Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Presbytář'

The assignment of this diploma thesis followed previous analysis of the regions of Valašsko and Haná. The outcome of this analysis showed several problems. One of the most serious problems is a lack of spiritual and liturgical sites in the area of Zlín. The analysis and synthesis preceding this diploma thesis are enclosed. The analysis of sites of pilgrimage in the area of Zlín was one of the studied subjects. The assignment of the diploma thesis was created using a combination of discovered data – design of the site of pilgrimage including a church and spiritual centre. This building is to support local community, christian religion and rehabilitation of the present site of pilgrimage Svatá voda – Kaménka. This diploma thesis deals with the design of a church as a site of pilgrimage, with facilities and café for the public. It also deals with the design of a spiritual centre with weekly spiritual programme. There are also four flats designed as accommodation for clergymen. The designed buildings are located 250 metres away form the present site of pilgrimage Svatá voda.

From a conversation between selected authors and documents from the Roman Catholic Magisterium, this thesis suggests that the Roman Catholic Church is one who is given by God to be an assurance of faith to the church. In the first part of the thesis the author reflects on the image of the ordained priest as leader of the community and considers the questions raised in the recent debate as to the identity of the ordained as acting in the person of Christ and in the person of the church. Also considered is the identity of the ordained as emerging from the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church especially in relation to the document ‘Pastores Dabo Vobis’ of John Paul II. The definition of the presbyter as distinct from that of bishop is also explored in relationship to the parish and the local bishop. In the second part of the thesis, under the title of ‘Gift and Return’, the author examines some recent theological theories which underline the sacraments as encounters between God and humanity and show how they are participations in the life of God. Recent theological work concerning the post modern challenge to an understanding of how God and the human are mutually present to one another is also undertaken. The final part draws the first two parts together, again with reference to assurance, authenticity, and authority but this time with explicit reference to the three offices of priest, prophet, and pastor. The conclusion is that the presbyter as the gift of assurance is a model that can complement and further explain other images used of the ordained priesthood in general and the presbyterate in particular, such as shepherd and steward.

Dans un contexte de vieillissement de la population, et donc d’augmentation du nombre de presbytes, l’amélioration des optiques destinées à la correction de ce défaut visuel est un enjeu crucial. Nous avons cherché à optimiser le design des optiques bifocales, qui ne présentent que deux puissances différentes: une pour la vision de loin et une pour la vision de près. Pour cela, nous avons simulé des images telles qu’elles seraient vues à travers nos designs, et les avons fait noter par des sujets. La première étude s’est penchée sur le ratio d’aire optimisant la vision au loin comme au près. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus pour un ratio de 40% de vision de près au centre, même si des valeurs de 20 à 50% étaient satisfaisantes. Cependant, ces optiques à deux zones concentriques ont un défaut : elles sont très sensibles au changement de diamètre pupillaire, qui est très fréquent. Un changement de taille de pupille entrainant une modification du ratio d’aires, la solution consiste à utiliser plusieurs zones concentriques alternant entre correction de loin et de près. La seconde étude s’est focalisée sur l’optimisation du nombre de zones concentriques dans ces optiques bifocales par la même méthode. Lorsque le nombre de zones est augmenté suffisamment, des interférences permettent d’augmenter également la qualité de vision intermédiaire, nos profils étant disposés comme des réseaux de Fresnel. Les profils à 5 zones permettent une bonne vision de loin et de près en redonnant une légère vision intermédiaire, et les profils à 8 zones donnent une qualité de vision similaire au loin, en intermédiaire et au près. Ces profils ont ensuite été évalués dans des conditions plus réalistes, en présence d’aberrations, de décentrement, de différents diamètres pupillaires par deux populations d’âge différent. L’âge des sujets n’influence pas leur évaluation des optiques. Les aberrations ont plus d’impact sur la qualité visuelle que le décentrement. Le diamètre pupillaire a une influence plus forte sur les profils possédant moins de zones. Enfin, nous avons comparé nos profils optimisés avec des lentilles de contact disponibles sur le marché. Du point de vue de la qualité visuelle comme de la profondeur de champ, nos profils étaient meilleurs que les lentilles du marché. Il serait donc intéressant d’en créer des prototypes pour effectuer des tests au porté. Les designs développés dans cette thèse pourraient servir à effectuer une personnalisation de la correction optique des presbytes. Différents designs pourraient être proposés pour chaque oeil, permettant de combiner deux profils par sujets. De nombreuses variations inter-individuelles, également observées dans les études précédentes, restent toujours imprévisibles. Elles pourraient être dues à des différences de sensibilité au contraste ou de tolérance au flou. Il serait donc intéressant de développer un test optométrique, consistant à faire évaluer des images floues par le sujet, de façon à prédire s’il s’agit d’un bon candidat au port de lentilles bifocales
Giving the aging of the population, and therefore the augmentation of presbyopes, the improvement of optics used to compensate for this visual impairment are at stake. We optimized bifocal optics designs, which only have two powers: one dedicated to distance vision and one dedicated to near vision. For this, we simulated images as they would appear through our designed optics, and asked subjects to grade the quality of these simulated images. First study dealt with the ratio of area optimizing visual quality at distance and at near. The best results were obtained for a ratio of 40% of central near vision, even if values from 20 to 50% gave quite comparable satisfying results. However, these 2 zone optics have a drawback they are very sensitive to the change of pupil diameter, which happens very often. A change in pupil size leads to a change of ratio of areas, the solution consists in using several concentric zones alternating between distance and near correction. The second study was about the optimization of the number of concentric zones in these bifocal optics using the same method. When the number of zones is increased enough, interferences allow to improve intermediate visual quality, as our profiles are built as Fresnel networks. Five zone profiles give a good distance and near vision with a little intermediate vision, and 8 zone profiles give an acceptable quality of vision from far to near. These profiles were evaluated in more realistic conditions, in presence of aberrations, decentration and different pupil diameters by two populations with different age. The age of subjects did not influence their evaluation of the optics. Aberrations had more impact on visual quality than decentration. Pupil diameter had a stronger influence on the optics with less number of zones. Eventually, we compared our optimized profiles with actual contact lenses available on the market. When looking at visual quality and depth-of-focus, our profiles were better than the ones available on the market. Therefore, it would be interesting to make prototypes to try them on real subjects. The designs developed in this work could be used to personalize presbyopes optical compensation. Different designs could be tried on each eye, allowing to combine two profiles per subject. A lot of inter-individual variations, also observed in previous studies, remain unpredictable. They could be linked to differences in contrast sensitivity or tolerance to blur. It would be interesting to create a visual test consisting in evaluating blurred images, in order to predict of a subject is a good candidate to fit with bifocal optics

Ce travail traite des caractéristiques statiques, spatiales et dynamiques de la fonction accommodative et de l'influence d'une défocalisation astigmique du stimulus. A l'aide du dispositif expérimental développé (optomètre infra-rouge haute sensibilité et dispositif de stimulation Badal automatisé), nous avons étudié sur deux observateurs la réponse accommodative moyenne et les microfluctuations d'accommodation par analyse spectrale. L'étude du régime stationnaire sur un large domaine dioptrique a mis en évidence un certain nombre de non-linéarités du système (saturations de la réponse, activité maximale des fluctuations d'accommodation en milieu de parcours d'accommodation) et une très forte corrélation de l'activité de ces oscillations avec la sensibilité au flou du mécanisme accomodatif. En régime transitoire et forcé, nous avons montré une grande stabilité et reproductibilité des temps de latence d'accommodation ainsi qu'une atténuation importante du gain du système à partir de 0,5 Hz avec un maximum relatif proche de 2 Hz. Nous avons montré une influence très marquée de la puissance et de l'axe d'une perturbation astigmique du stimulus en régime stationnnaire ou dynamique (augmentation des temps de contraction ou de relaxation, baisse du gain et disparition du pic caractéristique de la fonction de transfert à 2 Hz) qui traduit une dégradation du fonctionnement du mécanisme accommodatif.

A survey was carried out on the overall langur population size in Bapen Reserve. Data showed that local extinction has been occurring for a long time, due to habitat destruction and hunting. However, a drastic population decline has taken place over the past ten years. Most langurs were found in a hill-group in which the Reserve staff members often patrol. This hill-group was defined as the main langur population pool of the Reserve. Further detailed sampling in this area showed a much higher population density compared to other hill-groups. Langurs preferred large areas of continuous habitat. A similar survey was carried out in Longgang Reserve, Ningming County, which indicated a high population density in the central area of that reserve where the habitat has been much less disturbed by humans. In the main population pool, data were collected on climate, distribution of vegetation patches, plant species richness, phenology of food plant species, feeding ecology, range use and group dynamics. Habitat quality was classified according to the extent of human disturbance. Results showed that a large amount of mature leaves was available year round. Young leaves maintained a low level of availability, but disappeared almost completely in the winter of 1997. Rainfall was seasonal and was linked to the production of fruits and young leaves. Vegetation was mainly distributed on the lowest 40% of the hills. Behavioural data showed that the activity of white-headed langurs was restricted on the hills by the distribution of vegetation. Langurs fed mostly on rare plant species. These were more likely to occur in higher quality habitat, for which different langur groups competed. As a consequence, only the langur groups living in 50% of the higher quality habitat area produced offspring. Langurs fed intensively on young leaves. Compared to other colobine species, white-headed langurs were extremely folivorous. This seemed to be related to their smaller area of range use.

Pour assurer une vision nette dans tous les plans de l’espace, le cristallin doit accommoder en fonction de la distance de l’objet observé. La faculté d’accommoder diminue avec l’âge pour aboutir à sa perte définitive, la presbytie. La cause de cette altération physiologique entraînant un déficit de la vision de près est restée longtemps ignorée. De ce fait, le seul mode de correction de la presbytie reste optique. L’analyse bibliographique confirme la théorie de l’accommodation et de la presbytie telle qu’elle a été proposée par von Helmotz. L’objectif de cette étude est de confirmer cette théorie et de proposer un protocole permettant d’évaluer les nouveaux systèmes de compensation de l’accommodation. L’étude porte sur un groupe de volontaires sains (avec autorisation du Comité de Protection des Personnes). La procédure se déroule en 2 phases, la première compare les valeurs réfractives et les capacités accommodatives avec une évaluation de la fonction de sensibilité au contraste. La deuxième phase recherche des modifications anatomiques en IRM dans les mêmes situations visuelles. La phase pharmacologique teste le système au-delà de la part physiologique et sa capacité résiduelle anatomique. Les images recueillies constituent des éléments exploitables montrant les modifications liées à l’âge des structures du segment antérieur au cours de l’accommodation. La mise en relation de ces caractéristiques morphologiques avec les données réfractives et fonctionnelles a permis d’étudier le profil évolutif de la presbytie. La compréhension de la physiologie accommodative permet de traiter ou de développer des thérapeutiques. Une meilleure connaissance de l’interaction des structures oculaires aide au développement d’un modèle d’implant intraoculaire, véritable phako erzats, visant à restaurer l’accommodation
To assure a good vision in all plans of the space, the crystalline must focus according to the distance of the target. The faculty to focus diminishes with age to lead to its final loss, presbyopia. The reason of this physiological impairment drawing away a deficit of near vision has remained for a long time ignored. Consequently, the only mode of correction for presbyopia remains optical devices. The bibliographic analysis confirms the theory of accommodation and presbyopia such as it was offered. The objective of this study is to confirm this theory and to offer a protocol allowing an evaluation of the new systems of compensation of accommodation. Study concerns a group of healthy volunteers (with approval of the Committee of Protection of the Persons). Procedure followed 2 steps; the first one compares the refractive stocks and the accommodative capacities with a functional valuation of the contrast. The second one researches anatomic modifications by MRI with stimulation in the same visual conditions than first step. Pharmacologic step tests the system beyond the physiological part and its anatomic residual capacity. Pictures constitute exploitable elements showing modifications linked at the age of structures of the anterior segment in the course of accommodation. The comparison of these morphological characteristics between refractive and functional data allowed to study the progressive contour of presbyopia. Comprehension of accommodative physiology allows to treat or to develop therapeutics. A better knowledge of the correlation of external oculomotor structures helps to the developpement of a new model of intra ocular lens, true phako-erzats, aiming at restoring accommodation

Actuellement, la presbytie peut être corrigée chirurgicalement à l’aide d’implants intraoculaires réfractifs ou diffractifs multifocaux (chirurgie endoculaire invasive et irréversible) ou en intracornéen avec une correction multifocale réfractive (correction laser irréversible, ou insertion d’un implant dans le stroma). L’objectif de ce travail est de développer un nouvel implant permettant de corriger la presbytie, qui allie l’innocuité et la réversibilité d’une correction intracornéenne, à l’efficacité du diffractif. Le design des profils optiques bifocaux a été permis grâce au développement d’outils de simulation optique. Les efficacités de diffraction sont calculées à partir de la propagation du champ électrique par spectre angulaire. La qualité optique est déterminée d’après les simulations de Fonction de Transfert de Modulation obtenues sous Zemax. Des simulations de rendu d’images permettent de visualiser les effets de différents profils envisagés. Les paramètres critiques du design optique sont déterminés. Le choix du matériau dépend des contraintes de biocompatibilité de l’implant et des techniques de fabrication. La solution retenue est un hydrogel à forte teneur en eau, couplé à une nouvelle architecture de l’implant. L’hydrogel est obtenu par polymérisation radicalaire de macromonomères difonctionnels de poly(éthylène glycol) de masses molaires de l’ordre de 8000 g.mol‐1 qui conduisent à des propriétés mécaniques et une perméabilité aux nutriments compatibles avec l’application. La réalisation, la stérilisation et la caractérisation optique de prototypes ont abouti à la preuve du concept d’un implant bifocal diffractif intracornéen
Presbyopia can be corrected with surgery by means of refractive or diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (which imply an irreversible and invasive endocular surgery) or by intracorneal multifocal refractive correction (irreversible laser correction, or insertion of an intrastromal implant). This work aims at developing a new implant to correct presbyopia, which takes advantage of both the harmlessness and the reversibility of an intracorneal correction, and the efficiency of diffractive optics. The design of the bifocal optical profiles was based on the development of optical simulation tools. The diffractive efficiencies are calculated from the distribution of the electric field with the method of angular spectrum. The optical quality is determined according to the simulations of Modulation Transfer Function obtained with Zemax. Images simulations show the effects of the different profiles studied. The critical parameters of the optical design are also determined. The choice of the material depends on several constraints such as biocompatibility and techniques of manufacturing. The adopted solution relies on the used of an hydrogel with high water content and the design of a new implant architecture. The hydrogel is obtained by radical polymerization of difunctional macromonomers of poly(ethylene glycol) with molar masses around 8000 g.mol‐1, allowing mechanical properties and permeability to nutriments compatible with the application. The realization, the sterilization and the characterization of prototypes showed the proof of the concept of a diffractive bifocal intracorneal implant

The following study was conducted from August to November of 1991 on North Pagai Island in the Mentawai Archipelago, Indonesia. The purpose of the study was to obtain preliminary information on the ecology and behavior of the four Mentawai endemic primates: Hylobatcs klossii, Macaca pagensis, Presbytis potenziani, and Simias concolor. All four species are considered endangered due to human activities, especially hunting and various forms of habitat destruction. Therefore, the present critical status of these primates makes their conservation and that of the Mentawai Islands' rain forest a priority. It appears that resource partitioning occurs among the four primate species, M. pagensis occupied all vegetation levels and was less arboreal relative to the other three species which were primarily arboreal. All four species were found in forest habitat with S. concolor also occurring in forest swamp. M. pagensis and P. potenziani were found throughout the study area and only P. potenziani occupied coastal swamp. In addition, it is hypothesized here that for many P. potenziani groups, sleeping trees are located outside of the primary forest and these groups migrate on a daily basis to the forest. As a result, this may reduce interspecific competition since this species and H. klossii overlap in terms of resource use. Group size and composition are discussed and a monogamous social organization was identified for H. klossii and P. potenziani while M. pagensis. was found to form polygamous families. S. concolor is identified as forming one-male polygamous groups, however, based on my observations it might initially be interpreted that this species formed monogamous groups in the study area. Most behaviors, such as parental care, aggression, grooming, play, and feeding behavior, were rarely observed due to the wanness of these primates. Alarm response to detection of humans is discussed and distraction-like behaviors are described for each of the species. Population density was determined for each species and these values corresponded to those found in other studies although all values in this study were relatively low compared to other studies.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ecologia Aplicada apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
A partir da análise da estrutura dos otólitos determinaram-se as idades, as datas de nascimento, o crescimento e as datas de entrada no estuário do Douro de indivíduos juvenis de Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826), Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) e Atherina presbyter Cuvier, 1829. Os parâmetros das relações peso total comprimento total (Wt = a*Ltb) para as diferentes espécies são: C. labrosus (a=0,00128 e b=2,8607); L. ramada (a=0,0092 e b=3,0385); L. aurata (a=0,0091 e b=3,0086); A. presbyter (a=0,0058 e b=3,0848). As relações entre o peso (W) dos indivíduos e o comprimento máximo dos seus otólitos (OL) obtidas foram: L. aurata (W = 2E-10 OL 2,9702); L. ramada (W = 2E-08 OL 2,4104); C. labrosus (W = 1E-08 OL 2,4734); A. presbyter (W = 1E-10 OL 3,0186). As relações entre o comprimento dos indivíduos (L) e o comprimento máximo dos seus otólitos (OL) foram: L. aurata (L = 0,0027 OL + 0,1137); L. ramada (L = 0,0024 OL + 0,5719); C. labrosus (L = 0,0025 OL + 0,5462); A. presbyter (L = 0,0029 OL - 0,0015). As equações de crescimento obtidas a partir da contagem dos microincrementos dos otólitos das diferentes espécies foram: L. aurata (Lt=0,0175 t +1,0931); L. ramada (Lt =0,0152 t +1,682); C. labrosus (Lt = 0,0125 t +1,9947); A. presbyter (Lt=0,0085 t + 4,987). Sendo t a idade em dias As taxas de crescimento médio das espécies estudadas foram: L. aurata (0,222 mm/dia); L. ramada (0,324 mm/dia); C. labrosus (0,240 mm/dia); A. presbyter (0,456 mm/dia). As idades de entrada das espécies no Estuário obtidas a partir da contagem dos microincrementos dos otólitos foram: L. aurata (18 dias); C. labrosus (20 dias). Das resinas utilizadas, a Struers Specifix-20 foi a que obteve melhores resultados. Um período de etching de 50 segundos em EDTA (5%) foi o que permitiu melhores imagens de microscopia electrónica.Estes dados contribuirão para um melhor conhecimento dos ciclos de vida destes peixes da costa portuguesa, bem como para um melhor conhecimento da di ...

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ecologia Aplicada apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
A partir da análise da estrutura dos otólitos determinaram-se as idades, as datas de nascimento, o crescimento e as datas de entrada no estuário do Douro de indivíduos juvenis de Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826), Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) e Atherina presbyter Cuvier, 1829. Os parâmetros das relações peso total comprimento total (Wt = a*Ltb) para as diferentes espécies são: C. labrosus (a=0,00128 e b=2,8607); L. ramada (a=0,0092 e b=3,0385); L. aurata (a=0,0091 e b=3,0086); A. presbyter (a=0,0058 e b=3,0848). As relações entre o peso (W) dos indivíduos e o comprimento máximo dos seus otólitos (OL) obtidas foram: L. aurata (W = 2E-10 OL 2,9702); L. ramada (W = 2E-08 OL 2,4104); C. labrosus (W = 1E-08 OL 2,4734); A. presbyter (W = 1E-10 OL 3,0186). As relações entre o comprimento dos indivíduos (L) e o comprimento máximo dos seus otólitos (OL) foram: L. aurata (L = 0,0027 OL + 0,1137); L. ramada (L = 0,0024 OL + 0,5719); C. labrosus (L = 0,0025 OL + 0,5462); A. presbyter (L = 0,0029 OL - 0,0015). As equações de crescimento obtidas a partir da contagem dos microincrementos dos otólitos das diferentes espécies foram: L. aurata (Lt=0,0175 t +1,0931); L. ramada (Lt =0,0152 t +1,682); C. labrosus (Lt = 0,0125 t +1,9947); A. presbyter (Lt=0,0085 t + 4,987). Sendo t a idade em dias As taxas de crescimento médio das espécies estudadas foram: L. aurata (0,222 mm/dia); L. ramada (0,324 mm/dia); C. labrosus (0,240 mm/dia); A. presbyter (0,456 mm/dia). As idades de entrada das espécies no Estuário obtidas a partir da contagem dos microincrementos dos otólitos foram: L. aurata (18 dias); C. labrosus (20 dias). Das resinas utilizadas, a Struers Specifix-20 foi a que obteve melhores resultados. Um período de etching de 50 segundos em EDTA (5%) foi o que permitiu melhores imagens de microscopia electrónica.Estes dados contribuirão para um melhor conhecimento dos ciclos de vida destes peixes da costa portuguesa, bem como para um melhor conhecimento da di ...

Ce manuscrit de thèse traite de l’étude de verres ophtalmiques microstructurés et plus particulièrement pixellisés, ces derniers pouvant présenter un intérêt particulier en optique active pour la correction de la presbytie. Une étude théorique est proposée, permettant d’analyser les performances optiques d’une lentille pixellisée en termes de transport d’image et d’identifier les paramètres qui ont un impact direct sur ces performances. Après validation expérimentale des résultats obtenus, nous constatons puis expliquons l’effet sur l’observation d’une scène de l’excentrement de l’œil par rapport à la fonction de phase du verre. Nous étudions l’effet du repliement de phase inhérent aux limites des technologies de fabrication, qui vient ajouter un chromatisme axial aux défauts visuels engendrés par la pixellisation. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux applications possibles de la pixellisation en optique passive. Nous prouvons que pour une application visée, des lentilles binaires non pixellisées, dont nous optimisons la qualité optique, conduisent à de meilleurs résultats que les lentilles pixellisées. L’impact sur l’acuité visuelle des phénomènes diffractifs parasites induits par la pixellisation est évalué au moyen d’un banc de mesure utilisant la simulation de certaines images telles qu’elles seraient vues au travers de verres ophtalmiques pixellisés. Enfin, nous menons une étude de l’aspect esthétique d’un verre pixellisé vu par un observateur externe, à partir de modèles de calcul hybrides mêlant optique géométrique et optique de Fourier
This thesis investigates microstructured and more particularly pixelated ophthalmic glasses, the latter raising some hope for the active correction of presbyopia. A theoretical study is developed for the analysis of the optical performances of a pixelated lens in terms of image transport and leads to the identification of the parameters which have an impact on these performances. After experimental validation of the results obtained, we note and then explain the effect on the observation of a scene of eye displacement with respect to the optical function of the eyeglass. We study the effect of phase wrapping, which is inherent in the limits of the technologies implied in the manufacturing process and adds an axial chromatism effect to the visual defects generated by pixelation. We are also interested in the potential applications of pixelation in the field of passive optics. We prove that for a given application, non pixelated binary lenses, the optical quality of which we optimize, lead to better results than pixelated lenses. The impact on visual acuity of the parasitic diffractive phenomena induced by pixelation is evaluated with an optical bench using the simulation of test images seen through pixelated lenses. Finally, we study the aesthetic aspect of a pixelated component as seen by an external observer, using hybrid calculation models based on both geometrical and Fourier optics

L’Apocalypse de Lorvão appartient au cycle des commentaires illustrés de la vision de Jean aujourd’hui connus sous le nom de «Beatus». Ces œuvres d’exégèse, enluminées surtout dans le nord de la péninsule Ibérique pendant l’occupation musulmane, constituent un ensemble pictural à l’identité artistique indéniable. Cependant, le manuscrit copié et illustré dans le scriptorium du monastère de São Mamede de Lorvão en 1189 diverge à plusieurs reprises des options iconographiques des autres codex et les solutions picturales et stylistiques de l’oeuvre portugaise se détachent significativement de celles des Beatus de la même époque comme par exemple ceux de Manchester, Cardeña ou Navarre. L’oeuvre se différencie aussi du travail produit dans les scriptoria portugais les plus réputés de Santa Cruz de Coimbra et Santa Maria de Alcobaça et amène à nous interroger sur le contexte de création de l’œuvre et sur la visualité qui a été à l’origine de ces images peintes. A partir de l’analyse du travail de figuration du moine artiste on constate que la nature conceptuelle du texte interprétatif s’est superposée à la dramatisation des visions de Jean et qu’elle a conditionné l’attitude créative. C’est donc dans le rapport conceptuel et spirituel entre le travail pictural et le texte exégétique que les images du manuscrit de Lorvão trouvent, en grande partie, leur singularité. La proximité entre l’image et l’exégèse semble aussi avoir été transmise aux enluminures de Lorvão par l’archétype utilisé, dépositaire probable d’une orientation plus conceptuelle et minimale qui serait une caractéristique des enluminures des premiers Beatus. Cela peut aussi avoir une répercussion importante dans la reconfiguration du stemma pictural des Beatus.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

El patrimoni medieval jueu català, inexistent en el currículum escolar, és una assignatura pendent a les escoles del país, i a la didàctica del patrimoni. Proposem en aquesta recerca un model didàctic per a la seva transmissió entre l’alumnat de primària. Els manuscrits il·luminats són uns mitjans idonis per la transmissió del patrimoni intangible del període en el qual han estat concebuts, com intentem demostrar amb l’exemple dels Beatus de Girona i la cultura mossàrab. I en aquest sentit, disposem d’unes fonts primàries úniques que podrien ser emprades per la didàctica del patrimoni tangible i intangible hebreu català: la col·lecció de manuscrits il·luminats jueus dissenyats per la celebració de la pasqua hebrea, confeccionats en terres catalanes, els quals són un clar exemple per una banda de la vocació didàctica dels manuscrits il·luminats, com també de les possibilitats que ofereix el seu ús per al coneixement d’una cultura i d’una època. L’avantatge afegit de l’ús de les haggadot catalanes per la didàctica de la història hebrea-catalana és que ens venen a omplir el buit documental i arqueològic provocat per la destrucció i la fragmentació del patrimoni jueu a la nostra terra, a través d’un cicle visual que ens aporta una panoràmica única dels calls catalans. No obstant topem amb greus dificultats alhora d’emprar aquest llegat a l’aula de primària. El desconeixement del patrimoni jueu català i de la cultura jueva en general i la ignorància general en cultura religiosa dóna una imatge inintel·ligible d’aquest patrimoni. I per altra banda, cal destacar les dificultats de treballar amb fonts primàries: ni la llengua hebrea, ni el llenguatge ni l’escriptura medievals no són comprensibles per al públic escolar actual, fet que provocaria la necessitat de crear una edició adaptada de les haggadot de Pessah. I finalment la iconografia antiga genera una incomprensió total entre el públic escolar: les imatges també han de ser explicades i adaptades. Així doncs, després d’analitzar el potencial didàctic del cicle visual dels manuscrits il·luminats a partir del Beatus de Girona, establim les bases teòriques d’un model per a la transmissió del patrimoni jueu català: explorem les estratègies d’ensenyament de les ciències socials, i investiguem el conte i la imatge com a eines didàctiques que estaran a la base del nostre projecte. Iniciem la confecció del model didàctic amb una anàlisi prèvia de les haggadot catalanes, centrada en la transmissió del patrimoni medieval jueu català, que ens marca assenyala els diferents temes que hauran de sortir en el nostre projecte, com la seva articulació visual. Seguidament posem les bases del nou model basat en la didàctica de la imatge i del conte, delimitant-ne els objectius i determinant-ne els continguts, per finalment passar a la seva descripció textual i visual. Finalment experimentem el model creat i l’avaluem mitjançant tècniques grupals de grups de discussió o focus group. Gràcies als resultat dels diferents grups de discussió han estat validat els objectius de la recerca, mentre s’han aportat indicacions molt valuoses per tal de millorar el model creat: s’ha evidenciat de que el model, tot i essent adequat als propòsits que s’han marcat, ha de ser ampliat i completat per tal d’augmentar-ne l’abast i proporcionar eines per al seu treball a l’aula Gràcies a la nostra recerca podem afirmar finalment que el patrimoni medieval jueu català contribueix a posar en valor la diversitat cultural de la ciutat, i que la seva inclusió a l’aula de primària és una ocasió única per conèixer el passat de la ciutat, i per realitzar una pedagogia intensiva de la diversitat i del dret a la diferència, fet que fa que el nostre model pugui anar més enllà de la didàctica del patrimoni per establir-se com a eina per al creixement de l’alumnat en sentit crític i en valors ètics.
Medieval Hebrew-Catalan Heritage, not represented in school curricula, is a pending issue in our schools and in heritage education. We set forth in this study a teaching model for its transmission among Elementary School pupils, based on the collection of Medieval Hebrew-Catalan illuminated manuscripts. Illuminated manuscripts are key elements for intangible assets transmission from the period in which they were conceived, as we pretend to have demonstrated through the example of Gerona Beatus and Mozarabic culture. In this respect, we have at our disposal unique primary sources that could be used for Hebrew- Catalan tangible and intangible heritage teaching: the made in Catalonia collection of illuminated manuscripts designed to Jew Passover celebration, which are an example of the educational vocation of illuminated manuscripts, as well as of the opportunity of its use for understanding a culture and a special period. An added advantage in using the Catalan Haggadot for Hebrew-Catalan history teaching is the possibility to fill the gap in archaeological rests and documentation caused by the destruction and fragmentation of the Jewish Heritage in our territories, providing us a visual view of Catalan medieval ghettos. We run however into serious difficulties while using this legacy in Elementary School. Ignorance about Catalan Jewish heritage and about general Jewish culture, as shared unawareness about general religious principles as well, gives a confusing image of Catalan Jewish heritage. And secondly, the difficulties of working with primary sources should be noted. Neither the Hebrew language nor the medieval writing are understandable by today’s common elementary pupils, which should provoke the need for an adapted edition of the Haggadot of Pessah. But moreover, ancient iconography generates a total lack of understanding among elementary students as well: old images must be explained and adapted. For these reasons, in our research, after analyzing the educational possibilities of the illuminations of the Gerona Beatus, we establish the bases to didactic model conceived to Catalan Jewish heritage transmission. In this sense, we explore social sciences teaching strategies, and we also investigate tales and images as educational tools, understanding them as the basis of our project. In order to develop our teaching model, we start with a preliminary analysis of the Catalan Haggadot, focused on transmission of Jewish Catalan Medieval heritage, which sets the guidelines of the different issues that have to be represented in our project, as well of its visual features. We lay the foundations of a new educational model based on a tale and on images, defining its main target and determining its contents, and we eventually report its visual and textual description. We finally proceed to the experimentation on the educational model and its assessment, conducted by means of focus group. Thanks to the results of different discussion groups, the research’s targets have been validated, while valuable indications have been provided to improve the created model: it has been shown that the model, despite being suitable for the purposes that have been defined, must be completed and extended to increase its scope and to provide tools for classroom work. Through our research we can eventually conclude that Catalan Jewish heritage helps to highlight the city cultural diversity, and we can note its inclusion in elementary classroom as an unique opportunity to discover the past of the city, and to perform an intensive teaching of diversity and the right to difference, which should make our model going beyond the teaching of heritage to establish itself as a tool for the growth of students in critical and ethical values.

Vocalization patterns of two groups of captive Francois' langurs (Presbytis francoisi) were studied between August 1989 and June 1990. During the 11 months of observation, 109 hours of vocalization recordings were made at Metro Washington Park Zoo, Portland, and the San Diego Zoo, San Diego. Based on the behavioral observations and the vocalization recordings, two categories of vocalization types are described. Type I consists of 20 basic patterns including infant vocalizations and a vocalization recorded by other observers. Type II consists of 3 patterns related to stereotypic behavior and possible stress under captive conditions. Physical characteristics and the context of behavior for each call type are described. Spectrograms are given for all call types except the loud call. Among the calls recorded, whistle vocalizations of infants are the longest in duration. Comparison of vocalization patterns of P. francoisi to those of other species of the genus Presbytis revealed similarities in behavior and context among some call types in the species of P. entellus and P. johnii.
Graduation date: 1992

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
A acidificação oceânica é um problema global, cujos efeitos são ainda pouco estudados. Com maior foco de investigação em organismos com exoesqueleto calcário, pouca atenção tem sido dada ao potencial impacto noutros processos e componentes do ecossistema, como o caso dos estágios iniciais do ciclo de vida de outros organismos, como os peixes. Neste sentido, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da exposição a elevadas concentrações de pCO2 no comportamento, desenvolvimento e metabolismo das fases larvares do peixe-rei, Atherina presbyter. As larvas em estado de desenvolvimento de flexão e pós-flexão foram capturadas no parque marinho da Arrábida, Portugal, e mantidas em condições controladas com diferentes níveis de pCO2 (Controlo: ~600μatm; Médio: ~1000μatm; Elevado: ~1800μatm) entre 7-15 dias, antes da sua velocidade crítica de natação (Ucrit) ser testada. Adicionalmente, foram determinados dados morfométricos e biomarcadores bioquímicos relacionados com stress oxidativo (SOD, CAT, LPO, danos no DNA e ROS) e metabolismo energético (ETS, LDH, IDH e Hidratos de Carbono). Os resultados sugerem que o comportamento natatório das larvas não é afectado pela exposição a elevados níveis de CO2; no entanto os resultados bioquímicos apoiam a hipótese de que elevados custos energéticos poderão estar associados a alterações morfométricas, bem como à exposição a um maior stress ambiental. Este estudo contribui com informação relativa à sensibilidade desta espécie em condições futuras de acidificação oceânica, demonstrando que apesar da ausência de efeitos comportamentais natatórios, a resposta metabólica evidencia a existência de stress oxidativo em elevado pCO2, cujas consequências futuras são ainda desconhecidas.
ABSTRACT: The ocean acidification is a critical global problem and scientific investigation of its effects is still in its infancy. Most research has been conducted on calcifying organisms and little attention has been given to the potential impact on other ecosystem processes and components, like the early life-stages of non-calcifying organisms such as fish. In this context, the main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to elevated pCO2 on behavior, development, oxidative stress and metabolism of the early stages of sand-smelt, Atherina presbyter. Wild larvae in flexion and post-flexion stages were caught at Arrábida Marine Park, Portugal and kept in controlled conditions with different pCO2 levels (Control: ~600μatm; Medium: ~1000μatm; High: ~1800μatm) between 7-15 days, before being tested to assess critical swimming speed (Ucrit). Additionally, morphometric measurements and biochemical biomarkers were determined. The measured biomarkers were related with oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, LPO, DNA damage and ROS) and energy metabolism (total carbohydrate levels, ETS, LDH and IDH). Results suggest that swimming behavior of sand-smelt is unaffected by exposure to high pCO2 levels; however the biochemical results suggest higher energetic costs may be associated with morphometric changes and also with the exposure to a stressful environment. This study contributes with information on this species sensitivity to future ocean acidification conditions, showing that despite the absence of swimming behavior effects, the metabolic responses demonstrate an evidence of oxidative stress at elevated pCO2, whose future consequences are still unknown.

The issue of ecclesiastical ministries, services and offices has always attracted attention of theological scholars and church ministers. The early Christian Church shows a great variability of its organizational models. The suitable starting point for their explanation is the charismatic phenomena in the earliest Church. In the Epistle to the Ephesians, prophets stand alongside the apostles as those who form the fundaments of Church teaching. According to Luke's Acts, the imposition of hands accompanies the mediation of the Spirit during the process of being entrusted with various services in the Church. There are numerous specifications of charismata in St Paul's letters; at the same time, some of these gifts can transform into permanent offices, like those of leadership or teaching. Early Christians especially revered martyrdom, particularly that of their pastors. Itinerant prophets also enjoyed high esteem. Their pronouncements in ecstatic moments were considered inspired by the Holy Spirit. Nevertheless, itinerant missionaries potentially also presented a grave danger of heresies that could spread among the faithful. However, the constitutive role in the Church belonged undoubtedly to the apostles, the only ministry established by the Lord himself. According to Luke's writings, the concept of apostles is reduced only to the Twelve. Nevertheless, Paul in his letters appeals to his personal apostolate. Besides that, a clearer concept of apostolate in the early Church there can be found also, namely that of the missionaries. In the Jewish Christian milieu, the early Church followed in the exercise of the presbyter's ministry, known from the synagogue life. In the Pastoral Epistles, presbyters operate together with deacons and bishops as leaders of the various Churches. In the epistles of Ignatius of Antiochia, dated to the beginning of the second Christian century, the three grades of Church hierarchy, i.e. the deacons, the presbyters and the sole bishop, are mentioned as already existing. This type of monarchic episcopacy soon became the prevalent leadership model of Church organization, known throughout its history.

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Biologia Marinha e Conservação
A acidificação do oceano, causada por níveis elevados de dióxido de carbono (CO2) atmosférico, é reconhecida como uma ameaça aos ecossistemas marinhos. A maioria dos estudos tem-se centrado nos organismos de calcificação marinha, devido à dependência de carbonato de cálcio, que poderá ficar limitado no futuro. Menos atenção tem sido dada aos peixes, mas estudos recentes sobre os estados larvares sugerem que o comportamento, crescimento, desenvolvimento e mesmo a dimensão de estrutura como otólitos podem ser afetados com o aumento dos níveis de CO2. Contudo, outros estudos não conseguem detectar efeitos negativos, sugerindo vulnerabilidades variáveis entre espécies. Neste estudo foram testados os efeitos da acidificação no período larvar de Lepadogaster lepadogaster, uma espécie de peixe marinho temperado. Foram incubados ovos e desenvolvidas as larvas em cativeiro e em condições de controlo e de pCO2 elevado. As alterações morfométricas e o tamanho de otólitos foram examinados em larvas em préassentamento. Foi ainda testada a resposta comportamental a um odor de predador em larvas de L. lepadogaster e de Atherina presbyter, mantidas em condições de pCO2 elevado. A capacidade de reconhecer odores de predadores por ser uma resposta chave para a sobrevivência, sendo reconhecido em diversos estudos como um dos mais afetados em peixes expostos a altos níveis de CO2. Os resultados sugerem que as fases larvares de L. lepadogaster podem ser mais resilientes a cenários de acidificação, enquanto A. presbyter parece ser mais suscetível, com potenciais efeitos na sua sobrevivência. Estudos futuros deverão abordar a capacidade de diferentes espécies se adaptarem às condições de acidificação previstas até final deste século.
Ocean acidification, caused by elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), is recognized as a serious threat to marine ecosystems. Until now, most studies have focused on marine calcifying organisms, due to dependence on calcium carbonate, which is likely to become limited under future acidification scenarios. Less attention has been given to fish, but recent studies on the early life stages suggest that behavior, growth, development and otolith size may be highly affected by increasing CO2 levels. Other studies, on the other hand, fail to detect negative effects, suggesting species-specific vulnerabilities to increasing concentrations of CO2 and point to a need of further research. Here we tested the effects of CO2-induced ocean acidification on the early life stages of a temperate marine fish, the clingfish Lepadogaster lepadogaster, by rearing larvae since hatching in control and high pCO2 conditions. Size-at-age metrics and otolith size were examined in pre-settlement stage larvae. Additionally, behavioral response to a predator odour was tested in L. lepadogaster larvae and in Atherina presbyter larvae, maintained in high pCO2 conditions. Recognition of predator odours is a key behavior for predator avoidance and survival, and is one of the most commonly affected behaviors in fishes exposed to high CO2 levels. Results suggest that early life stages of L. lepadogaster might be resilient to future scenarios of ocean acidification, whereas A. presbyter might be more susceptible, with potential impacts on its future survival. Future studies should address species capacity to adapt to the predicted ocean acidification over the next century.