovis vaccine antigen candidates. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.8134143.bard.

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During the development of this project, we selected four potential B. bovis antigens for a subunit vaccine to prevent the clinical signs of acute bovine babesiosis. Selection of the target antigens was based on: (1) profile of expression in parasite blood stages; (2) prediction for protein location on the parasite surface and/or on the surface of infected red blood cells; and (3) target conservation between US and Israeli strains of B. bovis. Following these criteria, the B. bovis targets BBOV_IV009170, BBOV_III007410, BBOV_II001790, and BBOV_III008720 were selected. Full-length genomic sequences of these four targets were compared between Israeli and US strains of B. bovis. Four Israeli parasite strains/isolates were selected for gene conservation analysis: sample ID # 3330 (from Refet Netofa); sample ID # 2673 (Refet Netofa); Sample ID Newe Yaar - Shahar; and the Israeli B. bovis cultured live vaccine 2S61411. The reference B. bovis Texas stain was also used in the analysis. Sequencing analysis showed considerable levels of conservation ranging from 72.2-91.1% and 84.6-94.1% of amino acid identity and similarity, respectively, by comparing Israeli and US B. bovis strains. Recombinant version of the four target antigens were produced in E. coli, purified by nickel columns, and used for antigenic and immunogenic analyses. Antigenic analysis revealed that B. bovis-infected cattle develop high antibody titers to BBOV_III008720. In contrast, no antibodies against BBOV_IV009170, BBOV_III007410, and BBOV_II001790 were detected in sera from infected cattle. Vaccine trial of the four antigens in cattle is currently being carried out. However, preliminary data show that after three inoculations all vaccinated animals (n=5) seroconverted to all four B. bovis antigens. At the time of the preparation of this report, vaccinated and control animals are being challenged with a virulent B. bovis strain from Israel to evaluate protection. Results from the vaccination/trial experiment will set the future directions of this work. Considering the overall results from this project, two manuscripts are currently in preparation. A manuscript currently in preparation will describe the bioinformatics analysis and antigenic evaluation of the four transmembrane B. bovis proteins as potential targets for a subunit vaccine. A second manuscript will report the results from the vaccination/challenge trial. We believe that we have successfully accomplished our objective in this project. By developing this work, we have identified, expressed, and tested conserved antigens for a potential subunit vaccine against B. bovis, and have advanced the state-of-the-art concerning the development of an efficient and sustainable control strategy to bovine babesiosis.
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Meda, Pranav, Aubrey Victoria Contreras, Wei-Hsiang Lo, Gaojian Huang, and Yue Luo. Insights for the Future of Car Rental and Ridesharing: Driving Behavior Across Different Levels of Automation. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2427.

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Autonomous vehicles are reshaping the car rental and ridesharing industries, potentially leading to a unified model of on-demand transportation suitable for both uncommon (e.g., business trips) and daily commuting. An exploratory study of human behavior towards autonomous vehicles can uncover the challenges and opportunities inherent in different levels of vehicle automation. This study aims to (a) identify behavioral differences in drivers operating vehicles at various levels of automation and (b) explore how these behaviors vary with different assistance feature styles, specifically between risky and conservative modes. Human-subject experiments were conducted among twelve participants (aged 21 to 29, including four women) to complete simulated driving trials under different levels of automation (Levels 0, 3, and 5), assistance features (risky and conservative modes), and driving activities (lane keeping and lane changing). Measures of driving performance, body posture, and eye movement were recorded during each trial. The data implied that: (1) driving performance: drivers exhibited stable speed and steering control at Levels 0 and 5, while speed decreased and steering variability increased obviously at Level 3; (2) driving posture: a tense posture was noted at Level 0, with potential posture preparation needed for takeover actions at Level 3; (3) eye movement: active scanning and continuous control were maintained at Level 0, with notable shifts in attention at Levels 3 and 5. Further research could focus on conducting on-road tests, using equipment designed for on-road tests and broadening the demographic range of participants.
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Pu, Fenglan, Tianli Li, Yingqiao Wang, Chunmei Tang, Chen Shen, and Jianping Liu. Cordyceps preparations for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy: A protocol of systematic review of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0098.

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Review question / Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of cordyceps preparations as a complementary preventive therapy for Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Condition being studied: At present, contrast agents are widely used in diagnostic and interventional radiology examinations worldwide. However, they can affect kidney function and cause a risk of renal impairment. Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is defined as a rise in serum creatinine (SCr) levels by ≥ 25% of baseline or 44 µmol/l from the pre-contrast value within 72 h of intravascular administration of a contrast agent in the absence of an alternative etiology. The incidence of CIN varies widely among studies depending on study population and baseline risk factors, as for high-risk groups such as pre-existing renal insufficiency, diabetes, advanced age, or receiving nephrotoxic agents, the incidence is up to 30–50%. To date, CIN has been the third most common cause of hospital-acquired renal failure, after impaired renal perfusion and nephrotoxic medications, which can lead to longer hospital stay, increased costs and higher mortality.
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Zhong, Lingyuan, JL Wang, Y. Bo, N. Luo, and PS Hao. Pharmaceutical preparations of periplaneta Americana for Skin Ulcer：a protocol for a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0131.

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Wang, Jiali, Lingyuan Zhong, Yang Bo, Nan Luo, and Pingsheng Hao. Pharmaceutical preparations of periplaneta Americana for Pressure ulcer: a protocol for a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0082.

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Wang, Hao, and Yulai Xu. Chemopreventive Effects of Immunotrophic Preparations in the Development of Prostate Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0037.

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Review question / Objective: After successful treatment with ADT, most patients with advanced disease eventually develop resistance and progress to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), which remains an incurable disease.Low survival and high mortality of PCa are associated with the appearance of CRPC and subsequent metastatic disease. To advance the fight against PCa, it is necessary to continue basic and clinical research to improve testing, prevention and treatment practices. However, under current treatments, prevention should be seen as a basic strategy to reduce PCa morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological studies have shown that a healthy diet may significantly affect the occurrence and progression of prostate cancer. After promising preclinical testing, several natural compounds have been evaluated in the clinic. In this study, we compared data from clinical trials on several natural chemopreventive drugs as well as chemopreventive agents that have been tested for PCa chemoprevention. Provides some grounding support for preventing the progression of prostate cancer.
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