Academic literature on the topic 'Prescription stimulant drugs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Prescription stimulant drugs"
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K. Saleh, Shafaq. "Misuse of appetite- stimulant drugs in Babylon#." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512) 21, no. 2 (March 29, 2017): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol21iss2pp31-34.
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Drug misuse is defined as using of drugs for a non-therapeutic or non-medical purpose. In Iraq drug misuse is a major problem because almost any drug can be easily obtained from pharmacies. Appetite- stimulant drugs are example of drugs that are widely used without a prescription. The study included 230 patients who use these drugs in Babylon. A questionnaire included the following questions ; age, sex, marital state, the reason for use the drug , whether the drug is prescribed by physician or not , type of drug used , the frequency of daily dose and lastly the extent of side effects of the drugs used. The results showed that the age range of 35% of subjects were (17-21) years old and 70% of participants were females. The study also showed that 62% of them are unmarried and the reason for use, in 48% of subjects, was to increase the body weight. Furthermore, this study revealed that about 68% of those subjects utilized these drugs without prescription and the steroids are the most drug type used (33%). Additionally, 44% of subjects used these drugs twice daily and 80% of subjects who used steroids developed marked side effects. It can be concluded that there is a misuse of appetite- stimulant drugs in subjects participated in this study and most of these drugs are not used on therapeutic or scientific bases.
Key words : Misuse of drug , appetite-stimulant, dexamethasone.
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Moore, Thomas J., Phillip W. Wirtz, Stefan P. Kruszewski, and G. Caleb Alexander. "Changes in medical use of central nervous system stimulants among US adults, 2013 and 2018: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 11, no. 8 (August 2021): e048528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048528.
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ObjectiveTo assess the 5-year changes in the adult medical use of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants with higher risk of dependence and evaluate the population characteristics of users and their medical and/or neurological conditions.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAnnual US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a stratified random sample of approximately 30 000 persons designed to produce national population estimates. It focuses on reported medical spending, medical services used, health status and prescription medications.ParticipantsAdults age 19 years and older who reported obtaining one or more prescriptions for amphetamine or methylphenidate products during two survey years, 2013 and 2018.Main outcomes measuresPrescriptions obtained, the specific stimulant product and annual treatment days of drug supplied.ResultsIn 2018, an estimated 4.1 million US adults (95% CI 3.4 million to 4.8 million) reported prescriptions for CNS stimulants, having filled a mean of 7.3 (95% CI 6.8 to 7.8) prescriptions with a mean of 226 (95% CI 210 to 242) days’ supply. Compared with 2013, the estimated number of adults reporting using CNS stimulants in 2018 increased by 1.8 million (95% CI 1.0 million to 2.7 million) or 79.8%. Most 2018 adult stimulant users reported taking psychoactive medication for one or more mental, behavioural or neurodevelopment disorders. Overall, 77.8% (95% CI 72.6% to 83.0%) reported some medication for adult attention deficit disorder, 26.8% (95% CI 22.2% to 31.5%) took medication for anxiety, 25.1% (95% CI 19.9% to 30.3%) for depression and 15.3% (95% CI 9.8% to 20.8%) indicated drug treatment for other mental or neurological disorders. Adult CNS stimulant use was higher in females, in younger age cohorts and among individuals of white race/ethnicity.ConclusionsAdult medical use of prescription stimulants increased markedly in 5 years and occurred in a population often reporting multiple mental or neurological disorders. Further action is needed to understand and manage this new resurgence in drugs with high risks of dependence.
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Lankenau, Stephen E., Sheree M. Schrager, Karol Silva, Alex Kecojevic, Jennifer Jackson Bloom, Carolyn Wong, and Ellen Iverson. "Misuse of prescription and illicit drugs among high-risk young adults in Los Angeles and New York." Journal of Public Health Research 1, no. 1 (February 14, 2012): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2012.e6.
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<em>Background</em>. Prescription drug misuse among young adults is increasingly viewed as a public health concern, yet most research has focused on student populations and excluded high-risk groups. Furthermore, research on populations who report recent prescription drug misuse is limited. This study examined patterns of prescription drug misuse among high-risk young adults in Los Angeles (LA) and New York (NY), which represent different local markets for illicit and prescription drugs. <em>Design and Methods.</em> Between 2009 and 2011, 596 young adults (16 to 25 years old) who had misused prescription drugs within the past 90 days were interviewed in Los Angeles and New York. Sampling was stratified to enroll three groups of high-risk young adults: injection drug users (IDUs); homeless persons; and polydrug users. <em>Results</em>. In both sites, lifetime history of receiving a prescription for an opioid, tranquilizer, or stimulant was high and commonly preceded misuse. Moreover, initiation of opioids occurred before heroin and initiation of prescription stimulants happened prior to illicit stimulants. NY participants more frequently misused oxycodone, heroin, and cocaine, and LA participants more frequently misused codeine, marijuana, and methamphetamine. Combining prescription and illicit drugs during drug using events was commonly reported in both sites. Opioids and tranquilizers were used as substitutes for other drugs, e.g., heroin, when these drugs were not available. <em>Conclusion</em>. Patterns of drug use among high-risk young adults in Los Angeles and New York appear to be linked to differences in local markets in each city for illicit drugs and diverted prescription drugs.
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Lasopa, Sonam O., Catherine W. Striley, and Linda B. Cottler. "Diversion of prescription stimulant drugs among 10–18-year-olds." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 28, no. 4 (July 2015): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000172.
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Bidwal, Monica K., Eric J. Ip, Bijal M. Shah, and Melissa J. Serino. "Stress, Drugs, and Alcohol Use Among Health Care Professional Students." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 28, no. 6 (August 14, 2014): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190014544824.
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Objective: To contrast the characteristics of pharmacy, medicine, and physician assistant (PA) students regarding the prevalence of drug, alcohol, and tobacco use and to identify risk factors associated with prescription stimulant use. Participants: Five hundred eighty nine students were recruited to complete a 50-item Web-based survey. Main Outcome Measures: Demographics, nonmedical prescription medication use, illicit drug and alcohol use, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision; DSM-IV-TR) psychiatric diagnoses, and perceived stress scale (PSS) scores. Results: Medicine and PA students reported greater nonmedical prescription stimulant use than pharmacy students (10.4% vs 14.0% vs 6.1%; P < .05). Medicine and PA students were more likely to report a history of an anxiety disorder (12.1% vs 18.6% vs 5.9%; P < .05), major depressive disorder (9.4% vs 8.1% vs 3.3%; P < .05), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; 4.0% vs 9.3% vs 0.7%; P < .001) than pharmacy students. PSS scores for all 3 groups (21.9-22.3) were roughly twice as high as the general adult population. Conclusion: Illicit drug and prescription stimulant use, psychiatric disorders, and elevated stress levels are prevalent among health care professional students. Health care professional programs may wish to use this information to better understand their student population which may lead to a reassessment of student resources and awareness/prevention programs.
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Vaddadi, Sneha M., Nicholas J. Czelatka, Belsy D. Gutierrez, Bhumika C. Maddineni, Kenneth L. McCall, and Brian J. Piper. "Rise, and pronounced regional variation, in methylphenidate, amphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine distribution in the United States." PeerJ 9 (December 21, 2021): e12619. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12619.
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Background The prescription stimulants methylphenidate, amphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are sympathomimetic drugs with therapeutic use. They are designated in the United States as Schedule II substances, defined by the 1970 Controlled Substances Act as having a “high potential for abuse”. Changing criteria for the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in 2013 and the approval of lisdexamfetamine for binge eating disorder in 2015 may have impacted usage patterns. This report compared the pharmacoepidemiology of these stimulants in the United States from 2010–2017. Methods Distribution of amphetamine, methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine were examined via weights extracted from the Drug Enforcement Administration’s (DEA) Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System (ARCOS). Median stimulant Daily Dosage per patient was determined for a regional analysis. The percent of cost and prescriptions attributable to each stimulant and atomoxetine in Medicaid from the “Drug Utilization 2018 - National Total” from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid was determined. Results There was a rise in amphetamine (+67.5%) and lisdexamfetamine (+76.7%) from 2010–2017. The change in methylphenidate (−3.0%) was modest. Persons/day stimulant usage was lower in the West than in other US regions from 2014-2017. There was a negative correlation (r(48) = −0.43 to −0.65, p < .05) between the percent Hispanic population per state and the Daily Dosage/population per stimulant. Methylphenidate formulations accounted for over half (51.7%) of the $3.8 billion reimbursed by Medicaid and the plurality (45.4%) of the 22.0 million prescriptions. Amphetamine was responsible for less than one-fifth (18.4%) of cost but one-third of prescriptions (33.6%). Lisdexamfetamine’s cost (26.0%) exceeded prescriptions (16.3%). Conclusion The rising amphetamine and lisdexamfetamine distribution may correspond with a rise in adult ADHD diagnoses. Regional analysis indicates that stimulant distribution in the West may be distinct from that in other regions. The lower stimulant distribution in areas with greater Hispanic populations may warrant further study.
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Hupli, Aleksi. "Cognitive enhancement with licit and illicit stimulants in the Netherlands and Finland: what is the evidence?" Drugs and Alcohol Today 20, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-07-2019-0028.
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Purpose European studies have shown lower prevalence rates of prescription stimulant use for cognitive enhancement, especially among student populations, compared to North America. This difference requires more cross-country research of the various factors involved. To find out whether other parts of the globe are witnessing similar increases in extra-medical stimulant use, and how this might relate to cognitive enhancement, requires empirical study of local contexts. This paper aims to argue that the academic and public discussion on cognitive enhancement should consider the specific country context of drug policy and research and rethink which drugs are included under the term cognitive enhancement drugs. Design/methodology/approach This paper offers a general review and a sociological country comparison between the Netherlands and Finland, focusing not only on prescription stimulants used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder but also illicit amphetamines among young adults and methylphenidate use among Dutch and Finnish participants of the Global Drug Survey. This paper emphasises sociocultural perspectives and the importance of context in cognitive enhancement in general as the line between therapeutic and enhancement use can often be blurred. Data is drawn from global, European and national sources, including the International Narcotics Control Board, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and Global Drug Survey. Findings There are hardly any national empirical studies done on cognitive enhancement drug use in Finland. On the other hand, there have been studies in the Netherlands showcasing that the use of prescription stimulants and other drugs for enhancement purposes is something that is happening among young people, albeit yet in a relatively small scale. Illicit and licit stimulant use and drug policy action in relation to cognitive enhancement drugs in the two countries varies, emphasising the importance of country context. Originality/value Given that cross-country research is scarce, this general review provides one of the first glimpses into cognitive enhancement drug use by comparing the country context and research in Finland, where the phenomenon has not been studied, with the Netherlands, where the topic has received more research and public attention. Further research areas are suggested.
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Pate, Margaret C., and Riane M. Bolin. "Examining the Relationship Between Strain and the Use of Nonmedical Prescription Drugs Among College Students." Journal of Drug Issues 49, no. 1 (November 18, 2018): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042618812398.
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The study of nonmedical prescription drug use (NMPDU) on college campuses is of importance, as college students tend to engage in NMPDU more often than their same-age peers not attending college. Typical correlates of NMPDU include need for alertness, perception of peer use, desire to get high, and use of other drugs including alcohol and marijuana. Few studies have explored the relationship between strain, depression, and NMPDU among college students. Using general strain theory as the theoretical framework, the current study aims to add to the literature on NMPDU by exploring the role that strain and depression play in the prevalence of nonmedical prescription stimulant, tranquilizer/sedative, and pain reliever use at a midsized university. Results support the relationship proposed by strain theorists for both nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers and tranquilizers/sedatives, but not stimulants. Policy implications and future areas of research are discussed.
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Outhoff, Kim. "Cognitive enhancement: a brief overview." South African Family Practice 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v58i1.4436.
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Cognitive enhancement involves the non-medical use of illicit and/or prescription drugs, such as agents prescribed for attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, usually in order to stay awake and to counteract fatigue and loss of concentration, generally in the context of high workload and stress. Growing interest in taking prescription stimulant drugs for non-licensed purposes to improve academic, work and sporting performance has raised medical, ethical and regulatory issues.
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Ain Mehfooz, Qurrat ul, Qasim Saleem, Khursheed Anwer, and Hamid Mahmood. "Comparison of non -Prescribed use of Tranquilizer with Stimulants Drugs among Medical Students." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 3381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115123381.
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Objective: The goal of this study to look at the patterns of drug use among medical students. Methodology: All medical students enrolled in the Bakhtawer Amin Medical & Dental College Multan, from first to fifth year were included in this study. The sample size was calculated using a single population proportion formula. The sample consisted of 200 students drawn from various batches and chosen using a stratified random selection procedure Results: The total study participants were 200 medical students of different years in which 139(70%) were males and 61(30%) were females. The participants having age range 18-25 years and maximum number of students were fall in age group 21-25 [117(58.5%)]. The results of the study showed that 76% used tranquilizer and 68% of the students used Stimulants without prescription as p-value 0.004 showing statistical significant difference in the use of both types of drugs. Student used tranquilizer and stimulants once a month as 32% vs 37% with significant p-value 0.034. Conclusion: The fourth-year students had the highest rate of drug usage. During the evaluation, the majority of students were drug users; there was no sign of physical dependency. The topic of non-prescribed drug usage among medical students is examined in this study. More research is needed to investigate national trends of drug addiction among medical students, as well as to find and reinforce protective variables. Supporting children with a non-prescription usage necessitates the development of strategies. Keywords:Nonmedical prescription drug use; Nonmedical prescription stimulant use; Nonmedical prescription tranquilizer use; Trends.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prescription stimulant drugs"
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Joshi, Paliza. "Use of cognitive enhancing substances by University students: a cross-sectional study." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/361.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of use of cognitive enhancing substances (such as caffeine containing products and beverages and prescription stimulant drugs) amongst students at Curtin University. Further, to determine the potential for adverse effects from their use.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving students attending the Curtin University. A sample of students was randomly selected and students were presented with an information sheet explaining the purpose and design of the study as well as their role in the study. Once they gave verbal consent to participate, they were requested to complete a questionnaire. All the completed questionnaires were entered into a dataset on a computer using the SPSS software, and analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS version 17 and SAS statistical software packages for Microsoft Windows. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages or means and standard deviations. The cross-tabulation, chi-square statistic and ANOVA were used to assess the statistical significance of difference.The survey included questions regarding demographics, caffeine (consumption, reasons for use, side effects following its consumption) and prescription stimulants (use, reason for use and side effects following consumption). Further, data was collected on the perceived effectiveness of the cognitive enhancing substances by students and their level of caffeine consumption.Results: The final dataset included 526 students out of which 94.5% of surveyed students reported that they drank caffeine containing beverages. Tea and coffee were found to be the most common sources of caffeine followed by soft drinks and energy drinks. The average daily caffeine intake was estimated to be 3.0mg/Kg/day on normal days and 3.8mg/Kg/day on exam days. Females were found to consume slightly more caffeine than males. Also, there was higher caffeine intake by smokers than non-smokers.Regarding energy drinks, a greater percentage of males than females were found to consume energy drinks. The students studying health related courses were less likely than those from other faculties to consume energy drinks. Similarly, there was significant association between the smoking status and energy drinks consumption.The most frequent adverse effects experienced by students were jolt and crash followed by insomnia, and headache following caffeine intake. Moreover, more students experienced side effects following high doses of caffeine as compared to moderate and low doses. The most common self-reported reasons for consuming caffeine containing products were: to boost their energy and while studying for exams or completing major projects, and to counteract lack of sleep.Of all the respondents only 4% (n=21) reported that they used prescription stimulants (other than caffeine). Approximately 3% used stimulants together with caffeine on both normal and exam days. The prevalence of taking prescription stimulants was higher in students consuming higher doses of caffeine. The most common reported reasons for use were to improve concentration and to get high (equal percentage of 66.7% students). Most of the students stated that they experienced insomnia after the prescription stimulants intake. They also reported experiencing jolt and crash. Most of the students perceived that cognitive enhancing substances are effective in improving their energy levels.Conclusion: A substantial proportion of students in this sample were found to consume caffeine containing products. The study demonstrated that cognitive enhancing substance use was increased around times of academic stress. The students taking high doses were at higher risk to side effects. As a greater proportion of students consumed high doses of caffeine during exam period, more were at risk of adverse effects. Only a small percentage of students reported use of other stimulants, but importantly, this was more common amongst high consumers of caffeine. Further studies at other universities are required to confirm the findings of this study.
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Rosansky, Joseph A. Sr. "Lifelong Abstainers' Self-Reported Reasons For Abstinence From Prescription Versus Non-Prescription Stimulants And Depressants." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1526489073375016.
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Pennington, Cody W. "The Academic Steroid: Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants at a North Texas University." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699893/.
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The goal of this study was to determine the extent, motivations, and justifications of nonmedical prescription stimulant use among the population at a large public university in the North Texas region. Participants consisted of 526 undergraduate students enrolled at the studied university during the spring and summer 2014 semesters. The findings of the study suggest that the nonmedical use by students was higher than the findings in much of the current literature, but was within the parameters established in the literature. The primary motivation for nonmedical use was academic in nature and was justified by moderation of nonmedical use to strategic academic times.
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Haak, Eric A. "RISK FACTORS FOR ABUSE OF PRESCRIPTION STIMULANTS IN COLLEGE STUDENTS: A DISSERTATION." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/123.
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The abuse of prescription stimulants among college students is a growing public health concern. While these substances are often viewed as safe, “smart drugs”, they are associated with a number of maladaptive outcomes, ranging from poorer academic performance to cardiovascular incidents and even death. To date, the majority of research on the abuse of these substances have focused on demographic factors which are not amenable to intervention, such as race, Greek organization status, and class rank. The current study examined family factors, academic stress, and impulsivity as potential risk factors which are amenable to intervention. In a sample of 335 undergraduate students, no associations were found between family variables and prescription stimulant abuse or academic stress and prescription stimulant abuse. Inconsistent support was found for an association between impulsivity and prescription stimulant abuse.
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Gallagher, Lisa A. "College Students' Perceptions of Prescription and Non-Prescription Drug Use." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier152811430792606.
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Sevak, Rajkumar J., Kelly N. Foster, Arsham Alamian, Robert P. Pack, and Nicholas E. Hagemeier. "Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants among Community College Students in Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1391.
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Purpose: Nonmedical use of stimulant medications (NMUS) among college students is an important and growing problem. The annual prevalence of NMUS among four-year college students has nearly doubled since 2008 and exceeds NMUS in non-college peers. Community college students are an understudied population regarding NMUS. Given noted NMUS differences in 4-year students and non-college peers, one cannot assume community college students’ cognitions, perceptions, and behaviors mirror either peer cohort. We conducted a web-based survey across 10 community colleges in Tennessee (TN) to assess correlates and consequences of NMUS.
Methods: We developed an initial version of the 60-item survey questionnaire using previously validated, theoretically based survey items and other items developed by the research team. The survey instrument was then reviewed and assessed for content validity by our research team, and thereafter pilot tested with East Tennessee State University undergraduate students for range measures, item order, and best practices for survey construction. The final 55-item survey instrument was designed using web-based survey software (i.e., Qualtrics). Ten of 13 community colleges in TN granted approval for their students to participate in the study (N=53096). A modified Tailored Design Method approach was utilized to maximize response rate across four email contacts, and monetary incentives were offered to encourage participation in the study. Regulatory authorities (e.g., institutional review boards, institutional offices) from East Tennessee State University and participating community colleges approved the conduct of this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22). Descriptive statistics were calculated to evaluate prevalence, source, motives and consequences of NMUS. Student’s t-tests and chi-square tests were conducted to compare nonmedical stimulant users and nonusers across a number of variables. Results were considered significant for p < 0.05. Results: A total of 3113 students completed the survey (response-rate = 5.8%), of which 302 (9.7%) were past-year nonmedical stimulant users. A significantly greater proportion of users were diagnosed with a mental health condition (22.2%) than non-users (9.6%). Compared to non-users, significantly greater proportions of users reported using tobacco products, such as cigarettes (34.5% vs. 14%), e-cigarettes (12.5% vs. 4%), and vapors (18.4% vs. 6.7%). Users further reported using more types of illicit drugs (1.9 ± 0.1), more alcoholic drinks per week (2.9±0.3), and more occasions of binge drinking per month (1.8±0.2) than non-users (1.1±0.02, 1.3±0.07, 0.7±0.04, respectively).
Only 14.2% of users (n=43 from 302) reported having prescriptions for prescription stimulants. Common sources of prescription stimulants were friends (62.9%), family members (12.3%), and street suppliers (9.9%). Commonly endorsed reasons for NMUS were ‘to improve academic performance’ (63.9%), ‘to have more energy’ (49.7 %), ‘to relieve tension’ (22.2%), and ‘to feel good or get high’ (16.6 %). Adverse effects resulting from NMUS included: lack of appetite (45.4%), difficulty sleeping (38.4 %), and racing heart (31.1%). Unlike the published findings from 4-year college students, low GPA, male gender, Caucasian race and membership in fraternity organizations were not associated with NMUS in community colleges.
Conclusion: The present study provides useful information on characteristics of users and patterns and consequences of NMUS in community colleges students. NMUS appears to be associated with illicit substance use, binge drinking and disrupted mental health in community college students in TN. Friends are the most common source and desire to enhance academic performance is the most salient motive for NMUS. Despite facing adverse consequences, college students continued using stimulants nonmedically. These findings underscore the need for development of public health programs that target prevention of NMUS in community colleges.
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Lieb, Roselind, Hildegard Pfister, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Use, Abuse and Dependence of Prescription Drugs in Adolescents and Young Adults." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-99916.
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Lifetime prevalence estimates of psychotropic medicine use as well as prevalence of DSM-IV prescription drug use disorders from the baseline investigation of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) Study are presented. Use of prescription medication at some time in their life was reported by 27.4% of the respondents. Illicit use of prescription drugs, which means an intake without medical legitimation, was reported by 4.5% of the sample. The findings suggest that abuse of and dependence on prescription drugs, with most cases reporting polysubstance use, is quite rare in the 14- to 24-year-olds. DSM-IV abuse was more prevalent than dependence (0.5 vs. 0.3%). In general, women reported higher prevalence rates of prescription drug use, whereas men reported higher prevalence rates of prescription drug disorders. This result suggests that men have a higher risk to develop a substance-use-related disorder.
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Lieb, Roselind, Hildegard Pfister, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Use, Abuse and Dependence of Prescription Drugs in Adolescents and Young Adults." Karger, 1998. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26268.
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Lifetime prevalence estimates of psychotropic medicine use as well as prevalence of DSM-IV prescription drug use disorders from the baseline investigation of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) Study are presented. Use of prescription medication at some time in their life was reported by 27.4% of the respondents. Illicit use of prescription drugs, which means an intake without medical legitimation, was reported by 4.5% of the sample. The findings suggest that abuse of and dependence on prescription drugs, with most cases reporting polysubstance use, is quite rare in the 14- to 24-year-olds. DSM-IV abuse was more prevalent than dependence (0.5 vs. 0.3%). In general, women reported higher prevalence rates of prescription drug use, whereas men reported higher prevalence rates of prescription drug disorders. This result suggests that men have a higher risk to develop a substance-use-related disorder.
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Sevak, Rajkumar J., Kelly N. Foster, Arsham A. Alamian, Robert P. Pack, and Nick Hagemeier. "An Assessment of Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants Among Tennessee Community College Students Using the Theory of Planned Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1359.
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Jeffers, Amy J. "NON-MEDICAL USE OF PRESCRIPTION STIMULANTS FOR WEIGHT LOSS: PREDICTORS, CONSEQUENCES, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION IN A NATIONAL YOUNG ADULT SAMPLE." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4577.
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The non-medical use of prescription drugs is an important public health concern. Non-medical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS), specifically medications used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is particularly concerning. One timely concern regarding NMUPS, especially among young adults, is their role in appetite suppression/weight loss. Indeed, some individuals are motivated to misuse such drugs for the purpose of losing weight. Engaging in NMUPS for weight loss has been examined only minimally in the research literature. However, extant data demonstrate that this behavior is associated with other unhealthy behaviors and poor psychosocial health. Limitations of prior research include the exclusive use of college student samples and little attention to relevant health behavior theory. The current study investigated NMUPS for weight loss in a national, young adult sample (n = 1526), ages 18-25 years, utilizing Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Motivations and attitudes about NMUPS were evaluated, within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A structural equation model (SEM) was analyzed, which included attitudes; social norms; and perceived behavioral control (PBC) to lose weight without stimulants, as predictors of engaging in past year NMUPS for weight loss. Approximately 12.0% of participants reported lifetime NMUPS for weight loss, and of these, 48.4% reported past year use. Findings demonstrate that use is related to disordered eating and unhealthy weight loss behaviors, including vomiting; high rates of other substance use; and psychological concerns, including body dissatisfaction and depressive symptomatology. These results suggest that NMUPS for weight loss is associated with a variety of negative consequences and users are not well-informed regarding medication knowledge. The SEM provided adequate overall fit to the data; two of the four social norms and both PBC factors were significantly associated with NMUPS for weight loss. This study extends the literature on the utility of the TPB in examining NMUPS, and provides the first research on utilizing the TPB to examine NMUPS for weight loss. Methods aimed at increasing PBC regarding stimulant use and weight loss, and emphasizing healthful and sustaining weight loss strategies, improving mental health, and educating about polysubstance use are potential intervention targets.
Books on the topic "Prescription stimulant drugs"
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Drug information for teens: Health tips about the physical and mental effects of substance abuse including information about alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, prescription and over-the-counter drugs, club drugs, hallucinogens, stimulants, opiates, steroids, and more. 3rd ed. Detroit: Omnigraphics, 2011.
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Rastegar, Darius, and Michael I. Fingerhood, eds. ASAM Handbook of Addiction Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197506172.001.0001.
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This book is a concise, evidence-based guide to the treatment of individuals with substance use disorders. It is an update to the 2015 edition and is targeted to nonspecialist clinicians who want to better care for their patients with substance use disorders. It begins with chapters on screening and brief intervention and an overview of treatment. This is followed by substance-specific chapters covering the following topics: alcohol, sedatives, opioids, nicotine, stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabinoids, inhalants, anabolic steroids, and prescription drugs. Substance-specific chapters cover pharmacology, acute effects and intoxication, withdrawal, medical complications, and treatment. The handbook concludes with chapters on the medical care of patients with substance use disorders, psychiatric co-occurring disorders, special populations, and ethical/legal considerations. Chapters include practical tools and treatment protocols that can be used in outpatient and inpatient settings. The book contains numerous references, many of which are annotated.
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Hapilum, B. All I Need Is a Little Bit of Coffee and a Whole Lot of Freedom from Prescription Drug Addiction: The Opioid, Stimulant, Ambien and Benzodiazepine Addiction Recovery Workbook. Independently Published, 2019.
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Modir, Shahla, and George Munoz, eds. Integrative Addiction and Recovery. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.001.0001.
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Integrative Addiction and Recovery is a book discussing the epidemic of addiction that is consuming our friends, family, and community nationwide. In 2016, there were 64,000 drug overdoses, and addiction became the top cause of accidental death in America in 2015. We are in a crisis and in need of a robust and integrated solution. We begin with the definition of addiction, neurobiology of addiction, and the epidemiology of varying substances of abuse and treatment guidelines. Section II reviews different types of addiction such as food, alcohol, sedative-hypnotics, cannabis, stimulants (such as cocaine and methamphetamine), opiates (including prescription and illicit opiates), and tobacco, and evidence-based approaches for their treatment using psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, as well as holistic treatments including acupuncture, nutraceuticals, exercise, yoga, and meditation. We also have chapters on behavioral addictions and hallucinogens. Section III reviews co-occurring disorders and their evidence-based integrative treatment and also overviews the holistic therapeutic techniques such as acupuncture and TCM, Ayurveda, homeopathy, nutrition, nutraceuticals, art and aroma therapy, and equine therapy as tools for recovery. We have unique chapters on shamanism and ibogaine, as well as spirituality and group support (12 steps included). The final section deals with challenges facing recovery such as trauma, acute/chronic pain, and post acute withdrawal. Integrative Addiction and Recovery is an innovative and progressive textbook, navigating this complex disease with the most comprehensive approach.
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Karen, Bellenir, ed. Drug abuse sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about illicit substances of abuse and the diversion of prescription medications, including depressants, hallucinogens, inhalants, marijuana, narcotics, stimulants, and anabolic steroids : along with facts about related health risks, treatment issues, and substance abuse prevention programs, a glossary of terms, statistical data, and directories of hotline services, self-help groups, and organizations able to provide further information. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Prescription stimulant drugs"
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Dunn, Matthew, and Cynthia Forlini. "The non-medical uses of prescription stimulants in the Australian context." In Human Enhancement Drugs, 156–69. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315148328-12.
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Stein, Michael D., and Sandro Galea. "Three Notes on the Opioid Crisis." In Pained, 135–38. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510384.003.0039.
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This chapter focuses on the opioid crisis. There has been substantial attention devoted—appropriately—to this issue. However, there are three areas that receive far less attention than they should. First, while opioids have attracted most of the headlines, two other drugs are being misused in America at newly alarming rates, their rise paralleling that of opioids. These are cocaine and its prescription-based stimulant cousins, such as Adderall and Ritalin. Then there is the issue of who is affected by opioids. This opioid crisis has presented countless news stories about the toll on white, middle-class, suburban, and rural users. While there have indeed been dramatic increases in opioid deaths in these groups, the opioid-related deaths of black Americans have doubled in the past 15 years. Thus, people must remind themselves that this is not just a white epidemic. Finally, because access to treatment for opioid addiction remains fragile, with national treatment rates low, people should keep in mind that Medicaid remains a key source of coverage for many people who use drugs. As Americans shore up a treatment system for opioid, cocaine, and stimulant misuse that has been woefully inadequate, threats to Medicaid’s structure and funding need ongoing attention, or the consequences of drug use will continue to grow.
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Rastegar, Darius A. "Prescription Drugs." In ASAM Handbook of Addiction Medicine, 293–312. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197506172.003.0013.
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A variety of prescription and over-the-counter drugs are used for purposes other than intended. Approximately 2% of Americans report current nonmedical use of a prescription drug. Opioids are the class most commonly used for purposes other than intended. Other drugs include sedatives (primarily benzodiazepines); stimulants; and a variety of agents, including clonidine, muscle relaxants, tricyclic antidepressants, bupropion, antiemetics, gabapentinoids, and atypical antipsychotics. Over-the-counter drugs associated with nonmedical use include dextromethorphan, loperamide, and antihistamines. The most prominent risk factor for nonmedical use is a history of a substance use disorder. A number of aberrant behaviors are indicative of nonmedical use. Screening instruments may help gauge risk. The most serious complication is overdose, particularly opioid overdose. Strategies to address nonmedical prescription drug use include limiting the prescribing of controlled substances, monitoring patients who are prescribed these medications, and providing treatment for those who have a substance use disorder.
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Sithisarn, Thitinart, and Henrietta S. Bada. "Prenatal Drug Exposure: Childhood Behavior and Cognitive Functioning." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0069.
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Based on the estimates of the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 9.5% of women of child-bearing age (ages 15–44 years)—almost six million—use illicit drugs annually (SAMHSA 2007). A lower proportion of use is estimated among pregnant women (5.2%), but this rate is high enough to make illicit drug use during pregnancy a major public health concern. However, among 15- to 17-year-olds, the rate of illicit drug use during pregnancy is 22.6%, higher than the rate of use (13.3%) in those not pregnant in same age range (SAMHSA 2007). The commonly used illicit substances by women of child-bearing age include marijuana and hashish, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, and psychotherapeutic agents including pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives. Of interest is the increasing nonmedical use of prescription medications; rate of use of pain relievers among women of child-bearing age is 2.6%, higher than the reported rates of cocaine (1.0%) and heroin (0.1%) use. The use of hallucinogens and inhalants is more common among teens (SAMHSA 2007). The rates and types of substance used vary among different sociodemographic characteristics such as marital status, level of education, employment status, method of hospital payment, and ethnicity (NIH 1996). In 2006–2007, the annual rate of drug use during pregnancy was highest among non-Hispanic white women (6.2%), slightly higher than in the non- Hispanic African American women (5.7%). An earlier survey on drug use during pregnancy found that the rate of cocaine use was highest among African Americans (4.5%) and in the those older than 25 years of age, whereas the younger age group had the highest rate of marijuana use (3.5%) (NIH 1996). In utero exposure to illicit substances may be associated with adverse effects on the developing brain through various mechanisms, with resultant physical and or cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. This chapter focuses on cognitive and behavioral outcomes in childhood and adolescence following prenatal illicit drug exposure. However, it is essential to realize that most women who use drugs are polydrug users; that is, they also use tobacco and/or alcohol, or a combination of other illicit drugs.
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Cottler, Linda B., and Chukwuemeka N. Okafor. "Recent Epidemiological Trends in Marijuana Use." In Contemporary Health Issues on Marijuana, 14–38. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190263072.003.0002.
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This chapter provides a description of recent epidemiologic trends in marijuana use among U.S. adolescents and adults. Data from large national surveys conducted in the United States on rates of marijuana use have documented various trends in marijuana use. Specifically, the chapter discusses results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, Monitoring the Future, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, and the National Monitoring of Adolescent Prescription Stimulant Study. These surveys show that the prevalence of marijuana use has increased for some subgroups in recent years, but rates of cannabis abuse or dependence among adolescents and adults examined have remained relatively steady.
Conference papers on the topic "Prescription stimulant drugs"
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"PV-087 - PERSONALITY DISORDER AND MODAFINIL DEPENDENCE – A CASE REPORT." In 24 CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA DUAL. SEPD, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/abstractbooksepd2022.pv087.
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Introduction: Comorbidity of personality and substance use disorders, including prescription drug abuse, is common in clinical practice. We present a case report of a patient with a diagnosis of a personality disorder and symptoms of modafinil dependence. Case report: 33-year-old male, single, unemployed for over 3 years. He started psychological treatment at the age of 17 due to anxiety symptoms. Since the age of 21 he had irregular consultations with several psychiatrists in private practice. He received several diagnoses, including anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and personality disorder. In one of the consultations, modafinil 100mg was prescribed twice daily to alleviate depressive symptoms. The patient gradually increased the dose to up to 1000mg a day. He presented for a consultation in our psychiatric hospital claiming he had been trying to reduce the dose of the drug. He had a fast speech and showed aggressive behavior, reported intrusive suicidal and homicidal thoughts, and had recent episodes of aggressive behavior requiring police intervention. Hospitalization was proposed for discontinuation of the psychostimulant medication. Discussion and conclusions: Modafinil is a central nervous system stimulant, pharmacologically different from other stimulants. It is approved in Portugal for the treatment of excessive somnolence associated with narcolepsy. However, it is often used off label in several countries as an adjunctive treatment for symptoms of depression or fatigue associated with cancer or neurologic diseases. Although modafinil is typically associated with low abuse potential, case reports have been presented in the literature describing patterns of abuse and dependence of this drug. It is important that clinicians prescribe it with caution, bearing in mind patients' past consumption patterns and traits and that may increase the risk of abuse, such as high novelty seeking and reward sensitivity and low agreeableness and conscientiousness.