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Wanigarathna, Nadeeshani. "Evidence-based design for healthcare buildings in England and Wales." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16161.
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A substantial amount of credible evidence shows that properly designed healthcare built environments can positively impact upon the health outcomes of the building users. This offers an opportunity to improve the quality of healthcare through appropriately designed healthcare built environments. Evidence-based design (EBD) emerged within healthcare building design practice to enhance the process of designing with credible evidence. This research explored improvement opportunities for EBD in the UK which would subsequently improve the quality of healthcare through built environment interventions. Specifically, three key research gaps were addressed during this research. Firstly, this research explored current practices of evidence use during healthcare designing and opportunities to increase the direct use of research-based evidence and alternative ways of conveying research-based evidence into the design process through other source of generic evidence for design. Secondly, this research explored how evidence could be effectively expressed within healthcare design standards, guidance and tools (SGaTs) in the forms of performance and prescriptive specifications. Finally, considering the unique nature of built environment design, this research explored how project unique contextual circumstances impact EBD processes and how practitioners reflect on these circumstances. These challenges were then transformed into six objectives. Following a comprehensive literature review, this research was divided into four phases. First, a model of the sources and flows of evidence (SaFE) was developed to represent evidence for EBD within generic evidence for design. The initial conceptual model was developed through desk study, based on the literature review, self-experience and the experience. This model was then verified with the comments from five un-structured interviews conducted with lecturers and senior lecturers of the School of Civil and Building Engineering. Finally, the model was validated using 12 semi-structured interviews conducted with design practitioners from the industry. In addition to the validating the sources and flows of evidence these interviews revealed rationales behind design practitioners use of evidence from four types of evidence sources. These results revealed improvement opportunities to increase the intake of research-based evidence use during healthcare built environments designing. The main data collection method for this research was case studies. Eight exemplar design elements within three case studies were investigated to explore details of evidence use practices; practices of using performance and prescriptive specifications; and impact of project unique contextual circumstances for EBD process and how design practitioners reflect on these circumstances. Results of this research revealed that EBD needs to be supported by both externally published research evidence and through internally generated evidence. It was also identified that EBD could be significantly facilitated through research- evidence informed other generic design evidence sources. Healthcare design SGaTs provides a promising prospect to facilitate EBD. Performance specification driven healthcare design SGaTs supplemented by prescriptive specifications to define design outputs and design inputs could improve effective use of evidence-informed SGaTs. These results were incorporated into a framework to guide development of healthcare design SGaTs. Finally, by exploring how projects unique contextual circumstances impact EBD processes and how practitioners reflect on these circumstances, this research identified the need for procedural guidance for designers to guide evidence acquisition, evidence application and new evidence generation.
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Mokarem, David W. "Development of Concrete Shrinkage Performance Specifications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27605.
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During its service life, concrete experiences volume changes. One of the types of deformation experienced by concrete is shrinkage. The four main types of shrinkage associated with concrete are plastic, autogeneous, carbonation and drying shrinkage. The volume changes in concrete due to shrinkage can lead to the cracking of the concrete. In the case of reinforced concrete, the cracking may produce a direct path for chloride ions to reach the reinforcing steel. Once chloride ions reach the steel surface, the steel will corrode, which itself can cause cracking, spalling, and delamination of the concrete.
The development of concrete shrinkage performance specifications that limit the amount of drying shrinkage for concrete mixtures typically used by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) were assessed. Five existing shrinkage prediction models were also assessed to determine the accuracy and precision of each model as it pertains to the VDOT mixtures used in this study. The five models assessed were the ACI 209 Code Model, Bazant B3 Model, CEB90 Code Model, Gardner/Lockman Model, and the Sakata Model.
The percentage length change limits for the portland cement concrete mixtures were 0.0300 at 28 days, and 0.0400 at 90 days. For the supplemental cementitious material mixtures, the percentage length change limits were 0.0400 at 28 days, and 0.0500 at 90 days. The CEB90 Code model performed best for the portland cement concrete mixtures, while the Gardner/Lockman Model performed best for the supplemental cementitious material mixtures.Ph. D.
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Mokarem, David Wayne. "Development of Concrete Shrinkage Performance Specifications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27605.
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During its service life, concrete experiences volume changes. One of the types of deformation experienced by concrete is shrinkage. The four main types of shrinkage associated with concrete are plastic, autogeneous, carbonation and drying shrinkage. The volume changes in concrete due to shrinkage can lead to the cracking of the concrete. In the case of reinforced concrete, the cracking may produce a direct path for chloride ions to reach the reinforcing steel. Once chloride ions reach the steel surface, the steel will corrode, which itself can cause cracking, spalling, and delamination of the concrete.
The development of concrete shrinkage performance specifications that limit the amount of drying shrinkage for concrete mixtures typically used by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) were assessed. Five existing shrinkage prediction models were also assessed to determine the accuracy and precision of each model as it pertains to the VDOT mixtures used in this study. The five models assessed were the ACI 209 Code Model, Bazant B3 Model, CEB90 Code Model, Gardner/Lockman Model, and the Sakata Model.
The percentage length change limits for the portland cement concrete mixtures were 0.0300 at 28 days, and 0.0400 at 90 days. For the supplemental cementitious material mixtures, the percentage length change limits were 0.0400 at 28 days, and 0.0500 at 90 days. The CEB90 Code model performed best for the portland cement concrete mixtures, while the Gardner/Lockman Model performed best for the supplemental cementitious material mixtures.Ph. D.
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Groenda, Henning [Verfasser]. "Certifying Software Component Performance Specifications / Henning Groenda." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2013. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.
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Koziolek, Heiko. "Parameter dependencies for reusable performance specifications of software components." Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2008. http://d-nb.info/99118050X/04.
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Kudo, Yosuke. "PERFORMANCE-BASED SPECIFICATIONS FOR AESTHETICS INHERENT IN HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES." Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/152023.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・論文博士
博士(農学)
乙第12592号
論農博第2757号
新制||農||995(附属図書館)
学位論文||H23||N4641(農学部図書室)
29081
京都大学農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 村上 章, 教授 河地 利彦, 教授 森本 幸裕
学位規則第４条第２項該当
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Prada, Julian Ignacio. "Development of high performance concrete for prestressed bridges." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19487.
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Patel, Bhagirath. "Model reference adaptive control system using frequency domain performance specifications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0023/MQ52071.pdf.
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Wang, Diyu. "From credible scenario specifications and prototypes to higher-performance systems." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430191.
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Villiers, Claude. "Sensitivity of superpave mixtures for development of performance-related specifications." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007060.
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Lim, Dongwon. "Synthesis of PID controller from empirical data and guaranteeing performance specifications." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2773.
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Armstrong, Alison Jean. "Development of a prescriptive model for the evaluation of high performance sport centres in Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5369.
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Stenbeck, Torbjörn. "Promoting Innovation in Transportation Infrastructure Maintenance : Incentives Contracting and Performance Based Specifications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad (byte av engelskt namn 20110630), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4311.
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Knowledge of what action that is needed to drive innovation at a desired speed is in demand in civil engineering and its related maintenance. 1. What measures to stimulate innovation have been tested? 2. How much innovation has been achieved by contracting? 3. How much innovation was achieved by performance-based specifications? 4. How can cost models contribute to innovation? Methods include qualitative and quantitative methods that have been timed and mixed to optimize their merits. Sweden, France, USA and Canada have used as research ground. Technology transfer, multi-criteria evaluation, variant bidding, idea mailbox, weatherregulated payment, contests and earmarked funds for innovative projects were some of the method beside and within contracting and performance-based specifications that have been tested. Contracting as such has cut costs in Sweden but not in North America. Neither Sweden nor North America has noticed any increase of innovation, rather the contrary. The savings have primarily been achieved by cuts on staff and by using standardized, less expensive and less advanced machinery. Contracted highway maintenance provinces in Canada and Sweden on average had about 50 % higher costs than inhouse provinces and Washington State. The difference is reduced to 26 %, when corrected by weather and the higher traffic in the contracted provinces. Prestige, politics and competitivity made it difficult to extract economic data from private contractors, and even from the public owners and may explain the contradictory results in previous studies. The internally driven innovation appears small and incentives to innovation weak in inhouse systems, but contrary to expectation even less in contracted systems. Performance-based specifications (PBS), such as Design-Build (DB), have reduced delivery times and kept the budget better than traditional contracts, but quality, lifecycle cost and technical progress was rarely analyzed and even less confirmed in the literature, why a multiple case study was carried out. The result was that three out of four PBS cases delivered lower quality in the long run or showed higher costs already on the opening day, when compared to a traditional contract alternative. Cost models contribute to innovation by making regions with different conditions comparable and provide tools for rational planning and decision making. One model for how highway maintenance costs depend on snow, bridges and traffic and one model for how bridge maintenance costs depend on size and age were elaborated. Models included in contracts, e.g. to allow a contractor to reduce the weather risk, appear to have contributed to a more successful contracting rollout in Sweden than in Canada. France provides experience of how inhouse innovation contests and industry-own patent-like routines can promote innovation. After the first two years with an incentive contract, Banverket received 10 % better quality measured as train delay and 20 % better quality measured as the number of technical errors at no cost. A lesson learnt is that the success of performance-based specifications depends on how well the owner can describe and define the contracts, how compliance is measured and how deviations are handled, i.e. how the contractor is penalized for non-fulfillment or awarded for excess deliveryQC 20100819
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Stenbeck, Torbjörn. "Promoting innovation in transportation infrastructure maintenence : incentives, contracting and performance-based specifications /." Stockholm, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4311.
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Larson, Shawn J. "Developing Guidelines for Including Mobility-Based Performance Specifications in Highway Construction Contracts." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3844.
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Construction zones can greatly affect the traffic flow on roadways, especially when lane closures are required. Traditionally, the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) has used traffic management specifications that only allow lane closures and road work to be done during predetermined hours or specifications that require a certain number of lanes to be open at all times. Recently, mobility-based work-zone traffic flow maintenance has been considered. This method requires continuous monitoring of mobility-based performance data and a mechanism to send alerts to the contractors when the mobility data does not meet the standards set by the specifications. UDOT recently tested mobility-based performance specifications at an urban arterial work zone and studied issues related to implementation of mobility-based performance specifications. Parallel to this experiment, UDOT funded a study to develop guidelines for implementing mobility-based performance specifications to manage traffic flow in work zones. Dynamically collecting mobility-based data such as travel time and speed is now feasible using technologies such as Bluetooth and microwave sensors. The core benefit of using mobility-based performance specifications is that they can give the contractor more flexibility in construction work scheduling while maintaining an acceptable level of traffic flow. If the level of traffic flow is not maintained, then the contractor is assessed a financial penalty. The penalty is determined by the amount of time where the flow is not maintained at a predetermined condition. To discuss issues and develop guidelines, a task force consisting of UDOT representatives, several representatives from the construction industry, and researchers from Brigham Young University was formed. Through three task force meetings, a set of 12 guidelines were developed, including guidelines about when mobility-based performance specifications should be used and which mobility data should be used. Some of the issues were difficult for the task force members to agree on, and a decision-making theory called the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to find best approaches to deal with some of the difficult issues associated with the implementation of mobility-based performance specifications in highway construction contracts. These guidelines should be reviewed as appropriate in the future as UDOT accumulates experience in using these types of specifications.
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Koziolek, Heiko [Verfasser], and R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Reussner. "Parameter dependencies for reusable performance specifications of software components / Heiko Koziolek ; Betreuer: R. Reussner." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1185540741/34.
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Odendaal, Courtney Megan. "Establishment of performance-based specifications for the structural use of locally available macro-synthetic fibres." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96678.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: FRC (Fibre-reinforced concrete) has become a common form of secondary and even primary reinforcing in some applications throughout the world. In South Africa, the structural applications are limited primarily to steel fibres while cheaper, lighter and more durable synthetic fibres have been side-lined due to low stiffnesses. The purpose of this research project is to investigate the behaviour of synthetic fibre-reinforced concrete (SynFRC) using fibres which are locally available in South Africa, and to propose a performance-based specification and test method for the use of these fibres. In order to achieve this, single fibre pull-out tests were performed on four locally available polypropylene fibres. It was found that the average bond stresses of the fibres are influenced primarily by the fibre cross sectional shape, longitudinal geometry and surface treatment, and secondarily by the aspect ratio. The W/C ratio had little effect on the single fibre performance of non-treated fibres, but appeared to have a slight effect on the single fibre performance of the surface treated fibre. From the experimental results, the highest fibre bond stress will be generated by using a fibre with an X-shaped cross section, longitudinal crimping and applying a surface treatment to this fibre. It also appears that the bond stress distribution for flat fibres is close to uniform, while the bond stress distribution for non-flat crimped fibres has a high mechanical interlock component at the surface end. Macro-mechanical performance tests were performed by means of the BS EN 14651 (2007) three point beam bending test and the ASTM C1550 (2012) Round Determinate Panel Test (RDPT). These tests were selected following a thorough literature review. The RDPT was found to be more consistent and able to identify trends which the three point beam bending test could not. In addition, the three point beam bending test’s most popular output, the Re,3 value tended to be misleading with varying W/C ratios, and it is recommended that the equivalent flexural tensile strength be used instead if the three point beam bending test is used. The macro-mechanical testing showed that increasing the fibre dosage did increase post-cracking performance. The flat fibres’ performance was significantly better than that of the non-flat fibres, and also increased at a faster rate with increasing fibre dosage. The post-cracking performance decreased with increasing W/C ratios and increasing aggregate sizes. The macro-mechanical performance was inversely proportionate to the single fibre performance. The macro-mechanical performance decreased with increasing fibre bond stress, and increased with increasing equivalent diameter, which equates to fewer fibres in a set volume of fibres. Finally, basic principles were developed from the data. These principles were used to predict the RDPT and three point beam bending test performance parameters based on fibre dosage, single fibre properties (bond stress and equivalent diameter), W/C ratio and aggregate size from the available data. The principles can be further refined with more experimental data.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vesel-gewapende beton word regoor die wêreld as ’n algemene vorm van sekondêre en selfs primêre versterking gebruik. In Suid-Afrika is die strukturele toepassings hoofsaaklik tot staal vesels beperk, terwyl goedkoper, ligter en meer duursame sintetiese vesels vermy word as gevolg van lae styfhede. Die doel van hierdie navorsingsprojek is om die gedrag van sintetiese-veselversterktebeton (SynFRC) te ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van vesels wat in Suid-Afrika beskikbaar is, en 'n prestasie-gebaseerdespesifikasie en toetsmetode vir die gebruik van sintetiese vesels voor te stel. Enkelveseluittrektoetse is op vier plaaslik beskikbare polipropileen vesels uitgevoer. Daar is gevind dat die gemiddelde verbandspanning van die vesel hoofsaaklik deur die vesel deursnee vorm, lengte meetkunde en oppervlak behandeling beïnvloed word, en tweedens deur die aspek verhouding beïnvloed. Die W/C-verhouding het min effek op die enkelveselprestasie van nie-behandelde vesels, maar het 'n effek op die enkeleveselprestasie van die oppervlak-behandelde vesel gehad. Die eksperimentele resultate wys dat die hoogste vesel verbandspanning deur 'n vesel met 'n X-vormige deursnit, lengte krimping en toepassing van 'n oppervlak behandeling gegenereer sal word. Dit blyk ook dat die verbandspanningverspreiding vir ’n plat vesel naby aan uniform is, terwyl die verbandspanningverspreiding vir ’n nie-plat gekrimpde vesel 'n hoë meganiese grendeling komponent op die oppervlak ente het. Makro-meganiese prestasietoetse is uitgevoer deur middel van die BS EN 14651 (2007) driepuntbalkbuigtoets en die ASTM C1550 (2012) RDPT. Hierdie toetse is ná ’n deeglike literatuuroorsig gekies. Die RDPT is meer konsekwent en is in staat om neigings te identifiseer wat die driepuntbalkbuigingtoets nie kan nie. Daarbenewens, met wisselende W/C verhoudings, is die driepuntbalkbuigtoets se gewildste resultaat, die Re,3-waarde geneig om misleidend te wees. Dit word aanbeveel dat die ekwivalentebuigtreksterkte in plaas van die Re,3-waarde as die drie punt balk buig toets resultaat gebruik word. Die makro-meganiesetoets het getoon dat die verhoging van die veseldosis ’n toename in na-krakingprestasie veroorsaak. Die plat vesels se prestasie was aansienlik beter as die van nie-plat vesels, en het met 'n toenemende veseldosis teen 'n vinniger koers verhoog. Die na-krakingprestasie het met toenemende W/C en die verhoging van die klip grootte afgeneem. Die makro-meganieseprestasie was omgekeerd eweredig aan die enkelveselprestasie. Die makro-meganieseprestasie het met toenemende vesel band stres verminder, en het met 'n toenemende gelykstaande deursnee (wat gelykstaande is aan minder vesel in 'n stel volume van vesel) vergroot. Ten slotte is basiese beginsels uit die data ontwikkel. Hierdie beginsels is gebruik om die RDPT en driepuntbalkbuigtoets prestasieparameters gebaseer op veseldosis, enkelveseleienskappe (verbandspanning en ekwivalentediameter), W/C-verhouding en klip grootte van die beskikbare data te voorspel. Die beginsels kan met meer eksperimentele data verder verfyn word.
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林俊業 and Tsun-ip Patrick Lam. "A holistic model of the preparation and use of construction specifications and their effects on project performance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31633614.
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Lam, Tsun-ip Patrick. "A holistic model of the preparation and use of construction specifications and their effects on project performance." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31633614.
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Crisp, Sandra S. "Acquisition reform: impact of conversion to performance and commercial specifications/standards on the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7848.
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Approve for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program (CSDP) was established to plan and execute the safe destruction of the nation's stockpile of unitary chemical weapons. The CSDP is unique in that it is not a weapon system production program but, a weapon system destruction program with a mandated completion date of December 31, 2004. Execution of the program requires that multiple public issues be addressed including the public's concern regarding safety and the environment. Cost growth and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) permit delays have jeopardized on time completion within life cycle cost estimates. Another relevant issue is reform of the acquisition process, specifically the DoD requirement to convert military-unique specifications and standards to performance statements or commercial equivalents. This research provides evidence that acquisition reform initiatives on specifications and standards has had a positive influence on program costs with no overall program schedule delays. Continued efforts in this area should enhance the ability to demilitarize the nation's deteriorating stockpile of lethal chemical weapons within projected cost while maintaining or improving the quality and safety levels currently set by the EPA. The specific recommendations provided herein are intended to assist in improving program effectiveness and efficiency.
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Poteet, Thomas L. "Benefits, costs and risks of converting from military design specifications to commercial performance standards at a commercial laboratory." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA366172.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1999."June 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Walter E. Owen, Mark E. Nissen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-155). Also available online.
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Kim, Jeong Ah. "The role of legislation in driving good occupational health and safety management systems: A comparison of prescriptive based legislation." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15966/.
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Countries seek to control exposure to hazardous substances and environments by the enactment of legislation. In the past thirty years, two major different approaches to occupational health and safety legislation have been devleoped by countries around the world. The performance-based legislative approach has been linked with the emergence of occupational health and safety management systems but no research has previously been done to determine whether or not the legislative approach taken by government influences the introduction or form of occupational health and safety management systems used by organisations. Similarly, although the reasons why Australia and other countries have moved to performance-based legislation have been explained in terms of social, political and economic factors that influenced the change, little research has been done on the effectiveness of this approach compared with the prescriptive approach of countries such as Korea. -I- The overall aim of this research is to develop a conprehensive understanding of the management of expusre to heavy metals in selected industries in Korea and Australia. The specific objectives of the study are to determine: The effectiveness of heavy metal exposure management in the fluorescent lamp manufacturing industry in Korea, and an Oral Health Service, and lead-risk workplaces in Queensland, Australia; The management of the legislative arrangements for health surveillance in Korea and Queensland, Australia; The characteristics of the occupational health and safety management systems that are in use in the heavy metal industries in Korea in Australia; and The effectiveness of prescriptive and performance based legislative systems in protecting the health and safety of workers in heavy metal based industries. Secondary analysis of biological monitoring data from 6 fluorescent lamp manufacturing companies (8 workplaces) in Korea was used to examine the extent of mercury exposure and the effectiveness of the health surveillance system in that country. A survey of dental workers in an oral health service in Queensland provided data on the extent of mercury exposure to the workforce and workers' attitudes to the management of occupational risks. The efficiency of the lead health surveillance in Queensland was examined by way of a questionnaire survey of lead designated doctors in the state. A survey of registered lead-risk companies and the oral health servies in Queensland, and 5 of the fluorescent lamp manufacturing companies in Korea provided data on the occupational health and safety management systems in place in these organisations. The health surveillance system for mercury exposed workers in Korea was found to have reduced the incidence of workers with biological levels of mercury above the Baseline Level from 14% in 1994 to 7% in 1999. Bilogical testing of dental workers in Queensland discovered no workers with biological levels of mercury approaching the Baseline Level and air monitoring failed to locate any areas where workers were likely to be exposed to levels approaching the Workplace Exposure Standard. The staff of the Oral Health Service were generally aware of the occupational health and safety management systems in place but only 43% felt that mercury management in the workplace effectively prevented exposure. The lead surveillance system in Queensland was found to be inadequately managed with approximately 37% of registered doctors no longer practicing in the field and their being no way for the government to collect reliable data on the extent of lead exposure in workplaces. The occupational health and safety management systems in the companies surveyed in Queensland and Korea were found to be influenced by the legislative arrangements in place in each of the locations. The Korean systems were more geared to meeting the regulatory requirements whereas the Queensland systems were geared more towards a risk management approach. However substantial differences were also noted depending on the size of the organisation in each case. Legislative arrangements in Korea and Queensland were found to provide reasonable protection from heavy metal exposure to workers however improvements in both systems are needed. The legislation was also found to influence the occupational health and safety management systems in place with performance-based legislation producing systems having a wide risk management focus while a narrower regulatory based focus was noted in Korea where more prescriptive legislation is in force. A confounding factor in the nature of the occupational health and safety management system in place is the size of the organisation and particular attention needs to be paid to this when legislative approaches are considered.
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Parham, Christopher Allen Pisano Etta D. "System parameters and performance specifications for the application of Diffraction Enhanced Imaging and Multiple Image Radiography to breast imaging." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,294.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Biomedical Engineering." Discipline: Biomedical Engineering; Department/School: Medicine.
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Mhundwa, Russel. "Appraisal of experimental performance and modelling of an on-farm dairy milk bulk cooler: Fort Hare Dairy Trust, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4671.
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South Africa contributes approximately 0.5 percent to the total world milk demand and is the third largest producer of fresh cow milk in Africa after Sudan and Kenya. In comparison to any other enterprise, the cost of milk production is influenced by numerous factors, that in turn affect the profitability of the farm enterprise; however one of such factors is high electricity cost. In this regard, there is need for efficient operation of the milk processing plant at all stages and at the same time maximising on product quality and minimising on the cost of production including energy. At the dairy farm, milk handling mainly commences as the milk leaves the cow udder at 35°C–37°C and must be cooled rapidly to a storage temperature of 4°C in a bid to stop microbial activity. The cooling of the milk can be done directly by the bulk milk cooler (BMC) from 37°C to the required storage temperature of 4°C or it can be done successively through pre-cooling. The process of pre-cooling involves the use of a heat exchanger where in most instances the plate heat exchanger (PHE) is used as the pre-cooler (PC) thereby leading to energy savings in a dairy facility. Cooling of milk involves significant amount of energy and it could account for about 20 percent of the total energy consumed on a farm. The aim of the research was to develop mathematical models that could be used to predict the electrical energy performance and capture the cooling saving of an on-farm direct expansion bulk milk cooler (DXBMC) during the milk cooling process. Accordingly, data acquisition system (DAS) was designed and built to accurately measure the power consumption of the BMC, temperature of raw milk, room temperature, temperature of cold water, relative humidity and ambient temperature. The volume of milk produced per day was extracted from the daily records on the farm. In addition, the temperature sensors were connected to a four channel HOBO data loggers which were configured to log at every five-minutes interval. The results were analysed and the mathematical models were developed using MATLAB. The statistical Toolbox in MATLAB was used to rank the predictors according to their weight of importance using the ReliefF Algorithm test. The results showed that on average, the daily electrical energy consumed by the BMC at the two milking times was higher during the peak period (127.82 kWh and 93.86 kWh) than the off-peak period (48.31 kWh and 43.23 kWh). On average, the electricity used for cooling of milk on the dairy farm was 17.06 kWh/m3 of milk. The average monthly electricity used per cow on the farm was 8.03 kWh/cow which translated to an average of 0.26 kWh/cow/day The average specific energy consumption of the cooling system per litre of milk cooled was 0.02 kWh/L and was almost constant throughout the whole period of monitoring. Furthermore, the BMC was able to cool 57.33 L/kWh during the off-peak period which increased by 7.7 percent to 62.13 L/kWh during the peak period. Furthermore, mathematical models represented as multiple linear regression (MLR) models were built and developed using the experimental data. The developed mathematical models had good agreement with the experimental data as evidenced by the correlation coefficients of 0.922 and 0.8995 along with 0.935 and 0.930. The ReliefF Algorithm test revealed that the volume of milk was the principal contributor to the energy consumption of the BMC for both the morning (AM) and afternoon (PM) milking period. The Relative Prediction Error (RPE) was used to evaluate the suitability of the developed models. In this light, the AM off-peak model had RPE of 18.54 percent while the PM off-peak model had 14.42 percent. In addition, the AM peak and PM peak models had RPE of 19.23 percent and 18.95 percent respectively. This suggested that the MLR models for the off-peak and peak milking periods (both AM and PM) had acceptable prediction accuracy since the RPE values were between 10 percent and 20 percent. The findings from the experimental study showed that the coefficient of performance (COP) of the AM milking period was higher (2.20) than that of the PM milking period of the BMC (1.93). Increase in the milk volume led to an increase in the COP such that the peak period with higher milk volumes recorded a high COP increase of 12.61 percent and 19.81 percent for the AM and PM milking periods respectively.
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Murphy-Sweet, Philip A. "Analysis of General Accounting Office, Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals, and Federal Court of Claims decisions on disputes involving performance specifications." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FMurphy%5FSweet.pdf.
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Ndihokubwayo, Ruben. "An analysis of the impact of variation orders on project performance." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1035&context=td_cput.
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Goncalves, Manuel. "Formalisation des transferts de spécifications projet dans le cycle de conception de produits manufacturés : application à un environnement de type Produit-Processus-Organisation." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14161/document.
Full textAbstract:
La performance d'un projet de conception de produits manufacturés est souvent caractérisée par un ensemble d'indicateurs qui ne repose pas uniquement sur la performance du produit mais sur celle du triptyque produit processus et organisation (PPO). L’utilisation d’indicateurs de performance dans un projet de conception ne peut être efficace que si les liens de traçabilité entre les données sont formalisés. Durant le cycle de conception, de très nombreuses spécifications PPO, également appelées spécifications projet, sont déployées dans un environnement de conception collaborative. Ce déploiement consiste à transférer les spécifications de niveaux de détail donnés vers des niveaux de détail plus affinés (transfert interniveaux) et depuis des vues globales vers des vues particulières (transfert intervues). Ce travail propose de caractériser ces deux mécanismes de transferts, déjà introduits pour les spécifications géométriques, à l’ensemble des spécifications projet. La formalisation et la généralisation de ces mécanismes de transferts ont été identifiées pour un ensemble de modèles pour la conception collaborative (un modèle produit, deux modèles processus (un pour le système décisionnel et un pour le système technologique) et un modèle organisation). Ces modèles constituent ainsi un environnement PPO. Le système décisionnel et le système technologique y sont décrits comme deux aspects du système de conception : l’un s’intéressant à l’organisation et aux processus, l’autre travaillant sur le produit même au travers d’un processus de conception. Les transferts de spécifications y sont ainsi illustrés. La mise en place de perturbations dans un scénario de conception de turbine haute pression permet de mettre en évidence les liens de traçabilité entre les spécifications ainsi que les impacts des perturbations et des solutions censés les corriger. Un indicateur de performance énergétique ayant été défini, des perturbations sont simulées et des solutions sont proposées. La notion de compromis apparaît alors lorsque les solutions améliorent une caractéristique de l’indicateur de performance énergétique mais en dégrade une autreDesign project performance of manufactured products is often characterised by a set of indicators which does not depend only on the product’s performance but also on that of the product process and organisation (PPO) triptych. The use of performance indicators in a design project can only be effective if the traceability links between the data are formalised. During the design cycle, a lot of PPO specifications, also called project specifications, are deployed in a collaborative design environment. This deployment consists in transferring the specifications from a given detail level towards finer ones (interlevel transfer) and from a global view towards particular ones (interview transfer). This work proposes to characterise these two mechanisms of transfers, already introduced for geometrical specifications, with the whole of project specifications. The formalisation and the generalisation of these mechanisms of transfers were identified for a set of models for collaborative design (one product model, two process models (one for the decision-making system and one for the technological system) and one organisation model). These models provide thus a PPO environment. The decision-making system and the technological system are described there as two aspects of design system: one concerned with the organisation and the processes, the other working on the product through a design process. Specifications transfers are thus illustrated there. The introduction of disturbances in a design scenario of a high-pressure turbine can highlight the traceability links between specifications and the impacts of the disturbances and the solutions to correct them. An energetic performance indicator has been defined, disturbances are simulated and solutions are proposed. The compromise notion appears then when the solutions go better a characteristic of the energetic performance indicator but degrade another one
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Vögele, Christian [Verfasser], Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Krcmar, Helmut [Gutachter] Krcmar, and Alexander [Gutachter] Pretschner. "Automatic Extraction and Selection of Workload Specifications for Load Testing and Model-Based Performance Prediction / Christian Vögele ; Gutachter: Helmut Krcmar, Alexander Pretschner ; Betreuer: Helmut Krcmar." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116262115X/34.
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Mashiko, Naoto. "Comparative performance of ductile and damage protected bridge piers subjected to bi-directional earthquake attack." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1159.
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Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) procedures are advanced and then applied to a quantitative risk assessment for bridge structures. This is achieved by combining IDA with site-dependent hazard-recurrence relations and damage outcomes. The IDA procedure is also developed as a way to select a critical earthquake motion record for a one-off destructive experiment. Three prototype bridge substructures are designed according to the loading and detailing requirements of New Zealand, Japan and Caltrans codes. From these designs 30 percent reduced scale specimens are constructed as part of an experimental investigation. The Pseudodynamic test is then to control on three specimens using the identified critical earthquake records. The results are presented in a probabilistic riskbased format. The differences in the seismic performance of the three different countries' design codes are examined. Each of these current seismic design codes strive for ductile behaviour of bridge substructures. Seismic response is expected to be resulting damage on structures, which may threaten post-earthquake serviceability. To overcome this major performance shortcoming, the seismic behaviour under bi-directional lateral loading is investigated for a bridge pier designed and constructed in accordance with Damage Avoidance principles. Due to the presence of steel armoured rocking interface at the base, it is demonstrated that damage can be avoided, but due to the lack of hysteresis it is necessary to add some supplemental damping. Experimental results of the armoured rocking pier under bi-directional loading are compared with a companion ductile design specimen.
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GONCALVES, JOSEMARY A. C. "Pesquisas propriedades e aplicacoes de detectores de faisca em problemas de fisica nuclear de energia atomica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1993. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10321.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:37:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 02029.pdf: 4740189 bytes, checksum: ff05d787c5ab98b675cc36bbe2b0c062 (MD5)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Choi, Jae-ho. "Framework of developing performance-related specifications at WisDOT." 2002. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Chen, Yi-Kuang, and 陳怡光. "Specifications improvement of time-delay systems with new performance index." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21172635210677400740.
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碩士義守大學
電機工程學系碩士班
96
In this dissertation, we represent two performance indexes of close-loop time -delay control system. According to the requirement of control system, we can utilize the feedback control to design the controller as follows: (1) We propose four compensation designs of new specifications under which the frequency-domain response and time-domain response of closed-loop control systems can be kept within prescribed limit. (2) We propose four compensation designs of new specifications under which the transient response and steady-state response of closed-loop control systems can be kept within prescribed limit.
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Echeverria, Magariños Claudia. "Yarn specifications and performance metrics for short staple yarn manufacturers." 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07102008-061810/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Zhang, Sijian. "Performance modelling and evaluation of protocols based on formal specifications." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7470.
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Protocol performance issues are important in communication protocol design
and network management, especially for those protocols which run in high-speed
networking environments. An accurate performance modelling and evaluation approach is necessary to obtain reliable performance estimations and to improve system performance. Using queueing models (QMs) or finite state machines (FSMs) alone is difficult to achieve this goal because many aspects that affect performance
are not taken into consideration by the model. This thesis proposes a new performance model called performance extended finite state machine (PEFSM). PEFSM makes use of the strengths of both QM and FSM. A PEFSM is based on an FSM which is extended to include time and probability. Furthermore, the transition time is refined and divided into two parts: the transition wait time and the transition service time. This allows the
PEFSMs to integrate message arrival and queueing models which provide useful
and essential information necessary for studying real world protocols. PEFSMs are classified into three categories based on the message arrival characteristics: synchronous PEFSMs (SyPEFSMs), asynchronous PEFSMs (AsPEF
SMs) and hybrid PEFSMs (HyPEFSMs). While the hybrid model is the most useful and realistic model for communication protocols, the other two models are also presented for completeness, and as a way to explain the hybrid model. A method for computing performance metrics based on SyPEFSMs is given in the thesis. Two types of AsPEFSMs — AsPEFSM-α and AsPEFSM-β — and their
performance evaluation methods are also presented. Then a class of HyPEFSM
which is a hybrid model of SyPEFSM and AsPEFSM-α is introduced. The proposed performance evaluation method for this class of HyPEFSM is basically the
combination of those for SyPEFSMs and AsPEFSM-αs. Our performance mod
effing and evaluation approach has been applied to various examples, including
the alternating bit protocol and multi-stage interconnection network (MIN).
The performance evaluation method for PEFSMs makes use of stochastic pro
cess and queueing theory. A new queueing property for an M/G/1. with multiple
job classes and an analogous property for AsPEFSM-os have been discovered and
proved.
As a first step in improving system performance, the thesis defines software
performance bottlenecks based on PEFSMs. Two bottleneck identification methods are proposed and tested. This thesis also proposes a testing method called t-test which in most cases is able to obtain the service times of invisible transitions when the protocol implementation under test is given as a black box. Transition service times are important parameters in FSM-based performance models. Studies in the past have usually assumed the transition times to be known a priori without discussing how they may be obtained. Simulations and measurement experiments have been conducted to validate
the methodologies proposed in this thesis. The results are quite promising.
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Chiang, Yu-chi, and 江玉麒. "Specifications improvement for time-lag control systems with multiple performance indexes." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54735615027342203459.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
電機工程學系碩士班
97
In this thesis, we represent a new performance indexes for a class of time-lag control systems. According to the requirement of control system, we can utilize time-domain method to design a simple feedback compensation as follows: (1)We propose simple compensation designs of under which the frequency-domain specifications and time-domain specifications of close-loop time-lag control system can be kept within prescribed limit. (2)We propose a simple compensation designs of some specifications under which the transient response and steady-state response of close-loop time-lag control systems can be kept within prescribed limit. Finally, several numerical examples and computer simulations are provided to illustrate the use of the main results.
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Koziolek, Heiko [Verfasser]. "Parameter dependencies for reusable performance specifications of software components / by Heiko Koziolek." 2008. http://d-nb.info/989912469/34.
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Short, Steven M. "Performance-based quality specifications the link between product development and clinical outcomes /." 2009. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/etd,126650.
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Chou, Chi-Ruei, and 周琦芮. "Pavement Marking Retroreflection Performance Specifications and the Preliminary Case Study in Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23416241266318153700.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
104
The reflectivity of pavement marking represents its visibility, which not only indicates the effectiveness of marking direclty, but also affects road safety. Luminance Coefficient Under Diffuse Illumination, Qd, and Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance, RL, are the most commonly seen pavement marking reflection index, where Qd refers to the making visibility during daytime, and RL represents the night visibility of marking. Fuher more, RL could be subdivided into dry, wet and raining condition. Also, becuase the traffic accidents during nighttime have a higher probability to be fatal, the nighttime marking visibility is more critical, and RL becomes one of the most important evaluating index of pavement marking performance. However, little specification and research about pavement marking reflectivity performance are done in Taiwan. CNS 15834, published in 2015, was the only standard in Taiwan that metioned marking reflectivity performance, which gave classification of marking performance. Nevertheless, the authority concerned has not established any marking reflectivity performance acceptance criteria which meet the road safety demands. This research first reviewed and integrated the specification and research related to pavement marking reflectivity performance to know the lack in Taiwan, and then learned about the pavement marking constructing situation through questionnaires and interview with firm of pavement marking. Also, tests and analysis for Qd and RL of marking under dry and wet conditions were made respectively with a portable retroreflectometer to comprehend the existing marking situation in Taiwan. Ultimately, an elementary suggestion of pavement marking construction and maintenance management and nighttime inspector training scheme were given for the authority concerned.
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Çetiner, Nesrin Özgan. "Specifications and performance of the Compton Suppression Spectrometer at the Pennsylvania State University." 2008. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/PSUonlyIndex/ETD-2735/index.html.
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Lin, Jian-ho, and 林建河. "The Investigation of the Tire Specifications on the Performance of a Moving Vehicle." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52948748269253008366.
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碩士逢甲大學
材料與製造工程所
95
In this paper, we use both the geometry and mechanics to investigate the influence of the tire specifications on the driving performance. We focus on some specified tire specifications (tire width, height/width ratio, and tire inside diameter), to investigate the reduction of the tire height (deformation) and the variation of the contact area of the tire and the ground, under some specified tire width and inside diameter of the tire, and under certain tire loads and tire pressures, study the influence on the rolling resistance, the wheel speed, and the reading of the speed meter, then evaluate the effects on the power consumption, the acceleration, and the driven force of the tire.
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Shahroodi, Ahmad. "Development of Test Methods for Assessment of Concrete Durability for Use in Performance-based Specifications." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/25796.
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Many Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) projects consist of construction and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures. Where appropriate test methods exist, MTO has been moving towards use of performance-based specifications for durability control of concrete. MTO currently uses ASTM C1202 (RCPT) coulomb values to assess concrete durability. This test requires taking cores, so replacing this test with a faster non-destructive technique is important.
The main focus of this program was to study the Wenner probe surface resistivity as a non-destructive test device and evaluate the potential for replacement of RCPT with the Wenner resistivity.
This research program consists of the determination of RCPT values, water sorptivity coefficients and electrical resistivities (bulk and surface) of nine concrete mixtures.
In addition, the development of the Wenner probe instrument was studied. As well, correlations between resistivity and ASTM C1202 and C1585 are provided followed by technical recommendations for improving the Wenner test.
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Watson, Andrew. "Prescriptive and descriptive perspectives on business unit structure and performance: The influence of business strategy, general manager, and external and intracorporate environments." 2001. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3027269.
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The project of strategic management research includes the explanation and prediction of organizational performance (Hambrick, 1989). Hence it is to a large extent a prescriptive project. In particular, many researchers have advanced and empirically supported the proposition that, in the interests of economic performance, organizations should align their strategies and structures. A classic example is provided by Rumelt's (1974) study of corporations. Rumelt's classic study is based on a prescriptive structural contingency theory. It is prescriptive, in that it includes a recommendation, or prescription, to be followed in the interests of organizational performance. It is based on contingency theory, in that the prescription is one of fit between structure and a contingency variable (corporate strategy). However, not all theories of organizational structure are prescriptive. Others are descriptive, in that they offer explanation and prediction of what managers and organizations actually do, whether or not their actions improve organizational performance. For example, from the institutional perspective, organizations within a given field tend towards similarity, rather than towards efficiency (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983). This dissertation adopts and tests both prescriptive and descriptive perspectives. The research described here is to a large extent a generalization (Tsang and Kwan, 1999) of prior descriptive and prescriptive research. Its distinctive contribution to these streams of research is that its unit of analysis is different from those of prior studies. The unit of analysis of this dissertation is the business unit of the multibusiness corporation. Little prior research has taken as its unit of analysis the business unit. The paucity of research at this level is surprising in the light of the robust finding that a considerable proportion of variance in performance is due to business unit effects (Rumelt, 1991). Hence choice of this unit of analysis is consistent with strategic management's performance-oriented project. Results from this study show positive association between the strategic variable of low cost and the structural variable of formalization. They further show a negative effect on performance associated with similarity amongst business units of the same corporation.
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Vijaykumar, Aishwarya. "Validation of Surface Performance-Graded Specification For Surface Treatment Binders." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11606.
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The design and selection of surface treatment binders in service is currently based on specifications that only account for the penetration and ductility of emulsion residues or the penetration and viscosity of hot-applied asphalt cements. These specifications consider neither the entire range of temperatures that the binders may be subjected to during production and in service, nor long-term aging behavior. A surface performance-graded (SPG) specification for the selection of surface treatment binders was developed as part of previous Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) projects. The work performed under the TxDOT Project 0-6616 was the basis for this thesis. In this project, the SPG specification, which is performance-based and takes into account the physical properties of the binder at the temperature ranges in which the material will be used, was further validated. This was accomplished by standardizing the emulsion residue recovery method through the evaluation of two warm oven methods, exploring the exclusive use of the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) for determining performance-based properties, and further field validating the thresholds for these properties. The laboratory and field results were used to revise the SPG specification for surface treatment binders in service.
Binder samples collected from chip seal projects constructed on selected highway sections in Texas in summer 2011 were tested and graded according to the existing SPG specification developed in previous research projects. Two warm oven emulsion residue recovery methods were used and compared. New DSR tests, including the multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test and the frequency sweep test were evaluated for developing additional criteria in the SPG specification. The SPG grades of the surface binder samples evaluated from laboratory tests were compared with the actual field performance of the highway sections one year after construction. The SPG specification was found to be functional in terms of enabling the selection of binders to ensure adequate surface treatment performance. Moreover, the results obtained from the MSCR and DSR frequency sweep tests were compared with field performance to develop additional criteria in the specification. Further validation is recommended to investigate the effects of construction and quality control processes, as this study is limited to producing a revised SPG specification for properties that address stiffness and aggregate retention in service.
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Liu, Hsuan-He, and 劉烜赫. "An Empirical Research on Guidelines for the Development of Output Specifications and Performance Based Payment under the PFI Method." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04921488716560893937.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
營建工程系
104
The current the policies of private participation have led to problems in the practice of public private partnership projects of a status known in economics as a “misalignment of governance structure”. In order to resolve such misalignment issues in private participation projects in Taiwan, the adoption of the UK’s PFI system should be considered. The PFI model could relieve the government from the pressure of having to provide public infrastructure projects that are low in self liquidation yet contributes greatly in terms of public welfare amidst financial and budgetary turmoil. The government would be able to spread out the investment and operational costs across the entire period of service of the project, allowing for alleviation of financial pressure by means of delayed payments. A PFI model requires a Value for Money Analysis during the assessment stage in order to determine the most suitable procurement method for the project. Another important aspect is that the government will abide by payment methods that are determined by the service levels provided by the contractor. The standards for determining payments based on service levels are dictated by the output specifications of the contract, which must also clearly state the requirements of performance based payments. The public sector should include all project requirements and measurable items clearly within the output specifications, as well as basing payments on the progress of performance based items completed in the project. The contract used in a PFI model is that of a performance based contract. In Taiwan, however, there is a lack of experience with how to properly formulate output specifications. Through examining lessons learned from countries abroad that have experience preparing output specifications, analyzing the current application of performance based contracts in Taiwan, and evaluating relevant case studies and research, this study aims to establish 15 standards for drafting an output specification suitable for use in Taiwan. These 15 standards will be applied as part of a case analysis of the output specification and performance based payment models used in the streetlight replacement and maintenance PPP project in New Taipei City.
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Benzane, Amarildo Leonel Mailito Guiane. "Análise da regulamentação portuguesa de segurança contra incêndios e proposta da sua aplicação a Moçambique." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/38444.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Civil, Segurança aos Incêndios Urbanos, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.A adoção de regulamentos de segurança contra incêndio em edifícios é um dos desafios atuais, em matéria de construção civil, em muitos países do mundo e em particular os em via de desenvolvimento. Todavia, não basta a existência de regulamentação é também necessária a aplicação e atualização da mesma para que se tenha resultados desejados e responder às novas exigências, no que respeite ao combate de incêndio nos edifícios. Esta dissertação propõe uma regulamentação de Segurança Contra o Incêndio em Edifícios (SCIE), para Moçambique, a qual se embasa na atual regulamentação portuguesa de Segurança Contra Incêndio em Edifícios (RT-SCIE). A regulamentação é proposta no desejo de responder a uma série de incêndios que o país, em particular a cidade de Maputo vem tendo ao longo dos últimos anos que tem resultado em inúmeras vítimas e destruições incalculáveis, assim como a tendente aceleração na construção de diversos edifícios. Pretende-se ainda com a mesma regulamentação reduzir a probabilidade de ocorrência de incêndios, circunscrevendo e minimizando os seus efeitos, nomeadamente a propagação do fumo e gases de combustão, facilitar a evacuação e o salvamento dos ocupantes em risco e permitir a intervenção eficaz e segura dos meios de socorro. Por outro lado, aglutinar num único documento e duma maneira concisa e objetiva, todo o instrumento regulador de segurança contra incêndio em edifícios, para Moçambique. A regulamentação moçambicana de SCIE, encontra-se em poucos artigos dispersos sobre vários regulamentos de Legislação Sobre Construção, para além de remontarem da era colonial e muitos deles desfasados do atual estágio de construção civil em curso no país. Moçambique preenche em termos de edifícios as doze utilizações-tipo previstas no regulamento português, inclusive as suas categorias de risco. Ademais algumas entidades moçambicanas já a usam nos projetos de SCIE, tendo isto contribuído na adaptação do RT-SCIE de Portugal para Moçambique. De salientar que para a implementação da presente proposta precisa de se criar uma entidade fiscalizadora formada pelo Serviço Nacional de salvação pública, Conselhos Municipais e a Ordem dos Engenheiros de Moçambique.
Nowadays, one of the challenges in civil construction arena, consist of setting the rules based on security against fire in buildings, and information about the risk which occurs when there is no observance of such rules. To refer that, the rules cannot only be written but they should also be put into practice in order to obtain the results and update them, as time goes by, to fit the new reality and demands. This dissertation suggests the ruling security against the fire in buildings for Mozambique, which is based on the current ruling Portuguese security against the fire buildings. This regulation is set as way of responding a set of fire building which has resulted an uncountable victims and damages that the country, particularly Maputo City, has been facing in these last years. It also emphasizes the construction of diversities of buildings. The regulation suggested in this work intends to reduce the probability of the fire occurrence, pinpointing and minimizing the fire effects namely: the propagation of smoke and combustion of gases, to ease the evacuation of saving of householders who are in risk and permits the efficient and safe intervention of the means of salvation. On the other hand, it concise and objectively gathers all the instruments that can be used for the fire building security in Mozambique. The Mozambican Fire Safety in Buildings regulation lies in a few scattered articles about various Legislation on Construction regulations, in addition to date back to the colonial era and many of them lagged the current stage of construction underway in the country. Mozambique in terms of buildings fills the twelve uses standard provided in Portuguese Regulation, including its risk categories. Moreover some Mozambican entities already use in projects Fire Safety in Buildings, having contributed in this adaptation of the Technical Rules of Fire Safety in Buildings from Portugal to Mozambique. Noteworthy that for the implementation of this proposal need to create a monitoring entity formed by the National Public Service salvation, Municipal Councils and the Order of Engineers of Mozambique
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Hewes, Bailey. "An Investigation of the Optimal Sample Size, Relationship between Existing Tests and Performance, and New Recommended Specifications for Flexible Base Courses in Texas." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149371.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to improve flexible base course performance within the state of Texas while reducing TxDOT’s testing burden. The focus of this study was to revise the current specification with the intent of providing a “performance related” specification while optimizing sample sizes and testing frequencies based on material variability.
A literature review yielded information on base course variability within and outside the state of Texas, and on what tests other states, and Canada, are currently using to characterize flexible base performance. A sampling and testing program was conducted at Texas A&M University to define current variability information, and to conduct performance related tests including resilient modulus and permanent deformation. In addition to these data being more current, they are more representative of short-term variability than data obtained from the literature. This “short-term” variability is considered more realistic for what typically occurs during construction operations.
A statistical sensitivity analysis (based on the 80th percentile standard deviation) of these data was conducted to determine minimum sample sizes for contractors to qualify for the proposed quality monitoring program (QMP). The required sample sizes for contractors to qualify for the QMP are 20 for gradation, compressive strength, and moisture-density tests, 15 for Atterberg Limits, and 10 for Web Ball Mill. These sample sizes are based on a minimum 25,000 ton stockpile, or “lot”. After qualifying for the program, if contractors can prove their variability is better than the 80th percentile, they can reduce their testing frequencies. The sample size for TxDOT’s verification testing is 5 samples per lot and will remain at that number regardless of reduced variability. Once qualified for the QMP, a contractor may continue to send material to TxDOT projects until a failing sample disqualifies the contractor from the program.
TxDOT does not currently require washed gradations for flexible base. Dry and washed sieve analyses were performed during this study to investigate the need for washed gradations. Statistical comparisons of these data yielded strong evidence that TxDOT should always use a washed method. Significant differences between the washed and dry method were determined for the percentage of material passing the No. 40 and No. 200 sieves. Since TxDOT already specifies limits on the fraction of material passing the No. 40 sieve, and since this study yielded evidence of that size fraction having a relationship with resilient modulus (performance), it would be beneficial to use a washed sieve analysis and therefore obtain a more accurate reading for that specification.
Furthermore, it is suggested the TxDOT requires contractors to have “target” test values, and to place 90 percent within limits (90PWL) bands around those target values to control material variability.
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"A Generalized H-Infinity Mixed Sensitivity Convex Approach to Multivariable Control Design Subject to Simultaneous Output and Input Loop-Breaking Specifications." Doctoral diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.50554.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: In this dissertation, we present a H-infinity based multivariable control design methodology that can be used to systematically address design specifications at distinct feedback loop-breaking points. It is well understood that for multivariable systems, obtaining good/acceptable closed loop properties at one loop-breaking point does not mean the same at another. This is especially true for multivariable systems that are ill-conditioned (having high condition number and/or relative gain array and/or scaled condition number). We analyze the tradeoffs involved in shaping closed loop properties at these distinct loop-breaking points and illustrate through examples the existence of pareto optimal points associated with them. Further, we study the limitations and tradeoffs associated with shaping the properties in the presence of right half plane poles/zeros, limited available bandwidth and peak time-domain constraints. To address the above tradeoffs, we present a methodology for designing multiobjective constrained H-infinity based controllers, called Generalized Mixed Sensitivity (GMS), to effectively and efficiently shape properties at distinct loop-breaking points. The methodology accommodates a broad class of convex frequency- and time-domain design specifications. This is accomplished by exploiting the Youla-Jabr-Bongiorno-Kucera parameterization that transforms the nonlinear problem in the controller to an affine one in the Youla et al. parameter. Basis parameters that result in efficient approximation (using lesser number of basis terms) of the infinite-dimensional parameter are studied. Three state-of-the-art subgradient-based non-differentiable constrained convex optimization solvers, namely Analytic Center Cutting Plane Method (ACCPM), Kelley's CPM and SolvOpt are implemented and compared.
The above approach is used to design controllers for and tradeoff between several control properties of longitudinal dynamics of 3-DOF Hypersonic vehicle model -– one that is unstable, non-minimum phase and possesses significant coupling between channels. A hierarchical inner-outer loop control architecture is used to exploit additional feedback information in order to significantly help in making reasonable tradeoffs between properties at distinct loop-breaking points. The methodology is shown to generate very good designs –- designs that would be difficult to obtain without our presented methodology. Critical control tradeoffs associated are studied and compared with other design methods (e.g., classically motivated, standard mixed sensitivity) to further illustrate its power and transparency.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2018