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Journal articles on the topic "Prescriptive framework"
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Pothos, Emmanuel M., and Jerome R. Busemeyer. "A case for limited prescriptive normativism." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 5 (2011): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x1100015x.
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AbstractUnderstanding cognitive processes with a formal framework necessitates some limited, internal prescriptive normativism. This is because it is not possible to endorse the psychological relevance of some axioms in a formal framework, but reject that of others. The empirical challenge then becomes identifying the remit of different formal frameworks, an objective consistent with the descriptivism Elqayam & Evans (E&E) advocate.
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Khan, Raees. "Secure software development: a prescriptive framework." Computer Fraud & Security 2011, no. 8 (2011): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-3723(11)70083-5.
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Smith, Gerald F. "Defining Managerial Problems: A Framework for Prescriptive Theorizing." Management Science 35, no. 8 (1989): 963–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.8.963.
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Madu, Christian N. "Prescriptive framework for the transfer of appropriate technology." Futures 22, no. 9 (1990): 932–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(90)90062-m.
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Rempel, Robert S., David W. Andison, and Susan J. Hannon. "Guiding principles for developing an indicator and monitoring framework." Forestry Chronicle 80, no. 1 (2004): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc80082-1.
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Sustainable forest management ideally involves five elements: 1) establishing a clear set of values, goals and objectives and, 2) planning actions that are most likely to meet desired goals and objectives, 3) implementing appropriate management activities, 4) monitoring the outcomes to check on predictions, effectiveness, and assumptions, and 5) evaluating and adjusting management depending on the outcome of monitoring. Within this framework, indicators are used to determine whether the outcome of management has met the intended goals. In this paper we provide general guidance for developing an integrated and logical monitoring system, define and differentiate between "evaluative" and "prescriptive" indicators, provide more specific advice on choosing evaluative indicators (including a comparison of types of ecological indicators), and provide specific advice on defining prescriptive indicators. Our guidelines for developing an indicator and monitoring framework are based on three principles. The first principle is to develop a logical framework, including 1) establishing clear values and goals before setting indicators and objectives, and 2) linking prescriptive and evaluative indicators directly to plan objectives, and to each other. The second principal is to use the framework to learn adaptively by: 1) designing management activities to address specific questions, 2) learning about thresholds, and 3) testing assumptions. The third principal is to create a formal plan for learning. Key words: biodiversity, indicators, focal species, adaptive learning, sustainable forest management
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Keeney, Ralph L., and Detlof von Winterfeldt. "A Prescriptive Risk Framework for Individual Health and Safety Decisions." Risk Analysis 11, no. 3 (1991): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1991.tb00638.x.
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Baxter, Robert Neal. "Terminology setting for ‘minority’ languages within an ultra prescriptive framework." Terminology 10, no. 2 (2004): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.10.2.06bax.
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Although centred on the specific terminological field of foreign place names within the particular context of the Galizan language, this paper is also concerned with the much wider issues of methodological coherence in neology and corpus planning on the whole and the impact on non-standardised languages, particularly in highly prescriptive settings, with potential consequences for status planning.
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Kandula, Shanthan, Srikumar Krishnamoorthy, and Debjit Roy. "A prescriptive analytics framework for efficient E-commerce order delivery." Decision Support Systems 147 (August 2021): 113584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2021.113584.
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Uzoma Ihugba, Bethel. "The governance of corporate social responsibility." International Journal of Law and Management 56, no. 2 (2014): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-04-2013-0015.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the limitations of promoting corporate social responsibility (CSR) regulation and suggests a model for improving accountability in CSR practices through stakeholder engagement-based inclusive regulation framework that is effective, coherent and responsive. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper uses desk-based research to analyse extant literature on the concept of regulation of CSR by looking at examples, benefits and limitations before proposing a framework for improving CSR regulation. Findings – The paper finds that the system of promoting CSR through self-regulation or introducing prescriptive regulation without sustainable stakeholder engagement is ineffective and inefficient. Originality/value – The paper is original in its development of a new framework of “Inclusive Regulation” as a strategy for limiting the shortcomings of prescriptive regulation and enhancing self-regulation as CSR tools. It thus contributes to both theoretical and policy perspective in the enhancement of prescriptive and self-regulation in CSR-regulation discourse.
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Ohmori, Shunichi. "A Predictive Prescription Using Minimum Volume k-Nearest Neighbor Enclosing Ellipsoid and Robust Optimization." Mathematics 9, no. 2 (2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9020119.
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This paper studies the integration of predictive and prescriptive analytics framework for deriving decision from data. Traditionally, in predictive analytics, the purpose is to derive prediction of unknown parameters from data using statistics and machine learning, and in prescriptive analytics, the purpose is to derive a decision from known parameters using optimization technology. These have been studied independently, but the effect of the prediction error in predictive analytics on the decision-making in prescriptive analytics has not been clarified. We propose a modeling framework that integrates machine learning and robust optimization. The proposed algorithm utilizes the k-nearest neighbor model to predict the distribution of uncertain parameters based on the observed auxiliary data. The enclosing minimum volume ellipsoid that contains k-nearest neighbors of is used to form the uncertainty set for the robust optimization formulation. We illustrate the data-driven decision-making framework and our novel robustness notion on a two-stage linear stochastic programming under uncertain parameters. The problem can be reduced to a convex programming, and thus can be solved to optimality very efficiently by the off-the-shelf solvers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prescriptive framework"
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Soares, Rogerio Alves. "A prescriptive framework using wiki tool to manage risks in information technology projects." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2016. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1736.
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Previous issue date: 2016-12-16<br>A importância dos projetos de Tecnologia de Informação (TI) para os negócios aumentou e os resultados dos projetos impactam diretamente a estratégia e os lucros das empresas. Neste contexto, o processo de gerenciamento de risco pode ajudar gerentes de projeto a analisar as consequências das mudanças a serem feitas no objetivo e nas baselines dos projetos. O gerenciamento de riscos também permite aos gerentes de projetos a terem uma visão holística dos projetos. Apesar dos gerentes de projetos reconhecerem a importância do gerenciamento de riscos, muitos o fazem parcialmente, ou até mesmo não conseguem gerenciar os riscos devido às dificuldades diárias e à pressão do tempo. Plataformas wiki possuem algumas características herdadas das ferramentas Web 2.0 que podem ajudar gerentes de projetos no gerenciamento de riscos. Wikis também podem ajudar gerentes de projeto a envolver suas equipes e stakeholders nas discussões, na divulgação e no monitoramento dos riscos. Esta dissertação propõe um framework, chamado Wiki for Risk Management (W4RM), a ser adotado em gerenciamento riscos de projetos de TI. A pesquisa foi dividida em três estágios: revisão de literatura, grupo focal e entrevistas conduzidas a partir de abordagem metodológica construtivista. Esta pesquisa concluiu que gerentes de projetos enfrentam uma série de dificuldades ao gerenciarem, dificuldades estas já apontadas em por outros autores na área de gerenciamento de projetos. Os resultados indicam que devido às estas dificuldades, gerentes de projetos não conseguem gerenciar riscos em seus projetos como esperado. Uma importante contribuição desta pesquisa para a teoria é uma robusta análise dos problemas existente no gerenciamento de riscos. Outra contribuição teórica é o framework proposto para gerenciamento de riscos em projetos de TI. Uma contribuição para a prática é que o framework W4RM pode ser usado por profissionais em gerenciamento de projetos.<br>The importance of Information Technology (IT) projects for business is increasing and project results directly impact organizations’ strategy and performance. In this scenario, risk management processes can help project managers to analyze the consequences of changes on project goals and baselines. By managing risks, project managers can have a holistic view of projects. Despite project managers recognizing the importance of risk management, many of them only manage risks partially or even, skip this process due to daily difficulties and time pressure. Wiki platforms have some characteristics and principles inherited from Web 2.0 tools that can be useful when adopted on risk management. Wikis can help project managers evolve their teams and stakeholders on the process of identifying, reporting and monitoring risks on projects. This thesis proposes a framework - the Wiki for Risk Management (W4RM)
- that can be used on risk management in IT projects. The process of designing the framework was divided into three stages: literature review, one focus group and interviews based on a constructivist methodological approach. This research points out that professionals face a series of difficulties as they engage on risk management, as previously argued by other authors on project management research area. Due to these difficulties, project managers are not able to manage risks as expected. An important theoretical contribution of this research is the robust analysis existing issues on risk management in IT settings. Another contribution of this thesis is the proposed framework for risk management for IT projects. For managerial implication of this research the W4RM framework that can be used by practitioners on project management.
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Foster, Derek. "Prescriptive processes to frameworks : the evolution of a learning system and operational framework for professionals engaged in community development /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17282.pdf.
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Narazaki, Rosana Yasue. "Application of a framework for guiding integrated use of social media to support knowledge management in project management." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2017. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1746.
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Previous issue date: 2017-12-14<br>A gestão do conhecimento (GC) é essencial para manter e desenvolver o conhecimento como ativo da organização. A equipe de projeto está se tornando mais descentralizada, exigindo tecnologia para suportar a GC nas atividades de gerenciamento de projetos (GP). A premissa para o fluxo do conhecimento acontecer é ter um ‘ba’ (espaço compartilhado) e este deve ser apoiado por um conjunto de ferramentas colaborativas, como as mídias sociais (MS). No entanto, as melhores práticas em GP não lidam com a dinâmica da GC de forma explícita, o que tem causado falta de rastreabilidade e perda de conhecimento explícito e tácito durante o ciclo de vida do projeto. Além disso, os indivíduos desejam facilidade de uso e acessibilidade, contudo não querem mais uma ferramenta para gerenciar, sugerindo que as MS devam ser integradas. Nesse propósito, o presente estudo analisou uma solução por meio de um instrumento técnico, sob a abordagem Design Science Research (DSR), com a intenção de responder à questão de pesquisa: Como o uso integrado das mídias sociais suportam à GC nas atividades relacionadas ao GP em um projeto de uma instituição de segurança pública? O artefato SM4PM (Social Media for Project Management), um framework prescritivo que guia o uso integrado de mídias sociais para apoiar atividades relacionadas ao GP, foi instanciado para avaliar GC no GP em um projeto de uma instituição de segurança pública. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de quatro técnicas: 1) Entrevistas, 2) Observação direta, 3) Análise documental e 4) Grupo focal. Estes dados foram analisados em cinco etapas com o suporte do software de análise qualitativa MaxQdaPlus: 1) Compilação, 2) Decomposição, 3) Recomposição, 4) Interpretação e 5) Conclusão. Os resultados mostram que as MS suportam a GC em atividades relacionadas ao GP, dando uma forte evidência de que o framework SM4PM pode ser generalizado para resolver uma classe de problema, tais como coletar lições aprendidas naturalmente durante o ciclo de vida do projeto, gerenciar o conhecimento no gerenciamento de projetos, entender o relacionamento entre os processos e a sua integração. Como contribuição, o estudo aplicou empiricamente a ‘teoria para prática’ pela instanciação de um instrumento técnico baseado na “teoria de fazer bem’ e aplicou a ‘teoria que vem da prática’ para refinar este instrumento técnico. O uso do framework SM4PM pode beneficiar os gerentes de projeto, os membros da equipe e as partes interessadas no projeto.<br>Knowledge management (KM) is essential for keeping and developing knowledge as an asset of organizations. Project team is becoming more decentralized, requiring technology to support KM in project management (PM) activities. The premise to the flux of knowledge to happen is to have a ‘ba’ (shared space) and this should be supported by a set of collaborative tools, such as social media (SM). Nevertheless, best practices in PM do not deal with the KM dynamics explicitly which has caused lack of traceability and loss of explicit and tacit knowledge during the project lifecycle. In addition, individuals desire ease of use and accessibility and yet no longer want a tool to manage, suggesting that SM should be integrated. For this purpose, this research analyzed a solution by a technical instrument, under Design Science Research approach, with the intention of answering the research question: How does the integrated use of SM support KM in activities related to PM in a project of a public security organization? The SM4PM (Social Media for Project Management), a prescriptive framework for guiding integrated use of SM in PM, was instantiated to evaluate KM in PM in a project of public security organization. Data collection was done through four techniques: 1) Interviews, 2) Direct observations, 3) Document analysis and 4) Focus group. These data were analyzed in five stages with the support of the MaxQdaPlus qualitative analysis software: 1) Compilation, 2) Decomposition, 3) Recomposition, 4) Interpretation and 5) Conclusion. Results showed that SM support KM in activities related to PM giving strong evidence that SM4PM framework can be generalized to solve a class of problems, such as collecting lessons learned naturally during the project lifecycle, managing the knowledge in PM, understanding relationship among processes and their integration. As a contribution, the study empirically applied ‘theory to practice’ by instantiating a technical instrument based on ‘theory of doing well’ and applied ‘theory from practice’ to refine this technical instrument. The use of SM4PM framework can benefit project managers, team members and project stakeholders.
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Jordaan, Josina Hermeine. "A marketing framework to enhance healthcare professionals' prescription for specialised infant formula." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8340.
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The marketing of infant feeding products is almost impossible as the infant nutrition industry is highly regulated. Despite operating under strict regulations, the infant formula manufacturing companies still generate high revenues on an annual basis. The infant formula manufacturing industry operates under a value chain which can be broken down into six sequential steps. These steps are: (1) Translational science; (2) Product development; (3) Clinical research; (4) Product notification; (5) Reimbursement granting and (6) Product marketing. Medical nutrition companies aspire to understand product requirements of healthcare professionals and medical representatives. This is to enable direct investment to acquire market share without wasting resources. The medical nutrition industry currently makes use of medical representatives to execute product marketing. Manufacturing companies invest a lot of money into developing their products, employing and training medical representatives and trust that this will be enough to persuade healthcare professionals to recommend their products to parents. This study analyses the main contributing factors that enhance prescription of specialised infant formula by healthcare professionals. This study was conducted in a positivistic paradigm by making use of a quantitative approach. Healthcare professionals from Port Elizabeth, working with paediatric patients were included in this study. The healthcare professionals were chosen by a convenience sampling method and were then interviewed. The empirical interview results were substantiated with the interpretive findings which were in the form of verbatim statements extracted directly from the research questionnaire. Linkage between the dependable variable (prescription) and independent variables (manufacturing company; product composition; cost of product; medical representative and peers) were established and analysed. The research revealed that prescription behaviour is an important construct which can be measured in medical practices. Prescription behaviour is correlated with positive business and medical outcomes and manufacturing companies are able to exert influence over it through the identified variables. Of these variables, efficacy of vii a product, trusted manufacturing company and the medical representatives were found to have direct and significant effects. Healthcare professionals tend to prescribe a specialised infant formula if they have seen results and trust the outcome of the product. It is advisable for manufacturing companies to exert great effort before appointing a medical representative, to make sure that the right candidate represents the face of the company.
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Schwartz, Olivia Rae. "Determination of the Capacity Building Framework that Support a Collaborative Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85832.
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Over half of U.S. adults, roughly 117 million individuals, suffer from at least one preventable chronic disease, such as obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and certain types of cancer. Epidemiological studies suggest that fruit and vegetable intake may be protective against these diseases, yet it is estimated that less than one-quarter of the population meets current fruit and vegetable recommendations. Low consumption rates may be attributed to lower income, food insecurity, and poor access and availability to fruits and vegetables. As a result, access to affordable and nutritious foods and beverages, particularly in underserved communities, such as “food deserts,” has become a national priority. An emerging strategy to address this is prescription programs, whereby physicians provide prescriptions or vouchers for fruit and vegetables to clients to encourage increased consumption, implemented in the form of the Farmacy Garden, which was the result of collaboration between multiple agencies. For collaborative efforts to be able to implement and sustain their shared goals, partnering individuals, agencies, and organizations need to first have the capacity or the potential to build capacity as a ‘unit.’ The purpose of this study was to concretely examine different factors and domains within Matachi’s Capacity Building Framework related to the Farmacy Garden in order to replicate the program in other locations. This framework conceptualizes organizational capacity building as dependent (and interdependent) on three different domains - individual, organizational, and environment. The study utilized semi-structured, openended interviews to ascertain concrete factors of organizational capacity building present at each level among Farmacy Garden collaborative project stakeholders (n=7). Interviews with six stakeholders (85.7% response rate) ranged in length from thirty-two minutes to one hour and twenty minutes. Common themes were coded separately by two members of the research team, first for overall recurring themes and second, to reveal connections between themes. Relevant quotes were identified and any discrepancies between researchers were resolved. Common themes often crossed over different levels, such as time, beliefs, values, and attitudes and inter-organizational linkages/partnerships, attitudes, and relationships, highlighting the inter-dependence of various factors across domains of capacity building. In addition to identifying specific factors that were necessary for the creation and sustainability of the Farmacy Program, the analysis revealed the importance of a “shared belief and value system.” In other words, individuals and organizations “valorized” this project in different ways than more traditional programs and/or interventions. The findings of this study can help guide leadership in cultivating relationships and new benchmarks to ensure transparency in project goals, in addition to time and physical resources, as well as inform the organizational capacity research area within nutrition and food systems fields.<br>Master of Science
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Stirling, Gordon John. "Elder Stephen L. Richards on peace and war : an examination of Elder Richards' views on the causes of war and his prescription for peace, based on the analytical framework contained in Kenneth N. Waltz' _M_a_n,__t_h_e__s_t_a_t_e__a_n_d__w_a_r /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1985. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTNZ,22838.
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Stirling, Gordon John. "Elder Stephen L. Richards on Peace and War: An Examination of Elder Richards' Views on the Causes of War and his Prescription for Peace, Based on the Analytical Framework Contained in Kenneth N. Waltz' Man, the State and War." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1985. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5143.
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In Man, the State and War, Kenneth N. Waltz claims that for a peace prescription to be valid, it must be based on a proper view of the causes of war. Waltz analyzes the validity of three basic causes of war: man himself, the characteristics of the nation-state, and the international system.I have examined the views of Elder Stephen L Richards on peace and war in the context of the Waltz framework. Elders Richards believed that the failings of men were the primary causes of war. His prescription for peace was widespread acceptance of the Gospel. He disagreed with the Waltz view that men are unchanging and that peace plans based on the reform of men are futile. Elder Richards' views coincided with Waltz' that democracies are more likely to be peaceful than dictatorships. He recognized, too, that aspects of the international system contribute to conflict. Elder Richards was ambivalent, however, about the prospects of the Gospel being accepted by enough people for peace to be established.
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Trhlík, Lukáš. "Prodejní a servisní centrum Praha – stavebně technologický projekt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225401.
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In this diploma thesis deals with execution of ground works, foundation constructions, steel and armored concrete monolithic framework of the sales and service center in Prague. Establishment of the building will be done on armored concrete basement feet, strips and basement plate. The building is desinged in part as a steel framework and in part as a armored concrete framework. The building technological project contains for the phases primarily time and financial plan of object, technology prescription, time schedule, budget, model of the building site accessories, model of the machines, check and test plan, safety plan.
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Devadula, Suman. "Sustainability by Design : A Descriptive Model of Interaction and a Prescriptive Framework for Intervention." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/2751.
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Introduction: Sustainability is humanity’s collective ability to sustain development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. Preceding closely to the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) Report of 1987, the General Assembly has adopted the UN Declaration, in 1986 [GA RES. 41/128] and has re-emphasized its importance in the UN Millennium Declaration, 2000. Given this anthropocentric rights basis of sustainability it becomes necessary to understand what this ability and development are with respect to the individual human. Problems of relevance, whose resolution benefits more people in general, are often intractable to the methods of rigorous problem-solving (1). Systemic problems of development score high on relevance, low on being amenable to rigor (1) and are considered wicked in nature (2). Consequently, the concern for sustaining human development is wicked and hence calls for taking a design approach as design is considered good at resolving wicked problems(3). This suggests that the collective ability for sustainability with respect to the individual is design ability i.e. to specify solutions that satisfy requirements arising from having to meet self-determined individual (human) developmental needs. However, literature connecting design, sustainability and human development systemically is found lacking and calls for conducting integrative trans-disciplinary research.
Prevention and remedial of consequences of technology to the habitability of earth requires the identification, understanding and control of interactions between humans and between humans and the earth systems. These interactions need to be identified generally and understood systemically in the context of being able to sustain human development. However, despite this need for research in interactions and an integrative framework for informing interventions (4) to prevent or remedy unsustainable situations literature that addresses this need is found inadequate.
Research Objective: To develop a descriptive model of interaction to be able to identify and describe interactions and understand interactions at human-scale. To develop a prescriptive framework within which to situate the prevention and remedial of problems related to un sustainability by design and prescribe conditions that ensure coherence of design interventions to principles.
Research Method: As is the nature of problems of relevance, the proposed research by nature spans multiple disciplines. Descriptive inquiry into widespread literature spanning conservation, development, systems theory and design is conducted before synthesizing a descriptive model of interaction that situates design cycle as a natural cycle based on interpretation of entropy and Gestalt theory of human perception. A manual discourse analysis of a section of the WCED report is undertaken to inquire into the conceptual system (worldview) behind sustainable development to understand human interactions based on worldview. Addressing the need for choosing alternative goals of development for sustainability, Sen’s capability approach to human development is adopted after critically reviewing literature in this area and synthesizing an appropriate integration of design ability, tools, (cognitive) extension and design capability for human development. Models based on theories spanning design expertise, psychology and systems thinking are reviewed and synthesized into a prescriptive framework and two intervention scenarios based on it. The framework, intervention scenarios and the model are illustrated with evidence from qualitative bibliographic analysis of several cases related to sustaining human development in principle.
Results: Sustainability is proposed as a human ability; this human ability is proposed to be design ability to sustain human development. A descriptive model of interaction that situates anthropogenic action as a design cycle is proposed. Based on this model, identifying entities and interactions is demonstrated with examples. It is proposed that humans interact, designing, due to and based on their worldview. Expansion of capabilities as stated in capability approach to lead to human development is ‘extension’ of design ability to design capability mediated by tools. Personal and interpersonal interactions at human scale are described through tool-use categories. A prescriptive framework for sustainability by design that holds human needs as central to interventions for sustainability is proposed. Based on this framework, pro-active and reactive scenarios of design intervention for prevention and remedial of un sustainability are constructed and demonstrated using several cases.
Summary: Problems of relevance like sustaining human development are wicked in nature and require knowledge and action mutually informing each other. Addressing the inter-disciplinary nature of the problem requires a design approach as design is known to integrate knowledge from several disciplines to resolve wicked problems. The imperative to be able to sustain human development provides the widest profile of requirements to be met and design is shown to be central to meeting these requirements at the various scales that they surface. Sustainability is defined as humanity’s collective ability to develop meeting needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations for meeting their own needs. This collective ability translates to the individual’s design ability to specify solutions that satisfy requirements arising out of having to meet self-determined developmental needs. The process of ‘expansion’ -- of capabilities that free people choose and value – that realizes human development is the process of tools affording the extension of design ability to design capability necessary for progressively satisfying requirements arising out of self-determined needs of increasing complexity. It is proposed that humans interact, designing based on and due to their worldview. Personal and interpersonal interactions at human scale are described through tool-use categories. A prescriptive framework for sustainability by design is developed stating conditions to guide systemic design interventions for preventing and remedying unsustainability within pro-active and reactive scenarios respectively. A descriptive model of interaction is developed to situate and enable understanding of interactions. The framework, scenarios and the model are illustrated using several cases related to sustaining human development.
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Yang, Daw-Chyuan, and 楊道全. "Framework Establishment of Prescription Information System for Plant Protection." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35690875865464057253.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>農業企業經營管理碩士在職專班<br>103<br>The purpose of the study was to reduce pesticide hazards by proper use of a pesticide prescribed by a certified personnel and to achieve effective control of plant diseases. To control plant diseases, farmers have to apply pesticides. However, farmers often lack professional training and tend to over-apply pesticides or apply them inappropriately, both resulting in high residues on crops. To solve these problems, safe and effective use of pesticides recommended by well-trained professionals is critical for integrated pest management.
The author tries to establish a framework that can help plant health care professionals and farmers by providing proper diagnosis of plant disease, to avoid inappropriate use of pesticides and thus, to achieve agricultural sustainability and food safety.
A prescription issued by a well-trained professional shall include date, creator, farmer, pesticide name, usage, method, gap days and diagnosis. As such, farmers will follow appropriate instructions when applying pesticides and plant diseases can be effectively managed.
Appropriate diagnosis is the key to applying pesticides correctly and effectively. To achieve appropriate diagnosis, the author suggests three steps. First of all, a plant heath care personnel and farmers have to rely on symptomatology; secondly, putative diagnosis will be checked with documented images stored in a assisting diagnosis system; thirdly, correct diagnosis will be discussed with a farmer.
The crop-disease system is provides a platform that integrates the writing prescription system and assisting correct diagnosis system. The assisting diagnosis system can export the diagnosis result to the writing prescription system automatically. The system can display the symptom images in the writing prescription system if the farmers have any doubts on the result of the diagnosis.
Through collaborative efforts between farmers and certified professionals, the described system will help farmers achieve pest management by investing fewer cost and to achieve greater return. Thus, farmers, pesticide sellers, and the society will be all beneficial. Both the writing prescription system and the assisting diagnosis system can help farmers to solve plant diseases effectively. The author intends to create initiative information systems to forecast and track plant diseases, or to schedule application of pesticdes.
Books on the topic "Prescriptive framework"
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Salminen, Pekka. Descriptive and prescriptive modelling of preferences within a discrete alternative multiple criteria decision framework. University of Jyväskylä, 1992.
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Stana, Richard M. Prescription drugs: Strategic framework would promote accountability and enhance efforts to enforce the prohibitions on personal importation : report to Congressional requesters. Government Accountability Office, 2005.
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The administration's prescription drug proposal: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, May 11, 2000. U.S. G.P.O., 2001.
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Goodhart, Michael. Getting Real? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190692421.003.0004.
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Chapter 3 engages with realist political theory throughcritical dialogues with leading realist theorists. It argues that realist political theories are much more susceptible to conservatism, distortion, and idealization than their proponents typically acknowledge. Realism is often not very realistic either in its descriptions of the world or in its political analysis. While realism enables the critical analysis of political norms (the analysis of power and unmasking of ideology), it cannot support substantive normative critique of existing social relations or enable prescriptive theorizing. These two types of critique must be integrated into a single theoretical framework to facilitate emancipatory social transformation.
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More, Alison. Creating a Textual Identity? Pastoralia and Models of Tertiary Life. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807698.003.0005.
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The canonical framework for tertiary orders had been established and given official recognition by the early fifteenth century. Nevertheless, this does not seem to have had an effect on how non-monastic women perceived themselves. While there is evidence that the number of houses that professed a rule associated with an order increased at this time, as was made clear earlier in this study, the popularity of the rule cannot be equated with the spread of an order. This chapter gives particular attention to the many discrepancies in what is often thought of as order identity. It focuses specifically on the inconsistencies between Observant ‘master narratives’, or prescriptive texts, and pastoralia. It also looks at the concept of identity and discusses how this is established.
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Smithson, Michael. Human Understandings of Probability. Edited by Alan Hájek and Christopher Hitchcock. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607617.013.29.
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In this chapter developments in theories and research on human understandings and judgements of probability are examined. The concept of probability as a degree of belief and the systematic study of human probability judgements have emerged only recently, but have stimulated numerous fruitful debates about the nature of rationality, belief formation, decision-making, and uncertainty itself. The chapter begins with a review of how the connection between probability and degrees of belief was developed and elaborated to form a prescriptive framework, followed by a brief summary of debates concerning rationality and uncertainty. It then surveys models of human probability judgements based on probability weighting functions, ways in which these judgements depend on how relevant information is presented, mental shortcuts (or “heuristics”) underpinning such judgements, the extent to which probability judgements are miscalibrated, fallacies in judgements of probabilities of compound and conditional events, and debates concerning the effective communication of probabilistic information.
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Schmitt, Michael N. The Use of Cyber Force and International Law. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0053.
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This chapter focuses on the use of cyber force on and off the battlefield within the framework of international law. Drawing on the work of the Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare (2013), it considers the jus ad bellum issues surrounding cyber operations. In particular, it examines when cyber operations violate the prohibition on the use (or threat) of force set forth in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter and customary international law, and when a state that has been the target of cyber operations may retaliate with its own use of force. The chapter also discusses two exceptions to the prohibition on the use of force under Article 51 of the UN Charter, one of which is the exercise of the right of self-defence. Finally, it analyses state interpretations of international law’s prescriptive norms regarding the use of force when applied to cyberspace.
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Dineen, Kelly K., and Adam J. Ruggles. Legal Regulation of Prescription Opioids and Prescribers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199981830.003.0002.
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Prescribing opioids and other controlled substances is challenging on myriad levels. Beyond the complexities and uncertainties of evaluating and treating patients in pain, the legal landscape is increasingly complicated. Even within the already highly regulated health care environment, opioid prescribing involves additional legal and regulatory constraints. This chapter provides an overview of the legal frameworks for opioid prescribing, including a brief history of opioid regulation in general and for addiction treatment. The federal Controlled Substances Act, Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the federal agencies charged with enforcement are reviewed. The chapter also outlines the function, scope, and authority of state professional licensure boards. Clarified definitions of misprescribing are offered and a framework for classifying misprescribers is suggested. Finally, the penalties providers may face for misprescribing in civil court, licensure and discipline actions, and federal and state criminal legal actions are explained.
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Lawson, Gary, and Guy I. Seidman. Deference. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190273408.001.0001.
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Deference is perhaps the most important concept and practice in law. It lies at the core of every system of precedent, appellate review, federalism, and separation of powers, all of which center on how one actor should deal with previous decisions. Oddly enough, deference is also one of the most underanalyzed and undertheorized legal concepts and practices, perhaps because its applications are so varied. This book’s goal is to provide a definition of and vocabulary for deference that can be used to describe, explain, and/or criticize deference in all of its manifestations in the law, including some manifestations that are not always identified by legal actors as instances of deference, such as practices of precedent in which institutional actors consider their own prior decisions. This book undertakes a descriptive and conceptual, not normative or critical, analysis of deference. It leaves to others the question whether deference, in any particular context, is “legitimate” or “bad,” and it does not seek to prescribe whether and how any legal system should apply deference in any specific circumstance or to critique any particular deference doctrines. Rather, it hopes to bring the very concept of deference to the forefront of legal discussion; to identify, catalogue, and analyze at least the chief among its many legal applications; to set forth the many and varied rationales that can be and have been offered in support of (some species of) deference in different legal contexts; and thereby to provide a vocabulary and conceptual framework that can be employed in future projects, whether those projects are descriptive or prescriptive. While this book draws its material almost entirely from American law and practice, we hope in future work, perhaps with the help of other scholars, to expand the study to include the law and practice in other countries and particularly in non-common-law legal systems.
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Giulia, Pinzauti. Part III The Right to Justice, C Restrictions on Rules of Law Justified By Action to Combat Impunity, Principle 23 Restrictions on Prescription. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743606.003.0027.
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Principle 23 deals with statutory limitations (prescription, in French) aimed at protecting defendants from stale claims that might be difficult to counter. Statutory limitations refer to legal norms that regulate the effects of the passage of time in domestic systems. In criminal law, they provide for a maximum timeframe, or prescription period, within which criminal proceedings can be instituted or sentences enforced. The passage of time makes the gathering of evidence more difficult and may also reduce the effectiveness of criminal prosecution. Significant delays in criminal action may thus impair the accused’s right to a fair trial. Furthermore, criminal proceedings tend to lose legitimacy as time passes. After providing a contextual and historical background on Principle 23, this chapter discusses its theoretical framework and how the statutory limitations have been applied in practice under multilateral treaties, domestic legislation and case-law. It also examines the practice of United Nations organs.
Book chapters on the topic "Prescriptive framework"
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de Aguiar, Marcos, Fabíola Greve, and Genaro Costa. "PrescStream: A Framework for Streaming Soft Real-Time Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2017. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62392-4_24.
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Rege, Nirmala N., and Raakhi K. Tripathi. "Prescription Communication Using 5-R Framework." In Effective Medical Communication. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3409-6_7.
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Dong, Dong, Zhaohao Sun, and Feng Gao. "PCOPM: A Probabilistic CBR Framework for Obesity Prescription Management." In Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications. With Aspects of Artificial Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14932-0_12.
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Zimmermann, Reinhard, and Jens Kleinschmidt. "Prescription: General Framework and Special Problems Concerning Damages Claims." In Tort and Insurance Law. Springer Vienna, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-77992-7_2.
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Klippel, R. Eugene, Max L. Densmore, and Robert L. Anderson. "A Framework for an Empirically Based Public Policy Decision Model…An Integrated Research Approach to the Prescription Drug Industry." In Proceedings of the 1982 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16946-0_159.
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Morrison, Evan, Aditya K. Ghose, Hoa Dam, Alex Menzies, and Katayoun Khodaei. "Declarative Service Modeling through Adaptive Case Management." In Advances in Web Technologies and Engineering. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5884-4.ch007.
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Adaptive case management addresses the shift away from the prescriptive process-centric view of operations towards a declarative framework for operational descriptions that promotes dynamic task selection in knowledge-intensive operations. A key difference between prescriptive services and declarative services is the way by which control flow is defined. Repeatable and straight-thru processes have been successfully used to model and optimise simple activity-based value chains. Increasingly, traditional process modeling techniques are being applied to knowledge intensive activities with often poor outcomes. By taking an adaptive case management approach to knowledge-intensive services, it is possible to model and execute workflows such as medical protocols that have previously been too difficult to describe with typical BPM frameworks. In this chapter, the authors describe an approach to design-level adaptive case management leveraging off existing repositories' semantically annotated business process models.
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Hadzilias, Elias A., and Andrea Carugati. "Bridging User Requirements and Cultural Objects." In Electronic Services. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-967-5.ch019.
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This chapter aims at defining a framework for the design of e-government services on cultural heritage. Starting from an analysis of three cases on digitisation of different types of cultural objects the authors highlight the problems existing in the creation of e-services on cultural heritage. These cases show the existence of four key issues in the development of this kind of information systems: digitisation, requirements engineering, standardization, and interoperability. The proposed framework addresses these issues focusing on the user requirements and the cultural object representation. Dynamic content exchange requires the use of a prescriptive framework for the development of cultural heritage Web sites. This chapter provides such a framework using observation from concrete applications and knowledge of information systems development methodologies.
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Garrigan, Scott R. "Frameworks for Integration of Future-Oriented Computational Thinking in K-12 Schools." In Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1479-5.ch003.
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Computational thinking (CT) K-12 curricula and professional development should prepare students for their future, but historically, such curricula have limited success. This chapter offers historical analogies and ways that CT curricula may have a stronger and more lasting impact. Two frameworks are central to the chapter's arguments. The first recalls Seymour Papert's original description of CT as a pedagogy with computing playing a formative role in young children's thinking; the computer was a tool to think with (1980, 1996). This “thinking development” framework emphasized child-centered, creative problem solving to foster deep engagement and understanding. Current CT seems to include creativity only tangentially. The second framework encompasses emergent machine learning and data concepts that will become pervasive. This chapter, more prescriptive than empirical, suggests ways that CT and requisite professional development could be more future-focused and more successful. It could be titled “Seymour Papert meets Machine Learning.”
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Garrigan, Scott R. "Frameworks for Integration of Future-Oriented Computational Thinking in K-12 Schools." In Research Anthology on Computational Thinking, Programming, and Robotics in the Classroom. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2411-7.ch003.
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Computational thinking (CT) K-12 curricula and professional development should prepare students for their future, but historically, such curricula have limited success. This chapter offers historical analogies and ways that CT curricula may have a stronger and more lasting impact. Two frameworks are central to the chapter's arguments. The first recalls Seymour Papert's original description of CT as a pedagogy with computing playing a formative role in young children's thinking; the computer was a tool to think with (1980, 1996). This “thinking development” framework emphasized child-centered, creative problem solving to foster deep engagement and understanding. Current CT seems to include creativity only tangentially. The second framework encompasses emergent machine learning and data concepts that will become pervasive. This chapter, more prescriptive than empirical, suggests ways that CT and requisite professional development could be more future-focused and more successful. It could be titled “Seymour Papert meets Machine Learning.”
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Andrea, Carugati, and Hadzilias Elias. "Development Of E-Government Services For Cultural Heritage." In Human Computer Interaction. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-87828-991-9.ch035.
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This article is aimed at defining a framework for the design of e-government services on cultural heritage. Starting from an analysis of three cases on digitization of different types of cultural objects, we highlight the problems existing in the creation of e-services on cultural heritage. These cases show the existence of four key issues in the development of this kind of information systems: digitization, requirement engineering, standardization, and interoperability. The proposed framework addresses these issues, focusing on the user requirements on one side, and the cultural object representation—which is the key to interoperability— on the other. In the cultural domain, the EU Lisbon strategy pushes for the compatibility of shared content across multiple, locally generated contents. Dynamic content exchange requires the use of a prescriptive framework for the development of cultural heritage Web sites. This article provides such a framework, using observation from concrete applications, knowledge of information systems development methodologies, and the IDEF0 modelling method.
Conference papers on the topic "Prescriptive framework"
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Choubey, Suresh, Ryan Benton, and Tom Johnsten. "Prescriptive Equipment Maintenance: A Framework." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdata47090.2019.9006213.
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Morais, Carlos H. B., Danilo T. M. P. Abreu, Joaquim Santos, Marcos C. Maturana, Danilo Colombo, and Marcelo R. Martins. "The Influence of Non-Prescriptive Legislation in the Evolution of Offshore Well Integrity Practices: An Exploratory Review." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96269.
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Abstract Among the stochastic tools and risk analysis techniques, ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable) concept has proved to be the most influential guidance regarding the development of regulations and standards of the offshore industry in terms of risk assessment and consequently of equipment integrity. The reasons for that can be traced back to early seventies, when the British Health and Safety Executive (HSE) released its seminal document “The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974”. The 1974 Act was the first regulation to adopt a non-prescriptive approach as a basis to configure the ruling legislation of industrial activities. Since then, risk analysis methods have encountered a vast field of opportunities in the wide range of options proportionated by such framework. In this sense, the Safety Case and the NORSOK standards play a significant role in the non-prescriptive approach application in the offshore industry. The present work discusses the influence of these two frameworks in the definition of the current Brazilian offshore legislation, especially in terms of the design, tests, and monitoring of the so called Solidary Well Barriers throughout the well life cycle. The United States legislation, largely reviewed after the Macondo accident, will be used to counterpoint the prescriptive and non-prescriptive approaches.
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Hess, John T., and Ricardo Valerdi. "Test and evaluation of a SoS using a prescriptive and adaptive testing framework." In 2010 5th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sysose.2010.5544070.
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Wood, William H., and Alice M. Agogino. "A Prescription for Information Prospecting, Data Mining, and Design Refinement." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dtm-3900.
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Abstract We present a prescriptive methodology for conceptual design based on a process of information gathering and refinement. While these activities are generic to conceptual design, a mathematical framework is developed toward structuring the design space, approximating the design space by generalizing design data, and formalizing the iterative process of narrowing the design space while refining the level detail in the design specification. As a prescription for conceptual design, this method formalizes the conceptual design process around a key tradeoff — the value to be gained by making design commitments balanced against the reduction in size of design space these commitments bring. Because conceptual design decisions carry tremendous leverage through to all downstream processes, formalizing conceptual design toward reducing arbitrary design decisions and focusing attention on the most critical design concerns holds the potential to improve greatly the ultimate product of the overall design process.
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John, Indu, Ravikumar Karumanchi, and Shalabh Bhatnagar. "Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics for Performance Optimization: Framework and a Case Study on a Large-Scale Enterprise System." In 2019 18th IEEE International Conference On Machine Learning And Applications (ICMLA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmla.2019.00152.
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Fontana, Rafaela Mantovani, Sheila Reinehr, and Andreia Malucelli. "Progressive Outcomes: is it a handy approach to support agile methods process improvement?" In XIV Simpósio Brasileiro de Qualidade de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbqs.2015.15216.
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While software engineering relies on reference models, such as CMMI-DEV, to improve its processes and gain maturity; agile teams that wish to sustain agility demand other guidelines to drive improvements. To address this need, in a previous study we have proposed the Progressive Outcomes Framework as a result of a research about how real agile teams evolve in agility. Although we could describe agile maturing mechanisms, we lacked a perception of how handy out approach would be to guide improvements. The objective of this study was, thus, to identify agile practitioners’ perception about the framework. We performed a survey with agile practitioners in Brazilian conferences and analyzed collected data using descriptive statistics. Results show that agile practitioners feel comfortable in following non- prescriptive guidelines, but they still lack guidance on how to improve in agility.
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Takai, Shun, Swithin S. Razu, and Karan Banga. "A Decision-Analytic Concept Selection for a Commercial System Using Objective Data to Model Uncertainty." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86771.
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This paper presents decision-analytic concept selection framework for a commercial system and an uncertainty modeling using objective data. The selection of a system concept for which a final system is designed and manufactured is a decision making process with incomplete information. Decision analysis is a prescriptive approach for decision making under uncertainty. While realizing that humans make decisions violating the expected utility axioms, decision analysis uses a set of tools to guide a decision maker toward an unbiased and rational decision making. The objective of this research is to propose a decision-analytic framework for commercial system concept selection, and an approach to utilize as much objective data as possible in the uncertainty modeling. Toward this objective, this paper construct cost distribution using case-based reasoning and market share distribution applying bootstrap to customers’ preference data obtained from conjoint analysis. The proposed approach is demonstrated in an illustrative example: a decision-analytic automobile concept selection.
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Zeiler, Wim, Perica Savanovic, and Emile Quanjel. "Integral Design: The Reflective Morphological Overview." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34384.
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Integral Building Design is done by multi disciplinary design teams and aims at integrating all aspects from the different disciplines involved in a design for a building such as; archtitecture, construction, building physics and building services. It involves information exchange between participants within the design process in amounts not yet known before. To support this highly complex process an Integral Building Design methods is developed based on the combination of a prescriptive approach, Methodical Design, and a descriptive approach, Reflective practice. Starting from the Methodical Design approach by van den Kroonenberg, a more reflective approach is developed. The use of Integral Design within the design process results in a transparency on the taken design steps and the design decisions. Within the design process, the extended prescriptive methodology is used as a framework for reflection on design process itself. To ensure a good information exchange between different disciplines during the conceptual phase of design a functional structuring technique can be used; Morphological Overviews (MO). Morphology provides a structure to give an overview of the consider functions and their solution alternatives. By using this method it is presumed that it helps to structure the communication between the design team members and a such forms a basis for reflection on the design results by the design team members. This method is used in the education program at the Technische Universiteit Eindhoven and was tested in workshops for students and for professionals from the Royal Institute of Dutch Architects (BNA) and the Dutch Association of Consulting Engineers (ONRI). Over 250 professionals participated in these workshops.
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Ghisbain, Pierre, Jenny Sideri, Reyhaneh Abbasi, Luciana Balsamo, Reza Imani, and Ali Ashrafi. "Potential Insights from Performance-Based Design of Fire Protection in Tall Buildings." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0321.
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<p>Analysis of the structural performance under realistic fire scenarios makes Performance Based Fire Engineering (PBFE) particularly suited to design fire protection of tall buildings. In this paper, the impact of using the PBFE method is studied using a standard tall building as an example. The parametric temperature- time curves recommended in Eurocode 1 are used to define the fire loads. The thermal and mechanical response of the building to the imposed fire loading is subsequently analyzed by means of a finite element model of the mixed-use tower. Particular care is devoted to analyzing the performance of a steel truss at a transfer level, to study potential global effects of a local fire, effects that are not studied or understood within the prescriptive design framework.</p>
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Trbojevic, Vladimir M. "ALARP Principle and Design." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28398.
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The safety framework in most of the industries is based on some kind of goal setting principle, where the safety goals are postulated and not the means of achieving those. This framework has the advantage over the old prescriptive approach to safety, since it not only allows innovation but also encourages more efficient design. The important aspects of goal setting approach is a method (risk criteria) by which the results of a risk analysis can be interpreted in terms of recommendations on the tolerability of the overall facility risk and the optimum design, and the extent to which taking further measures to improve the design and reduce the risk may be justified. In other words, risk criteria should not just drive the risk to the level which is as low as practicable, but should also inspire a designer to seek an optimum design. One such “method” is embodied in the Tolerability Doctrine in the UK in form of the ALARP Principle. This paper sets to explore the ways in which the application of ALARP Principle facilitate search for an optimum design.
Reports on the topic "Prescriptive framework"
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Mendell, Mark J., and William J. Fisk. Developing evidence-based prescriptive ventilation rate standards for commercial buildings in California: a proposed framework. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1164281.
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