Journal articles: 'Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas'

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Mohammad, Noor-Faezah, Nur-Aizatul Tukiman, Roberta Chaya Tawie Tingga, et al. "A brief review of Bornean banded langur Presbytis chrysomelas (Müller, 1838) of Sarawak." Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 7, no. 4 (2023): 265–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8313172.

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The critically endangered Bornean banded langur (Presbytis chrysomelas) is exclusively found in Borneo. This species is classified among the world's 25 most endangered primate species. The geographical locations and distribution patterns of P. chrysomelas remain inadequately understood, and their taxonomic classification remains unclear. Although it was once abundant in Sarawak, the distribution of P. chrysomelas has become one of the most restricted among all Presbytis species. Presently, documented sightings of P. chrysomelas span across five specific locations in Sarawak: Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary, Tanjung Datu National Park, Gunung Pueh National Park, Similajau National Park, and Maludam National Park. Thus, the purpose of this review is to present previous studies conducted on P. chrysomelas in Sarawak, elucidating its taxonomy, characteristics, distributions, important sites, research gaps, threats, and recommendations for further studies. Immediate conservation efforts and attention from the primatologist, relevant authorities and stakeholders are needed to prevent the localized extinction of P. chrysomelas.

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Santoso, Nyoto, Reza Dwiputra Perdhana, and Sutopo. "COHABITATION THE TRICOLOUR LANGUR AND MULLER’S GIBBON IN PULAU MAJANG RESORT, DANAU SENTARUM NATIONAL PARK." Media Konservasi 28, no. 2 (2023): 176–86. https://doi.org/10.29244/medkon.28.2.176-186.

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The interaction between Presbytis chrysomelas ssp. cruciger and Hylobates muelleri which occurs due to the utilization of the same resources has caused the two primates to cohabitate in the Majang Island Resort Area. Information regarding resource use by cohabiting species is very important for their conservation management. The aims of this research are to identify common niches between P. chrysomelas and Muller’s gibbon, to analyze the niche overlap and niche breadth; to find out the forms of spatial cohabitation and the factors that cause cohabitation. Data collection was carried out from July to December 2021. Cohabitation was identified in the use of vertical and horizontal space which is closely related to the availability of feed for both primates. There is overlapping home ranges between the P. chrysomelas and Muller’s gibbon at the study site covering an area of 9.93 ha, and only B stratum (trees with a height of 18 – 30 m) which are used jointly for activity by both primates. The Jaccard index for the association of vertical space use for P. chrysomelas and Muller’s gibbon is 0.33 while the Jaccard index for the number of forage plant species is 0.50. P. chrysomelas ecological niche overlaps 116% with Muller’s gibbon and the H.muelleri ecological niche overlaps 65% with P. chrysomelas’s. Calculation of the ecological niche area of P. chrysomelas is FT = 0.65335, the lower limit and upper limit value is 0.27033 ≤ FT ≥ 0.91288. Meanwhile, for the Muller’s gibbon, the value is FT = 0.46454, the lower and upper limits are 0.04483 ≤ FT ≥ 0.79644. Key words: Cohabitation, Danau Sentarum, Tricolour langur, Muller’s gibbon

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Ampeng, Ahmad, and Badrul Munir Md-Zain. "Ranging Patterns of Critically Endangered Colobine,Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/594382.

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Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelasendemic only in Sarawak and Kalimantan was categorized by IUCN as a critically endangered primate that require special attention from research and conservation perspectives. A qualitative study on ranging patterns ofP. c. chrysomelaswas conducted in the Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary, Sarawak. The study was conducted over a period of 13 months from December 2004 to December 2005 with 213 days of observation. Behavioural observation covered 17 groups with special emphasis on two main groups and 1 subadult group. Scanning and focal sampling were employed as the observation methods. Results indicated thatP. c. chrysomelashad vertical, straight horizontal, and cross-horizontal types of movement patterns.P. c. chrysomelaswas recorded to have a short movement distance (31.8–54.3 m). Distribution, abundance types, and food resources might be the factors that shaped the patterns of movement and distance inP. c. chrysomelas.

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Nur-Aizatul, Tukiman, Abd Rahman Mohd-Ridwan, Mohammad Noor-Faezah, et al. "Seasonal variation in activity budgets of critically endangered Bornean banded langur, Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas in Malaysian Borneo." Biodiversity Data Journal 13 (May 15, 2025): e141783. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.13.e141783.

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The activity budget of a primate varies in response to environmental and habitat conditions, including seasonality. To elucidate how primates adapt their behavior to the seasonal shift, the activity budget of Bornean banded langurs (Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas) in the Tanjung Datu National Park southwestern of Sarawak and stratum utilization were studied from July 2023 to February 2024. The behavioral data were collected through scan sampling (336 observation hours) of Bornean banded langur groups. Overall, the langurs allocated most of their time to resting (35.4%), feeding (32.3%), moving (16.2%), vocalizing (9.2%), and social activities like grooming and playing (6.9%). The seasonal variation was evident, with increased foraging and social activities during the dry season and a greater allocation of time to locomotion during the wet season. Additionally, the Mann-Whitney U test revealed significant seasonal fluctuation in social activities (grooming and playing, P<0.001), while feeding, moving, and resting remained unaffected (P>0.05). Food availability and distribution may influence the langur activity budget, with increased travel distance during the wet season because of food scarcity. The langurs predominantly use stratum C (21–30 m) to feed, rest, move, and socialize. This study highlights the seasonal ecology of this critically endangered endemic primate and underscores the importance of habitat conservation efforts to ensure the sustainability of their populations amid environmental changes.

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Samsul, Nyoto Santoso, and Burhanuddin Mas’yud. "Sentarum langurs (Presbytis chrysomelas) demographic parameters in Sepandan Resort Area of Sentarum Lake National Park." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 13, no. 3 (2023): 454–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.13.3.454-461.

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Lutung Sentarum (Presbytis Chrysomelas spp cruciger) is a member of the Presbyis tribe. Langur Sentarum (Presbytis Chrysomelas Cruciger) is one of the endemic animals in West Kalimantan with unprotected status, but is vulnerable to extinction. The study was conducted to obtain data on the demographic parameters of animal populations and their management in the Sepandan Resort area. The research was conducted through field observations to obtain data on demographic parameters with the concentration count method based on consideration of the characteristics of species distribution and field conditions in the research area. Population size data collection was carried out at 15 observation points, which were spread across all habitats types in the research study area. Observations or population size calculations at one point were carried out three times, namely in the morning (06.00 – 08.00), afternoon (12.00 – 14.00) and afternoon (16.00 – 18.00), and three replicates were carried out. The results of data from Lutung sentarum at the Sepandan resort found 8 groups from 2 areas, namely in Pelaik hamlet 2 groups and in Kedungkang hamlet 6 groups. Each group relatively had 1 adult male. Total individuals found were 58 individuals consisting of: 8 adult males, 25 adult females, 5 juvenile males, 18 juvenile females and 2 chicks. The total number of adult males and juveniles is 13 individuals and the total number of females is 43 individuals. The results in the sex ratio calculation of the encounter of 8 groups consisting of 13 males and 43 females were composed of sex ratio values of 1: 3. Total natality value of 8 groups of langur sentarum is 0.08.

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Ampeng, Ahmad, Hamden Mohammad, Jack Liam, et al. "First recorded sighting of the Critically Endangered Tricolour Langur, Presbytis chrysomelas cruciger (Thomas, 1892) (Primates, Cercopithecidae), in Jemoreng Protected Forest, Sarawak, Malaysia." Check List 20, no. 2 (2024): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/20.2.518.

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Presbytis chrysomelas cruciger (Thomas, 1892) is a Critically Endangered langur subspecies that has rarely been studied due to the difficulty of encountering it in the wild. Previously, this subspecies was sighted in Maludam National Park, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Here, we provide the &#64257;rst sighting record of P. c. cruciger in Jemoreng Protected Forest in Sarawak, where a total of eight groups were observed. We urge for further comprehensive studies and immediate conservation action.

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Ampeng, Ahmad, Hamden Mohammad, Jack Liam, et al. "First recorded sighting of the Critically Endangered Tricolour Langur, Presbytis chrysomelas cruciger (Thomas, 1892) (Primates, Cercopithecidae), in Jemoreng Protected Forest, Sarawak, Malaysia." Check List 20, no. (2) (2024): 518–23. https://doi.org/10.15560/20.2.518.

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Presbytis chrysomelas cruciger (Thomas, 1892) is a Critically Endangered langur subspecies that has rarely been studied due to the difficulty of encountering it in the wild. Previously, this subspecies was sighted in Maludam National Park, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Here, we provide the ﬁrst sighting record of P. c. cruciger in Jemoreng Protected Forest in Sarawak, where a total of eight groups were observed. We urge for further comprehensive studies and immediate conservation action.

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Nur-Aizatul, Tukiman, Abd Rahman Mohd-Ridwan, Mohammad Noor-Faezah, et al. "Preliminary assessment of group composition and activity pattern of the critically endangered Bornean Banded Langur Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas in Tanjung Datu National Park." Biodiversity Data Journal 12 (June 24, 2024): e124196. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e124196.

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The Bornean banded langur (Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas) is critically endangered species primarily found in Sarawak, Malaysia. Albeit this species is in peril, the ecology knowledge of this endemic species of Borneo is still scarce. Thus, a rapid survey employing total count and scan sampling method was conducted between July to August 2023 at Tanjung Datu National Park (TDNP), Sarawak to observe the social interaction of species with the environment. The behaviour of langur was recorded by employing scanning sampling method at 10 minutes intervals. This study sought to provide preliminary data on behavioural ecology of the Bornean banded langur within the national park. During the survey, three groups (consisting two to seven individuals) and a solitary male Bornean banded langur were recorded. The langurs were observed in both dipterocarp forests and coastal forests within the park. The daily activities of the Bornean banded langurs in TDNP were predominantly resting (31%), moving (29%), feeding (26%), vocalizing (14%), but not engaging in other social activities such as grooming, playing and mating. Knowing the behavioural ecological status as well as understanding ecology by identifying the activity pattern of langur is essential to government authorities and pertinent stakeholders to implement conservation strategies for the Bornean banded langur and their habitats.

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Tingga, Roberta Chaya Tawie, Jack Liam, Bilhan Deli, Mohd Luqman Anuar, Ahmad Ampeng, and Badrul Munir Md-Zain. "First DNA metabarcoding diet assessment on the critically endangered Tricolour Langur, Presbytis chrysomelas cruciger." Biodiversity Data Journal 12 (July 8, 2024): e124990. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e124990.

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Presbytis chrysomelas cruciger or also known as the Tricolour langur—is rare, endemic to Sarawak and Kalimantan in Borneo and classified as a critically endangered subspecies. The current P. c. cruciger population size is uncertain because the numbers are continuously decreasing. At present, there is no comprehensive scientific report on P. c. cruciger in Sarawak, although this subspecies is known to inhabit Maludam area. Recent first sighting of P. c. cruciger in Jemoreng Sarawak presents a research opportunity to study its feeding from a molecular ecology perspective. Herein, we report the first findings on the dietary intake of P. c. cruciger using a high-throughput DNA metabarcoding approach. We emphasise the diet intake of P. c. cruciger from Jemoreng Protected Forest in Sarawak using DNA metabarcoding of the trnL region. Preliminary findings revealed 11 amplicon sequence variants (ASV) classified into one phylum, four classes, four orders, four families, three genera and three plant species. Fibraurea tinctoria (akar kuning; Family Menispermaceae), Poikilospermum suaveolens (akar jangkang; Family Urticaceae) and Litchi chinensis (lychee; Family Sapindaceae) were the three main plant species that were consumed by P. c. cruciger. Understanding the dietary intake of P. c. cruciger is of paramount importance for their conservation and management of the habitat areas where their population resides.

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Elfaza Faishal Mustafa, Muhammad, and Nyoto Santoso. "KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT DAN POLA AKTIVITAS LANGUR BORNEO (Presbytis chrysomelas cruciger) DI TAMAN NASIONAL DANAU SENTARUM." Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam 17, no. 2 (2020): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2020.17.2.155-172.

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Elfaza Faishal Musyaffa, Muhammad, and Nyoto Santoso. "KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT DAN POLA AKTIVITAS LANGUR BORNEO (Presbytis chrysomelas cruciger) DI TAMAN NASIONAL DANAU SENTARUM." Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam 17, no. 2 (2020): 155–72. https://doi.org/10.59465/jphka.17.2.155-172.

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Langur borneo merupakan satwa primata endemik Kalimantan Barat dan hingga saat ini hanya ditemukan di Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik dan komponen habitat serta pola aktivitas langur borneo dalam memanfaatkan ruang habitat di Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum. Waktu pelaksanaan yaitu pada bulan September sampai Oktober 2019 di Pulau Semujan. Metode analisis vegetasi dan scan sampling digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik habitat dan pola aktivitas langur borneo. Suhu udara rata – rata lokasi penelitian berkisar antara 24,8oC - 30,6oC, kelembaban udara relatif berkisar antara 71,8% - 93,2% dan ketinggian jelajah 30 - 50 mdpl. Buah karet merupakan pakan utama langur borneo. Jenis pohon yang digunakan langur borneo sebagai pohon tidur adalah jenis pohon empakan (Durio kutejensis) dan pohon ara (Ficus spathulifolia). Kelompok langur borneo di Pulau Semujan diperkirakan ada empat kelompok dengan jumlah anggota 10 – 20 individu. Aktivitas tertinggi langur borneo di tiga tipe habitat (hutan dataran rendah, hutan perbukitan dan hutan karet) yaitu vokalisasi dengan persentase berturut – turut 65%, 72% dan 73%. Strata vegetasi C merupakan strata yang paling banyak digunakan untuk beraktivitas oleh langur borneo dengan persentase 78%. Selain Pulau Semujan, Pulau Vega diduga menjadi habitat langur borneo di Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum.

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Santoso, Nyoto, Alfatheya Margwita Diva, Natasya Nurul Fauziah, and Sutopo Sutopo. "Cohabitation Study of Tricolour Langur (Presbytis chrysomelas ssp. cruciger) and Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in Bukit Semujan Danau Sentarum National Park." Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 17, no. 2 (2023): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.v17i2.6442.

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The tricolour langur and proboscis monkey in Bukit Semujan cohabited and utilized the same resources. Cohabitation, mainly due to resource constraints, needed substantial attention to ensure the survival of these primates. This research aimed to map the utilization of canopy strata vertical forest structure and vegetation as food sources and identify the size and overlap of ecological niches for both primates. This research occurred in Danau Sentarurn National Park (DSNP) from July to December 2021. The data collection employed the ad libitum method. The results indicated that cohabitation occurred in the canopy strata vertical forest structure utilization, particularly stratum B and C, and was related to food availability for both primates. The Jaccard Index of the stratum utilization association was 0.6 for swamp forests and 0.8 for hillside forests, while the food plant association was 0.2. In addition, the ecological niche of the tricolour langur overlapped 48% against the proboscis monkey and 34% on the contrary. The tricolour langur's niche size (FT) was 0.32278 ≤ 0.5960 ≥ 0.81253, while the proboscis monkey was 0.20866 ≤ 0.52837 ≥ 0.78529 at 95% confidence interval.

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Santoso, Nyoto, and Sutopo. "PRELIMINARY STUDY: FEEDING ECOLOGY AND DAILY ACTIVITY OF THREE COLORED LANGUR (Presbytis chrysomelas ssp cruciger Thomas, 1892) IN DANAU SENTARUM NATIONAL PARK." BIOTROPIA 30, no. 2 (2023): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb.2023.30.2.1850.

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Three colored langur (Presbytis chrysomelas ssp cruciger Thomas, 1892) is a primate that has been recognized as a critically endangered species in accordance with the International Union for Conservation of Nature, however still not protected and lacks substantial information about the bio-ecology of their natural habitat. The habitat plays a determining factor not only in space utilization but also the daily activities of the three colored langurs (P c cruciger). The aim of this preliminary study is to collect information regarding their habitat characteristic, feed species, daily activity, and canopy stratum utilization. This research was conducted between July and August of 2021 at Bukit Semujan, Lupak Mawang Resort, Danau Sentarum National Park. The method implemented was to collect the habitat characteristic by plot samples, and their daily activity data by scan sampling with consecutive recording. The study demonstrated that langur inhabited both primary as well as mixed forests (swamp, cultivation land, and secondary forest). There were 27 species as feeds of langurs and the most preferred types of feed are Gita susu (Willughbeia coriacea), Merepat (unidentified), and Karet (Hevea brasiliensis). The most preferred feed compositions consisted of leaves (50%), fruits (30%), and seeds (20%). The most frequently utilized stratum for activities was stratum C (70,49%) and B (27.87%). The highest daily activities were categorized into three parts of time, the morning was dominated by social (44,26%), the afternoon was dominated by rest (59,7 7%), and the evening was dominated by social (73,68%). The highest social activities shown by three colored langurs were agonistic (48,48%), followed by vocalization (39,39%), playing (10,61%), exploring (1,52%), and sexual (0%).

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Nur-Aizatul, Tukiman, Abd Rahman Mohd-Ridwan, Mohammad Noor-Faezah, et al. "Seasonal variation in activity budgets of critically endangered Bornean banded langur, Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas in Malaysian Borneo." Biodiversity Data Journal 13 (May 15, 2025). https://doi.org/10.3897/bdj.13.e141783.

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The activity budget of a primate varies in response to environmental and habitat conditions, including seasonality. To elucidate how primates adapt their behavior to the seasonal shift, the activity budget of Bornean banded langurs (Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas) in the Tanjung Datu National Park southwestern of Sarawak and stratum utilization were studied from July 2023 to February 2024. The behavioral data were collected through scan sampling (336 observation hours) of Bornean banded langur groups. Overall, the langurs allocated most of their time to resting (35.4%), feeding (32.3%), moving (16.2%), vocalizing (9.2%), and social activities like grooming and playing (6.9%). The seasonal variation was evident, with increased foraging and social activities during the dry season and a greater allocation of time to locomotion during the wet season. Additionally, the Mann-Whitney U test revealed significant seasonal fluctuation in social activities (grooming and playing, P&lt;0.001), while feeding, moving, and resting remained unaffected (P&gt;0.05). Food availability and distribution may influence the langur activity budget, with increased travel distance during the wet season because of food scarcity. The langurs predominantly use stratum C (21–30 m) to feed, rest, move, and socialize. This study highlights the seasonal ecology of this critically endangered endemic primate and underscores the importance of habitat conservation efforts to ensure the sustainability of their populations amid environmental changes.

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Tingga, Roberta Chaya Tawie, Jack Liam, Bilhan Deli, Mohd Luqman Anuar, Ahmad Ampeng, and Badrul Munir Md-Zain. "First DNA metabarcoding diet assessment on the critically endangered Tricolour Langur, Presbytis chrysomelas cruciger." Biodiversity Data Journal 12 (July 8, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/bdj.12.e124990.

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Presbytis chrysomelas cruciger or also known as the Tricolour langur—is rare, endemic to Sarawak and Kalimantan in Borneo and classified as a critically endangered subspecies. The current P. c. cruciger population size is uncertain because the numbers are continuously decreasing. At present, there is no comprehensive scientific report on P. c. cruciger in Sarawak, although this subspecies is known to inhabit Maludam area. Recent first sighting of P. c. cruciger in Jemoreng Sarawak presents a research opportunity to study its feeding from a molecular ecology perspective. Herein, we report the first findings on the dietary intake of P. c. cruciger using a high-throughput DNA metabarcoding approach. We emphasise the diet intake of P. c. cruciger from Jemoreng Protected Forest in Sarawak using DNA metabarcoding of the trnL region. Preliminary findings revealed 11 amplicon sequence variants (ASV) classified into one phylum, four classes, four orders, four families, three genera and three plant species. Fibraurea tinctoria (akar kuning; Family Menispermaceae), Poikilospermum suaveolens (akar jangkang; Family Urticaceae) and Litchi chinensis (lychee; Family Sapindaceae) were the three main plant species that were consumed by P. c. cruciger. Understanding the dietary intake of P. c. cruciger is of paramount importance for their conservation and management of the habitat areas where their population resides.

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SUTOPO, SUTOPO, NYOTO SANTOSO, ANI MARDIASTUTI, and YENI ARYATI MULYANI. "A first investigation on tricolor langur (Presbytis chrysomelas subsp. cruciger) exhibits significant terrestrial activity in their natural habitat." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 25, no. 8 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250814.

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cruciger) exhibits significant terrestrial activity in their natural habitat. Biodiversitas 24: 3431-3440. Until now, it has only been reported that the tricolor langur (Presbytis chrysomelas subsp. cruciger Thomas 1892) is a semi-terrestrial primate, but there has never been any proof from their natural habitat that they actually engage in ground-level activities. This research aims to investigate terrestrial daily activity and the daily time budget for the tricolor langur. To determine the duration and type of their natural behaviors, observations using camera traps. This research was conducted from July 2022 to June 2023 in the lowland forest around the foot of Semujan Hill, which is part of the Danau Sentarum National Park Area, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results of observations using camera traps showed that the one group langurs engaged in terrestrial activities for 5,830 seconds and arboreal activities in the tree canopy for 15,160 seconds. The percentage of total time recorded by the camera traps indicates that terrestrial activity accounts for only 34% of the total recorded time. The most dominant activities during both terrestrial and arboreal activities were eating and locomotion, with the rest being grooming, resting, and playing. The findings of this research contribute to our understanding of primate behavior, highlight effective methods for observing primates in their natural habitat, especially the Presbytis group and raise awareness among park managers and local communities. It is important that langurs are not disturbed during their terrestrial activities to ensure their continued presence and population growth in the study area.

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Mohd-Azlan, Jayasilan, and Sally S. Kaicheen. "Community structures of mid-sized to large-bodied mammals in tropical lowland and lower montane forests in Gunung Pueh National Park, Western Sarawak, Borneo." Nature Conservation Research 7, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2022.009.

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Habitat types are closely associated with altitude gradients in tropical rainforests and play an essential role in species assemblages where terrain heterogeneity is often used to understand effects of climate change on species distribution. The response of larger mammals to habitat variation along altitudes is largely unexplored in Borneo. This study has utilised camera traps to better understand the community structure of larger mammals in Gunung Pueh National Park. Gunung Pueh National Park (1550 m a.s.l.) contains two major habitat types, which include lowland forests (< 1100 m a.s.l.) and the lower montane (> 1100 m a.s.l.) forests. The spatio-temporal niches of mid-sized to large-bodied mammal species across these altitude gradients and habitats were assessed. Cameras located at 23 locations, along varying altitude gradients, resulted in 3109 trap nights. Using these cameras, the collected recordings have revealed a total of 22 mid-sized to large-bodied mammals, including 19 species recorded in lowland forest areas, and 18 species in the lower montane forest areas; 15 species were found in both habitats. Four species were exclusively detected in the lowland forest, namely Rusa unicolor, Viverra tangalunga, Presbytis chrysomelas, and Hystrix brachyura. Three species were detected only in the lower montane forest, namely Herpestes semitorquatus, Mustela nudipes, and Hemigalus hosei. In the lowland forest, Macaca nemestrina was recorded with the highest naïve occupancy (naïve ψ = 1.00), while Hemigalus derbyanus had the highest naïve occupancy (naïve ψ = 0.93) in the lower montane forest. The temporal diel activity patterns of selected species in the two habitats have shown relatively close similarities, with overlapping patterns ranging between 67–90%. The further conservation of a large area, which encompasses mountainous ranges, is recommended to facilitate the conservation efficacy of such Protected Areas and for supporting diverse, mid-sized to large-bodied mammals in Borneo.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas'

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