Academic literature on the topic 'Presencia (Mexico City)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Presencia (Mexico City)"
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Cruz-Arroyo, Vianney Berenice, and Irene Casique-Rodríguez. "Violencia laboral. Análisis de los factores de riesgo y consecuencias en la vida de las mujeres trabajadoras en la Ciudad de México." Papeles de Población 25, no. 102 (December 31, 2019): 51–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22185/24487147.2019.102.32.
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Este artículo analiza la prevalencia de cuatro tipos de violencia contra las mujeres que se presen- tan en el ámbito laboral, enuncia algunos factores de riesgo asociados con la presencia de tales situaciones violentas y explora la posible conjunción entre las experiencias de violencia laboral y la severidad de algunos padecimientos físicos o psicológicos que presentan mujeres trabajadoras en la Ciudad de México. El artículo está basado en los resultados de una encuesta aplicada a una muestra intencional, no probabilística, de mujeres trabajadoras en empresas e instituciones gubernamentales estatales y federales en la Ciudad de México.
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Montalvo Arrieta, J. C., E. Reinoso Angulo, and F. J. Sánchez Sesma. "Observations of strong ground motion at hill sites in Mexico City from recent earthquakes." Geofísica Internacional 42, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2003.42.2.265.
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Se presentan resultados del estudio de la respuesta sísmica de las estaciones de la Red Acelerométrica de la ciudad de México localizadas en la zona de lomas. Se analizaron siete sismos provenientes de diferentes fuentes sismogénicas, con magnitudes entre 5.9 y 7.3. Existe una sensible dependencia de la respuesta sísmica en las estaciones con respecto a las características del terremoto (magnitud, acimut, distancia epicentral y profundidad). Los sismos provenientes de la costa concentran su mayor energía en frecuencias menores de 1 Hz. Mientras que sismos intraplaca en frecuencias mayores de 1 Hz. El análisis de los acelerogramas en el dominio del tiempo muestra dos tipos significantes de amplificación: Regional (estaciones localizadas al suroeste de la zona de lomas presentan mayores amplificaciones que las localizadas al norte de la ciudad) y local (las estaciones localizadas en la zona suroeste presentan una mayor amplificación respecto a CU). Se realizaron además cocientes espectrales de las estaciones localizadas en la parte central y suroeste respecto a la estación Estanzuela (ES), localizada en la zona norte de la ciudad. La comparación de estos cocientes espectrales muestra que existen amplificaciones relativas hasta de cuatro veces entre algunas de las estaciones localizadas en la zona suroeste de la ciudad en el rango de frecuencias de 1 a 3 Hz. Estos efectos observados se pueden deber a la presencia de material mucho más suave debajo de los flujos de lava donde se localizan las estaciones.
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Zamora Macorra, Mireya, and Rosa Georgina Pérez-Castillo. "DOMESTIC WORK, OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND DEPRESSION IN NURSES AT A PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN MEXICO CITY." Horizonte de enfermeria 33, no. 3 (2022): 300–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/horiz_enferm.33.3.300-312.
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OBJETIVO: Identificar el efecto del doméstico en la presencia de depresión en enfermeras de un hospital público de la Ciudad de México. ANTECEDENTES: El trabajo doméstico realizado principalmente por mujeres sumado a las exigencias del trabajo se asocia con la posibilidad de desarrollar trastornos mentales, especialmente depresión. INTRODUCCIÓN: Las condiciones de trabajo tienen impacto en la salud física y mental de las enfermeras. La participación en actividades domésticas aumenta el desgaste de los trabajadores. MÉTODOS: La investigación tuvo un diseño transversal con una muestra aleatoria de 329 enfermeras de un hospital de tercer nivel de la Ciudad de México. El estrés laboral y el trabajo doméstico fueron evaluados con los cuestionarios Escala de Estrés de Enfermería y la Encuesta Individual de Salud del Trabajador (PROESSAT). Para la depresión se utilizó la subescala DASS-21. Las asociaciones se analizaron mediante modelos de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: La posibilidad de sufrir depresión fue 7 veces mayor para las mujeres dedicadas al trabajo doméstico. Experimentar la muerte, la falta de apoyo y tener un trabajo adicional aumentó su asociación. Discusión: El conflicto trabajo-familia, así como la falta de apoyo, se asocia a síntomas depresivos en enfermeros. CONCLUSIÓN: Existe la necesidad de implementar programas estratégicos que proporcionen a los enfermeros herramientas para enfrentar el conflicto trabajo-familia. Es necesario ofrecer condiciones laborales más favorables en el ejercicio de la enfermería.
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Espinoza Toledo, Ricardo, and Juan Pablo Navarrete Vela. "El desempeño electoral de Morena (2015-2016)." Intersticios Sociales, no. 15 (March 1, 2018): 241–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.55555/is.15.224.
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El texto analiza la irrupción de Morena en las elecciones de 2015 y 2016. Evalúa los resultados en tres ámbitos de competencia: diputados federales, en la Ciudad de México y 21 procesos electorales para renovar gobernadores. A través de diferentes indicadores se mide la atracción de votos de Morena por medio de los porcentajes de votos y se contrasta con el Coeficiente de Desempeño Electoral (CDE) para analizar, precisamente, su presencia electoral. El artículo también clasifica el nivel de competitividad en las elecciones de ambos años por medio del Índice Compuesto de Competitividad (ICC). Aunque se trata de un partido que en 2015 participó en su primera competencia política, los resultados permiten ubicar sus avances en la CDMX y observar los retos organizativos que tiene en el resto del país. The electoral performance of MORENA (2015-2016) This text analyzes the incursion of a new political party –MORENA– in elections in Mexico in 2015 and 2016, by evaluating results in three areas of government: federal congressmen, representatives in Mexico City, and gubernatorial processes in 21 states. Using a series of indicators, MORENA'S appeal to voters is measured by the percentage of ballots cast in its favor. Our results are then contrasted to the formal Electoral Performance Coefficient (CDE) in order to determine more precisely this party’s electoral presence. The article also classifies the level of competitiveness in the elections in both years by means of the Competitive Composite Index (ICC). Although 2015 marked the first occasion in which MORENA participated in political competition, results allow us to ascertain its advances in Mexico City and observe the organizational challenges it faces in the rest of the country. Keywords: MORENA, ICC, CDE, competitiveness
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Márquez Morfín, Lourdes, and María Viridiana Sosa Márquez. "Mortalidad de niños y sífilis congénita en la Ciudad de México en 1915 / Child Mortality and Congenital Syphilis in Mexico City in 1915." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v31i1.1507.
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En el presente estudio nos enfocamos en la estimación de la mortalidad infantil y el análisis sobre la causa de muerte relacionada con la sífilis congénita en la Ciudad de México en 1915. Las fuentes de información utilizadas son las estadísticas vitales de defunciones para ese año, que contienen información por edad, sexo y causa de muerte. Por otro lado, con el fin de corroborar la presencia de la sífilis congénita desde siglos atrás, describimos los resultados del análisis osteopatológico de una serie de 199 esqueletos de niños de diversas edades, incluyendo fetos, rescatados durante las excavaciones arqueológicas del convento de Santa Isabel, en la Ciudad de México, que revelan la presencia de este padecimiento en la población en el siglo xix. Estas dos fuentes de información contribuyen al estudio de la mortalidad infantil y de niños en dos momentos (siglo xix e inicios del xx) y brindan información sobre la frecuencia por edad y sexo. En específico nos interesa el caso de la sífilis congénita como causa de muerte registrada por los médicos, pues nos ha permitido identificar esta enfermedad como un problema común de salud pública. Los resultados revelan una alta mortalidad por dicha causa en el primer año de vida y hasta los cinco años, y diferenciales por sexo y edad. AbstractIn this study, we focus on the estimation of infant mortality and the analysis of the cause of death related to congenital syphilis in Mexico City in 1915. The sources of information used are the vital statistics of deaths for that year, which contain information by age, sex and cause of death. At the same time, in order to corroborate the presence of congenital syphilis centuries ago, we describe the results of the osteopathological analysis of a series of 199 skeletons of children of various ages, including fetuses, recovered during the archaeological excavations of the Convent of Santa Isabel in Mexico City, which reveal the presence of this disease in the population in the 19th century. These two sources of information contribute to the study of infant mortality and children at two moments (19th and early 20th century) and provide information on frequency by age and sex. In particular, we are interested in the case of congenital syphilis as a cause of death recorded by doctors, since it has allowed us to identify this disease as a common public health problem. The results reveal a high mortality from this cause during the first year of life and up to the age of five, with differences by sex and age.
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García, Brígida, and Orlandina De Oliveira. "Trabajo extradoméstico femenino y relaciones de género: una nueva mirada / Non Domestic Women’s Work and Gender Relations: a New Perspective." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v19i1.1198.
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El objetivo de este artículo es precisar la influencia del trabajo femenino extradoméstico sobre diversas dimensiones de las relaciones de género en el interior de las familias, teniendo en cuenta un conjunto de características sociodemográficas y de origen social de las mujeres. Las dimensiones de las relaciones de género analizadas son la participación de los esposos en las tareas domésticas y el cuidado de los hijos/as, la presencia de las mujeres en las decisiones importantes, su libertad de movimiento y la presencia o ausencia de violencia doméstica. La fuente de información utilizada es la Encuesta sobre Dinámica Familiar (Dinaf) llevada a cabo en la Ciudad de México y Monterrey hacia finales de los años noventa. El principal resultado de los modelos de regresión logística aplicados es que la experiencia laboral de las esposas después de casarse o unirse es la única variable que contribuye a explicar de manera significativa la presencia de relaciones más igualitarias en todas las dimensiones consideradas. AbstractThe aim of this paper is to determine the influence of non domestic women’s work on various aspects of gender relations within families, taking into account women’s sociodemographic characteristics and their social origin. The aspects of the gender relations analyzed include men’s participation in housework and child raising, the presence of women in key decisions, their freedom of movement and the presence or absence of domestic violence. The source of information used is the Survey on Family Dynamics (Dinaf) carried out in Mexico City and Monterrey in the late 1990s. The main result of the logistic regression models applied is that wives’ working experience after they marry or begin living with their partners is the only variable that significantly helps to explain the presence of more egalitarian relationships in all the aspects considered.
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Cornelio-Marí, Elia-Margarita. "Mexican children and American cartoons: Foreign references in animation." Comunicar 23, no. 45 (July 1, 2015): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c45-2015-13.
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This audience study explores how a group of children from Southeast Mexico, perceive the animated cartoon «Dexter’s Laboratory». The objective is to observe the ways in which a young local audience, still in the process of building its cultural identity, perceives an American television program. A qualitative approach was applied: 44 children between 8 and 11 years old participated in a series of semi-structured interviews and focus groups, which took place in a provincial city in Mexico (Villahermosa, Tabasco). In each session, the participants watched an episode of the cartoon dubbed into Latin Spanish. Afterwards, it was assessed if they were able to notice cultural elements present in the series (texts in English, traditions, ways of life, symbols, etc.), which are different from their own culture. It was also observed if age, gender and social background had any impact on the degree of awareness. The results showed that most of the participants were aware of beingthat they were watching a foreign program, that they could recognize elements of American culture and that they applied diverse strategies to make sense of these foreign narratives. Older children, and those studying English as a second language, were able to make more sophisticated comparisons between the cultures of Mexico and the United States.Este estudio sobre audiencias explora cómo un grupo de niños del sureste de México perciben los dibujos animados de «El laboratorio de Dexter». El objetivo primordial es conocer la manera en que un programa norteamericano distribuido internacionalmente es entendido por una audiencia local, especialmente por una conformada por individuos que aún están construyendo su identidad cultural. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo: un total de 44 niños en edades entre los 8 y 11 años participaron en una serie de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y grupos de discusión, que se llevaron a cabo en una ciudad de la provincia mexicana (Villahermosa, Tabasco). En cada sesión se observó un episodio de la serie animada doblada al español latino. Posteriormente, se evaluó si los participantes sabían que los dibujos animados eran norteamericanos y si notaban la presencia de elementos culturales diferentes respecto a su propia cultura (textos escritos en inglés, referencias a tradiciones, estilo de vida, símbolos, etc.). Asimismo, se indagó si la edad, el género y estrato social de proveniencia influían en esta percepción. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los participantes eran conscientes de estar viendo un programa extranjero, reconocían elementos de la cultura norteamericana y aplicaban diversas estrategias para crear sentido a estas narrativas. Niños mayores, y aquellos que estudian el idioma inglés, fueron capaces de realizar comparaciones más sofisticadas entre las culturas de México y Estados Unidos.
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Stamm, Caroline. "La democratización de la gestión de las plazas de comercio popular en el centro histórico de la Ciudad de México." Revista Trace, no. 51 (July 10, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.51.2007.409.
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En el centro histórico de la Ciudad de México, el Programa de Mejoramiento del Comercio Popular fue impulsado a principio de los años 90 con el fin de reubicar a los vendedores ambulantes en más de veinte plazas de comercio popular. A pesar del contexto nacional de democratización del sistema político y del cuestionamiento al corporativismo, esta política pública continúa situándose dentro de la regulación corporativista tradicional del ambulantaje, caracterizada por las negociaciones entre las autoridades políticas y las asociaciones de comerciantes ambulantes representadas por sus líderes. Sin embargo, la presencia reciente de nuevas asociaciones simpatizantes del PRD o independientes en el caso particular de las plazas comerciales populares, nos permite reflexionar sobre los cambios de las condiciones de gestión del comercio ambulante. Así mismo podemos postular una evolución hacia una acción pública multiforme.Abstract: At the beginning of the 90´s, the Program for the Improvement of Street Vending was implemented in the historical centre of Mexico City, with the objective of relocating street vendors in more than twenty popular commercial centres. Despite the national context of the democratization of the political system and the questioning of corporatism, this policy took place in the tradition of corporate regulation of street vending, characterized by the negotiations between political authorities and the leaders representing street vendors’ associations. Nevertheless, new associations, independents or sympathizers of the PRD, have more recently emerged, particularly in the case of popular commercial centers, which gives rise to debate on the changes to the conditions of public management of street vendors and speculate an evolution towards a multiform public action.Résumé : Dans le centre historique de Mexico, a été mis en place au début des années 90 le programme d’amélioration du commerce populaire dans le but de relocaliser les vendeurs ambulants dans une vingtaine de centres commerciaux populaires. En dépit du contexte national de démocratisation et de remise en cause du corporatisme, cette politique publique se situe dans la continuité de la régulation corporatiste traditionnelle du commerce ambulant, caractérisée par des négociations entre les pouvoirs publics et les associations de commerçants ambulants représentées par des leaders. Cependant, plus récemment, de nouvelles associations sympathisantes du PRD ou indépendantes sont apparues dans le cas particulier des centres de commerce populaires, ce qui nous permet de réfléchir sur les changements des conditions de gestion du commerce ambulant et de postuler une évolution en direction d’une action publique multiforme.
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Nava Preciado, José María. "Estudiar ingenierías: implicaciones desde las narrativas de un grupo de estudiantes." CPU-e, Revista de Investigación Educativa, no. 26 (April 23, 2018): 87–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/cpue.v0i26.2548.
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Este artículo examina las implicaciones de un grupo de estudiantes de ingeniería relacionadas con una serie de ideas, valores y códigos sobre sus atributos como estudiantes de estos campos formativos y las diferencias que establecen con jóvenes de otras profesiones. Explora qué tanto participan del estereotipo extendido de que las ingenierías son carreras de presencia mayoritariamente masculina. Es un estudio de carácter interpretativo que recupera la información aplicando entrevistas semiestructuradas, en el marco del evento Campus Party en la ciudad de Guadalajara, México, a jóvenes provenientes de 11 universidades del país. Las primeras pesquisas arrojan que nuestros jóvenes ven a las ingenierías como un área profesional que cultiva las capacidades personales y les garantiza un futuro laboral promisorio. Sin embargo, sus narrativas no comparten la imagen de las ingenierías para los hombres y tampoco se consideran estudiantes con atributos superiores a jóvenes de otras carreras. Studying engineering: implications from the narratives of group studentsAbstractThis paper examines the implications of a group of students of engineering related with a series of ideas, values and codes on their attributes as students of these fields, and the differences that have set with other students of different professions. Explore how much participation have in the widespread stereotype that in the engineering careers are mostly male. It is an interpretive study, to retrieve the information were used semi-structured interviews, within the framework of the campus party event in the city of Guadalajara, Mexico, to young people from 11 universities in the country. First investigations show that our young people see the engineering as a professional area that cultivated the personal capabilities and guarantees a promising future employment. However, their narratives do not share the image of “engineering for men” and are not considered as students with attributes higher than young people of other careers. Recibido: 24 de febrero de 2017Aceptado: 06 de diciembre de 2017
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García-Pérez, María Hilda, and Francisco Lara-Valencia. "Association between Neighborhood Parks and Leisure-time Physical Activity among Adult Mexican Women (Asociación entre parques de barrio y actividad física recreativa en mujeres mexicanas adultas)." Retos, no. 41 (January 25, 2021): 544–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i41.83409.
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Although an extensive literature in developed countries suggests that elements of the urban built environment stimulate physical activity with beneficial health effects, information about this link in developing countries is still scarce. This study examines whether women's leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with neighborhood socioeconomic status, presence of public parks, and sociodemographic and health characteristics of women living in a mid-size Mexican city. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association among a sample of adult women (N=1,285) in Hermosillo, Mexico. The analysis links two measures of LTPA to several metrics on park accessibility and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Twenty-two percent of women engaged in neighborhood-based physical activity (NPA), while 29% engaged in overall physical activity (OPA). After adjusting by neighborhood socioeconomic status and individual-level variables, parks density, park-to-people ratio, combined parks' service areas, or distance to the nearest park were not related with NPA and OPA. Neighborhood socioeconomic status was the only contextual variable with a significant influence on women's NPA (AOR 1.05; 95% CI 0.99-1.10) and OPA (AOR=1.06; 95% CI 1.01, 1.12). After controlling for neighborhood-level variables, women's age and education were also statistically associated with physical activity. Based on the indicators used in this study, findings do not support a connection between the presence of parks and women's physical activity in Hermosillo's neighborhoods.
Resumen. Aunque numerosos estudios en países desarrollados sugieren que algunos elementos del ambiente urbano construido estimulan la actividad física, con efectos benéficos sobre la salud, el estudio de esta relación sigue siendo escasa en países en desarrollo. Este estudio examina la asociación entre la actividad física recreativa (AFR), y el estatus socioeconómico del barrio, la presencia de parques públicos, y las características sociodemográficas y de salud de mujeres residentes de una ciudad mexicana de tamaño medio. El análisis usa una regresión logística multinivel para probar esta relación en una muestra de mujeres adultas (n=1,285) en Hermosillo, México. El análisis relaciona dos medidas de AFR con indicadores de accesibilidad a parques y el estatus socioeconómico del barrio. Veintidós por ciento de las mujeres realizaron actividad física en su barrio (NPA), mientras que 29% realizó actividad física general (OPA). Después de controlar el estatus socioeconómico del barrio y variables individuales, la densidad de parques, la razón parque-individuo, la suma de las áreas de servicio de los parques, y la distancia al parque más cercano, no estuvieron asociados con NPA y OPA. El estatus socioeconómico del barrio fue la única variable a nivel contextual asociada con NPA (AOR 1.05; 95% CI 0.99-1.10) y OPA (AOR=1.06; 95% CI 1.01, 1.12). Luego de controlar las variables de contexto, la edad y la educación de las mujeres estuvieron asociadas con la AFR. Conforme a los indicadores utilizados, los resultados no confirman una asociación entre la presencia de parques de barrio y AFR entre mujeres residentes de Hermosillo.
Book chapters on the topic "Presencia (Mexico City)"
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Struthers, David M. "Regeneration, decline, and Reordering The Left." In The World in a City, 209–28. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042478.003.0010.
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This chapter examines the reemergence of the anarchist and syndicalist movements in Los Angeles after World War I. This took place against the backdrop of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and then the slow growth of Communist parties in Los Angeles and Mexico through the 1920s. This chapter also discusses former Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM) members Enrique Flores Magón and Librado Rivera organizing in Mexico. In Los Angeles the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), Kropotkin Literary Society, Libertario Centro, and Open Forum grew to be the largest organizations on the radical left and institutionalized their presence to a greater degree than any examined in this book.
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Hagstrom Miller, Karl. "Mexican Past and Mexican Presence in San Antonio’s Market Square: Capital, Tourism and die Creation of the Local." In City and Nation, 206–42. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351320245-7.
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Havstad, Kris M., and Laura F. Huenneke. "Grazing Livestock Management in an Arid Ecosystem." In Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117769.003.0017.
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The history of livestock grazing in the Jornada Basin of southern New Mexico is a relatively recent story, but one of profound implications. For four centuries this region has supported a rangeland livestock industry— initially sheep (Ovis aries), goats (Capra aegagrus hircus), and cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus), but primarily beef cattle for the past 130 years. Throughout this brief history of a domesticated ruminant in an ecosystem without a significant presence of large hoofed mammals as part of its evolutionary development, the livestock industry has continually grappled with high degrees of temporal and spatial variation in forage production. Management of this consumptive use, whether during Spanish, Mexican, U.S. territorial, U.S. federal, or New Mexican governments, has constantly reaffirmed the need for grazing management to be flexible and responsive to the stress of droughts. The history of anecdotal experiences has been more recently augmented by scientific investigations first initiated in 1915. This chapter outlines the general history of livestock in this region, defining characteristics of herbivory in arid lands, and principles of grazing management derived from nearly a century of studies on grazing by large domesticated herbivores. Seventeen ships carried 1,200 people and enough cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs to colonize northern Hispaniola during Columbus’s second voyage in 1493. Livestock originating from the Andalusian Plain of southern Spain were loaded aboard ship at the southern port of Cádiz and the Canary Islands before making the 22- day voyage (Rouse 1977). It was not until 1521 that Gregorio Villalobos unloaded livestock in New Spain (Mexico) near Tampico; the actual number of cattle and their origin are disputed. Rouse (1977) claimed that 50 calves were transported to the mainland from either Cuba or Hispaniola, whereas Peplow (1958) and Wellman (1954) claimed 6 animals arrived from Hispaniola. Irrespective of the initial numbers, livestock were soon moved north from the Mexico City area during the early sixteenth century with both missionaries and resource extraction industries as retired military officers and Spanish nobility built a mining- and grazing-based economy throughout the region of present-day northern Mexico.
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Vega, Salvador, Rutilio Ortiz, Rey Gutirrez, Richard Gibson, and Beatriz Schettino. "Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Semi-Rural Environment in Mexico City." In Fossil Fuel and the Environment. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/36221.
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Brito-Aguilar, Rafael. "Dementia Around the World and the Latin America and Mexican Scenarios." In Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aiad210047.
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Dementia has become a major public health concern around the world. Dementia risk factors are significantly different among countries. The number of new cases of dementia anticipated each year worldwide is almost 7.7 million, one new case every four seconds. There are 3.6 million (46%) new cases per year in Asia, 2.3 million (31%) in Europe, 1.2 million (16%) in the Americas, and 0.5 million (7%) in Africa. Latin American and Caribbean low and middle-income countries are at high risk. Air pollution is an important risk modifiable factor for dementia across the world, and the recent report of the Alzheimer’s disease continuum in children and young adults residing in Metropolitan Mexico City along with the presence of cognitive impairment in 55% of the young adult population residing in Mexican cities with fine particulate matter concentrations above the current USEPA annual standard of 12 μg/m3 makes this a severe public health problem in progress. It is imperative to keep generating epidemiological data on dementia worldwide and their relationship with air pollutants to improve the strategies to face all the challenges associated with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in particular. Alzheimer’s disease is a fatal disease, we have no cure, and we ought to invest in protecting our citizens by intervening in modifiable environmental factors.
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Galicia, Barnardo Rogríguez, and Raeul Valacez Azúa. "Coastal Resources in the City of the Gods." In Archaeology of Mesoamerican Animals, 49–79. Lockwood Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/2013055.ch03.
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Teotihuacán was the first city of the American continent, and is the Mexi- can archaeological site with the greatest number of archaeozoological stud- ies. The site is even more interesting if we consider its value with regard to faunal usage and exploitation, given that the city accommodated more than 100,000 inhabitants. The presence of introduced species has been known for several decades, and is evidence of the flow of whole animals, or portions of them, into the city. This was discovered at the Teopancazco archaeological site by the Teotihuacán: Elite and Government (Teopancazco) Project (Teotihuacán: elite y gobierno [Teopancazco]), directed and coordinated by Dr. Linda R. Manzanilla Naim of the Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas de la UNAM (UNAM Anthropological Research Institute). Recent discoveries at Teopancazco, a district or barrio of the city of Teotihuacán, include nu- merous remains of nearly a hundred marine fish, crabs, sea urchins, and crocodiles. Identification of these remains defined the northern coast of Veracruz as the most probable area of origin. Interdisciplinary research on this fauna not only permitted species definition, but also revealed that some animals arrived to Teotihuacán whole after been preserved through salting techniques. These species, which include organisms like the bobo mullet (Joturus pichardi), red snapper (Lutjanus sp), snook (Centropomus sp), mo- jarra (Diapterus sp), and barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), to mention a few, indicate that the coastal lagoons are the most likely provenience ecosystem, given that these were places easily accessible to people dedicated to net and harpoon fishing. The importance of some of the identified species in con- temporary Mexican culinary tradition shows that these have been highly valued as a source of meat since Teotihuacán times. At the same time, the life cycles of several of the identified species indicate a greater variety and abundance in lagoons between June and August, a time period that seems to coincide with the beginning of the rainy season and corn’s biological-cul- tural development. This period depends completely on the pluvial pattern, as well as farmland preparation and care. This correlation allows us to present the idea that the presence of these species in Teotihuacán was related to rain rites in which coastal animals were a part of food rituals.
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von Germeten, Nicole. "Streetwalkers and the Police." In Profit and Passion. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297296.003.0006.
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In the late eighteenth-century, a new police force began to patrol the streets of Mexico City. While their first goal was to maintain street illumination, they also policed sanitation, plebeian bodies, public sexuality, and prostitution, creating new archives in the form of their nightly log books. This new and more quantitative documentation actually caused more evasiveness on the part of both those under arrest and those doing the arresting. In the 1790s, law enforcement inscribed only a handful of women arrested for working in brothels and a few dozen public sex acts. Despite nightly entries, many official pronouncements regarding changing plebeian street culture, and a greater presence of authority figures on the street, law enforcement, judicial notaries, and the women taken into custody made a conscious effort to avoid recording transactional sex.
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Lopez, Gustavo. "Negative Effects of Presence of Dorsal Diseases in Workers of a Metallic Industry in Mexicali, Mexico." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 219–30. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5879-9.ch011.
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An investigation of the negative effects in the health of workers of a metallic industry located in Mexicali city was made in which they suffered daily, of discomfort in the head, neck, back, and spine. This occurred when people of the manufacturing area of the industry that was evaluated developing operations that required great physical effort without adequate equipment and the industrial operations were repetitive. The analysis was made in 100 workers (30% women and 70% men) and were evaluated in the morning and evening shifts, which performed functions of lifting, loading, and gluing pieces of window frames for homes made of aluminum material. The aluminum frames had a weight of 20 kilograms with repetitive operations of until 50 lift for each eight-hour shift, generating the discomfort and pain. The study was from 2017 to 2019, and more than 50% of the workers in the manufacturing areas, in the two shifts of the company, suffered from discomfort and pain in the mentioned body areas, which caused the concern of management and supervision personnel.
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Norget, Kristin. "The Virgin of Guadalupe and Spectacles of Catholic Evangelism in Mexico." In Anthropology of Catholicism. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520288423.003.0015.
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This chapter examines the celebration of the feast day of the Virgin of Guadalupe, whose shrine in Mexico City is the focus of one of the largest pilgrimages in the Catholic world, as a window on to the aesthetics of contemporary Roman Catholic Church evangelism. Since Pope John Paul II, and ongoing under Benedict XVII and Francis, the institutional Church’s mass public ritual performances have shown a shift toward a new aesthetic sensibility emphasizing emotion, spectacle, and multiculturalism. Concurrent to this shift has been the gradual emergence within the Church of a new media strategy associated with the institutional Church’s campaign of the “New Evangelization”. Drawing on recent theories of the neo-baroque, the chapter explores how the Virgin of Guadalupe celebration, like those of other saints, is a key arena in the Church’s mediation of its institutional power and presence. Public, mass celebrations of this kind cannot be interpreted as manifestations solely of ‘national culture,’ for they are orchestrated partly from the institutional heart of the Church in Rome. As they are mediated through television and other mass media technologies, they create new religious subjectivities, imaginaries, and publics.
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Larios-Hernandez, Guillermo J., and Alberto Borbolla-Albores. "Coworking Spaces and the Transcendence of Social Innovation Knowledge in the Smart Territory." In Handbook of Research on Smart Territories and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems for Social Innovation and Sustainable Growth, 287–305. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2097-0.ch016.
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Smart territories favor social entrepreneurship, which develops in a collaborative effort requiring networking and skilled facilitation. Coworking spaces (CWS) advance as mediating organizations that bring together entrepreneurial communities in smart territories. This chapter develops a practical framework for knowledge dissemination in CWS. It bases this framework on the analysis of three spatial characteristics that allow for the assessment of the knowledge transcendence originating in CWS, namely, physical, social, and informational spaces. To test this framework, the authors analyze the Roma-Norte corridor in Mexico City, whose results indicate the presence of two models: one constituted of private organizations that place collaboration as a secondary value, subject to their office rental services, and an umbrella model that clusters other social innovation facilitators that transcend their territorial strip. This latter meta-space model expresses positive effects in terms of knowledge spillover, suggesting the concentrated bottom-up construction process of a smart territory.
Conference papers on the topic "Presencia (Mexico City)"
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Estrada Meléndez, Omar H., and Adriana I. Olivarez González. "The implementation of the territorial development concept in the reality of virtual world: the case of Puerto Rico." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8154.
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In the new virtual world, it becomes necessary to consider new concepts of development that allow to achieve social justice and equity. It is for this reason, in this article present a synthetic review of the development theories evolution, the definition of the concept of territorial development and the implication of this concept in the case of Puerto Rico. The findings presented in this article are part of a larger investigation that was developed in the Doctorate Program of City, Territory and Sustainability at the University of Guadalajara, Mexico. The main objective of this research was to determine how the processes of territorial development were affected by the presence of dependent territory geopolitical condition.
However, this academic research is only the basis for extending a discussion about a concept that requires further analysis for adjust to other realities in the world and to incorporate the lessons and experiences of other individuals. It necessary understands that territorial development concept is relatively young and has only two decades since its first formulations, so it requires a process of operationalize the definition components. Such work would allow the territorial development concept can be considered in the preparation of different territorial studies and analysis.
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Arellano Ramos, Blanca, and Josep Roca Cladera. "Algunas reflexiones sobre el proceso de sprawl en España y México." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7543.
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El objeto de nuestra contribución es realizar algunas reflexiones acerca del proceso de sprawl en España y México. El desarrollo de las tecnologías vinculadas a la imagen satelital (remote sensing) permiten la caracterización del fenómeno de consumo, patológico o no, de suelo. Y de ese análisis surgen hipótesis acerca de la pluralidad de los procesos de urbanización contemporáneos. A grandes rasgos sobresalen
dos grandes modelos: por una parte los desarrollos urbanos basados en bajas densidades, en el que el consumo insostenible de suelo se presenta como paradigma del desarrollo económico. Por otra los desarrollos que apuestan por modelos más compactos de urbanización, en los que el reciclaje, y no sólo el consumo creciente de suelo, se presenta como uno de los objetivos centrales de la política urbana. El
trabajo que aquí se presenta sugiere que en estos últimos años parece apuntarse un cambio de paradigma hacia un sistema más eficiente y sustentable de utilización del territorio. *** ENG: This paper pretends to make some reflections about the urban sprawl process in the metropolitan areas in Spain and Mexico. The use of technologies related to satellite imagery (remote sensing) allows the
characterization of the phenomenon of consumption, pathological or not, of land. And this analysissuggests some hypothesis about the plurality of contemporary of urbanization processes. Roughly two
models stand out: one based urban development at low densities, where the unsustainable consumption of land is presented as a paradigm of economic development and, another hand, an urban development with a compact city model, where recycling land, and not just increasing the consumption of land, is one of the key objectives of urban policy. The work presented here, suggests that in recent years appears a change in the paradigm towards a more efficient and sustainable use of the territory.
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Ortega García, Clara. "Peatonalización de la Calle Madero del centro histórico de la Ciudad de México: análisis del cambio en el ámbito comercial." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6207.
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Existe en la Ciudad de México, como en otros lugares, una tendencia que ha protagonizado las revitalizaciones de espacios públicos realizadas en los últimos años, se trata de la peatonalización de calles o avenidas. Dicho tipo de intervención es, definitivamente impactante en cuanto que modifica determinantemente el uso y percepción del espacio. La constante insistencia por la necesidad de revitalizar el Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México ha provocado, además de una evidente transformación de imagen urbana, otras mutaciones en el espacio urbano, cambios muy evidentes de carácter social, espacial y económico principalmente. Lo que aquí se presenta, es un análisis de éste tipo de intervención, realizada en la calle Francisco I. Madero, arteria vital del centro histórico, que cerró el tránsito vehicular en 2010 para priorizar el acceso exclusivamente peatonal al centro de la ciudad; los impactos generados a partir de éste suceso, principalmente en el ámbito comercial. In Mexico City exists a trend, as in other places, that has played a main role in the revitalization of public spaces in recent years: the pedestrianisation of streets or avenues. Such an intervention has an important impact since it crucially modifies the use and perception of space. Constant insistence for the need to revitalize Mexico City's Historic Center has caused, in addition to a clear transformation of urban image, other important mutations in the urban space, mainly of social, spatial and economic nature. This article analyses this type of intervention in a vital artery in the historic center, Francisco I. Madero street, which was closed to vehicular traffic in 2010 to prioritize pedestrian access to the center of the city. This event has generated important impacts, mainly on the commercial sector.
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Rubio Gutiérrez, Harmida. "Reinventar la ciudad: memoria, relato e imaginación entre territorio y comunidad." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7978.
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La ciudad se transforma ante una posibilidad de cambio. El cambio es la consecuencia de una
tensión narrativa. La realidad se va transformando a partir de una historia anticipada; cuando
hablamos de contingencia, se crea una intriga en la ciudad. La sociedad se enfrenta ante varias
posibilidades de resolución y responde de determinada manera ante esa incertidumbre. Como
un relato, la ciudad también se enfrenta a su conflicto narrativo cuando el riesgo aparece y
desde esta situación empieza a transformarse en relación las decisiones que sus habitantes
toman.
Esta propuesta propone trabajar ante la posibilidad de cambio con: la memoria, el relato y la
imaginación, y profundizar en la comprensión de los vínculos entre territorio y comunidad. Se
trata de trabajar con la narrativa para leer los mensajes que el territorio porta y aquellos relatos
que surgen de éstos, creados por la comunidad que los habita. Leer el territorio desde la
mirada de quien lo vive y también de quien lo observa desde el diseño urbano, la planeación y
la transdisciplina.
El caso concreto que se presenta es el de la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Una ciudad
que ha cambiado su paisaje urbano a partir de la búsqueda de atención del mundo globalizado
en sacrificio de su territorio rural y ambiental. Pero un lugar donde los relatos van y vienen y
son capaces de reinventar las posibilidades de la ciudad a partir de su memoria. The city is transformed in a possibility of change . The change is the result of narrative tension.
The reality is transformed from an early history, it creates a plot in the city . The narrative
tension is faced with several options for resolution and responds in a certain way to that
uncertainty. As a story, the city also faces its narrative conflict when the risk from this situation
appears and begins to transform itself with the decisions their people take.
This proposal intends to work with the possibility of change thought: memory, narrative and
imagination, and deepen the understanding of the links between territory and community. Work
with the narrative to read the messages that the territory holder and those stories that emerge
from these, created by the community. Read the territory from the perspective of those who live
and also of the viewer from urban design, planning and transdisciplinary.
The case presented is the city of Xalapa , Veracruz , Mexico . A city that has changed the
cityform from seeking care in the globalized world in sacrifice of his environmental and rural
territory. But a place where stories come and go and are able to reinvent the possibilities of the
city from its memory.
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Bojorquez, Gonzalo, Luis Gabriel Gómez-Azpeitia, Rafael García-Cueto, Anibal Luna, and Ramona Romero. "Confort higrotérmico para actividades en espacios exteriores: periodo cálido, en clima cálido seco extremo." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Mexicali: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7639.
Full textAbstract:
El tiempo de duración de las actividades en espacios exteriores en clima cálido seco extremo, depende de las condiciones de confort higrotérmico de los usuarios. Además por condiciones de ambiente térmico existen riesgos como deshidratación o golpe de calor. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar condiciones confort por temperatura y humedad relativa de usuarios de espacios exteriores de un centro recreativo de Mexicali, Baja California, México. Se presenta la estimación de temperatura y humedad relativa neutral con rangos de confort térmico para espacios exteriores, en el período cálido en un clima desértico. Se diseñó un cuestionario basado en ISO 10551, se midieron temperatura de bulbo seco y humedad relativa. Se aplicaron 822 encuestas en julio y agosto del 2008. Se estimaron temperatura y humedad relativa neutra y rangos de confort con el método de medias por intervalo de sensación térmica. El análisis se hizo para tres niveles de actividad: pasiva, moderada e intensa y uno combinado con los tres niveles. El período analizado presentó un comportamiento de clima asimétrico. Los valores de temperatura son aproximadamente simétricos con respecto a sus rangos de confort térmico, mientras que el confort por humedad relativa en actividad moderada e intensa fue asimétrico. Las temperaturas y humedad relativa neutras obtenidas muestran que los sujetos en actividad intensa, con práctica periódica de ejercicio y hábitos apropiados a las condiciones de clima, tienen una temperatura y humedad relativa de confort similar a aquellos con actividad pasiva. The duration of outdoor activities in extreme dry in warm weather, depends on the hygrothermal comfort conditions for users. In addition to the thermal environment conditions there are risks such as dehydration or Heat Stroke. The objective of this study was to estimate the comfort conditions for temperature and relative humidity of outdoor users of a recreational center in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. This work shows the estimated neutral temperatura, neutral relative humidity and thermal comfort ranges during the warm period for a public recreational green area located on a desert climate. A questionnaire was designed based on the scale of thermal sensation of ISO 10551 were measured dry bulb temperatura and relative humidity. A total of 822 questionnaires were applied during the months of July and August 2008. By estimated neutral temperatura, neutral relative humidity and comfort range with a statistical method of correlation. The analysis was done for three activity levels: passive, moderate e intense, besides the three levels together. The period of climate analyzed was asymmetric. The neutral temperature values obtained are approximately symmetrical with respect to the thermal comfort range, while the relative humidity comfort for moderate and intensity activity was asymmetric. The neutral temperatures and relative humidity obtained show that the intense activity in subjects with regular exercise and practice habits appropriate to the weather conditions, had a temperature of comfort similar to subjects with passive activity.
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Té Figueroa, Emilio Isaac. "Formación de la ciudad red en la frontera sur de México a través del establecimiento de comunidades migrantes." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Mexicali: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7678.
Full textAbstract:
El siguiente trabajo presenta una propuesta para el estudio de una problemática urbana en la región frontera sur del estado de Quintana Roo que surge a partir de los procesos migratorios de las últimas décadas y que originan la transformación del espacio urbano.
Se pretende lograr una caracterización de este problema mediante el abordaje de conceptos e ideas que surgen a partir de investigaciones previas que se relacionan con las condiciones observadas.
La investigación se centra en el análisis de la estructura del sistema de ciudades en la microrregión frontera sur del estado de Quintana Roo a partir del establecimiento y desarrollo de núcleos migrantes y su posible propensión a estructurarse como un sistema en red interdependiente.
La principal observación que permitió el planteamiento de la problemática está relacionada con el constante desarrollo de las ciudades que originan nueva formas de articulación y que, a su vez, precisa nuevos modelos de estudio para su planeación. Esta nueva dinámica está caracterizada por la conformación de un sistema articulado en nodos poblacionales quedando definido como ciudad red, cuya característica es la existencia de un cierto número de centros urbanos en determinada región o policentralidad y que establecen funciones complementarias, es decir, se establece una relación de interdependencia.
Estas observaciones condujeron a plantear que las características de los centros urbanos de la frontera sur de Quintana Roo a partir del establecimiento de núcleos migrantes en torno a la ciudad de Chetumal, promueven la conformación de un sistema urbano interdependiente que funciona como una red articulada de nodos poblacionales cuya característica es el constante flujo de bienes, servicios y personas; la manera en la que estos centros se desarrollan obedece a constantes movimientos migratorios alentados en su origen por estrategias de gobierno. La disposición geográfica de estos centros como ciudades periféricas y el mercado de trabajo para las mismas en relación con este sistema articulado en nodos hace factible analizar la situación actual de las actividades productivas y su relación con el desarrollo del sistema urbano en red. This paper presents a proposal for urban studies about the situation in Mexico‟s south border which arises from migration of the last decades causing the transformation of urban space.
This job aims to get a characterization of the problem by learning from concepts and ideas established in former investigations related with actual conditions observed.
Investigation focuses in analyzing the city system‟s structure in Quintana Roo‟s south border trough establishment and development of migrant communities and its possible tendency to conform an interdependent network system.
The main observation that led to an approach to the problem is related with the constant growth of cities and city space leading to new forms of spatial occupation and demand new theorical models for planning. This dynamic is particularly seen as a nodal based system known as a network city, mainly defined by policentricity a concept that refers to the existence of a number of urban centers in a certain area establishing complementary functions, deriving in a relationship of interdependence. The analysis of this situation in the region allows to propose that the geographical characteristics of the urban centers in the south border of the state of Quintana Roo trough the establishment of migrant people in communities nearby Chetumal city, capitol of Quintana Roo, stimulates the formation of an urban system that functions as an interdependent network articulated in nodes with a constant and intense of goods, services and workers‟ flow; the way this communities develops it‟s mainly due to constant migration encouraged by government. The geographic characteristics of these communities as satellital cities and labor market in them within the context of policentricity makes this study plausible.
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Peimbert, Alejandro J., and Cuauhtémoc Robles. "Etnografía, análisis visual y nuevas cartografías: una posible lectura del paisaje urbano en los espacios públicos del Río Nuevo." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6110.
Full textAbstract:
El Río Nuevo es una zona que se ha transformado para convertirse en una infraestructura vial, y equipamientos dispersos entre baldíos. Es resultado de decisiones hegemónicas que siguen la tendencia de un desarrollo urbano atento solamente a la modernización. Ello ha violentado rutinas locales, tradiciones y lugares que forman parte de la memoria colectiva de Mexicali, México.
Este trabajo trata los imaginarios urbanos y las prácticas sociales en los espacios públicos de dicha zona. El texto presenta evidencias empíricas apoyadas en el método etnográfico y en el análisis visual, registro que expone las tensiones generadas entre la asignación y la apropiación de la ciudad. Situados en el campo de los estudios socioculturales urbanos, se observa cómo la zona se ha convertido en un paisaje de la nostalgia confrontado con un paisaje del poder, disputa invisible en los mapas oficiales. Río Nuevo is an area that has been transformed to become a road infrastructure and urban facilities, scattered among vacant lots. It is the result of hegemonic decisions that follow the trend of urban development attentive only to modernize. This has violated local routines, traditions and places that are part of the collective memory of Mexicali, Mexico.
This article deals with urban imaginary and socio-spatial practices in the public spaces of the area. The paper presents empirical evidence supported by the ethnographic method and visual analysis, recording that exposes the tensions generated by the allocation and appropriation of the city. It located in the field of urban socio-cultural studies; we observe how the area has become a landscape of nostalgia confronted with a landscape of power, unseen dispute on official maps.
Reports on the topic "Presencia (Mexico City)"
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Scholl, Lynn, Daniel Oviedo, and Orlando Sabogal-Cardona. Disrupting Personal (In)Security? The Role of Ride-Hailing Service Features, Commute Strategies, and Gender in Mexico City. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003812.
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This paper sheds light on the personal security dimension of ride-hailing from a gender perspective. We explore how features of Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) services affect riders perceptions of security when commuting in ride-hailing services, and how general perceptions of fear of crime shape the way people value such features. Moreover, we analyze the strategies women and men are using to enhance their own security in ride-hailing and factors influencing these strategies. We conducted a survey of users of the TNC DiDi in Mexico City. The statistical methods used are structural equation models SEM and ordered logit models OLOGIT. Results show that women are more likely to value the information made available by ride-hailing applications (e.g., knowing your location or knowing driver information) and the presence of a panic button. The value given to information also increases if a person feels insecure in the streets, in a public transit station or in public transit. People who perceive higher insecurity in the streets have increased positive perceptions of the possibility of travelling without transfers. We also find that women are 64.4% less likely to share ride-hailing trips (pooling) and 2.14 times more likely to share details of their trips through their cellphones.
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Hanna, Rema, Bridget Hoffmann, Paulina Oliva, and Jake Schneider. The Power of Perception: Limitations of Information in Reducing Air Pollution Exposure. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003392.
Full textAbstract:
We conduct a randomized controlled trial in Mexico City to determine willingness to pay (WTP) for SMS air quality alerts and to study the effects of air quality alerts, reminders, and a reusable N95 mask on air pollution information and avoidance behavior. At baseline, we elicit WTP for the alerts service after revealing whether the household will receive an N95 mask and participant compensation, but before revealing whether they will receive alert or reminder services. While we observe no significant impact of mask provision on WTP, higher compensation increases WTP, suggesting a possible cash-on-hand constraint. The perception of high pollution days prior to the survey is positively correlated with WTP, but the presence of actual high pollution days is not correlated with WTP. Follow-up survey data demonstrate that the alerts treatment increases reporting of receiving air pollution information via SMS, a high pollution day in the past week, and staying indoors on the most recent perceived high pollution day. However, we observe no significant effect on the ability to correctly identify which specific days had high pollution. Similarly, households that received an N95 mask are more likely to report utilizing a mask with filter in the past two weeks, but we observe no effect on using a filter mask on the specific days with high particulate matter. Although we nd that air quality alerts increased the salience of air quality and avoidance behavior, these results illustrate the difficulty that information treatments face in overcoming perceptions to effectively reduce exposure to air pollution.