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1
Wanodyatama, Nike Puspita. "The Types and Functions of Prepositions in P.S. I Love You Movie by Richard Lagravenese." Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa 14, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ld.v14i1.108564.
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A research is entitled The Types and Functions of Prepositions in P.S. I Love You movie by Richard LaGravenese. This paper is intended to analyze the types of prepositions and the functions of prepositions. The writer uses descriptive method to establish this research. The aims of the research are to know the types of preposition and to identify the preposition functions which are used in P.S. I Love You movie. The result of the research shows the types of prepositions that appear in the movie are the preposition of time, preposition of place, preposition of manner, and preposition of direction. Meanwhile, the functions of prepositions that appear in P.S. I Love You movie are the function as head of prepositional phrases, noun phrase modifier, noun phrase complement, adjunct and adverbial, and the fuction as particle.
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Klobukova, Lyubov P., and Ekaterina N. Vinogradova. "Who are you, Mr. Russian preposition?" XLinguae 15, no. 3 (June 2022): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2022.15.03.13.
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In this article, a portrait of Russian prepositions as a part of speech is presented. The analysis of grammars and dictionaries has shown that there is no certain list of Russian prepositions and that the image of this part of speech is quite blurry. The author reveals the main “prepositional” blank spots for Russian linguistics: the fast growth of preposition-like units, the lack of objective criteria to separate prepositions and non-prepositions, and a disputable academic (traditional) classification of prepositions. Some feasible solutions for overcoming these research difficulties are suggested, such as the use of descriptive terms and a notion of field, revision of syncategorematic parts of speech and prepositional classifications, as well as searching for reliable tests for membership in prepositions.
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Čurković, Amela. "Distinction between prepositions zbog and radi in translation from German." Zbornik radova 19, no. 19 (December 15, 2021): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51728/issn.2637-1480.2021.19.473.
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This article discusses the use of prepositions zbog and radi in the Bosnian language as translation equivalents of the German preposition wegen based on a selected literary corpus. It is often the case in everyday speech that the difference in the meaning between these two prepositions is not noticed and often not understood by the native speakers of the Bosnian language. However, this sometimes also happens in the literary language, i.e., in the translation of literature, to which this paper pays attention. The starting point for the contrastive analysis between the two languages is the use of the preposition wegen in the prepositional phrase functioning as an adverb phrase in German, when it shows several nuances of meaning. Namely, the primary meaning of the preposition wegen is causal, but it is also used with the meaning of goal or intention. Consequently, in the translation to the Bosnian language we follow the difference in the use of the preposition zbog with the meaning of cause and radi with the meaning of goal or intention. Keywords: prepositions, meaning of prepositions, genitive case, prepositional-case phrase, position of the preposition, contrastive analysis.
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Gochev, Gocho, and Sijka Gocheva. "Semantic-syntagmatic characteristics of prepositions in Bulgarian double-preposition constructions." Bulgarski Ezik i Literatura-Bulgarian Language and Literature 65, no. 6 (December 9, 2023): 586–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/bel2023-6-2g.
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The semantic-syntagmatic analysis of Bulgarian double-preposition constructions reveals that they are formed through two main mechanisms - semantic (linguistic) and notional (non-linguistic). Semantic constructions are characterised by combinations of prepositions in synonymous relations, while notional constructions arise when a broad-meaning preposition is combined with a prepositional phrase. The synonymous semantic relation of the two prepositions turns them into a single unit with a single meaning. In notional constructions, prepositions do not form a single semantic whole, but rather function as markers of relevance and are involved in the organization of the utterance / sentence as meaning-forming elements. The word order in double-preposition constructions depends on the semantic content of the meanings of the prepositions: in case of relatively similar content, word order is free, while in the presence of a preposition with a broad semantic content, it is fixed, i.e. the preposition with the broader content appears in initial position. The identification of semantic and notional varieties not only helps to systematize double-preposition constructions, but can also serve to distinguish them from prepositions co-occurring for some other reason.
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Apaeva, S. H., and D. A. Zhaparkulova. "MEANING AND FUNCTION OF PREPOSITIONS IN CHINESE AND RUSSIAN." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 3-2020 (October 5, 2020): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2020.3.379-384.
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This article discusses the differences in the meanings and functions of a preposition in Russian and Chinese. In the aspect of morphology and syntax, separate features of the formation of Chinese prepositions are analyzed. Examples of different functionality of prepositions in two languages are given. It also provides examples of translation of individual prepositions, prepositional structures and whole sentences. Comparison of Russian prepositions with the corresponding Chinese prepositions is very important both scientifically and practically. It is important for the methodology of teaching a language, helps to correctly select and arrange educational material.
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KUSHCH, Natalia. "PREPOSITIONAL SYSTEM OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE: SEMANTIC ASPECT." INNOVATIONS IN THE SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL AND SOCIAL ECOSYSTEMS 1, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56378/nkku2022230304.
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The purpose of the study is the interpretation of prepositions of the modern Ukrainian language, in particular the study of semantic types of secondary prepositions. The methodology of the study is based on the philosophical approach of learning new relevant teachings about the functional units of the language, evaluating the principles of interpretation of prepositions and their analogues, practical use of the obtained results. Descriptive, component, structural, distributive research methods were used. The scientific novelty consists in solving the question of the actual interpretation of the preposition, the explanation of the modern processes of the transition of full-meaning words into prepositions, the development of new semantic types denoted by secondary prepositions. The Conclusions. The study of the prepositional system developed in three main directions. The most common concept is the interpretation of the preposition as an official part of speech with a weakened lexical meaning. Derivative prepositions are units (structurally - synthetic (one-component) / analytical (multicomponent)), functionally and semantically identical to prepositions, but structurally more complex.
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Haedariah, Haedariah. "FRASA PREPOSISIONAL BERMAKNA TEMPAT DALAM KALIMAT BAHASA BUGIS: SUATU KAJIAN STRUKTUR DAN SEMATIK." Prosodi 15, no. 1 (April 24, 2021): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/prosodi.v15i1.10487.
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The research entitled "Prepositional Phrases Meaningful Places in Bugis Sentences" describe prepositions in Bugis in terms of form, meaning and category. The method used in this research is descriptive distribution. The main data of this research comes from written language, while the oral and artificial data are used as supporting data. The research aims to (1) describe the prepositions of the meaning of places in Buginese, (2) describe the linguistic elements associated with Bugis language prepositions, (3) describe the functions occupied by prepositional phrases meaning place in Bugis language, and (4) describe the meaning the place contained in the prepositions in the Buginese language. The results of this study. Keywords: Prasa, Preposition, Linguistic Elements, Syntax Function
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Ibishi, Arijeta, Gëzim Xhaferri, and Biljana Ivanovska. "ERROR ANALYSIS BY USING THE PREPOSITIVE COMPLEMENT – A STUDY WITH ALBANIAN-SPEAKING GERMAN LEARNERS IN NORTH MACEDONIA." Folia linguistica et litteraria XIII, no. 44 (January 31, 2023): 103–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.44.2023.6.
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The goal of this paper is the contrastive analysis of the prepositions and prepositional supplements of the German and Albanian language. This paper also analyzes and assesses the difficulties of learning a foreign language and the causes of the error frequency in the Albanian native speakers learning German as a foreign language concerning the prepositions and prepositional supplements. It further provides an overview of the problems during the usage of prepositions required by verbs, adjectives and nouns by Albanian learners of the German language. Additionally, there will be an evaluation of the error analysis and the presentation of some methods which provide an easier way to learn the correct usage of the prepositional objects. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to investigate the reasons for the errors, so they can be avoided in the future. It often happens that foreign language learners unconsciously use a construction from another language when they are in a stressful situation, in which they have not yet mastered this construction in German or they cannot think of the correct form at the moment. However, this does not mean that the construction is necessarily taken from their mother tongue (in our case Albanian). It also happens that learners automatically fall back on another foreign language that they speak better than German. This also applies to the prepositions in prepositional supplements. It often happens that learners use the preposition ‘von’ in German instead the English counterpart ‘from’ or the English preposition ‘to’ instead the German ‘zu’. In their native language, the learners use the correct prepositions because these have already been automated since childhood through extensive influence on the language. In the foreign language, the prepositions still have to be become automatic, although it is quite understandable that the learners unconsciously transfer the prepositions from Albanian or from another foreign language into German. In summary, it takes a lot of patience and practice to master the governed prepositions in prepositional supplements. Further research in the field of the methodology of prepositional objects is urgently needed. There are not enough methodological techniques to make it easier to master the required prepositions.
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Lehmann, Christian. "Complex spatial prepositions from Latin to Castilian." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 54, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 93–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.00017.leh.
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Abstract From among the various processes that form prepositions in the history from Latin to Castilian, the investigation concentrates on the formation of prepositional adverbs like Spanish delante (de) ‘in front (of)’. There are two mechanisms for their formation: (a) An adverb or a preposition is preceded by a superordinate simple local preposition which initially specifies a local relation, but ends up as a reinforcing expansion of its base; and (b) an adverb is converted into a preposition by a following functional preposition which serves as a relationalizer. In case #a, the syntactic structure is often destroyed by univerbation, and the resulting reinforced preposition is lexicalized. In case #b, the alternation between adverb and relationalized preposition is regular and bidirectional, so that the combination of adverb and relationalizer is normally not univerbated. The exception desde is given some attention. As a result, the formation of prepositions of this structure is, at the outset, not a matter of word formation, and such complex prepositions are therefore not compound prepositions, but instead lexicalized univerbations.
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ROHDENBURG, GÜNTER. "The Complexity Principle at work with rival prepositions." English Language and Linguistics 24, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 769–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674319000327.
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The present corpus-based study deals with eight sets of rivalling prepositions in verb-dependent prepositional phrases. The two or three members of these sets, though equivalent in specific uses, differ in terms of functional explicitness. For instance, in directional uses, into can be regarded as more explicit than in. The main objective is to demonstrate for each of these sets that, in line with the Complexity Principle, the more explicit items are favoured in more complex grammatical environments. The contexts under scrutiny include those produced by passivisation, Heavy NP Shift, object relativisation, the use of full object NPs rather than personal pronouns, and preposition stranding. Thus, we observe that – compared with basic active clauses – preposition stranding in the active induces increased shares of the more explicit prepositions in question. Predictably, even higher degrees of prepositional explicitness are found with the combination of preposition stranding and passivisation. Also, it is shown that Heavy NP Shift tends to trigger greater proportions of the more explicit prepositions than object relativisation. The observed tendencies hold for Present-day English and earlier stages of English as well as for morphologically related and unrelated rival prepositions.
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Shubina, E. L. "STILISTIC AND SYNTACTIC VARIATION OF GERMAN PREPOSITIONS." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(36) (June 28, 2014): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-3-36-239-245.
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This work is devoted to the stylistic and syntactic variation of prepositions per and via in the publicistic style of modern German language. The similarity of German prepositions with the units of significant vocabulary in the aspect of variation is expressed through inherent in all level of words synonymic replacements. One of the special features of the prepositional system of modern German language is its openness, that is sun in the rapid replenishment at the expense of the transition of the prepositions borrowed from other languages. The pretexts per and via actively penetrate into social and political journalism together with the borrowed words and discover the combinability of both concrete and abstract nouns. Both prepositions are functionally semantic field of instrumentalnosti, discover the same regularity of use. But for proper names the combination with the preposition via. The stylistic variation of the considered prepositions consists in the selectivity of functional styles and in the variable use of the prepositions on the basis of the similar definitions. The analysis of the press materials has shown, that for the mentioned prepositions characteristically different case control. Despite the recommendations of grammarians, there prepositions are capable to connected to more than one form of this case. The preposition per manages not only accusative case, as it is indicated by the normative grammar, but also to dative. The most intensive variation of forms is peculared to the preposition via, which manages accusative, genitive and dative cases. Among the syntactic factors the greatest effects on the fluctuations in the use of prepositions in modern German language make an impact on structural-formal particulary, the presence/absence of the articles or a cover word before the managed noun, preposition/postposition of the preposition, the type of the declination combined with the preposition of the noun.
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Vinogradova, Ekaterina N., and Lyibov P. Klobukova. "The grammar of Russian preposition: theoretical aspects." Russian Language Studies 20, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2022-20-1-84-100.
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At present, linguists do not have sufficient tools to strictly determine whether specific prepositional units belong to prepositions as a part of speech, so it seems relevant to consider the functional-grammatical field of prepositions, which includes both prepositions themselves and units that can function as prepositions. The aim of this article is to identify, classify and describe systemic paradigmatic relations within the functional-grammatical field of prepositions. The study was conducted on the material of a registry of 3,000 prepositional units, which were collected through a continuous sampling from dictionaries and specialized works, as well as by identifying all possible variants of prepositions on the Internet and the National Corpus of the Russian language. The paradigmatic relations of the units that already have lexicographic attribution were analyzed. As a result, the graphical, morphonological and word-formation paradigms of prepositional units were identified, and their morphosyntactic and semantic paradigmatic relations were detailed. The graphical paradigm is a series of variants of different types: alphabetic, written together or separately and uncodified. The morphological paradigm includes vocalized, accented, incomplete-vowel versions, truncated, softened, differentiated by accent and inflective variants. Within the word-formation paradigm the most productive roots of prepositional units are identified. For the morphosyntactic paradigm, the possible structural subtypes were identified: thus, the form of the prepositional noun and the form of the introduced actant were relevant. In addition, the regularities of paradigm formation were revealed for prepositional units expressing different types of semantic relations. For the semantic paradigm, the dependence of a particular paradigm subtype on the type of semantic relations expressed by the prepositional units has been revealed. Considering the functional and grammatical field of the preposition as a set organized by regular relations of different types, we can identify the grammar of the preposition. Understanding the systemic relations between prepositional units opens the way to predicting systematically possible linguistic units within the field in question.
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Vinogradova, Ekaterina N., and Lyibov P. Klobukova. "The grammar of Russian preposition: theoretical aspects." Russian Language Studies 20, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2022-20-1-84-100.
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At present, linguists do not have sufficient tools to strictly determine whether specific prepositional units belong to prepositions as a part of speech, so it seems relevant to consider the functional-grammatical field of prepositions, which includes both prepositions themselves and units that can function as prepositions. The aim of this article is to identify, classify and describe systemic paradigmatic relations within the functional-grammatical field of prepositions. The study was conducted on the material of a registry of 3,000 prepositional units, which were collected through a continuous sampling from dictionaries and specialized works, as well as by identifying all possible variants of prepositions on the Internet and the National Corpus of the Russian language. The paradigmatic relations of the units that already have lexicographic attribution were analyzed. As a result, the graphical, morphonological and word-formation paradigms of prepositional units were identified, and their morphosyntactic and semantic paradigmatic relations were detailed. The graphical paradigm is a series of variants of different types: alphabetic, written together or separately and uncodified. The morphological paradigm includes vocalized, accented, incomplete-vowel versions, truncated, softened, differentiated by accent and inflective variants. Within the word-formation paradigm the most productive roots of prepositional units are identified. For the morphosyntactic paradigm, the possible structural subtypes were identified: thus, the form of the prepositional noun and the form of the introduced actant were relevant. In addition, the regularities of paradigm formation were revealed for prepositional units expressing different types of semantic relations. For the semantic paradigm, the dependence of a particular paradigm subtype on the type of semantic relations expressed by the prepositional units has been revealed. Considering the functional and grammatical field of the preposition as a set organized by regular relations of different types, we can identify the grammar of the preposition. Understanding the systemic relations between prepositional units opens the way to predicting systematically possible linguistic units within the field in question.
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Iordanskaja, Lidija, and N. Arbatchewsky-Jumarie. "Quatre prépositions causales du français." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 23, no. 1 (December 31, 2000): 115–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.23.1.05ior.
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The paper studies the meaning and the cooccurrence of four French prepositions used to express the causal relation: À CAUSE DE, SOUS L’EFFET DE, DE, and PAR. Each preposition is characterized along the three following aspects: (1) the type of causation it expresses (direct? with contact? with unity of time?); (2) semantic restrictions on the complement of the preposition — the noun phrase that denotes the cause, as well as on the phrase governing the preposition and denoting the effect; (3) the preposition’s lexical and syntactic restricted cooccurrence. The lexicographic descriptions of the four prepositions are presented.
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Krasnoschekov, E. V. "EXPRESSION OF POSSESSIVE RELATIONS IN THE ARABIC LANGUAGE AND ITS DIALECTS USING PREPOSITIONS." Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches, no. 3(30) (December 31, 2020): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/mlmdr.2020.30.3.001.
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Problem statement: In contrast to the European languages in Arabic, the expression of possessive relations occurs in other ways, namely, well-known, and in the first place these are constructions with idafa (´iḍāfah), as well as constructions with prepositions. In our work, we consider constructions with the preposition li- and the preposition min, as one of the means of expressing possession in the Arabic language. Results. In the function of prepositions to express possessive relations, in addition to the mentioned prepositions, “improper prepositions” can be used, which are usually not used as independent names. Possessive relations in the Arabic language can be expressed by particles playing the role of prepositions (inda), and official words (siwa, gayra) are also used. A similar pattern is observed in Arabic dialects. In some (Moorish) old prepositions from literary Arabic are preserved. In others (Moroccan), this function is performed by service words (d, dyāl, mtāε). Conclusion. Thus, prepositions take an active part in the expression of possession in the Arabic language and its dialects. The functions of prepositions in the Arabic language are taken over by particles. With the help of particles and words playing the role of prepositions between the components of phrases, a possessive connection can be made. Syntactically and semantically, prepositions can be replaced by the genitive or idafa construct, but in some cases the prepositional group is preferable.
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Chi, Daojia. "THE CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF CHINESE PREPOSITIONS"GĚI, DUÌ"AND CORRESPONDING UZBEK AUXILIARIES/AFFIXES." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORD ART 5, no. 3 (May 30, 2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9297-2020-5-4.
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Chinese is an isolated language. Prepositions are used to express grammatical meanings. Generally, prepositional phrases are composed of nouns. The whole prepositional phrases are mostly used as adverbials in front of sentence predicates. Uzbek is a cohesive language,affixes and auxiliaries are abundant. Affixes are placed after body parts of speech to express grammatical meanings such as location, time and object. There is no "preposition" classification in Uzbek, and most of them correspond to Chinese prepositions as "affixes or auxiliaries"
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Hudcovičová, Marianna. "Analysis of Verbal Prepositional “of” Structures." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 70, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2019-0050.
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Abstract The article presents empirical research of verbal prepositional “of“ structures, grammatical collocations of the verb and the preposition OF. The preposition OF belongs among the most frequent prepositions in the English language. The study is based on comparisons of English and Czech sentences containing verbs and prepositions that are followed by the object. Material was taken from the electronic data bank Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank 2.0. The structures were examined and analyzed from morphological, syntactical and semantic points of view. The aim of the study is to create English-Czech verbal prepositional counterparts; to create verbal prepositional groups on the grounds of the similar semantic, syntactic features; to identify the features that are the same for each verb group and generalize them; to identify trends and tendencies for verbs when they collocate with a certain preposition. The findings are presented in several charts and tables.
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Oczko, Anna. "Linguistic Conceptualization of Spatial Prepositions: Romanian ʺînʺ and Polish ʺwʺ ‒ A Comparative Approach." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 68, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2023.1.05.
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"Linguistic Conceptualization of Spatial Prepositions: Romanian “în” and Polish “w” – Comparative Approach. The Romanian preposition ""în"" corresponds to the Polish preposition ""w"". Both express the spatial relationship that consists of placing an object in a limited space; they indicate the interior of the space where something is located. In addition to this general definition in both languages, the preposition acquires other semantic functions that may be convergent, rendered directly by the pair Rom. în = Pol. w. Furthermore, representation of some linguistic relations can be different: for a Romanian speaker, the space relation could be reflected by preposition representing a closed space – în, but for a Polish speaker, it reflects an open space or a surface coralated to the Polish preposition – na. The main objective of this article is to analyze the differences that, first, result from the distinctive conceptualization of space reflected in the language using prepositions and, secondly, result from heterogenous grammatical system (Roman vs. Slavic). The analysis is based, among other things, on the frequent mistakes in the use of prepositional structures that Polish speakers make when learning Romanian. The wrong structures appear especially at the level of abstract language, in phrases or verbs, when the regime imposes prepositions or cases that do not correspond functionally to the native ones; however, the linguistic image of the space is also different and difficult to identify in the metaphorical or abstract structures. The cognitive approach allows the delineation of some image schemes that represent the core meaning of the preposition. The comparative study of the preposition in the Romanian and Polish languages shows that the prepositional system in the Romanian language is more developed and richer than the Polish one, and the latter presents a much stronger and more direct attachment to the feature of ""interiority"" expressed by the preposition ""w / în"" than in the Romanian language. Keywords: prepositions, Romanian as a Foreign Language, linguistic conceptualization, prepositional structures, polish language "
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Estiri, Majid, and Shahram Nabati. "THE STRUCTURE AND MEANING OF PHRASES WITH PREPOSITIONS "О" (ABOUT), "ПО" (ON), "ДЛЯ" (FOR) AND "С" (WITH), WHICH CORRESPOND TO PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE WITHOUT PREPOSITION IN PERSIAN." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-2-207-216.
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The article is devoted to the structural and semantic analysis of phrase with prepositions "о" (about), "по" (on), "для" (for) and "с" (with), which correspond to prepositional phrases without preposition in the Persian language. The research resources have been applied to current work include «Russian-Persian Dictionary by G.А. Voskanyan» [1] and «Comprehensive Dictionary "Sokhan"», edited by H. Anvari [10]. Russian phrases with prepositions cause various difficulties for Iranian students when translating into Persian or from Persian into Russian. The purpose of this work is a structural and semantic analysis of phrases with prepositions "о" (about), "по" (on), "для" (for) and "с" (with), as well as the analysis of the corresponding structures in the Persian language. The article shows that, Russian phrases with the mentioned prepositions that have the structure of "noun + preposition + noun" while expressing different meanings, correspond to the Persian phrases without prepositions that have different components of the word in their composition. The results can be used practically for teaching the Russian language to Iranian learners, as well as in order to minimize the mistakes of Iranian students when using and translating Russian phrases with these prepositions.
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RUGNA, GIUSEPPE, and LUDOVICO FRANCO. "Prepositions as relators in Italian Prepositional Compounds." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 8, no. 5 (October 25, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.215.
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In this paper, we propose a morphosyntactic analysis of Prepositional Compounds in Italian. We argue that while prepositions are not meaningless, their content isn’t too rich, either. We propose that they can be treated as general relators (along the lines of Manzini & Franco’s (2016) treatment of locative and oblique prepositions) which can express different directions of inclusion between the nominal items which are part of the compound. The lexicalization patterns are coherent with the syncretism found in other aspects of the grammar (e.g. locative/oblique prepositions). At the same time, the specific lexicalizations of these prepositions are ultimately determined by the morphosyntactic context in which they are embedded, highlighting the key role played by the syntactic context in shaping a vocabulary entry. One advantage of our proposal lies in its minimality: the prepositions only encode general relators with varying directionalities; they are not burdened with semantic content. The relevant interpretations of Prepositional Compounds are ultimately derived by pragmatic enrichment at the C-I interface on the basis of the elementary content expressed by the preposition.
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Sicherl, Eva. "On the Content of Prepositions in Prepositional Collocations." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 1, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2004): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.1.1-2.37-46.
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The article aims to shed some light on the problems faced by non-native speakers in the formation of so-called prepositional collocations (i.e. typical, recurrent combinations of verbal, nominal or adjectival bases with prepositional collocators). The reasons for frequent mistakes mainly lie in the meaning of the preposition used as part of collocation, which tends to be even more dispersed, abstract and difficult to define than that of the preposition used in a free combination. However, the preposition when used as a collocator seems to act, at least to some extent, as a carrier of some content; this can be proven by valency patterns: meaning-related content words (collocational bases) tend to regularly combine with identical prepositions. The fact that prepositions used in collocations also have their semantic part to contribute to the whole unit should also be considered in the classification of collocations into grammatical and lexical ones.
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Martynova, Hanna, and Tetiana Shcherbyna. "A prepositional system of the Middle Dnieper dialects." Ukrainska mova, no. 1 (2022): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2022.01.086.
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This article examines the prepositional system of the Middle Dnieper dialects of Ukrainian based on dialectal data, which singles out the core and periphery of Middle Dnieper. The integrated study of prepositions in functional-grammatical and areal aspects largely attests to the similar repertoire of language units within the core of the system of functional words, which shows its antiquity and integrity. The differences between central and peripheral dialects lie in the different functions of the original prepositions. The analysis of the dialectal data shows the relatively high ranking of the preposition v (u) over other prepositions used to express objective, spatial, temporal, logical (mode of action and purpose), and attributive and predicative semantic-syntactic relations. The use of synonymous case constructions with prepositions depending on the subject expression is the specific feature of Middle Dnieper. Keywords: Middle Dnieper, dialectal data, prepositional system, core and periphery, relative semantics, semantic and syntactic relation
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Kelleher, John D., and Fintan J. Costello. "Applying Computational Models of Spatial Prepositions to Visually Situated Dialog." Computational Linguistics 35, no. 2 (June 2009): 271–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli.06-78-prep14.
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This article describes the application of computational models of spatial prepositions to visually situated dialog systems. In these dialogs, spatial prepositions are important because people often use them to refer to entities in the visual context of a dialog. We first describe a generic architecture for a visually situated dialog system and highlight the interactions between the spatial cognition module, which provides the interface to the models of prepositional semantics, and the other components in the architecture. Following this, we present two new computational models of topological and projective spatial prepositions. The main novelty within these models is the fact that they account for the contextual effect which other distractor objects in a visual scene can have on the region described by a given preposition. We next present psycholinguistic tests evaluating our approach to distractor interference on prepositional semantics, and illustrate how these models are used for both interpretation and generation of prepositional expressions.
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Popović, Mladen. "OVER AND PREKO – AN IMAGE SCHEMA-BASED APPROACH TO CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS." PHILOLOGIA MEDIANA 14, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/phm.14.2022.19.
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Prepositions as a grammatical category are highly resistant to propositional definitions and as such they present a significant challenge not only for semantic analysis but also for in-class descriptions, each preposition generating a network of senses with no easily discernible core meaning. These factors contribute to a relative lack of theoretical frameworks devoted to prepositional meaning, preposition translation as well as effective methods via which they could be taught. This paper argues that a useful model for translation and teaching of prepositions can be derived from a revised form of Image Schema theory. For this purpose, a contrastive analysis of two prepositions – the English OVER and Serbian PREKO was performed, with the aim of demonstrating how Image Schema theory, with its inherent focus on universally understandable spatial scenes can easily account for divergent senses of translation-equivalent prepositions. Furthermore, the paper argues that the language-neutral medium of visual scene description provides a natural basis for a ‘tertium comparationis’, while also serving as a useful starting point for language teaching as it circumvents many of the problems inherent in propositional definitions.
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Rohdenburg, Günter. "Formal Asymmetries between Active and Passive Clauses in Modern English: The Avoidance of Preposition Stranding with Verbs Featuring Omissible Prepositions." Anglia 135, no. 4 (November 10, 2017): 700–744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2017-0068.
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AbstractThis paper reports on the results of a corpus-based study that deals with a hitherto neglected kind of formal asymmetry between active and passive clauses involving two-place prepositional verbs like agree. These contrasts are found in the context of two satisfied conditions: a) The preposition in question is omissible, which holds for agree in present-day British English as in They agreed (on/upon/to/with) the proposal. b) Unlike active uses, passivization of relevant prepositional options necessarily results in preposition stranding as in The proposal has been agreed on/upon/to/with. It is shown that – in both passive and active clauses – stranded prepositions tend to be omitted more often than non-stranded ones. Unlike the passive, the active provides only a restricted range of contexts compatible with the potential use of stranded prepositions. What is more, these environments are relatively infrequent with most verbs. This is what largely explains the active-passive asymmetries with the verbs explored in this paper. Crucially, however, stranded prepositions can in several cases be demonstrated to be more strongly avoided in the passive than the active, thus mirroring their cross-linguistic distribution (see e. g. Maling and Zaenen 1985; Truswell 2009). The voice contrast is found to be independent of diachronic changes resulting in either the loss or the acquisition of the prepositions involved.
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Boksa, Ewa. "Przyimek i jego użycie w pracach pisemnych dzieci dyslektycznych." Poradnik Językowy, no. 1/2021(780) (January 31, 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2021.1.2.
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The research presented in this paper is aimed to answer the question whether dyslexic people who had been diagnosed with delayed speech development before they started school use prepositions correctly in statements and how their ability to use prepositional phrases affects their formation of sentence structures. The material underlying the research on the syntactic functions of prepositions and prepositional phrases has been extracted from reports on speech development for six-year-old children and stories created by the same people many years later, when they were eighth-year students. Analyses of dyslexic students’ essays have confi rmed that one of the key indicators of developmental dyslexia, which is helpful in diagnosis, could be the preposition acquisition time as well as understanding and using this part of speech in utterances and statements. Keywords: preposition – developmental dyslexia – delayed speech development
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Bjelobaba, Saša. "La rappresentazione dei significati preposizionali locativi nelle grammatiche italiane: una valutazione dalla prospettiva delle grammaticografia croata." Italica Wratislaviensia 14, no. 1 (2023): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/iw.2022.14.1.02.
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The starting point of this study stems from the two assumptions that are commonly accepted and, to a great extent, proven within cognitive linguistics: 1. members of the category of prepositions are bearers of autonomous meanings, and 2. prepositional meanings are conditioned significantly by the concepts pertinent to the domain of space. In the light of the theoretical model of the semantic representation of prepositions previously developed by the author (2022) and his reflections on the nature of prepositional meaning in general, this article presents the results of an analysis conducted on a corpus of 13 Italian grammars published in the last 70 years. Specifically, the representations of spatial meanings of Italian prepositions as proposed by grammarians are examined. Since a clear prevalence of approaches characterised by the use of the terms of logical analysis to provide the semantic description of a preposition is identified, the author compares this trend with some models used within Croatian grammaticography. In conclusion, the author indicates some potential alternative evolutionary paths of Italian grammaticography that might lead it to a higher level of cognitive plausibility of representation of the semantic structure of a preposition.
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Atamanova, N. V., and N. V. Troshina. "Prepositional case constructions with the preposition <i>ot</i> (English <i>from</i>) in the poetry of F. I. Tyutchev." Russian language at school 85, no. 4 (July 23, 2024): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2024-85-4-70-78.
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Function words, for instance, simple prepositions, have significant potential for meaning making and are an important element of the grammatical structure of the text, which, along with the lexical one, is involved in creating the imagery of an artwork. The insufficient knowledge of the semantic charge of simple prepositions in F. I. Tyutchev’s poetic texts determined the relevance of this study. The research aims to develop a typology of the prepositional-case constructions with the preposition ot (English from) and determine their place in the authors’ dictionary of the poet’s vocabulary. To analyse the 118 uses of phrases with the preposition ot obtained from the "Concordance of the Complete Poems of F. I. Tyutchev. A–Z", we employed the descriptive method in conjunction with observation techniques; generalisation of the material; componential analysis (identification of semantic components of the meaning of the preposition ot); distributional analysis that enabled us to identify the combinability of the preposition ot with other linguistic units. When describing the meanings of prepositional-case constructions with the preposition ot, we considered the morphological and semantic features of the head and dependent words included in the phrases with case government. The study identified and analysed the object, adverbial (locative, temporal, causal, of manner), and attributive relations realised in prepositional-case constructions. Additionally, we specified additional meanings acquired by prepositional combinations in poetic texts. The research shows that constructions with the preposition ot form a fragment of the authors’ dictionary of F. I. Tyutchev’s language.
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Sardaraz, Dr Khan, and Kainat. "Syntactical Structure of English and Pashto Prepositions: A Case of IN-ON Vs PUH-KE and PUH-BANDE." sjesr 3, no. 1 (April 19, 2020): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss1-2020(76-88).
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Previous literature mainly focused on the categorization of prepositions in investigation of the syntactical structure Pashto grammar. This paper will adopt syntactical model of Svenonius to examine the syntactic structure of Pashto prepositional system and will compare it with English to find out differences between English and Pashto prepositions. Svenonius’ model has been applied to the structured data on preposition IN and ON in English and PUH-KE and PUH-BANDE in Pashto retrieved from different sources. Purposeful structured sample was used for analysis. The analysis revealed that the prepositional systems in two languages exhibit syntactic and semantic differences, which often affect the translation and learning of second language. The analysis also revealed that the Svenonius’s model has to be modified to harness the syntactical structure of Pashto language. Moreover, Pashto speakers use the contact schema more often in expression of spatial relations than the English, and this paper suggests further research into spatial schemas to comprehensively analyze the Pashto prepositions.
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ARKHIPOVA, IRINA V., and SVETLANA V. SHUSTOVA. "PRIMARY TAXIS: PROTOTYPES AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 2 (2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_2_5_16.
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The article considers the issues of prototypical semantics actualization of the primary taxis in statements with prepositional deverbatives. The focus is made on statements with prepositional deverbatives with taxis-forming prepositions während, seit, vor, nach, bis, in, bei, mit in the temporal meaning. Such statements, related to the sphere of primary (chronological, logically unconditioned) taxis, are characterized by taxis-chronological meanings of simultaneity and non-simultaneity without accompanying adverbial elements of logical conditioning (mode of action, purpose, concession, condition, cause, following, etc.). Modern fiction and non-fiction excerpts taken from German corpora served as the material for the study. Continuous sampling methods was used to select 1500 tokens containing the prepositions that were further analyzed using onomato-semasiological approach. The obtained results enabled to draw several conclusions. First, in sentences with the temporal preposition während and the heterogeneous taxis prepositions in, bei, mit in the temporal meaning, the primary taxis categorical situations of simultaneity are actualized...
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Anggraini, Windy, Reflinda Reflinda, Melyann Melani, and Irwandi Irwandi. "An Error Analysis of Prepositional of Collocation in Thesis of English Education Department IAIN Bukittinggi." ALSYS 3, no. 3 (May 1, 2023): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/alsys.v3i3.1043.
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This study is a quantitative descriptive study aimed at describing the types of prepositional collocations found in 30 samples along with their frequency of occurrence. The sample for this study was taken by collecting 294 theses for alumni majoring in English and then 30 theses were taken randomly. The results showed that the type of collocation presented was grammatical collocation in prepositions. The grammatical types of prepositions are adjective total is 2658. The most frequent collocations are collocations with 238 (8.95%) The total collocation error in the preposition is 1,32%. Based on the research result, the researcher found that there are 3 types of collocation error in preposition. The first types are ommision, the second types are addition and the last types are missinformation, the researcher did not find the missordering types for collocation error in preposition.
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Napitupulu, Sependi. "On Translating Prepositions from English into Indonesian: A Case Study of Indonesian EFL Students." International Journal of Linguistics 9, no. 3 (June 24, 2017): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v9i3.11442.
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This study attempts to investigate errors in translating prepositions from English into Indonesian language by Undergraduate students at the Methodist University Indonesia, Medan. A total of 20 students in the Department of English Literature, Faculty of English Letters were involved in this study. Forty sentences containing English prepositions were translated by the students. The translations were then compared with the Indonesian equivalence in order to find out the quality of their translation. In order to measure the quality of preposition translation, three categories were referred to, namely: correct translation, correct with revision translation, and incorrect translation. Having analyzed the data, it revealed that most of the students failed to translate complex prepositions such as phrasal verbs. However, most students successfully translated simple prepositions such as noun prepositions and adjective prepositions. From 100% correct translation expected of students, only 44.37% of the total correct translation of prepositions committed by students. While correct with revision, from 100% correct translation with revision expected of students, only 41.75% of the total correct translation that need revision is produced by students. In the meantime, 13.75% of the total incorrect translation is produced by students. It was concluded that students tend to face problems in translating prepositional verbs as they are rarely used by and unfamiliar to students.
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Fauziah, Fauziah. "Analisis Penulisan Preposisi pada Berita Media Center Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir." J-LELC: Journal of Language Education, Linguistics, and Culture 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/j-lelc.2022.8022.
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The presence of the right preposition in a sentence will lead to attachment both from a grammatical and semantic perspective. If the use of prepositions is not appropriate in the sentence, there will be a blurring of the sentence structure and the meaning of the sentence. This research raises the problem, namely, how is the analysis of prepositional writing on Media Center news in Indragiri Hilir Regency? With a qualitative approach. The technique used is the hermeneutic technique. The theoretical reference in this study is Chaer (2009). From the results of processed data related to the Analysis of Writing Prepositions at Media Center News in Indragiri Hilir Regency, it is known that there are as many as 45 prepositional word data in Media Center News, Indragiri Hilir Regency. In this case, it is also known that the preposition in the sentence used to express "where-is" is placed to the left of the noun which states the actual place. There are as many as 5 prepositional data used to express "where is located". The preposition is placed to the left of the name of the institution or institution. There is as much as 1 inner word data that has one proposition, namely, there is an inner word that shows within a period because it only states the inner preposition which states the preposition where it is located, the place of origin indicator has a prepositional word only from having a total of 11 data. This is the proposition of the place of origin is a preposition that states the place of origin of the noun that follows, for example, the preposition of the place of origin is the preposition of.
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Fera, Ardian. "PREPOSITIONS AND THEIR SYNTACTIC USE IN ALBANIAN AND ENGLISH." Knowledge International Journal 31, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3102571f.
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A preposition is a word or set of words that indicates location or some other relationship between a noun or pronoun and other parts of the sentence. It refers to the word or phrase which shows the relationship between one thing and another, linking nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. They are abstract words that have no concrete meaning. They merely show the relationships between groups of words. Within a preposition, there are many different variations in meaning that are conveyed. The proper interpretation of prepositions is an important issue for automatic natural language understanding. Although the complexity of preposition usage has been argued for and documented by various scholars in linguistics, psycholinguistics, and computational linguistics, very few studies have been done on the function of prepositions in natural language processing (NLP) applications. The reason is that prepositions are probably the most polysemous category and thus, their linguistic realizations are difficult to predict and their cross-linguistic regularities difficult to identify. Prepositions play a major role in the syntactic structures of the English language and they often make an essential contribution to sentence meaning by signifying temporal and spatial relationships, as well as abstract relations involving cause and purpose, agent and instrument, manner and accompaniment, support and much more. They are sensitive linguistic elements that are culturally acceptable and very well known to all members of the same linguistic community. According to cognitive semantics, the figurative senses of a preposition are extended from its spatial senses through conceptual metaphors. In a pedagogical context, it may be useful to draw learners' attention to those aspects of a preposition's spatial sense that are especially relevant for its metaphorization processes. Prepositions have type restrictions on their arguments, they assign thematic roles, and they have a semantic content, possibly underspecified. The only difference with the other open-class categories like nouns, verbs or adjectives is that they do not have any morphology.
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Hung, Maosheng, and Tiantian Zhang. "A Study on the Use of Locative Prepositions by Chinese English Majors in English Writing." Bulletin of Advanced English Studies 7, no. 1 (June 2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/baes2022.7.1.4.
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This study aims to examine 40 Chinese English majors’ use of locative prepositions in English writing. The students were randomly selected from the English department of a private university in Fujian, China. They were first informed of the purpose of the study, followed by being required to participate in an English writing activity. Through the analysis of the collected 40 writing samples, the researchers of the study discovered that the prepositions “on”, “in” and “by” are the most frequently used in the participants’ writing; the prepositions “above”, “under” and “among” are the least frequently used. The locative preposition “in” has the highest frequency of use and also has the highest error frequency. Moreover, the error types that occur in the 40 Chinese college students’ use of prepositions (including locative prepositions) in English writing mainly include preposition redundancy, preposition omission, and misuse of prepositions.
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Nusarini, Nusarini. "PREPOSISI DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA: TINJAUAN BENTUK DAN PERAN SEMANTISNYA." Caraka: Jurnal Ilmu Kebahasaan, Kesastraan, dan Pembelajarannya 4, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30738/caraka.v4i1.2164.
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This research entitled “Prepositions in Indonesian Language: Their Forms and Semantic Functions†aims to: (1) describe the forms of prepositions and (2) describe the semantic functions of prepositions in Indonesian language. This research belongs to descriptive research. The data were the sentences containing prepositions, while the sources of the data were Kompas newspaper, novel, Indonesian textbook and the researcher herself as the native speaker. The data collection techniques were the observation method covering uninvolved conversation observation technique and writing technique. The data analysis method used was distributional method covering the deletion technique and permutation technique, while the method of presenting the data analysis result was an informal method because the presentation involved words, not symbols. The results of the research are: (1) the forms of prepositions covered one-word or simple preposition and complex preposition. One-word preposition covers the base words and affixed words, while complex preposition covered adjoining preposition and correlated preposition, (2) prepositions have some semantic functions such as identifying the relation of primary semantics, direction, existence, members, tools, ways, aims, reasons, doers, equifinality, thing, comparison, time and condition.
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Dragicevic, Rajna. "On nouns functioning as prepositions." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 68 (2012): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1268091d.
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This paper analyzes semantic transformations of nouns functioning as prepositions. The semantic characteristics of prepositions are discussed, and Belic? concept of adverbial origin and meaning of prepositions is reviewed. Contrary to usual perception that prepositions have mere grammatical meaning, it is concluded in this paper that they also have lexical meaning, like adverbs. Cognitive linguistics has so far dealt with lexical meanings of prepositions, and it is up to contemporary semantics to further explore and evolve this approach. Based on this fact that prepositions have lexical meaning, it is argued that nouns functioning as prepositions retain that lexical attribute though with different semantic value, rather than it adopts grammatical characteristics. It is concluded that semantic meaning of those nouns used as prepositions could be broken into two segments: adverbial (place) and nominal (partitive). The nouns which upon occasions may function as prepositions in Serbian language as a rule denote place and they always are used with genitive case (mostly partitive), and as a consequence they often have partitive meaning. In the sentences with nouns functioning as prepositions, the act expressed encompasses the part of the localizator or it is performed on its bounds, or near it. Which meaning would prevail depends on the noun, or verb, or noun in genitive case. A noun and its related preposition are treated as two lexemes in Serbian descriptive dictionaries, independent but close in meanings, since the preposition originated from a noun in a process defined by Irena Grickat as grammar polysemy, i.e. a polysemy with the grammatical result. In some grammar books identical forms of a preposition and nominative and accusative noun forms are defined as homophoria, and those prepositions and nouns are called homophores. Since homophoria is a type of homonymy, and homonymy excludes semantic relation between lexemes, the term homophoria had to be discarded. It is suggested in this paper that only few nouns in Serbian language can function as prepositions due to fact that only those few have possibility to combine semantically high-productive spaciality with partitivity (rarely possessiveness), as a result of their obligatory usage with partitive (sometimes, possessive) genitive. The usage of nouns as prepositions in Serbian language is slowly going out because their semantics is imprecise, and in certain circumstances difficult to differentiate, which means that the process of transformation of nouns into prepositions was not complete. Thus, more frequent today are compound prepositions formed by a real preposition and a noun (navrh, uvrh, podno). Their semantics is more distinctive and more precise due to real preposition as constituents.
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Dulaj, Fridrik, Petrit Duraj, Shemsi Haziri, and Senad Neziri. "Contrastive View Between Several English and Albanian Prepositions." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 2 (March 27, 2023): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n2p537.
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This paper presents a contrastive view on use of several English and Albanian prepositions, with particular focus on several English prepositions, in, on and at, equivalent to Albanian preposition në. In English language, grammatically there are clearly defined uses of these prepositions. However, in Albanian language, all three English prepositions are translated with Albanian preposition në, which shows that Albanian language is less developed when it comes to the use of prepositions. This is due to the development of cases system and word endings based on internal grammatical rules of Albanian language. Also, in this study there will be presented some other contrasts between English and Albanian prepositions, in regards to, classification of prepositions according to cases in Albanian language: prepositions in nominative, genitive, accusative and ablative (Alb. rrjedhore) case and lack of their classification in cases in English grammars; conversion of prepositions into conjunctions in some cases in English and lack of this occurrence in Albanian; use of prepositions in the end of sentence in English and lack of this occurrence in Albanian, since it is in contradiction with internal syntax rules of Albanian language.
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ESTIRI, MAJID, and KHOSRO TORKASHVAND. "PREPOSITIONS "НА", "ДЛЯ", "К", "РАДИ" AS CORRELATE TO THE PREPOSITION “FOR”." HUMANITARIAN RESEARCHES 4, no. 80 (2021): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-4936-2021-80-4-121-128.
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In this article, the meanings expressed with the prepositions «на», «для», «к», «ради», which correspond to the preposition “for” in Persian, are examined. One of the problems of Iranian students in learning Russian in the classroom of Iranian audiences is the proper use of Russian prepositions. The reason for this problem is that a preposition in Persian corresponds to different prepositions in Russian. The authors of the paper think that the multiple meanings of Russian prepositions cause many problems; It means that, a preposition in Russian expresses different states and therefore different forms. The purpose of this study is to determine and describe the meanings of the prepositions «на», «для», «к», «ради» as the equivalents of the Persian preposition “for”. Russian Dictionary "Russian Language Dictionary in Four Volumes" edited by A.P. Yevgenova, "Dictionary of Modern Russian literary language" edited V.I. Chernysheva and "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" S.I. Ozhegov have been selected as linguistic sources in this study. The results of this research can be used in teaching Russian to Iranian audiences, as well as in order to minimize the mistakes of Iranian students when translating the preposition “for” into Russian.
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Nghi, Tran Tin, and Tran Huu Phuc. "A Corpus-Based Study on the Most Frequently Used English Prepositions: A Conceptual Transfer Perspective." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1202.01.
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This corpus-based study aims to examine the frequencies of English preposition usages from the perspective of conceptual transfer. The authors have built up a corpus from third-year English – majored students' Academic writing tasks (HSAC) as their Ending-course assignments from Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry for two consecutive semesters in the academic year 2019 – 2020. This corpus was used as the source of data in analyzing the frequencies of prepositions in their essays. Two hundred and fifty pieces of writing were examined. The concordance output was used to determine the frequency of English preposition usage and types of errors via Sketch Engine Software. The findings showed a negative relationship between prepositional senses and their collocations with certain Vietnamese linguistic features. The study also revealed that negative conceptual transfer was recurrent and systematic. Based upon the findings, a conceptual framework for teaching and learning functional words like prepositions was drawn for language teachers and learners in a foreign language context.
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Ma, Liming. "Features of preposition usage in the diplomatic sub-style of the Russian and Chinese languages." Philology and Culture, no. 2 (June 24, 2024): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2782-4756-2024-76-2-48-56.
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The article is devoted to the use of prepositions in the diplomatic language of the Russian and Chinese languages. The subject of the study is the structural and semantic characteristics of prepositional constructions typical of the diplomatic substyle. The main goal is a comparative analysis of the preposition use as one of the diplomatic substyle linguistic features in the languages under consideration and the identification of their features in terms of their structure and meaning. To achieve this goal, methods of comparative analysis, statistical analysis and component analysis were used. Bilingual diplomatic documents from the official websites of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia and China over the period from 1994 to 2023 were selected as research material. As a result of the study, we conclude that prepositions are actively used in both Russian and Chinese diplomatic styles, but their structures and meanings differ. We have found that from the point of view of the constructions’ meanings, both languages possess prepositional constructions to express the meanings of goals, methods and bases. However, in the Chinese language there is a special group of prepositions expressing the subject or object of an action, while in the Russian language such meanings are conveyed using case forms.
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Bahaudin, Siti Nur Solehah. "ANALISIS KATA SENDI NAMA “DI” DAN “DALAM” DALAM PENULISAN KARANGAN PELAJAR TINGKATAN 4." Jurnal Pengajian Melayu 34, no. 1 (April 19, 2023): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jomas.vol34no1.7.
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Good command of grammar skills can help students produce quality, critical and creative writing. The teaching of Malay grammar should follow the correct principles to avoid confusion in the use of prepositions. Most students are not proficient and lack knowledge in using prepositions correctly. This study focuses on the prepositions “di” and “dalam” in the essay writings of form 4 students. The current study applies a qualitative research method conducted on 30 essays written by form 4 students. The objective of this research is to identify, describe and analyse the forms of prepositions used in the production of form 4 students' essays. The researcher uses the Transformative Generative Theory introduced by Noam Chomsky in 1957 to explain the research objectives. The correct use of prepositions in essays is analysed using percentages. The result of the investigation shows that the percentage of correct use of the preposition “di” is 83% and the incorrect use is 17%. For the use of the preposition “dalam”, the percentage of correct answers is 65% and the incorrect answers is 35%. Conclusively, there are students who are still confused on the accurate use of prepositions according to the correct preposition formula. This situation can be seen through the dominant errors in the use of the preposition “dalam” in comparison with the preposition “di”. This investigation can further enhance the correct use of prepositions in students' essay writing and Malay language teachers need to take proactive measures to address this problem. Some of the suggestions for further studies that can be done by the researchers is to investigate grammatical mistakes using different corpora such as newspapers, magazines, speech texts, short stories, and others.
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Křížová, Kateřina. "Vaste combinaties van werkwoorden met voorzetsels in het Nederlands en het Tsjechisch." Neerlandica Wratislaviensia 34 (December 29, 2023): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-0716.34.7.
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This paper describes the results of a pilot contrastive study that focused on the differences and similarities between Dutch combinations of verbs with fixed prepositions and their Czech equivalents. Since the use of the correct prepositions in the combinations with verbs belongs to the typical learning problem of Czech students of Dutch as a foreign language, the results of the research can help clarify the causes of these difficulties. The pilot study showed that the majority of Dutch constructions have an equivalent construction with a fixed preposition in Czech. Only more than a tenth of the Czech equivalents do not contain a preposition. However, the bigger issue for students may be the fact that one Dutch preposition can correspond to several Czech prepositions and that some Dutch verbs are combined with various fixed prepositions.
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HACIBEKİROĞLU, Abdullah. "The Problem of 'Meaning of Prepositions' in the Arabic Language." ULUM 5, no. 1 (July 31, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54659/ulum.1098674.
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The grammarians of the Arabic language considered the noun and verb to be meaningful on their own, and the prepositions (ḥurūf al-maʿânî/meaning letters) as meaningless language units when they were alone in the traditional word classification. This approach is generally accepted in many languages, including Turkish. According to this, prepositions are words that have no meaning on their own and undertake grammatical tasks. However, contrary to this general opinion, some Arab linguists claimed that prepositions are meaningful when they are alone. Leaving aside the view that the preposition is meaningful on its own, both Arab and Turkish linguists and modern linguists stated that the preposition would not gain meaning without usage/context. Prepositions that are seen as meaningless/empty words cannot gain any meaning unless they enter the syntax. In fact, this condition for prepositions also applies to other types of words (noun, verb). In this study, the evaluations of the Arabic syntaxists on whether the preposition is a meaningful or meaningless language element are discussed. In addition, it is also mentioned how this issue is approached in Turkish and modern linguistics. The issue of whether the preposition shows a meaning when it is alone has been discussed especially through the definition of the preposition by linguists.
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Alekseienko, Natalia. "Transformation of Modern Ukrainian Literary Language in the Aspect of the Preposition System." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu Serìâ Fìlologìâ 14, no. 25 (2021): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2021-14-25-117-124.
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The article investigates the peculiarities of the prepositions use in the works of Ukrainian poets in the 20-60s of the XIX century. The language of works of different periods has its peculiarities, which are objectively due to various factors, including historical events, the influence of foreign culture, the state of the literary process in the country, literature traditions and so on. Literature texts provide an opportunity to trace how prepositions functioned in the poetry of the XIX century and compare with modern trends, to identify similarities and differences of grammatical and semantic meanings. The texts by Levko Borovikovsky, Opanas Shpyhovsky, Ambrose Metlynsky, Mykola Kostomarov, Oleksandr Afanasyev-Chuzhbynsky, Viktor Zabila, Mykhailo Petrenko, and Oleksandr Korsun were selected for analysis. The purpose of the research is to identify the peculiarities of the use of prepositions in the poetic language of this period. A selection of examples of the prepositions use from the works of Ukrainian poets allows us to trace the dynamics of their use. The study identified the most commonly used prepositions and traced the functions and features of grammatical connections on the example of individual units. The use of archaic prepositions (к, об, од) is recorded. The construction of the dative case of a noun with the preposition “к” was widely used in ancient Ukrainian dialects. In modern literary language, this preposition is preserved in phraseology. Instead, the construction with the preposition “до” and the noun in the genitive case is actively used. Differences in the use of prepositions in the analyzed texts and modern language are revealed. The preposition “об” is now more actively used to denote temporal relations rather than object relations, although in the past it represented object relations quite widely. The use of parallel constructions (к – до, край – під – у, поміж – помеж), phonetic variants of prepositions (з – із – зо – ізо), prepositions that are stylistic synonyms (повз, поуз, проз) is traced. The revealed changes of grammatical and semantic meanings of prepositions, displacement of archaic constructions testify to the processes of language transformation and its constant development.
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Zhang, Yabing. "A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF TIME-PREPOSITIONS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 18, no. 28 (July 2019): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-17.
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This article is devoted to the problem of using Russian time-prepositions by foreigners, especially by the Chinese. An analysis of modern literature allows the author to identify the main areas of the work aimed at foreign students’ development of the skills and abilities to correctly build the prepositional combinations and continuously improve the communication skills by means of the Russian language. In this paper, the time-prepositions in the Russian language have been analyzed in detail; some examples of polysemantic use of prepositions, their semantic and stylistic shades alongside with possible errors made by foreign students are presented. The results of the study are to help in developing a system of teaching Russian time-prepositions to a foreign language audience, taking into account their native language, on the basis of the systemic and functional, communicative and activity-centred basis. The role of Russian time-prepositions in constructing word combinations has been identified; the need for foreign students’ close attention to this secondary part of speech has been specified. It has been stated that prepositions are the most dynamic and open type of secondary language units within the quantitative and qualitative composition of which regular changes take place. The research substantiates the need that students should be aware of the function of time-preposition in speech; they are to get acquainted with the main time-prepositions and their meanings, to distinguish prepositions and other homonymous parts of speech as well as to learn stylistic shades of time-prepositions. Some recommendations related to the means of mastering time-prepositions have been given: to target speakers to assimilate modern literary norms and, therefore, to teach them how to choose and use them correctly by means of linguistic keys that are intended to fill the word with true meaning, to give it an organic structure, an inherent form and an easy combinability in the texts and oral speech.
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Краснощёков, Е. В. "EXPRESSION OF POSSESSIVE RELATIONS IN THE ARABIC LANGUAGE AND ITS DIALECTS USING PREPOSITIONS." НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И МЕТОДИКО-ДИДАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ, no. 3(47) (October 24, 2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2020.69.10.001.
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Постановка задачи. В отличие от европейских языков в арабском языке выражение притяжательных отношений происходит иными способами, а именно приименными, в первую очередь это конструкции с идафой ( ´iḍāfah ), а также конструкции с предлогами. В данной работе мы рассматриваем конструкции с предлогами li - и min, как одно из средств выражения притяжательности в арабском языке. Результаты. Конструкции с предлогами li - и min наиболее часто используются в арабском языке для выражения поссессивных отношений, поскольку могут выражать различные случаи поссессивности. В функции предлогов для выражения притяжательных отношений, кроме этих предлогов, могут употребляться «несобственно предлоги», которые в качестве самостоятельных имен обычно не используются. Притяжательные отношения в арабском языке могут выражаться частицами, выполняющими роль предлогов ( inda ), также используются служебные слова ( siwa , gayra ). Подобная картина наблюдается и в арабских диалектах. В некоторых (мавританский) сохранились старые предлоги из литературного арабского языка. В других (марокканский) эту функцию выполняют служебные слова ( d, dyāl, mtāε ). Выводы. Предлоги принимают активное участие в выражении притяжательности в арабском языке и его диалектах. Функции предлогов в арабском языке перенимаются частицами. С помощью частиц и слов, выполняющих роль предлогов между компонентами словосочетаний, может осуществляться притяжательная связь. Синтаксически и семантически предлоги могут быть заменены родительным падежом или идафной конструкцией, но в некоторых случаях предложная группа предпочтительнее. Problem statement: In contrast to the European languages in Arabic, the expression of possessive relations occurs in other ways, namely, well-known, and in the first place these are constructions with idafa (´ iḍāfah ), as well as constructions with prepositions. In our work, we consider constructions with the preposition li- and the preposition min , as one of the means of expressing possession in the Arabic language. Results. In the function of prepositions to express possessive relations, in addition to the mentioned prepositions, “improper prepositions” can be used, which are usually not used as independent names. Possessive relations in the Arabic language can be expressed by particles playing the role of prepositions ( inda ), and official words ( siwa, gayra ) are also used. A similar pattern is observed in Arabic dialects. In some (Moorish) old prepositions from literary Arabic are preserved. In others (Moroccan), this function is performed by service words ( d, dyāl, mtāε ). Conclusion. Thus, prepositions take an active part in the expression of possession in the Arabic language and its dialects. The functions of prepositions in the Arabic language are taken over by particles. With the help of particles and words playing the role of prepositions between the components of phrases, a possessive connection can be made. Syntactically and semantically, prepositions can be replaced by the genitive or idafa construct, but in some cases the prepositional group is preferable.
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Bratož, Silva. "Teaching English locative prepositions: a cognitive perspective." Linguistica 54, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.54.1.325-337.
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Prepositions are notoriously hard to learn, and frequently subject to negative transfer. In addition, prepositional meanings are commonly extended from the spatial to abstract domains and are, as a consequence, often unpredictable and arbitrary. Traditional approaches to second language preposition teaching have, therefore, suggested that the best way to learn prepositions would be through rote learning. On the other hand, a cognitive linguistics approach argues that the multiple uses of prepositions can be seen as related in systematic ways. Several pedagogical implications of applying cognitive linguistics findings in second language teaching and learning will be discussed, suggesting ways of translating theory into practical consideration and effective teaching materials. The second part of the article presents an instructional model for teaching the locative prepositions in, on and at from a cognitive perspective, and discusses the results of a study conducted to observe the learners’ response to instruction, based on cognitive linguistics findings. In addition, the benefits of focusing on the cross-linguistic differences between the native and target language, in an explicit and systematic way, will be discussed. In this context, reference will be made to several insights and ideas promoted by the CEFR. The article will end by considering some suggestions and ideas for future research.
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Rybalka, N. V. "LEXICO-SEMANTIC AND SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF PREPOSITIONS AND PREPOSITIONAL GROUPS IN THE MODERN GERMAN LANGUAGE." INTELLIGENCE. PERSONALITY. CIVILIZATION, no. 2 (25) (December 30, 2022): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33274/2079-4835-2022-25-2-60-70.
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Objective. The objective of the article is to familiarize yourself with the general characteristics of German prepositions and prepositional groups; consider the structural features of German prepositions and their positions within the prepositional group; analyze the governing features and syntactic functions of German prepositions and prepositional groups and their positions in the sentence; identify the main sources of difficulty for German learners. Methods. The main scientific results are obtained applying a complex of general scientific and special research methods, namely: analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific and educational and methodological literature on pedagogy, linguistics, methods of teaching foreign languages; theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative, descriptive and analytical methods. Results. In the modern German language, there is a fairly large number of prepositions, which differ significantly from each other in structural features, government, number of meanings and stylistic characteristics. German prepositional groups can have a different internal structure, perform different syntactic functions in a sentence and occupy different positions in it. Many prepositional groups are collocations or components of larger collocations. Based on the fact that German prepositions and prepositional groups have quite a lot of lexical-semantic and syntactic features, we came to the conclusion that this significantly complicates their study and correct use, since similar prepositions in different languages can differ from each other in terms of their government , as well as the spectrum of meanings. Knowledge and correct use of derived prepositions typical for written speech is important both for understanding and for writing relevant texts in the language being studied. Therefore, we can say that the confident mastering connotations of various types, which are expedient to memorize as integral lexical-semantic units, significantly facilitates both the process of understanding foreign speech and the process of independent use of a foreign language in various situations. Thereby it is advisable to study German prepositions and prepositional forms in more detail, and for this it is necessary to include them in relevant practical manuals and working programs.
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Stanton, Juliet. "Wholesale Late Merger in Ā-movement: Evidence from Preposition Stranding." Linguistic Inquiry 47, no. 1 (January 2016): 89–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00205.
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To account for several asymmetries between A- and Ā-movement, Takahashi and Hulsey (2009) generalize the late merger option ( Lebeaux 1988 , Chomsky 1995 ) as wholesale late merger (WLM). In particular, allowing an NP to merge with a head D as late as (but no later than) its Case position explains why Ā but not A-movement displays Principle C reconstruction effects. In this article, I claim that WLM is also responsible for pervasive asymmetries within the class of Ā-extractions. The evidence comes from restrictions on English preposition stranding. I document a correlation between a preposition’s complementation properties and its ability to be stranded: prepositions that disallow pronominal complements can only be stranded by a subset of Ā-extractions. I argue that the extractions allowing pronoun-rejecting prepositions to be stranded disallow WLM, while those that disallow the stranding allow (and require) WLM.