Journal articles: 'Presbyterian Church – Missions – Cameroon'

1

Thomas, Guy. "Retrieving Hidden Traces of the Intercultural Past: An Introduction to Archival Resources in Cameroon, with Special Reference to the Central Archives of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon." History in Africa 25 (1998): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172199.

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Towards the end of 1886 four missionaries set foot on Cameroonian soil in the harbor of Douala. They were representatives of the Switzerland based Basel Mission (BM) who had arrived to take over from the pioneers of Christian mission work in Cameroon, the British Baptists, two years after this part of west-central Africa had been brought under German colonial rule in 1884. Their challenge was founded on the key objectives of consolidating and expanding the web of christian communities which had been established along the Atlantic coast north of the Wouri estuary.Today, just over 110 years later, traces of the Basel Mission's enterprise are widely spread over the Anglophone South West and North West Provinces of Cameroon. These remnants of the past have been partly reshaped to suit the specific patterns of church activities and administration among their African target groups; partly they have been effaced through the erosive impact of time. But only partly, for numerous episodes and aspects of this chapter on religious and social history are well documented both in substantial collections of records and in several publications.

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Lang, Michael Kpughe. "The Presbyterian Church in Cameroon and Rural Missionary Work." Rural Theology 12, no. 2 (November 2014): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1470499414z.00000000031.

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Constable, Philip. "Scottish Missionaries, ‘Protestant Hinduism’ and the Scottish Sense of Empire in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-century India." Scottish Historical Review 86, no. 2 (October 2007): 278–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2007.86.2.278.

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This article examines the Scottish missionary contribution to a Scottish sense of empire in India in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Initially, the article reviews general historiographical interpretations which have in recent years been developed to explain the Scottish relationship with British imperial development in India. Subsequently the article analyses in detail the religious contributions of Scottish Presbyterian missionaries of the Church of Scotland and the Free Church Missions to a Scottish sense of empire with a focus on their interaction with Hindu socioreligious thought in nineteenth-century western India. Previous missionary historiography has tended to focus substantially on the emergence of Scottish evangelical missionary activity in India in the early nineteenth century and most notably on Alexander Duff (1806–78). Relatively little has been written on Scottish Presbyterian missions in India in the later nineteenth century, and even less on the significance of their missionary thought to a Scottish sense of Indian empire. Through an analysis of Scottish Presbyterian missionary critiques in both vernacular Marathi and English, this article outlines the orientalist engagement of Scottish Presbyterian missionary thought with late nineteenth-century popular Hinduism. In conclusion this article demonstrates how this intellectual engagement contributed to and helped define a Scottish missionary sense of empire in India.

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Chang, Oan Ik. "Effect and Evaluation of the Presbyterian Church in Cambodia on Cambodia Protestant Missions." ACTS Theological Journal 24 (July 30, 2015): 169–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19114/atj.24.5.

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Lang, Michael Kpughe. "The Patterns of Corruption in Christian Churches of Cameroon: The Case of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 31, no. 2 (April 2014): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265378813519724.

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Robert Mbe, Akoko. "‘You Must Be Born-Again’: The Pentecostalisation of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 25, no. 2 (May 2007): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589000701396306.

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FEITOZA, PEDRO. "Experiments in Missionary Writing: Protestant Missions and the Imprensa Evangelica in Brazil, 1864–1892." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 69, no. 3 (March 22, 2018): 585–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046917002809.

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The Imprensa Evangelica, published between 1864 and 1892 in Brazil by Presbyterian missionaries, furnished Brazilian Evangelical minorities with a means of crafting new religious identities and of asserting their presence in the public arena. Its editors defended the political rights of non-Catholics in the country, took part in religious controversies with Catholic publications in Brazil and Portugal, and intervened in on-going public debates on the separation of Church and State and the abolition of slavery. This article also examines how the periodical's circulation generated new reading practices in Brazil.

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Rosi, Bruno Goncalves. "Personal Evangelism or Social Reform? The Challenge to Brazilian Presbyterianism in the Nineteenth Century." Unio Cum Christo 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.35285/ucc7.1.2021.art7.

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This article analyses how Presbyterian missionaries and the early pastors in Brazil answered the call to help lead the country to material progress. In terms of organization, it follows the chronological order of a scheme traditional among historians of Presbyterianism in Brazil: beginning, consolidation, and dissent. It begins with the antecedents and mostly the work of the pioneer James Cooley Fletcher. While some leaders wanted to help Brazil develop as a nation, most workers in the early Presbyterian Church had a more conservative approach. They were not necessarily antagonistic to the material progress the gospel could bring but favored personal evangelism as their main goal. Debates on this issue would mark the early denomination, especially in its dissent phase. KEYWORDS: Ashbel Green Simonton, James Cooley Fletcher, Brazilian history, missionary history, missions to Brazil, evangelism, social work

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Ko, Hoon. "A History of the Early Missions of the Korean Presbyterian Church, written by Kyung-Woon Min." Mission Studies 37, no. 2 (June 19, 2020): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341723.

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Kang, Sung-Ho. "Establishment and Operation of the Suncheon Station of the Korea Missions Presbyterian Church in the United States." Centre for Namdo Culture 37 (August 31, 2019): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31929/namdo.2019.37.147.

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Rychetská, Magdaléna. "Thirty Years of Mission in Taiwan: The Case of Presbyterian Missionary George Leslie Mackay." Religions 12, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12030190.

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The aims of this paper are to analyze the missionary endeavors of the first Canadian Presbyterian missionary in Taiwan, George Leslie Mackay (1844–1901), as described in From Far Formosa: The Islands, Its People and Missions, and to explore how Christian theology was established among and adapted to the Taiwanese people: the approaches that Mackay used and the missionary strategies that he implemented, as well as the difficulties that he faced. Given that Mackay’s missionary strategy was clearly highly successful—within 30 years, he had built 60 churches and made approximately 2000 converts—the question of how he achieved these results is certainly worth considering. Furthermore, from the outset, Mackay was perceived and received very positively in Taiwan and is considered something of a folk hero in the country even today. In the present-day narrative of the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan, Mackay is seen as someone whose efforts to establish an independent church with native local leadership helped to introduce democracy to Taiwan. However, in some of the scholarship, missionaries such as Mackay are portrayed as profit seekers. This paper seeks to give a voice to Mackay himself and thereby to provide a more symmetrical approach to mission history.

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Eliyanah, Evi. "THE MISSIONARY WOMEN IN THE INLAND OF AUSTRALIA AND THE AUSTRALIAN INLAND MISSION AS REPRESENTED IN BETH BECKETT’S LIFE MEMOIR." TEFLIN Journal - A publication on the teaching and learning of English 21, no. 2 (August 29, 2015): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v21i2/107-117.

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This article looks at the gender dimension of religious missions administered by the Presbyterian Church in the inland Australia as represented in Beth Beckett’s life memoir written in 1947-1955. It is aimed at obtaining general ideas on the involvement of women, as the wives of missionaries, Focusing on the experience of Beth Beckett, it argues that her position as a wife of a missionary is problematic: on the one hand she did transgress the traditional idea of staying home wife by choosing to travel along with her husband, but at the same time, she was still bound by the domestic side of the job.

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Womack, Deanna Ferree. "Lubnani,Libanais, Lebanese: Missionary Education, Language Policy and Identity Formation in Modern Lebanon." Studies in World Christianity 18, no. 1 (April 2012): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2012.0003.

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This article examines language instruction and religious and socio-political identity formation in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American Protestant and French Jesuit missionary institutions in Lebanon. It compares French, English and Arabic language education policies at Saint Joseph University (Université Saint-Joseph), Syrian Protestant College (now the American University in Beirut) and the American Syria Mission schools under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the USA. The article considers the mutual transformations in the encounter between missionaries and Lebanese students and addresses the relationship between language learning and educational, literary and nationalist development in the Middle East. Emphasising the agency of Arabic-speaking Ottoman subjects and their reciprocal relationship with missionaries, it argues that before the turn of the century, those individuals who acquired a foreign language and excelled in literary Arabic charted the course toward social, cultural and political change in the twentieth century.

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Müller, Retief. "Traversing a Tightrope between Ecumenism and Exclusivism: The Intertwined History of South Africa’s Dutch Reformed Church and the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian in Nyasaland (Malawi)." Religions 12, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12030176.

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During the first few decades of the 20th century, the Nkhoma mission of the Dutch Reformed Church of South Africa became involved in an ecumenical venture that was initiated by the Church of Scotland’s Blantyre mission, and the Free Church of Scotland’s Livingstonia mission in central Africa. Geographically sandwiched between these two Scots missions in Nyasaland (presently Malawi) was Nkhoma in the central region of the country. During a period of history when the DRC in South Africa had begun to regressively disengage from ecumenical entanglements in order to focus on its developing discourse of Afrikaner Christian nationalism, this venture in ecumenism by one of its foreign missions was a remarkable anomaly. Yet, as this article illustrates, the ecumenical project as finalized at a conference in 1924 was characterized by controversy and nearly became derailed as a result of the intransigence of white DRC missionaries on the subject of eating together with black colleagues at a communal table. Negotiations proceeded and somehow ended in church unity despite the DRC’s missionaries’ objection to communal eating. After the merger of the synods of Blantyre, Nkhoma and Livingstonia into the unified CCAP, distinct regional differences remained, long after the colonial missionaries departed. In terms of its theological predisposition, especially on the hierarchy of social relations, the Nkhoma synod remains much more conservative than both of its neighboring synods in the CCAP to the south and north. Race is no longer a matter of division. More recently, it has been gender, and especially the issue of women’s ordination to ministry, which has been affirmed by both Blantyre and Livingstonia, but resisted by the Nkhoma synod. Back in South Africa, these events similarly had an impact on church history and theological debate, but in a completely different direction. As the theology of Afrikaner Christian nationalism and eventually apartheid came into positions of power in the 1940s, the DRC’s Nkhoma mission in Malawi found itself in a position of vulnerability and suspicion. The very fact of its participation in an ecumenical project involving ‘liberal’ Scots in the formation of an indigenous black church was an intolerable digression from the normative separatism that was the hallmark of the DRC under apartheid. Hence, this article focuses on the variegated entanglements of Reformed Church history, mission history, theology and politics in two different 20th-century African contexts, Malawi and South Africa.

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Sharkey, Heather J. "An Egyptian in China: Ahmed Fahmy and the Making of “World Christianities”." Church History 78, no. 2 (May 28, 2009): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000964070900050x.

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Ahmed Fahmy, who was born in Alexandria, Egypt, in 1861 and died in Golders Green, London, in 1933, was the most celebrated convert from Islam to Christianity in the history of the American Presbyterian mission in Egypt. American Presbyterians had started work in Egypt in 1854 and soon developed the largest Protestant mission in the country. They opened schools, hospitals, and orphanages; sponsored the development of Arabic Christian publishing and Bible distribution; and with local Egyptians organized evangelical work in towns and villages from Alexandria to Aswan. In an age when Anglo-American Protestant missions were expanding across the globe, they conceived of their mission as a universal one and sought to draw Copts and Muslims alike toward their reformed (that is, Protestant) creed. In the long run, American efforts led to the creation of an Egyptian Evangelical church (Kanisa injiliyya misriyya) even while stimulating a kind of “counter-reformation” within Coptic Orthodoxy along with new forms of social outreach among Muslim activists and nationalists.

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Lang, MK. "International Ecumenical Community Development Aid in Bad Hands: The Case of the Bu Health Centre Project of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon." Lagos Historical Review 13, no. 1 (September 3, 2014): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/lhr.v13i1.7.

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17

Davis, Joanne. "Family Trees: Roots and Branches – The Dynasty and Legacy of the Reverend Tiyo Soga." Studies in World Christianity 21, no. 1 (April 2015): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2015.0103.

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The Reverend Tiyo Soga, ordained as a minister in the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland in December 1856, is a remarkable figure in many ways. However, one area not yet commented on in the scholarly literature on Soga is the legacy of his family within the ministry. This paper examines the role of Soga's parents, ‘Old Soga’ and NoSuthu, in his conversion and introduces his wife, Janet Soga, and their seven surviving children, of whom two sons – William Anderson and John Henderson – were ordained ministers and missionaries, and two daughters – Isabelle McFarlane and Francis Maria Anne – worked in missions in the Eastern Cape. The three remaining Soga siblings, who did not go in for the ministry, nonetheless led full and interesting lives. Kirkland Allan was a pioneer of the now ruling African National Congress, Festiri Jotelo was the first South African veterinary surgeon, and Jessie Margaret was a pianist and music teacher in Scotland, where she looked after Janet Soga after they moved to Dollar following Soga's death. In addition, Soga's nephew and namesake, Tiyo Burnside Soga, became an ordained minister and a writer, and since then, several of Soga's great- and great-great-grandchildren have become ministers. This paper seeks to situate the Soga family as a powerful family in South African religious history and its intelligentsia.

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Sweetnam, Mark. "Communication and conversion in northern Cameroon. The Dii people and Norwegian missionaries, 1934–1960. By Tomas Sundnes Drønen. (Studies in Christian Mission, 37.) Pp. xvi+236 incl. 2 maps+20 plates. Leiden–Boston: Brill, 2009. €99. 978 90 04 17754 3; 0924 9389 - The Presbyterian Church of East Africa. An account of its gospel missionary society origins, 1895–1946. By Evanson N. Wamagatta. (American University Studies. Ser.7. Theology and Religion, 290.) Pp. xx+251 incl. map and 11 figs. New York: Peter Lang, 2009. £49.50. 978 1 4331 0596 8; 0740 0446." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 62, no. 4 (September 19, 2011): 853–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046911001011.

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19

Bradbury, Betiina. "Women and the History of Their Work in Canada: Some Recent BooksSCHOOLING AND SCHOLARS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY ONTARIO. Susan Houston arid Alison Prentice. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988.THE NEW DAY RECALLED. THE LIVES OF GIRLS AND WOMEN IN ENGLISH CANADA, 1919-1939. Veronica Strong-Boag. Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman, 1988.LES FEMMES AU TOURNANT DU SIÈCLE, 1880-1940. Ville Saint-Laurent: Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture, 1989.LA NORME ET LES DÉVIANTES. DES FEMMES AU QUÉBEC PENDANT L’ENTRE DEUX GUERRES. André Lévesque. Montréal: Les editions du remue-ménage, 1989.WHILE THE WOMEN ONLY WEPT: LOYALIST REFUGEE WOMEN IN EASTERN ONTARIO. Janice MacKinnon-Potter. MontreallKingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1992."THEY’RE STILL WOMEN AFTER ALL.” Ruth Roach Pierson. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1986.WOMEN’S WORK, MARKETS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY ONTARIO. Marjorie Griffin Cohen. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988.MÉNAGÈRES AU TEMPS DE LA CRISE. Denyse Baillargeon. Montreal: Remue-ménage, 1991SUCH HARDWORKING PEOPLE: WOMEN, MEN AND THE ITALIAN IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE IN POSTWAR TORONTO. Franca lacovetta. Montreal!Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1992.CHAIN HER BY ONE FOOT: THE SUBJUGATION OF WOMEN IN I7TH CENTURY NEW FRANCE. Karen Anderson. New York: Routledge, 1991.PETTICOATS AND PREJUDICE: WOMEN AND LAW IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY CANADA. Constance Backhouse. Toronto: Women’s Press, 1991.SWEATSHOP STRIFE: CLASS, ETHNICITY AND GENDER IN THE JEWISH LABOUR MOVEMENT OF TORONTO, 1900-1939. Ruth Frager. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992.DREAMS OF EQUALITY: WOMEN ON THE CANADIAN LEFT, 1920-1950. Joan Sangster. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1989.WEDDED TO THE CAUSE: UKRAINIAN-CAN ADI AN WOMEN AND ETHNIC IDENTITY. Frances Swyripa. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993.DEFIANT SISTERS: A SOCIAL HISTORY OF FINNISH IMMIGRANT WOMEN IN CANADA. Varpu Lindstrom-Best. Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario, 1988.THE GENDER OF BREADWINNERS: WOMEN, MEN AND CHANGE IN TWO INDUSTRIAL TOWNS, 1880-1950. Joy Parr. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990.THE AGE OF LIGHT, SOAP AND WATER: MORAL REFORM IN ENGLISH CANADA, 1885-1925. Mariana Valverde. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1991.NEW WOMEN FOR GOD: CANADIAN PRESBYTERIAN WOMEN AND INDIA MISSIONS, 1876-1914. Ruth Brouwer. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990.PETTICOATS IN THE PULPIT: EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY METHODIST PREACHERS IN UPPER CANADA. Elizabeth Gillan Muir. Toronto-.United Church Publishing, 1991.A SENSITIVE INDEPENDENCE: CANADIAN METHODIST WOMEN MISSIONARIES IN CANADA AND THE ORIENT, 1881-1925. Rosemary Gagan. Montreal!Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1992." Journal of Canadian Studies 28, no. 3 (August 1993): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.28.3.159.

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Nyiawung, Mbengu D., and Ernest Van Eck. "An African hermeneutic reading of Luke 9:18–22 in relation to conflict and leadership in pastoral ministry: The Cameroonian context." HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 69, no. 1 (January 14, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v69i1.1201.

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The practice of ministry is an intricate issue which involves the combination of individual efforts from diverse backgrounds. This diversity has been a breeding ground for conflict between the clergy and all the stakeholders involved in parish administration. This article attempted to highlight some of these conflicts, using the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon as a case study. The approach employed is an African hermeneutic reading of Luke 9:18–22 in which the clergy’s leadership has been likened to that of Jesus. The presence of many distracting agents did not perturb Jesus’ ministry instead, he remained focused. Conclusively, it is observed that the clergy often face conflict within the ministry because they ignore the fact that (1) they are expected to know their mission better than anyone else; (2) the diverse backgrounds of their followers are potential causes of conflict; and (3) there are several distracting agents within the ministry. In short, Jesus’ model of conflict management is recommended to the clergy for an effective pastoral ministry.

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Asare-Danso, Seth. "Building a Mission-Oriented Church in Ghana in the 21st Century: The Role of Theological Education." E-Journal of Religious and Theological Studies, June 22, 2020, 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.38159/erats.2020065.

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This study examined the role of theological education in building a mission-oriented church in Ghana in the 21st century. The study sought to find answers to the goal of theological education in Ghana; the motives for the church in embarking on missions; the models of theological education in Ghana; the structure and content of theological education in Ghana; how theological education in Ghana could be mission-oriented. The qualitative research methodology was employed with a focus on a case study of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana and the Anglican Church of Ghana. Observation, Interview and Content Analysis of documents were used for data collection. The findings were that the goal of missions was to alleviate poverty, ignorance and hardships. The motives for missions were cross-cultural, international, co-operative and holistic. Different models of theological education were used. The study recommends theological education be provided for pastors and lay leaders in fulfilment of UN SDG 4, which seeks to provide equitable quality education; and equal opportunity be given to females to receive theological education, in fulfilment of UN SDG 5, which seeks to achieve gender equality.

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Chombeng Rene, Anita Lemsi. "Budgeting: A Tool for Financial Management and Control: The Case of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2714588.

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Cosmilla, Jeremy Lloyd O. "Compassion and Service." Mount Royal Undergraduate Humanities Review (MRUHR) 6 (March 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/mruhr588.

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The Korean mission of the Presbyterian Church of Canada, influenced by the success of the social gospel model, built hospitals and dispensaries in Korea on their arrival in 1898. Medical work and evangelization were the primary missions of the physicians sent to Korea. Arriving in 1901, Dr. Kate McMillan had a hard time balancing evangelical and medical work, as well as work with the bible-work, women’s city work, fellow missionaries, and training Korean aides enough for them to go to medical school. While most of the female missionaries’ focus were on girls’ and women’s activities, McMillan treated both men and women, evidenced by a letter requesting for the mission to send male physicians as “male patients have diseases which a lady should not be asked to treat.” Dr. Florence Murray arrived in Korea in 1921, a year before McMillan’s death in 1922. Murray was pulled into the medical work in Ham Heung rather suddenly, as she was in Seoul learning Korean before McMillan’s death. She doubted McMillan’s expertise and was horrified of how unsanitary the conditions were. Due to funding shortages, the hospital started charging their patients. The patients blamed the new physician for this. Gender dynamics of the mission resulted in the “women’s work for women” approach. This gave them an advantage and focus on a certain demographic instead of spreading themselves thin. The rise of the social gospel model created more roles for women, as was the case for McMillan and Murray.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Presbyterian Church – Missions – Cameroon'

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