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Journal articles on the topic 'Prepositional finite clause'
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1
Sujatna, Eva Tuckyta Sari, and Sri Wahyuni. "Nominal Group as Qualifier to ‘Someone’." English Language Teaching 10, no. 7 (June 21, 2017): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n7p257.
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The paper titled Nominal Group as Qualifier to ‘Someone’ investigated types of qualifiers which are embedded to the head ‘someone’ in a nominal group. This research was conducted in the light of Systemic Functional Linguistics analysis. The data was analyzed, classified then described using descriptive qualitative method. This research produced four classifications of nominal group as qualifier, which were clauses, prepositional phrases, nominal groups, and linked independent element. The clause as qualifier is sub-classified into finite and non-finite clauses. Further sub-classification is conducted over finite clause into Full Relative Clause (FRC), Relative Clause with Preposition (RCP), and Contact Clause (CC). Further sub-classification over non-finite clause resulted in Operative Imperfective Non Finite Clause (OINFC), Receptive Imperfective Non Finite Clause (RINFC), and Operative Perfective Non Finite Clause (OPNFC). This research also found qualifiers which consisted of two or more linked non-embedding elements.
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Gunkel, Lutz, and Jutta Hartmann. "Remarks on prepositional object clauses in Germanic." Nordlyd 44, no. 1 (October 12, 2020): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/12.5244.
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This paper analyses the variation we find in the realization of finite clausal complements in the position of prepositional objects in a set of Germanic languages. The Germanic languages differ with respect to whether prepositions can directly select a clause (North Germanic) or not and instead need a prepositional proform (Continental West Germanic). Within the Continental West Germanic languages, we find further differences with respect to the constituent structures. We propose that German strong vs. weak prepositional proforms (e.g. drauf vs. darauf) differ with respect to their syntax, while this is not the case for the Dutch forms (ervan vs. daarvan). What the Germanic languages under consideration share is that the prepositional element can be covert, except in English. English shows only limited evidence for the presence of P with finite clauses in the position of prepositional objects generally, but only with a selected set of verbs. This investigation is a first step towards a broader study of the nature of clauses in prepositional object positions and the implications for the syntax of clausal complementation.
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Tallerman, Maggie. "Infinitival Clauses in Breton." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 42, no. 1-2 (June 1997): 205–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000841310001687x.
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In Breton, lexical subjects occur both in finite clauses and infinitival clauses. Within the Principles and Parameters model, the question arises as to how infinitival subjects can be Case-licensed, since the finite Tense element associated with Case-licensing in finite clauses is absent from infinitival clauses. Infinitival subjects are, however, preceded by some prepositional element, and previous accounts have proposed that these are Case-markers, assigning abstract Case to the subjects. However, prepositional elements also occur in controlled infinitival clauses—which have the null subject PRO—yet lexical subjects and PRO are not interchangeable. In this article, it is proposed that the crucial property associated with the Case-licensing of lexical subjects in all Breton clause types is subject agreement. This occurs not only on finite verbs, but also on the prepositional elements in infinitival clauses, which are sometimes complementizers and sometimes AgrSP heads. Clauses containing PRO, however, lack subject agreement, and hence cannot license lexical subjects.
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Zhang, Niina Ning. "Sentence-final aspect particles as finite markers in Mandarin Chinese." Linguistics 57, no. 5 (September 25, 2019): 967–1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0020.
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Abstract In Mandarin Chinese, sentence-final aspect particles ne, le, and laizhe may occur in some types of embedded clauses, but not in other types, such as the complement of a control verb, a raising verb, lai ‘come’ and qu ‘go’, a non-epistemic modal, and the prepositional complementizer dui ‘to’. These latter types of clauses systematically show properties of nonfinite clauses in other languages. They are intrinsically embedded, ban pro-drop, their clause boundaries may be invisible for binding, and they disallow a speaker-oriented adverb and an epistemic modal. The restrictions on the distribution of the particles indicate that they are used in finite clauses only, although the language has no tense or case marker. The paper argues that finite clauses show speaker-oriented properties whereas nonfinite ones do not; instead, nonfinite clauses exhibit higher-clause-oriented properties. Identifying the role of speaker in the finiteness distinction reveals the capacity of finite clauses, whether or not the capacity is marked overtly.
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Gast, Volker. "I gave it him — on the motivation of the ‘alternative double object construction’ in varieties of British English." Ditransitivity 14, no. 1 (March 16, 2007): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.14.1.04gas.
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Three ditransitive constructions can be found in varieties of British English: (i) the ‘prepositional object construction’, where the recipient is encoded as a prepositional phrase (gave it to him); (ii) the ‘canonical double object construction’, where the recipient precedes the theme (gave him it); and (iii) the ‘alternative double object construction’, where the theme precedes the recipient (gave it him). The last of these constructions is typically found in (north)western varieties of British English when both objects are pronominal, and most of the relevant varieties have a ‘canonical’ ordering (REC > TH) when the theme is non-pronominal. Consequently, there seems to be an ‘inconsistency’ in the clause structure of the varieties in question. Using comparative and historical evidence, this article addresses the question of how this inconsistency can be explained. The ‘paradigmatic mismatch’ under discussion is shown to be a remnant of Old English clause structure which can also be observed in other verb second languages such as Modern German. It is argued to result from a tendency for both verb positions (finite/left and non-finite/right) to attract direct objects. This tendency is regarded as an effect of performance preferences in natural language discourse.
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ALDEZABAL, I., M. ARANZABE, K. GOJENOLA, M. ORONOZ, K. SARASOLA, and A. ATUTXA. "Application of finite-state transducers to the acquisition of verb subcategorization information." Natural Language Engineering 9, no. 1 (March 2003): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324903003097.
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This paper presents the design and implementation of a finite-state syntactic grammar of Basque that has been used with the objective of extracting information about verb subcategorization instances from newspaper texts. After a partial parser has built basic syntactic units such as noun phrases, prepositional phrases, and sentential complements, a finite-state parser performs syntactic disambiguation, determination of clause boundaries and filtering of the results, in order to obtain a verb occurrence together with its associated syntactic components, either complements or adjuncts. The set of occurrences for each verb is then filtered by statistical measures that distinguish arguments from adjuncts.
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Williams, Ian A. "Towards a target-oriented model for quantitative contrastive analysis in translation studies." Languages in Contrast 6, no. 1 (June 23, 2006): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.6.1.02wil.
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This paper describes the design of a 192-text Spanish-English specialized corpus of biomedical research articles (RAs) divided into three 64-text subcorpora (English texts, their corresponding Spanish translations, and Spanish comparable texts) for use in quantitative contrastive analysis. The paper also presents an exploratory study analysing theme–rheme structure in these subcorpora. Two definitions of theme were used: Halliday’s ideational theme and preverbal theme (i.e., all clause constituents before the finite verb of the main clause). The study adopted a target-oriented approach and assessed the acceptability of the translated texts with regard to the statistical norm of the comparable native-speaker Spanish subcorpus. Statistically significant differences were found for marked theme and its different syntactic manifestations (prepositional phrase adjunct and subordinate clauses) and there was evidence of a different thematic distribution within the semantic category person (researcher, patient, first person). The most striking results were found for different measures of theme length, suggesting a consistent information overload in the thematic zone in the whole RA and in the individual rhetorical sections except for the Introduction. The translated texts occupy a kind of no-man’s land half-way between the source articles and the independently created Spanish RAs. A refined three-stage model of the study design is proposed for future target-oriented quantitative and qualitative research into translation.
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Gentens, Caroline, and Juhani Rudanko. "The Great Complement Shift and the role of understood subjects: The case of fearful." Folia Linguistica 53, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 51–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2019-2004.
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Abstract This article reports on a corpus-based study of diachronic change and constructional competition in the system of English complementation, with a focus on variation in non-finite complements of the adjective fearful. Fearful occurs with prepositional (of -ing) subject-controlled gerunds and with to-infinitives, which can further be distinguished into subject extraposition, subject control, and tough-constructions. Recent decades show a drastic decline of the to-infinitival patterns, concomitant to the loss of one of the senses of fearful. We examine the diachronic distribution and competition of the two construction pairs that show functional overlap, i.e. tough-constructions and extraposition constructions on the one hand, and infinitival and gerundial subject-control patterns on the other. This allows us to show the import of the ‘Great Complement Shift’ in the face of constructional attrition and to investigate new principles motivating the choice for either the to-infinitival or the gerundial subject-control construction. More specifically, the study provides further evidence for the ‘Choice Principle’, which involves the (lack of) agentivity of the understood subject in the event described by the lower clause. In this way, the study adds new explanatory factors and descriptive insights to our knowledge of the broader diachronic change known as the Great Complement Shift.
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KWABENA, SYLVESTER, and Abraham Okrah. "Exploring the Syntax of the Mo/Deg Adjective phrase." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 6, no. 2 (September 16, 2015): 906–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v6i2.2951.
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This study is largely syntactic and descriptive, and it explores the structure of the Mo/Deg adjective phrase. It, thus, provides answers to the question, What is the nature of the Mo/Deg adjective phrase? Data was gathered from thirty-five (35) literate native Mo/Deg speakers who were also very skilful in English language using purposive sampling as the ability to speak and write well in both English and Mo/Deg was crucial. Short simple English sentences which have the structure of the adjective were designed and given to the respondents to rewrite in Mo/Deg.This was done to observe the nature of the adjective structure in the language. Some of the sentences were also given to some staff of the Mo/Deg project of the Ghana Institute of Linguistics, Literacy and Bible Translation (GILLBT) to translate into Mo/Deg because they are ones considered to have deeper formal knowledge of the language. This was to make sure that the correct and acceptable order of the linguistic items in the adjective phrase in the Mo/Deg language was obtained. The translations comprised the data which were analysed using the Systemic Grammar concept of the adjectival group (phrase). The results showed that the Mo/Deg adjective phrase has place for the headword (H) and the qualifier (Q) but does not have a modifier (M). It further found out that the qualifier function in the adjective phrase in the language may be realised by the adverb, the prepositional phrase, and the finite clause. The paper, thus, concluded that the adjective phrase in Mo/Deg language is quite a complex one though without a modifier.
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Faarlund, Jan Terje. "A cluster of changes: Norwegian word order." Oslo Studies in Language 12, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/osla.8902.
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Among the syntactic changes that can be observed in the transition from Old Norwegian to Modern Norwegian are the following word order changes: loss of OV order, object shift from a VP containing a verb (non-finite verb or any verb in a subordinate clause), preverbal preposition, and topicalization of a bare head. The fact that these changes all seemto occurat the same timeis not accidental. Old Norwegian was arguably a VO language, like Modern Norwegian, but unlike Modern Norwegian, OV order was also possible.It can be shown that it is possible to derive sentences with object shift with a verb in VP, sentences with preverbal prepositions, and with topicalized heads only from an OV structure. Therefore, when the OV order was no longer available, the other three structures could no longer be derived.
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Jasionytė-Mikučionienė, Erika. "On adverbial clauses in spoken Lithuanian." Lietuvių kalba, no. 15 (December 28, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2020.22443.
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The aim of the paper is to investigate adverbial clauses of time, cause, condition and concession in spontaneous private communication. The study explores semantic relations between the main and subordinate clauses, grammatical features and predominant conjunctions.The data for the research was collected from the morphologically annotated Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian, namely, its sub-corpus of spontaneous private speech which is used at home, at friends’ place, or which is produced by close friends.The analysis of spontaneous private communication shows that the finite adverbial clauses of time, cause, condition and concession are related to a set of conjunctions, but other indicators such as the use of verbal categories (especially tense, aspect and mood), contextual lexical markers as well as pragmatic inference also help to determine the semantic relationship between the main and the subordinate clause.In a spoken language, temporal clauses are usually combined with the conjunctions kai, kaip ‘when’, kol ‘while’, less frequently – with kada ‘when’; causal clauses are combined with the conjunction nes ‘because; since’, less frequently – with kad and kadangi ‘because’; conditional clauses are typically combined with the conjunction jeigu ‘if’, less frequently – with jei ‘if’, concessive clauses – with the conjunction nors ‘though’. The conjunctions kai ‘when’, kol ‘while’, kadangi ‘because’, jeigu and jei ‘if’ correlate with the particle tai that is very frequent in a spoken language, while the conjunction nors ‘though’ – with the contrastive conjunction bet ‘but’.In the natural language flow, the structure of adverbial sentences is modified: other sentential and discourse units can intervene between the main and the subordinate clauses, and the adverbial conjunction moves from the initial to the medial position.Traditional Lithuanian grammars emphasise that the position of adverbial clauses is undefined: they can appear before or after the main clause. However, the analysis of spontaneous speech shows that the position of a subordinate clause is influenced by the semantic relationship between the clauses. If a subordinate clause refers to a previous action or event, then it dominates in a preposition. Besides, the position of an adverbial clause is also influenced by correlative conjunctions: the main clause with the correlative particle tai dominates in the postposition.The research also revealed that Lithuanian adverbial clauses could function at the discourse level: in dialogues, the structure of a complex sentence is broken down and subordinate adverbial clauses can acquire additional – discourse – functions. Adverbial conjunctions, in their turn, can indicate relations with a previous discourse.
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He, Qingshun. "Reflections on the Grammatical Category of before, after and since Introducing Non-finite -ing Clauses: A Corpus Approach." English Language Teaching 9, no. 10 (September 13, 2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n10p111.
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<p>English language learners may be confused in identifying the grammatical category of such conjunctive expressions as <em>before, after </em>and<em> since</em> introducing non-finite <em>-ing</em> clauses. In this article, we will conduct a corpus-based investigation of hypotactic conjunctions and conjunctive prepositions following the principle of unidirectional transfer in grammatical metaphor proposed by He and Yang (2014) within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The research concludes that hypotactic conjunctions tend to transfer to zero conjunctions and <em>before, after </em>and<em> since</em> introducing non-finite <em>-ing</em> clauses should be included into the grammatical category of conjunctive prepositions.</p>
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Blühdorn, Hardarik, and Tinka Reichmann. "Adverbiale Satzverknüpfungen im Portugiesischen und Deutschen: Schnittstellen zwischen Syntax, Semantik und Diskurs." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 129, no. 3 (August 2013): 702–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2013-0068.
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AbstractThis article deals with finite adverbial subordinate clauses and adverbial infinitivals. In Portuguese, as in other Romance languages, adverbial infinitivals are used more frequently and for a greater diversity of functions than in German. The article focuses on the semantic and textual differences between finite clauses and infinitivals. It is shown that infinitivals, by means of their introducing prepositions, link the described state of affairs to the surrounding text (sentence coherence). As they lack a verbal mood component, they cannot connect the state of affairs to the speaker and the ongoing discourse. Finite adverbial clauses are linked to their syntactic context by means of subordinating conjunctions. In addition, they are connected deictically to the speaker and the ongoing discourse by the verbal tense and mood components (discourse coherence).
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Hill, Virginia. "The emergence of the Romanian supine." Journal of Historical Linguistics 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 230–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.3.2.03hil.
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The supine starts to occur in Early Modern Romanian (EMR) by the late 16th century, during the general process of replacement of infinitives in subordinated clauses. The supine replaces the infinitive in non-finite relative clauses. In this article, I argue that EMR, but not other languages (e.g., Balkan Slavic) provided ambiguity in the primary linguistic data in the context of infinitival de-relatives, because of the underspecification of de for grammatical category (i.e., either preposition or relativizing complementizer). The ambiguity led to two parallel derivations — a PP-de and a CP-de — each of them being an alternative to the infinitive relative. The latter configuration preserves the relativizing status of de, while the former reanalyzes de as a preposition.
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Bayu Pratama, I. Gede Pande, Ni Made Susini, and Anak Agung Gede Suarjaya. "FORMS AND MEANINGS OF ADJUNCTS IN JAMES’ FIFTY SHADES OF FREED." KULTURISTIK: Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya 2, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/kulturistik.2.2.753.
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This study is specifically aimed at identifying the forms of adjuncts and the meanings they carry. In order to analyze the data, descriptive-qualitative approach was applied in this research. The data are sentences which contain adverbials functioning as adjuncts and they were taken from a novel entitled Fifty Shades of Freed, written by Erika Leonard Mitchell, also known as E.L. James (2012). They were collected through library research and then presented informally by providing some examples and elaborations. There are some important points that can be concluded based on the results of analysis. First, adjuncts may appear in many forms, either phrases or clauses. Phrases forming adjuncts found in this novel are noun phrases, adverb phrases, and prepositional phrases. Meanwhile, clauses forming adjuncts which appear in this novel are finite verb clauses, non-finite verb clauses (including to-infinitive, bare infinitive, -ing participles, and -ed participles), and verbless clauses. Secondly, there are various meanings carried by adjuncts found in Fifty Shades of Freed. Adjuncts which denote space or place carry the meanings of position, direction, and distance. Adjuncts referring to time carry the meanings of time position, duration, frequency, and time relationship. Adjuncts showing process carry the meanings of manner, means, instrument, and agentive. Besides, there are also adjuncts which imply respect, cause, purpose, and concession found in this novel.
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Rahmawati, Yulita Rusli. "ANALISIS STRUKTUR EKSPERIENSIAL PADA TERJEMAHAN UNSUR POST-MODIFIER DALAM KELOMPOK NOMINA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KUALITAS TERJEMAHAN DALAM BUKU TO BEE OR NOT TO BEE KARYA JOHN PENBERTHY." PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v3i2.8528.
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This research aims to determine the forms of post-modifier on nominal group, the use of translation technique, and the impact of the translation technique to the translation quality in the book To Bee or Not to Bee. The elements have their roles and functions experientially. In order to get the aspect of readability of the nominal group, the translator must have understanding of how the nominal group is formed based on the experiential structure. This research uses descriptive and qualitative based on Systemic Functional Linguistics Approach. The data collecting techniques used in this research are criterion- based sampling and document analysis by using document analysis, questionnaire and interview in order to obtain the data by giving some questions to the informants. The results of this research show that there are 536 used in this research which consist of non-finite clauses such as relative clauses, participle clauses (past and present) and to-infinitive. The results show there are 124 data (59,61 %) unchanged, 78 data (37,50%) shifting and 6 data (2,89 %) untranslated. Adjective phrases consist of 54 data (10,08 %) with 39 data (72,22 %) unchanged, 14 data (25,93 %) shifting and 1 data (1,85 %) untranslated. Preposition phrases consist of 274 data (51,11 %) with 143 data (52,19 %) unchanged, 97 data (35,41 %) shifting and 34 data (12,40 %) untranslated. The applications of the translation techniques used in this research are single techniques, double techniques, and triple techniques. They have impacts to the translation quality especially in the forms of post-modifier in the nominal groups.
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Richard Appiah, Kingsley, Christopher Ankomah, Harrison Yaw Osei, and Timothy Hattoh-Ahiaduvor. "Structural Organisation of Research Article Titles: A Comparative Study of Titles of Business, Gynaecology and Law." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.3p.145.
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Since titles are gateways to the heart of research articles (RAs), their organisational structure should be regarded very crucial in appealing to the potential reader. This study aimed to investigate how titles of RAs are presented in three disciplines (Gynaecology/Obstetrics, Business, and Law). After a thorough study of 574 titles, the study revealed that Business titles were averagely longer than those in the other two disciplines. In terms of title style, it was revealed that the Single Unit Title was extensively used in Gynaecology/Obstetrics and Law, while the Compound Unit Title dominated the Business titles. Syntactically, Noun Phrases extremely dominated the Single Unit Titles across the three domains. Detailed examination of the NP modifications showed that nominal titles which were both Pre and Post-modified were highly frequent in all the disciplines, which contrasts what is in the literature. The study also identified the Prepositional Phrase as the commonest structure used in post-modifying the nominal structures than using non-finite clauses in all the disciplines. Again, colon was the most predominant punctuation mark used in partitioning the Compound Unit Titles across the three disciplines, with Law recording the highest followed by Gynaecology/Obstetrics and Business. Lastly, the data exhibited high frequency of Domain-Specific words in the titles more than Research-Based words across the disciplines. This study provides useful information on the nature of effective RA titles to novice writers and advanced authors. It also informs the teaching of academic writing skills.
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Efransyah, Efransyah. "ANALYZING THEMATIC STRUCTURE IN INDONESIAN FOLKTALES IN ENGLISH VERSION: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR (SFG)." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 1, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v1i2.p85-94.
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This research is entitled “Analyzing Thematic Structure in Indonesian Folktales in English Version: A Systemic Functional Grammar Study (SFG)”. The objectives of this study are analyzing and describing the themes, their elements and thematic progressions of Indonesian Folktales in English Version. The collected data, in this research, were taken from the book entitled “Indonesian Folktales” published in 1981 by Pustaka Media Publisher. One data, Princess Sumur Bandung which consists of 50 paragraphs and 221 clauses was chosen to be analyzed based on the theory of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) of Gerot and Wignell (1994). The method and technique used in this study are a descriptive qualitative method. The results of this research reveal that (1) there are two kinds of theme-rheme patterns are found; they are simple theme-rheme patterns and multiple theme-rheme patterns. In details, the simple theme-rheme patterns contain constant theme-rheme pattern, linear theme-theme rheme pattern, and derived theme-rheme pattern, while multiple ones contain a combination of constant and linear theme, a combination of linear and derived theme, and a combination of constant, linear and derived theme-rheme pattern. Besides, the combination of constant and linear theme-rheme pattern are the most frequently distributed. While the elements of themes which found are textual, interpersonal and ideational elements. Textual elements cover continuative, structural conjunction, wh-relative and conjunctive adjunct. Interpersonal elements cover modal adjunct, vocative, wh-interrogative and finite verbal operator. Ideational elements cover nominal group, noun, adverbial group, prepositional phrase, process, complement, group complex and adverb.
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Bochari, Siska, ,. Afrillia Anggreni, and Maf’ulah Maf’ulah. "Students' Grammatical Errors in Composing English Passive Sentences." IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 8, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 588–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v8i2.1688.
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Students in learning English grammar often experience difficulties, and are influenced by the first language, namely Indonesian. Students are influenced by the first language, Indonesian, in composing passive sentences and changing active sentences into passive sentences without first identifying the tense used. The students' difficulties in composing passive sentences resulted in difficulties in writing text properly. This is because most students do not understand how to change the active voice to the passive voice, use auxiliary verbs, and identify the tense. The study uses descriptive qualitative method that aims to analyze errors in the preparation of English passive sentences made by the 4th semester students of the English Education Study Program, Tadulako University. In arranging the passive form and which passive form is the most difficult for students to understand and after analyzing the students' mistakes in composing passive sentences, the researchers concluded that of the 50 students who became respondents, the problems that students make in composing passive sentences are 1) changing word order caused by not being able to distinguish between subject and object, 2) not understanding the tense used in active sentences resulting in a change in the auxiliary verb form, 3) reducing or eliminating one of the constituent elements passive, such as the BY preposition, auxiliary verb be, or the suffix –ED to the regular verb. 4) generalizing all passive sentence patterns. Type of error becoming the most dominant thing that students do in making noun clauses is misordering, which is changing the position of the subject and the object without considering the passive patterns and verbs that the sentence has. Next, the passive voice which is the most difficult for students to make is that they had difficulty in constructing passive sentences using the main sentence HAVE or GET followed by a non-finite verb (past participle).