Academic literature on the topic 'Present Value Method'
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Journal articles on the topic "Present Value Method"
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Žižlavský, Ondřej. "Net Present Value Approach: Method for Economic Assessment of Innovation Projects." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 156 (November 2014): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.11.230.
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Tırtırogˇlu, Dogˇan. "Valuation of real estate assets using the adjusted present value method." Journal of Property Finance 8, no. 1 (1997): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09588689710160480.
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Kim, Jan R., and Keunsuk Chung. "Regime switching in the present value models: A backward-solving method." Finance Research Letters 32 (January 2020): 101101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.02.001.
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Wan, Wun-Jung, and Peter Chu. "Newton-Raphson method for the expected present value of total inventory costs." Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 20, no. 1 (1999): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02522667.1999.10699405.
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El-Kholy, A. M., M. Y. El-Shikh, and S. K. Abd-Elhay. "Which Fuzzy Ranking Method is Best for Maximizing Fuzzy Net Present Value?" Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 42, no. 9 (2017): 4079–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2573-4.
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Sukmana, Nandang. "Expanded Net Present Value for Various Mining Valuation." Advanced Science Letters 21, no. 4 (2015): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.5929.
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The purpose of this paper to provide a valuation incorporating management flexibility in an uncertain operating environment for valuing various mining in Indonesia. This research raises the question on what strategies in developing valuations models of various mining and how uncertainty such as prices, grades/quality, costs, schedules, quantities, environmental issues and among others which are not known at the beginning of the project, have contributed to the value resulted. The study is based on an Expanded Net Present Value (eNPV) valuation in which uncertainty and management flexibility are incorporated into the valuation. The focus of the research is on the strategy in determining value using Expanded Net Present Value (eNPV) and on how to mitigate the risks of uncertainties. The paper emphasizes the specific characteristics of the actual mining valuation in Indonesia, generated by conventional NPV method commonly used. This was also confirmed in a study carried out by Graham and Campbell (2002), of 392 completed CFO surveys, 74.9% of respondents always or mostly use the Net Present Value (NPV) method of project valuation. However, conventional valuation tools have penalized projects with a high degree of uncertainty and lead to myopic decisions. The research is correlated to diagnose the flexibility of strategic mine planning and to analyze the process of change within the uncertainties. The study allows emphasis on some characteristics of the mining valuation process developed in Indonesia.
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Noch, Tadeusz, and Zdzisław Kusto. "Analysis of the incremental cost method and the net present value method applied in the energy sector." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900075.
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The study characterizes hybrid sources applied in the power industry, created with the use of unconventional energy sources. An example of cooperation of heat pumps and conventional sources was used. The article notes the technological progress also concerning heat exchangers. To calculate economic efficiency, the MKN Incremental Cost Method and the NPV Net Present Value method were used. The article refers to the calculation of investment outlays and operating costs and repayment of a bank loan for individual heat sources. The possibility of assuming separate values of discount rates for the installation of heat pumps and hybrid boilers as well as the comparative installation were shown. Also included is the possibility of adopting a separate discount rate for income derived from savings associated with the purchase of fuel and energy and the sale of heat to a third party consumer. The analysis covered the MKN Incremental Cost Method and the NPV Net Present Value method. The computational algorithm contains costs of hybrid installation with heat pumps and costs of a comparative conventional installation in a version without revenues and with revenues from the sale of heat. Presented is the method of calculating the net present value in the next year of operation, discounting to the zero year and observing in which year the positive value will be obtained. Economic calculations, according to popular views, are the basis for choosing the optimal heating variant. Ecological effects and social demand may provide additional separate criteria in the selection of the heating system.
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Buser, Stephen A., and Bjarne Astrup Jensen. "The First Difference Property of the Present Value Operator." Quarterly Journal of Finance 07, no. 04 (2017): 1750012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139217500124.
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This paper identifies a fundamental relationship between the present value of a given cash flow and the present value of the period by period change in that cash flow. The new relationship is shown to be highly useful for the identification of analytic expressions for present value and related measures such as duration and convexity; expressions that continue to play an instructive role by helping to relate the quantitative outcomes of numerical calculations to the driving forces behind those calculations. This new method applies only simple arithmetic operations and avoids the use of differential calculus and advanced series summation in order to derive these analytic results. We apply the method to a variety of nontraditional cash flows, including cash flows with linear growth or decay, cash flows that are subject to different tax effects for dividends and capital gain, and cash flows that are projected to exhibit cyclical variation over time.
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Hao, Meng Hui, and Kun Wang. "Analysis on Economic Benefit of Pavement Layer Based on Net Present Value Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 1735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.1735.
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This paper explains the method and theory of cost net present value, and uses this method to analyses the economic benefits on several pavement inter layer (emulsified asphalt seal coat, rubber modified asphalt and stress absorbing layer of fiberglass polyester paving mat) during the 15-year period, results showed that rubber modified asphalt and stress absorbing layer of fiberglass polyester paving mat is superior to emulsified asphalt seal coat.
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Koroche, Kedir Aliyi, and Geleta Kinkino Mayu. "Adam-Bash forth-Multan Predictor Corrector Method for Solving First Order Initial value problem and Its Error Analysis." Indian Journal of Advanced Mathematics 1, no. 2 (2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijam.b1112.101221.
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This paper presents fourth order Adams predictor corrector numerical scheme for solving initial value problem. First, the solution domain is discretized. Then the derivatives in the given initial value problem are replaced by finite difference approximations and the numerical scheme that provides algebraic systems of difference equations is developed. The starting points are obtained by using fourth order Runge-Kutta method and then applying the present method to finding the solution of Initial value problem. To validate the applicability of the method, two model examples are solved for different values of mesh size. The stability and convergence of the present method have been investigated. The numerical results are presented by tables and graphs. The present method helps us to get good results of the solution for small value of mesh size h. The proposed method approximates the exact solution very well. Moreover, the present method improves the findings of some existing numerical methods reported in the literature.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Present Value Method"
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Putnam, Eric. "Analysis of automation of bulk packaging line at Wixon Inc." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35751.
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Master of Agribusiness<br>Department of Agricultural Economics<br>Allen M. Featherstone<br>The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the impact the installation of an automated packaging system would have on the predominately manual bulk packaging work centers at Wixon Inc., a privately held, integrated food and beverage developer, manufacturer, and processor. The objective of this thesis is to determine if converting to an automated
system would minimize costs and increase line speeds. The owners desire a 3-year payback on the investment. In addition to the financial and economical aspects of automating the equipment, there are potential food safety and personnel safety improvements that would be brought to the firm by changing equipment. The firm’s owners want to be proactive and minimize any impact a reduction in the labor pool might see cause from the exit of workers from the Baby Boomer generation.
Methods used to determine the objectives of this thesis include a comparative time study of bag filling rates, an analysis of incremental cost savings, net present value (NPV) analysis and return on investment (ROI). Data were collected from studies conducted by the engineering consulting firm of Middough Incorporated, from Wixon Inc. accounting records and, interviews of key Wixon employees. The report provided by Middough determined that the new system would be able to replace three work centers in the Bulk Packaging department based on bag fill rates and flexibility in bag sizes. This reduces the employee cost per bag. The incremental costs were analyzed using accounting records for past history. Floor space, labor costs and other integral costs were compared to determine what costsavings there may be. Cost savings were treated as cash flow. The NPV and ROI for the project used this cash flow to determine if an investment in automation is a wise one.
The conclusion based on the analysis made was that, based on NPV the investment would be profitable. However, the 3-year payback of $1.5 million would not be possible under current assumptions. The automation would reduce the number of needed employees enough to absorb any reduction in the labor pool while providing increased food and employee safety.
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Tom, Jonathan D. (Jonathan David) 1966. "Evaluating foreign Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) projects using the adjusted net present value (ANPV) method : Thailand's Second Stage Expressway (SES)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8960.
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Thesis (M.C.P. and S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, September 1999.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-168).<br>Accurately incorporating country risks in project evaluation is a complicated process. This thesis presents an evaluation framework, based on a variation of the standard adjusted net present value (ANPV) method, that provides better information about the sources of a foreign project's value and integrates country risks into the evaluation process without distorting the project's intrinsic value. The first half of this thesis focuses on the development of an ANPV framework that is suitable for evaluating foreign projects. Specific guidelines are established to determine whether country risks should be reflected primarily in the project's cash flows or in its discount rate. The second half applies this framework to a privately financed toll road project in Thailand, the Second Stage Expressway (SES). The SES is found to be economically viable even under the most pessimistic scenario, attesting to the project's resilience to country risks. More importantly, the ANPV framework reveals the key sources of the project's value, particularly showing its heavy reliance on a government subsidy for site acquisition. This modified ANPV framework serves as a effective screening device for evaluating the economic worth of foreign projects, particularly Build- Operate- Transfer (BOT) projects. Compared to the NPV, the ANPV framework is a preferred method since it avoids the use of a single discount rate which may distort a foreign project's true economic value. The ANPV framework's use of multiple discount rates and consistent approach to accommodating country risks prevent apparently risky foreign projects from being inadvertently rejected.<br>by Jonathan D. Tom.<br>M.C.P.and S.M.
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Gui, Hairong Karen. "Real Options Methodology in Sportswear Retail Investment Valuation." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/145.
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The net present value (NPV) approach has been widely accepted by corporate practitioners and academics as the principle tool for evaluating the feasibility of corporate financial investment opportunities. It conceptually provides an estimate in present value terms of a proposed investment's incremental contribution to the firm, enabling the company to pursue its goal of value maximization with more assurance. NPV uses a discount rate that in theory captures market risks. In the stable growth or mature industries, NPV works well. However, in high investment/high risk-return (HI/HRR) industries, where the investment environment is often profiled as highly uncertain with high returns, NPV is insufficient to reflect the multidimensional risks, hence unable to capture the extensive investment returns that may consist of non-financial values. This dissertation applies the real option (RO) valuation methodology, supplementing the NPV method to evaluate the return of the sports retail industry (SRI) flagship stores investments. This study further demonstrates that there are strategic values captured by the RO valuation method, complementing the financial values attained by the NPV. To test this assertion, we use case methodology to analyze four flagship investment activities (proprietary business data are concealed). These investments represent various investment options, including growth, expansion, staging, and delay. The cases include projections made prior to the investment, the retrospective application of RO to estimate strategic value, and the actual returns from these investments. Findings demonstrate convincingly RO methodology can and should be usefully applied to supplement the NPV method in HI/HRR industries, and SRI in particular.
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Souza, Michelle Rodrigues de. "AVP - Ajuste a valor presente e sua influência na gestão da lucratividade." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2013. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2815.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-28<br>The impacts that cause the fixed interest business transactions, the financial statements, to be developed in a given period, so that these do not reflect the reality of the moment for what it is necessary to recognize the value of money over time, so that can compare values expressed for different dates, where the present value corresponds to the current value of a future amount. This research focuses on the analysis of the applicability of the method to update the present value-AVP in the financial statements, with emphasis on economic outcomes business, as required by law 11.638/07 and 11.941/09, which attempts to explain the influence and impact of the applicability method AVP in managing profitability. The methodology adopted in the research is exploratory and Bibliographical, based on the financial statements of the company and economic Totvs SA, which concludes that the measurement values of the current date provides managers with a different perspective and more realistic about their financial results and financial, are usually distorted when evaluated in the long run by not considering the value of money changes over time and their impact is considerable in the management of profitability, thus influencing the policies of investment and financing business<br>Os impactos que os juros prefixados provocam nas transações empresariais, as demonstrações contábeis, ao serem elaboradas em dado período, fazendo com que estas não reflitam a realidade daquele momento para o que se faz necessário reconhecer o valor do dinheiro no tempo, a fim de que se possa comparar valores expressos para datas distintas, onde o valor presente corresponde ao valor atual de um montante futuro. Esta pesquisa está centrada na análise da aplicabilidade do método de atualização a valor presente- AVP nas demonstrações contábeis, com ênfase nos resultados econômicos empresariais, conforme determina a lei 11.638/07 e 11.941/09, onde se busca explicar a influência e impactos da aplicabilidade do método AVP na gestão da lucratividade. A Metodologia adotada na pesquisa é a Exploratória e Bibliográfica, tendo como base os demonstrativos financeiros e econômicos da empresa Totvs S.A, onde se conclui que a mensuração dos valores na data atual traz aos gestores uma visão diferenciada e mais realista sobre os seus resultados econômicos e financeiros, normalmente são distorcidos quando avaliados no longo prazo, por não considerar que o valor do dinheiro se modifica com o passar do tempo e seus impactos são consideráveis na gestão da lucratividade, influenciando assim, nas políticas de investimentos e financiamentos empresariais
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Pereira, Fábio Rafael Miranda. "Equity Research - Sumol+Compal, S. A." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14527.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>Este projeto contém uma avaliação detalhada e respetiva estimação do valor intrínseco das ações da Sumol+Compal, relativamente ao fim do ano de 2017, de acordo com o projeto final do Mestrado de Finanças do ISEG. Este relatório segue o formato recomendado pelo Instituto CFA. Sumol+Compal foi escolhida devido ao interesse pela indústria das bebidas, em geral, assim como pela notável reputação da empresa. As premissas consideradas para a avaliação, resultaram de uma análise aprofundada da informação histórica da empresa, das tendências da indústria e das projeções macroeconómicas. O preço-alvo foi obtido através de um método de avaliação absoluto, mais especificamente o método do Adjusted Present Value (APV). Adicionalmente, foi utilizado um método de avaliação relativo, o método dos Múltiplos Comparáveis. Uma análise de sensibilidade e uma simulação de Monte Carlo foram realizadas com vista a complementar a análise. Com um preço-alvo de €1.93 para o FA2017, representando um potencial de valorização de 16.90%, face ao preço atual de €1.65, do dia 12 de outubro de 2017, a nossa recomendação final para a Sumol+Compal é MANTER, tendo em consta os riscos que poderão ocorrer e afetar o desempenho da empresa. A nossa avaliação do risco estima um risco médio para a empresa.<br>This project contains the detailed valuation and the respective estimation of Sumol+Compal´s intrinsic share value for the end of 2017, according to ISEG's Master in Finance final work project. This report follows the recommended format by the CFA Institute. Sumol+Compal was chosen due to the interest for the beverage industry in general and due to the remarkable company's reputation. The assumptions considered for the valuation, result from a deep analysis of the company's historical data, industry's trends and macroeconomic projections. The price target was obtained through an absolute valuation method, more specifically the Adjusted Present Value (APV) method. In addition was used a relative valuation method, the Comparable Multiples method. A sensitivity analysis and a Monte Carlo simulation were performed to further complement the analysis. With a price target of €1.93 for YE2017, representing an upside potential of 16.90% from October 12th, 2017, current price of €1.65, our final recommendation for Sumol+Compal is to HOLD, taking into consideration, the risks that may occur and that can affect the company's performance. Our risk assessment estimates a medium risk for the company.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Valášková, Petra. "Příprava a hodnocení ekonomické efektivnosti vybraného investičního projektu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191733.
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The main goal of this study is to show a preparation of an investment project aimed on heating in a concrete company and to evaluate an economic effectiveness of the individual possible variants of the project. The project is unique due to particular financing from European union's grants and due to a goal of the company to meet new emission norm. The study is divided to three parts. In the first part, a theoretical one, is described a preparation of the project and an administration process of providing the grand from European Union funds. The second chapter deals with identification of the concrete investment project and the conditions of its evaluation. Moreover, important information about investor and circumstances of the investment project realization are discussed in this chapter. Finally, the process of the concrete grant approval is analyzed. The third part evaluates economic effectiveness according to cost measures and to net present value of the individual project variants. Because of a different lifespan of project variants the cost annual equivalent and the annuity equivalent has to be used. The results of cost measures and net present value are different. This pointes to the difference between cost only view and complex cash flow view. The final overall evaluation takes into consideration the ecologic part of the project. The final resolution has to make a compromise between various measurements. The study evaluates a real project. Therefore, the data are also based on reality.
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Marcos, Francisco de Jesus. "Equity research - Daimler Group." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20731.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>Daimler AG é uma empresa alemã centenária, que apresenta um vasto portefólio de produtos e serviços, provenientes das suas três subsidiárias - Mercedes-Benz Cars and Vans, Daimler Trucks AG e Daimler Mobility AG. O Grupo segue uma sólida e bem estruturada estratégia focada nos seus consumidores, que permitiu à empresa manter-se na vanguarda desde a sua existência, com uma presença mundial e uma forte reputação no mercado. Em 2019, a Daimler AG vendeu mais de 3.35 milhões de unidades, apresentando uma quota de mercado de 3.7%.
A estrutura deste projeto baseia-se nas recomendações do CFA Institute e tem como objetivo estimar o valor da ação da Daimler AG no final de 2020, concluindo com uma recomendação de compra, venda ou de manter a ação. Para chegar a esta conclusão, os métodos utilizados foram o Discounted Cash-Flow, o Adjusted Present Value, o Relative Valuation e o Dividend Discount Model.
Com base no Discounted Cash-Flow, no Adjusted Present Value e no Relative valuation, foram obtidos preços-alvo superiores ao preço de fecho da ação a 19 de Setembro, de 45.5€. Para o Dividend Discount Model, as conclusões não foram consideradas relevantes, visto que o pagamento de dividendos irá ser severamente afetado nos próximos anos, como resultado da crise financeira causada pela proliferação pandémica mundial em 2020.
Após estas análises e avaliações feitas da Daimler AG, foi considerada uma recomendação final de compra e um potencial de aumento de 26% para a ação da Daimler no final de 2020.<br>Daimler AG is a centenary German automotive company with a wide portfolio of products and services, provided from its three subsidiaries - Mercedes-Benz Cars and Vans, Daimler Trucks AG and Daimler Mobility AG. The Group follows a solid and well-structured strategy focused on its customers, which allowed the company to remain at the forefront since its existence, with a worldwide presence and a strong market reputation. In 2019, Daimler AG sold more than 3.35 million units, presenting a 3.7% market share.
The structure of this project follows the CFA Institute recommendations and aims to estimate the fair value of a Daimler AG share at 2020 year end, concluding with a buy, hold or sell recommendation. To achieve this conclusion, the valuation methods carried out were the Discounted Cash-Flow, the Adjusted Present Value, the Relative Valuation and the Dividend Discount Model.
Based on the Discounted Cash-Flow, the Adjusted Present Value and the Relative valuation, it were obtained target prices above the closed stock price on September, 19th, of 45.5€. For the Dividend Discount Model, the conclusions were not considered relevant, since the payment of dividends will be severely affect in the following years, as result of the financial crisis caused by the global pandemic that proliferated in 2020.
After the analysis and valuations made on Daimler AG, it was considered a final buy recommendation, with an upside potential of 26% for the 2020 year end Daimler share.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Öksuz, Baris, John Elvung, and Sergon Tadaris. "Investeringskalkyl på självtvätthall för Vetlanda Vägkrog AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-37565.
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Background and problem: Since the new law took place in 1999, it has been illegal towash a car with substances that can damage the environment on a paved street or on a driveway through a garage. This has conveyed to a new industry where more and more self-service car wash facility have opened around the country. Vetlanda Vägkrog AB has since 2012 been planning to install manual self-service car wash facility at the back of their restaurant business. The authors mission was to make an analysis in order to examine whether an investment of carwashes are lucrative enough for Vetlanda Vägkrog AB. Aim: The study's main objective was to analyze the profitability of an investment in a self-service car wash facility at Vetlanda Vägkrog AB, based on given data. The authors sub-aim was to clarify which factors in general that had played the greatest part in the establishment of a self-service car wash facility. Method: The authors have used an abductive approach in order to fulfill the aim of the study. Furthermore, have the authors used semi-structured interviews in order to gather all empirical data. The interviews were performed on the suppliers, municipal employees and the two owners of Vetlanda Vägkrog AB. The collected data is then explained using theory and henceforth meet the purpose. Conclusion: The results of this study shows that the investment of a self-service car wash facility based on Vetlanda Vägkrog AB conditions is economically efficient and profitable. Net present value method, Pay back and internal rate of return (IRR) is the following methods that the authors consistently have used in order to solve this task. An analysis of three different outcomes were made on the variables that might influence the results, for instance volume and periodic payments has been done in order to get an idea of how sensitive the estimate was.<br>Bakgrund och problem: Efter den nya lagen som trädde fram 1999 förbjuds tvätt avbilen med ämnen som skadar miljön på en asfalterad gata eller garageuppfart. Detta har medfört till en ny bransch då allt flera självtvätthallar har öppnats runt om i landet. Vetlanda Vägkrog AB har sedan 2012 haft planer på att installera manuella tvätthallar på baksidan av restaurangverksamheten. Vårt uppdrag var att göra en analys där vi granskade om en investering av biltvättar var lukrativt för Vetlanda Vägkrog AB. Syfte: Studiens huvudsyfte var att analysera lönsamheten för en investering i en biltvätthall åt Vetlanda Vägkrog AB, utifrån given data. Delsyftet blev att belysa vilka generella faktorer som hade spelat störst roll vid ett upprättande av en självtvätthall. Metod: För att uppfylla syftet med studien har vi utgått från en abduktiv metod. Vihar genom semistrukturerade intervjuer samlat empiri från leverantörer, kommunalanställda och två av delägarna för Vetlanda Vägkrog AB. Det materialet förklaras sedan med hjälp av teori för att slutligen uppfylla syftet. Slutsats: Resultatet av vår undersökning visar att investering av en självtvätthallutifrån Vetlanda Vägkrog AB förutsättningar är ekonomiskt effektiv och lönsamt. För att lösa uppgiften användes följande metoder payback-metoden, nuvärdemetoden och internräntemetoden.En analys med tre olika utfall gjordes på de variabler som kunde tänkas påverka resultatet, exempelvis volym och särutbetalningar har gjorts för att få en uppfattning påhur känslig kalkylen var. Samtliga utfall påvisade positivt resultat.
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Sheibani, Amjad. "Energieffektivisering och energibalansberäkningar samt förbättrings förslag på nyproducerade lägenheter." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för kemiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31024.
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Syftet: Med arbetet är att utreda en fastighets klimatskal och energiförbrukning med hjälp av energibalansberäkningar. Målet: med rapporten är att upplysa hur fastighetens energiförbrukning kan beskrivas utifrån transmission och ventialtionsberäkningar. Avgränsning: avgränsning till att beräkna energibalanser till en fastighet som består av 46 lägenheter och nästan alla beräkningar är manuella, där energiförbrukningen beräknas. Detta ger en bra överblick över vad som behövs förbättras i dessa lägenheter. Teori: Information om fatigheten samlades in vid ett platsbesök där både in- och utsida undersöktes samt via samtal med företaget PEPA som byggde fastigheten. En ytterligare undersökning gjordes där information om området, byggår, tidigare års energideklarationer och energiberäkningar insamlades samt vilka energibesparingsåtgärder som gjorts i dagsläget. Med hjälp av litteratur, webbaserade källor och artiklar har arbetat granskat och bearbetat till ett sakligt slutresultat. Metod: En studie av litteratur undersökning i ämnet har utförts för att hitta relevant och nödvändig information inom området. För att undersöka fastighetens energianvändning, uppvärmning och konstruktion så har ett flertal fastighetsbesök gjorts. Utförande: Har undersöks fastighetens energiförbrukning och med hjälp av energibalansförbrukningen upplysas fastighetens elanvändning, fjärrvärme, tappvarmvatten, transmissionsförluster och ventilationsförluster etc. Denna studie har gjorts för att utreda investeringskostnader för solceller på fasader och på taket på en byggnad. Dessutom har studien utförs för att se om dessa bidrar till att minska fastighetens årskostnader och energiförbrukning under ett år. Resultat: I resultatdelen visas transmissionsförluster med ett värde på 330 MWh/år och köldbryggor som är 20 % av totala transmissionsförluster. Medan ventilationsförluster är 270 MWh, där luftläckage är 379 W/C. Sammanställningen av U-värde för transmissionsförluster är 0,35 W/m2. C och boverkets krav 0,4 W/m2.C, detta innebär att U-värde uppfyller boverkets krav. Värmeenergi behovet till fastigheten är 647 MWh, medan värmeeffektbehov är 228 kW, där energianvändningen och gränsvärde är 103 kWh/m2.år Diskussion: Syftet med arbetet var att studera och titta närmare på vilka energieffektiviserande åtgärder som finns till huset och vilka åtgärder som kan ge ett bra resultat, för att minska energi förbrukningen och ge besparing. Undersökningen har utförts genom manuella beräkningar, via samtal med personal från HSB på plats i Östersund och Sundsvall. Undersökningen har även utförts genom att samla in alla byggnadsritningar, genom kurslitteratur, Boverket, ISO standard samt genom diskussioner med företag som PEAB som har bidragit med viktig information. Ett schablonblad som erhölls av HSB har används vid beräkningar som exempelvis till dörrar, fönster, ytterdörrar, balkonger samt köldbryggor Slutsats: Transmissionsberäkningarna visar att värmegenomgångskoefficienten har ett rimligt värde, vilket är bra i jämförelse med boverkets krav på 0,4 W/m²·K. Vidare visas det i rapporten att ventilationen som används i fastigheten är bra, då FTX system används och värmeåtervinning sker. En annan åtgärd i rapporten, är en beräkning som visar en sänkning av inomhus temperaturen och är på så sätt lönsam. Den sista åtgärden som har utförts är snålspolande kranar som visar ett bra reslutat på en besparing året runt. Solcellernas beräkningar visar två olika resultat, de som är belägna på taket har en livslängd på 12 år och är mer rimlig än de som är på fasaden som har livslängd på 30 år.<br>The purpose of the work is to investigate real estate climate scale and energy consumption using energy balance calculations. The goal of the report is to disclose how the energy consumption of the building can be described by transmission, air leakage and ventilation calculations. And where you make an energy balance calculations to the real estate. The work delimited to calculate energy balances for a house consisting of 46 apartments and almost all calculations are manual calculations where energy consumption is calculated which gives a good overview of what is needed to improve in apartments. Information about the real estate was collected at a site visit where both inside and outside were investigated as well as conversations with the company PEPA that built the property. A further survey has been made where information about the area, year of construction, previous year's energy declarations and energy calculations was collected, as well as what energy saving measures have been taken today. With the help of literature, web-based sources and articles have been reviewed and processed into a true final result. Method: A study of literature research on the subject has been conducted to find relevant and necessary information in the field. To investigate the energy use, heating and construction of the property, several property visits have been made. This study has been conducted to investigate investment costs for solar on facades and on roofs of a building. In addition, the study has been conducted to see if these contribute to reducing the property's annual costs and energy consumption over an entire year. Results: Transmission losses are 330 MWh and cold bridges”köldbryggor” which are 20% of total transmission losses. While ventilation losses are 270 MWh, where air leakage is 379 W / C. Compilation of U value for transmission losses is 0.35 W/m2.C and energy agency requirements 0.4 W / m2.C, which means that the U value meets the requirements of the building. Heat energy the need for the property is 647 MWh, while the heat power requirement is 228 kW and energy consumption and limit value is 103 kWh / m2, year. Discussion: The purpose of the work was to study and look into what energy efficiency measures are available to the house and what measures can provide a good result, to reduce energy consumption and save savings. The survey has been carried out through manual calculations, via talks with HSB staff in place in Östersund and Sundsvall. The survey has also been carried out by collecting all building drawings, through literature and the Boverket, ISO standard and through discussions with companies such as PEAB that have contributed with important information. Conclusion: The transmission calculations show that the heat transfer coefficient is a reasonable value, which is a good in comparison with the requirements of 0.4 W / m². K. Furthermore, the report shows that the ventilation used in the property is good when using FTX systems and heat recovery takes place. Another measure calculation performed in the report is a decrease in indoor temperature, which proves to be profitable. The last measure that has been carried out in the report is the fast-moving cranes that show a good deal of savings all year round. Sun cells calculations show two different results the first one sun cells those located on the roof have a life span of 12 years and are more reasonable while the another one those on the facade that have a life span of 30 years.
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Radebe, Thandwefika. "Are solar home systems a more financially viable method of electrifying Ghana households?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33001.
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Africa still has the lowest electrification rates in the world with over 600 million people estimated to be living without access to electricity. What makes the challenge even greater for Africa is that the continent is so sparsely populated that building grid infrastructure is not viable in many cases. However, “pay-as-you-go” solar home systems have provided the continent with the opportunity to correct its electrification deficit. These innovations are not new and many of the costs of operating these systems have reached grid parity when one considers the Levelized Cost of Energy Model. However, these projects still fail to meet institutional investors' bankability criteria. The aim of this study is to try and understand whether solar home systems provide the investor with an opportunity to make a larger risk-adjusted return versus existing grid-based power station projects being considered on the continent. This study uses Ghana's recently built Kpone power station as a case study to complete this analysis. The study also seeks to assess what viability criteria is employed by a broad base of investors if they were to consider funding off-grid power. The study makes use of the Net Present Value model to compare the returns for Kpone and Zola Electric's Infinity solar home system. The study also conducts inductive qualitative analysis to try and ascertain what criteria is assessed for project viability and then builds a conceptual framework for assessing future projects. The study found that Kpone provided a better risk-adjusted return to that of Zola Electric's solar home system, largely because of Kpone's project finance structure reducing the risk of the investment. Our findings also show that investment ticket size, company track record and management track record are among the most highly considered criteria for investments into off-grid companies.
Books on the topic "Present Value Method"
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New methods for the arbitrage pricing theory and the present value model. World Scientific, 1994.
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Wijers, Jean Paul, Isabel Amaral, William Hanson, Bengt-Arne Hulleman, and Diana Mather. Protocol to Manage Relationships Today. Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724159.
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Protocol to Manage Relationships Today explains the contemporary value of protocol, not only for monarchies or diplomatic institutes, but for any non-profit or for-profit organisation. This book presents modern protocol as a tool to build strong, authentic networks of reciprocal relationships. When used effectively protocol can: - Increase the effect of the networking activities of an organisation. Protocol gives a professional structure to relationship management, to achieve access to the 'right' networks and a reciprocal relationship with the most valued stakeholders. - Deepen relationships. In our world there is so much focus on pragmatism in building relationships - protocol focuses on the common ground to gain value. - Be used as a valuable tool in a post COVID-19 era, where the need for space and time to build real and authentic relationships is well understood. The book defines how tested values perfectly fit in today's society, where modern organisations want to build effective relationships and communities. This book is focused on developing an increasingly vital expertise for professionals who deal with complex relationship management issues on a strategic and tactical operational level. They come from different fields, such as government institutions, non-profit organisations and commercial environments. This book also gives protocol officers a contemporary approach towards the application of protocol. It is not designed as a complete guide to all the rules of protocol, but it describes how to translate the context into a tailor-made protocol for each meeting or event. The book explains protocol as a flexible method to handle unique situations. Protocol is presented on four levels: the 'why' of protocol; the strategic and tactical level; the practical implementation; and the execution of protocol. Protocol to Manage Relationships Today is written by Europe's foremost protocol experts with collective years of experience with the management of networking meetings and events at the highest level.
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Pelke, Eberhard, and Eugen Brühwiler, eds. Engineering History and Heritage Structures – Viewpoints and Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed015.
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The present Structural Engineering Document (SED) is a compilation of contributions devoted to the vast topic of history of structural engineering as well as interventions on heritage structures and structures of high cultural values. Various, some-times opposed, viewpoints and approaches are expressed and presented. The rather heterogeneous and controversial nature of the content of this SED shall stimulate lively discus-sions within the structural engineering community who needs to increase the awareness of historical and cultural aspects of structures and structural engineering. Current structural engineering methods and practice are only at the very begin-ning of effective engineering, really integrating historical and cultural aspects in the assessment of existing structures and in intervention projects to adapt or modify structures of cultural values for future demands. Knowing the past is indispensable for modern structural engineering!
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Mazo, Aleksandr, and Konstantin Potashev. The superelements. Modeling of oil fields development. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1043236.
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This monograph presents the basics of super-element modeling method of two-phase fluid flows occurring during the development of oil reservoir. The simulation is performed in two stages to reduce the spatial and temporal scales of the studied processes. In the first stage of modeling of development of oil deposits built long-term (for decades) the model of the global dynamics of the flooding on the super-element computational grid with a step equal to the average distance between wells (200-500 m). Local filtration flow, caused by the action of geological and technical methods of stimulation, are modeled in the second stage using a special mathematical models using computational grids with high resolution detail for the space of from 0.1 to 10 m and time — from 102 to 105 C.
 The results of application of the presented models to the solution of practical tasks of development of oil reservoir. Special attention is paid to the issue of value transfer in filtration-capacitive properties of the reservoir, with a detailed grid of the geological model on the larger grid reservoir models.
 Designed for professionals in the field of mathematical and numerical modeling of fluid flows occurring during the development of oil fields and using traditional commercial software packages, as well as developing their own software. May be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students studying in areas such as "Mechanics and mathematical modeling", "Applied mathematics", "Oil and gas".
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Zhukova, Galina. Differential equations. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1072180.
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The textbook presents the theory of ordinary differential equations constituting the subject of the discipline "Differential equations". Studied topics: differential equations of first, second, arbitrary order; differential equations; integration of initial and boundary value problems; stability theory of solutions of differential equations and systems. Introduced the basic concepts, proven properties of differential equations and systems. The article presents methods of analysis and solutions. We consider the applications of the obtained results, which are illustrated on a large number of specific tasks. For independent quality control mastering the course material suggested test questions on the theory, exercises and tasks.
 It is recommended that teachers, postgraduates and students of higher educational institutions, studying differential equations and their applications.
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Fyedotov, Grigoriy. Engineering geodesy. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13161.
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Fundamentals of engineering geodesy are stated, its value in a national economy and defense of the country is shown. Unlike earlier published textbooks in the present edition except traditional data on engineering geodesy information on the digital cards used in GIS geographic information systems, and also to the digital TsMM and mathematical MMM models of the district which are a basis of the modern automated design of SAPR on the engineering and geodetic methods and processes which incorporated the last achievements of computer technologies is given: electronic and computer takheometriya, satellite navigation, remote sensing, laser scanning, digital fotogrammetriya.
 In the textbook modern experience of works at researches and construction of highways and airfields, bridge crossings and transport tunnels of the leading design and survey organizations and firms of Russia is generalized.
 For students of automobile and road and construction specialties of higher education institutions. It can be used by the students of the corresponding specialties of technical schools, colleges, certified specialists working in the corresponding areas of transport construction.
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Cevelev, Aleksandr. The economy and material management on a railway transport. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1085329.
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In the textbook in an accessible form presented and discussed the development of the economy and the inventory management of railway transport in the new economic environment. For the first time in Russian literature, made a theoretical attempt at a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of, and satisfaction of needs in material resources structural divisions, subsidiaries and affiliates of JSC "RZD". According to the results of theoretical research, innovative and production potential of the supply system of railway transport the main directions and methods of transformation of the restructuring process under the corporate changes of JSC "RZD", positioned value system of logistics of rail transport, a comprehensive approach to the development of systems of balanced indicators of supply and prompt handling of material resources. Recommendations for the implementation of the developed algorithms and models are long term in nature and are based on the concept of logistics management improve business processes, system logistics.
 For students and teachers, workers of enterprises of railway transport, and others interested in questions of transport Economics.
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Jones, Nolan. The Diversian Method. Glasstree, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20850/9781534204270.
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The Diversian Method is a collection of logics, strategies and rationales that best prepare environments for handling uncertain demands and outcomes. Starting from very loose concepts, this collection gradually builds a concrete and formal understanding of diversity and it’s value within uncertain environments. The volumes contained within this book can be considered as a basis for the Diversian Method in general. Additionally, the content of these volumes will provide the foundations for proceeding volumes and applications of the Diversian Method as a whole. Volume one will explore a general philosophy of diversity and it's relationship towards uncertainty and value theory. The second volume presents formal logics describing diversity and related concepts, and resolves concerns of volume one. Lastly, volume three explores strategies agents can take to best promote diversity and formal logics which describe the inner workings of such strategies.
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Jones, Nolan. The Diversian Method. Glasstree, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20850/9781534204324.
Full textAbstract:
The Diversian Method is a collection of logics, strategies and rationales that best prepare environments for handling uncertain demands and outcomes. Starting from very loose concepts, this collection gradually builds a concrete and formal understanding of diversity and it’s value within uncertain environments. The volumes contained within this book can be considered as a basis for the Diversian Method in general. Additionally, the content of these volumes will provide the foundations for proceeding volumes and applications of the Diversian Method as a whole. Volume one will explore a general philosophy of diversity and it's relationship towards uncertainty and value theory. The second volume presents formal logics describing diversity and related concepts, and resolves concerns of volume one. Lastly, volume three explores strategies agents can take to best promote diversity and formal logics which describe the inner workings of such strategies.
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Irmgard, Marboe. 5 Methods of Valuation in International Practice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198749936.003.0005.
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This chapter analyses how the three most important valuation approaches – the market approach, the income approach, and the asset based or cost approach – are reflected in the practice of international investment tribunals. After a short description of the theoretical concept of the respective approaches at the beginning, the corresponding cases are presented and analysed in some detail. The discussion shows that also other approaches are applied in the practice of tribunals, such as mixed methods, insurance value, tax value or contract based valuation. Tribunals sometimes also consider additional types of damages, such as loss of reputation, liability to subcontractors, costs for damage limitation, repair and maintenance, as well as costs for pursuing the claim.
Book chapters on the topic "Present Value Method"
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Valaskova, Katarina, and Vladimir Bakes. "Calculation of Tax Shields Using the Method of Adjusted Present Value." In Advances in Panel Data Analysis in Applied Economic Research. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70055-7_40.
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Hannay, Jo Erskine. "Benefit and Cost Periodized: Stretching Your Points." In Benefit/Cost-Driven Software Development. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74218-8_7.
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AbstractWhen you estimate the life cycle cost and benefit of your software product, your stakeholders should not only be assured that you will deliver value, but also be informed when that value is expected to manifest itself. Periodization is a common method for showing when a return of investment is expected, and one is often careful to express the present value of future cash (net present value) in such deliberations. This chapter shows how to carry out periodization using points. Periodized points then amount to plan templates that can be instantiated with monetary values according to most likely, bad-case, and good-case uncertainty assessments.
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Carroll, Noel, Finn Olav Bjørnson, Torgeir Dingsøyr, Knut-Helge Rolland, and Kieran Conboy. "Operationalizing Agile Methods: Examining Coherence in Large-Scale Agile Transformations." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58858-8_8.
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Abstract Following the highly pervasive and effective use of agile methods for software development, attention has now turned to the much more difficult challenge of applying these methods in large scale, organization-wide development. However, identifying to what extent certain factors influence success and failure of sustaining large-scale agile transformations remains unclear and there is a lack of theoretical frameworks to guide such investigations. By adopting Normalization Process Theory and specifically ‘coherence’, we compare two large-scale agile transformation case studies and the different perspectives individuals and teams had when faced with the problem of operationalizing the agile method as part of their large-scale agile transformation. The key contributions of this work are: (i) this is a first attempt to present the results of a comparison between a successful and failed large-scale agile transformations; and (ii) we describe the challenges in understanding the rationale, differences, value, and roles associated with the methods to support the large-scale agile transformation. We also present future research for practitioners and academics on large-scale agile transformation.
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Deutsch, Hans-Peter. "Present Value Methods, Yields and Traditional Risk Measures." In Derivatives and Internal Models. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230502109_6.
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Deutsch, Hans-Peter. "Present Value Methods, Yields and Traditional Risk Measures." In Derivatives and Internal Models. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403946089_6.
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Deutsch, Hans-Peter. "Present Value Methods, Yields, and Traditional Risk Measures." In Derivatives and Internal Models. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230234758_5.
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Deutsch, Hans-Peter, and Mark W. Beinker. "Present Value Methods, Yields and Traditional Risk Measures." In Derivatives and Internal Models. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22899-6_5.
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Tchero, Huidi. "Management of Scars in Skin of Color." In Textbook on Scar Management. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_43.
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AbstractKeloids and hypertrophic scars are abnormal scars, produced by an odd wound-healing response to trauma with a higher incidence in pigmented skin patients. They could be painful or itchy, producing functional and/or cosmetic disability. This chapter focuses on defining scars especially in pigmented skin and the different methods for treating keloids that have been investigated in the literature. Up to the present time, the ideal treatment method has not been defined, although numerous modalities have been designated. We will represent the variances among different scar types and their management methods, concentrating on their indications, modes of action, uses, safety, and efficiency of the following therapies: intralesional steroid, injections of silicone gel/sheet, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, electrical stimulation, surgical excision and adjuvant therapy, and cryosurgery. Combination therapies have also shown some value. Still, there is a shortage of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating such treatment modalities. Management of scar in pigmented (colored) skin is clinically challenging. Therefore, strategic assessment and targeted therapy with focus on deterring recurrence are most needed. The quality of evidence is crucial to select efficient treatments for patients with colored skin, presenting with keloid.
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Looks, Hanna, Jannik Fangmann, Jörg Thomaschewski, María-José Escalona, and Eva-Maria Schön. "Towards a Standardized Questionnaire for Measuring Agility at Team Level." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78098-2_5.
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AbstractContext: Twenty years after the publication of the agile manifesto, agility is becoming more and more popular in different contexts. Agile values are changing the way people work together and influence people’s mindset as well as the culture of organizations. Many organizations have understood that continuous improvement is based on measurement.Objective: The objective of this paper is to present how agility can be measured at the team level. For this reason, we will introduce our questionnaire for measuring agility, which is based on the agile values of the manifesto.Method: We developed a questionnaire comprising 36 items that measure the current state of a team’s agility in six dimensions (communicative, change-affine, iterative, self-organized, product-driven and improvement-oriented). This questionnaire has been evaluated with respect to several expert reviews and in a case study.Results: The questionnaire provides a method for measuring the current state of agility, which takes the individual context of the team into account. Furthermore, our research shows, that this technique enables the user to uncover dysfunctionalities in a team.Conclusion: Practitioners and organizations can use our questionnaire to optimize collaboration within their teams in terms of agility. In particular, the value delivery of an organization can be increased by optimizing collaboration at the team level. The development of this questionnaire is a continuous learning process with the aim to develop a standardized questionnaire for measuring agility.
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Graves, Samuel B., Jeffrey L. Ringuest, and Andrés L. Medaglia. "The Linear Project Selection Problem: An Alternative to Net Present Value." In Models & Methods for Project Selection. Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0280-7_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Present Value Method"
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Li, Ziao, Xiaoyu Chen, Yanna Liu, and Song Xiao. "Optimization proposal of waste heat recovery exchanger by net present value method." In 2016 International Conference on Civil, Transportation and Environment. Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccte-16.2016.139.
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Manalo, Romeo G., and Marivic V. Manalo. "Comparing Project Prioritization method and net present value method of capital rationing using kendall's tau distance." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation & Technology. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmit.2010.5492833.
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Maoping Zhou and Saiqun Zou. "On human capital investment of financial decisions in high and new tech enterprises based on net present value method." In 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimsec.2011.6009857.
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Willett, Fred T., and Michael R. Pothier. "An Improved Method for Evaluating Market Value of Turbine Gaspath Component Alternatives." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38707.
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The large installed base of large frame industrial gas turbines has prompted a number of replacement part offerings, in addition to the replacement parts offered by the OEM. Willett [1] proposed an economic model developed to evaluate gas turbine component alternatives for base load and cyclic duty operation. The improved method expands the capability of the earlier model by including risk level as a variable. Power plant operator value of alternative replacement turbine components for a popular large frame industrial gas turbines is evaluated. A baseline case is established to represent the current component repair and replacement situation, assuming no risk. Each of the modes of power plant operation is evaluated from a long-term financial focus. A short-term financial focus is evaluated for contrast and discussed briefly. Long-term focus is characterized by a nine-year evaluation period, while short-term focus is based on first year benefit only. Four factors are varied: part price, output increase, simple cycle efficiency increase, and additional risk. Natural gas fuel is considered at two different gas prices. Peak, off-peak, and spot market electricity prices are considered. Results are calculated and compared using net present value (NPV) criteria. A case study is presented to demonstrate the method’s applicability to a range of different risk scenarios, from ill-fitting replacement parts to catastrophic turbine failure.
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Gong, Yongshun, Zhibin Li, Jian Zhang, Wei Liu, Bei Chen, and Xiangjun Dong. "A Spatial Missing Value Imputation Method for Multi-view Urban Statistical Data." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/182.
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Large volumes of urban statistical data with multiple views imply rich knowledge about the development degree of cities. These data present crucial statistics which play an irreplaceable role in the regional analysis and urban computing. In reality, however, the statistical data divided into fine-grained regions usually suffer from missing data problems. Those missing values hide the useful information that may result in a distorted data analysis. Thus, in this paper, we propose a spatial missing data imputation method for multi-view urban statistical data. To address this problem, we exploit an improved spatial multi-kernel clustering method to guide the imputation process cooperating with an adaptive-weight non-negative matrix factorization strategy. Intensive experiments are conducted with other state-of-the-art approaches on six real-world urban statistical datasets. The results not only show the superiority of our method against other comparative methods on different datasets, but also represent a strong generalizability of our model.
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Serna, Maria, and Joaquim Gabarro. "On the Value of Pedagogical Assets." In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.8007.
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University education is facing new strategical changes that will lead to deep structural changes. Course organization is evolving and the organizational decisions have an economical impact. We propose a method to measure the present value of a pedagogical asset under a return rate. We apply the method to three courses in the Computer Science curricula taught at the Facultat d’Informatica de Barcelona of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona Tech. A large, compulsory, first year course (PRO1), a medium size undergraduate course (ALG) and a small specialized master course (AGT). Our results highlight that the present value gets higher values as a function of the size of the course and it goes in a negative relationship with respect to the level of computer support involved in their teaching.
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Gonzalez-Zugasti, Javier P., Kevin N. Otto, and John D. Baker. "Assessing Value for Product Family Design and Selection." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dac-8613.
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Abstract A platform is the set of elements and interfaces that are common to a family of products. We have previously presented a method for designing product families based on platforms that quantifies performance and cost metrics. That approach allows a team of engineers to design and evaluate candidate platforms, given perfect understanding of the designs and requirements. In this paper we present a model to account for uncertainty present during the development of those product families. Real options concepts are introduced to model the risks and delayed decision benefits present under uncertainty in technologies, funding, etc. We develop a quantitative measure of the value to the company for different family designs, and apply it to select the most appropriate design from the possible alternatives. An application to the design of platform-based families of spacecraft is shown. Results from the models indicated the platforms that were most valuable to the company under different scenarios, as well as the sensitivity of the value of each design to different uncertainty factors.
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KIM, Jaekwang. "Seasonal Heavy Rain Forecasting Method." In 2nd International Conference on Soft Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (SAIM 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111002.
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In this study, we study the technique for predicting heavy / non-rain rainfall after 6 hours from the present using the values of the weather attributes. Through this study, we investigated whether each attribute value is influenced by a specific pattern of weather maps representing heavy and non-heavy rains or seasonally when making heavy / non-heavy forecasts. For the experiment, a 20-year cumulative weather map was learned with Support Vector Machine (SVM) and tested using a set of correct answers for heavy rain and heavy rain. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the heavy rain prediction of SVM showed an accuracy rate of up to 70%, and that it was seasonal variation rather than a specific pattern that influenced the prediction.
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Stefanakos, Christos N. "Nonstationary Extreme-Value Predictions in the Gulf of Mexico." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29383.
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In the present work, return periods of various level values of significant wave height in the Gulf of Mexico are given. The predictions are based on a new method for nonstationary extreme-value calculations that have recently been published. This enhanced method exploits efficiently the nonstationary modeling of wind or wave time series and a new definition of return period using the MEan Number of Upcrossings of the level value x* (MENU method). The whole procedure is applied to long-term measurements of wave height in the Gulf of Mexico. Two kinds of data have been used: long-term time series of buoy measurements, and satellite altimeter data. Measured time series are incomplete and a novel procedure for filling in of missing values is applied before proceeding with the extreme-value calculations. Results are compared with several variants of traditional methods, giving more realistic estimates than the traditional predictions. This is in accordance with the results of other methods that take also into account the dependence structure of the examined time series.
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Maddulapalli, K., S. Azarm, and A. Boyars. "Interactive Product Design Selection With an Implicit Value Function." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/dac-34080.
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We present an automated method to aid a Decision Maker (DM) in selecting the ‘most preferred’ from a set of design alternatives. The method assumes that the DM’s preferences reflect an implicit value function that is quasi-concave. The method is iterative, using three approaches in sequence to eliminate lower-value alternatives at each trial design. The method is interactive, with the DM stating preferences in the form of attribute tradeoffs at each trial design. We present an approach for finding a new trial design at each iteration. We provide an example, the design selection for a cordless electric drill, to demonstrate the method.
Reports on the topic "Present Value Method"
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Maydykovskiy, Igor, and Petras Užpelkis. The Physical Essence of Time. Intellectual Archive, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2450.
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The article considers the model of the space-frequency-time continuum, according to which the physical essence of Time is manifested as a fraction of electromagnetic energy spent on updating a material object in a cyclic process of copying-incarnation. For all structural levels of physical reality, the value of this fraction is a fundamental constant, which can be represented as the tangent of the loss angle, or expressed in radians, as the angle of inclination of the evolutionary spiral, which characterizes the rate of change of states or the duration of events and processes. The value of this constant can be calculated, and its value turns out to be identically equals to the square of the fine structure Constant (α2). The description of the method for identifying a new constant allows us to present the formula of Scientific Discovery as the Physical Essence of Time.
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Ivanova, Iryna, and Elena Afanasieva. MODEL OF INTERACTION BETWEEN ADVERTISING, PR AND JOURNALISM. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11060.
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The article is an overview of the journalism – PR – advertising relationship at the terminological, empirical-analytical and practical levels. It traces the state of the discussion of these correlations in the post-soviet media such as Ukraine. The study describes that domesticating the importance of the appropriate partnership between the three communication technologies. The thesis is that journalism, advertising and PR create a mutual connection that takes place in an atmosphere of PR and advertising permissiveness and deepens with the development of digitalization, Social network development. The present research is based on a comprehensive approach. The inductive and deductive methods are adopted to discuss theoretical materials, and the interdisciplinary research method is used to detect PR-specific features as a philosophy of a new journalism project. The interpretive approach, usually employed to analyze media text as a complex synthetic structure, was also taken into consideration. The analytical method application identified the modern means of substantiating the ideological, esthetical and informative value of brand journalism and spin doctor. The innovative character of modern media as a behavioral strategy in the advertising and PR industry consists in the fact that it is a form of creative production and behavior rather than adapting a specific communication situation. The article examines the main directions of contemporary interactions between PR, advertising and journalism as a media content creation. In this context, it is asserted that advertising, journalism and PR activities can contribute to the creation of media content. At some point, good media content is achieved not only as a result of this competition but also from the correlation between PR, advertising and journalism.
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Richmond, Paul, Adam Potter, David Looney, and William Santee. Terrain coefficients for predicting energy costs of walking over snow. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41602.
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Predicting the energy costs of human travel over snow can be of significant value to the military and other agencies planning work efforts when snow is present. The ability to quantify, and predict, those costs can help planners determine if snow will be a factor in the execution of dismounted tasks and operations. To adjust predictive models for the effect of terrain, and more specifically for surface conditions, on energy costs, terrain coefficients (ƞ) have been developed. By applying knowledge gained from prior studies of the effects of terrain and snow, and by leveraging those existing dismounted locomotion models, we seek to outline the steps in developing an improved terrain coefficient (ƞ) for snow to be used in predictive modeling. Using published data, methods, and a well-informed understanding of the physical elements of terrain, e.g., characterization of snow sinkage (z), this study made adjustments to ƞ-values specific to snow. This review of published metabolic cost methods suggest that an improved ƞ-value could be developed for use with the Pandolf equation, where z=depth (h)*(1 - (snow density (ρ0)/1.186)) and ƞ=0.0005z3 + 0.0001z2 + 0.1072z + 1.2604. This paper provides data-driven improvements to models that are used to predict the energy costs of dismounted movements over snow.
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Ayoul-Guilmard, Q., F. Nobile, S. Ganesh, et al. D6.4 Report on stochastic optimisation for unsteady problems. Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2021.2.003.
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This report brings together methodological research on stochastic optimisation and work on benchmark and target applications of the ExaQute project, with a focus on unsteady problems. A practical, general method for the optimisation of the conditional value at risk is proposed. Three different optimisation problems are described: an oscillator problem selected as a suitable trial and illustration case; the shape optimisation of an airfoil, chosen as a benchmark application in the project; the shape optimisation of a tall building, which is the challenging target application set for ExaQUte. For each problem, the current developments and results are presented, the application of the proposed method is discussed, and the work to be done until the end of the project is laid out.
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Smith, Jijo K., Howell Li, and Darcy M. Bullock. Populating SAE J2735 Message Confidence Values for Traffic Signal Transitions Along a Signalized Corridor. Purdue University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317322.
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The communication between connected vehicles and traffic signal controllers is defined in SAE Surface Vehicle Standard J2735. SAE J2735 defines traffic signal status messages and a series of 16 confidence levels for traffic signal transitions. This paper discusses a statistical method for tabulating traffic signal data by phase and time of day and populating the SAE J2735 messages. Graphical representation of the red-green and green-yellow transitions are presented from six intersections along a 4-mile corridor for five different time of day timing plans. The case study provided illustrates the importance of characterizing the stochastic variation of traffic signals to understand locations, phases, and time of day when traffic indications operate with high predictability, and periods when there are large variations in traffic signal change times. Specific cases, such as low vehicle demand and occasional actuation of pedestrian phases are highlighted as situations that may reduce the predictability of traffic signal change intervals. The results from this study also opens up discussion among transportation professionals on the importance of consistent tabulation of confidence values for both beginning and end of green signal states. We believe this paper will initiate dialog on how to consistently tabulate important data elements transmitted in SAE J2735 and perhaps refine those definitions. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of traffic engineers and connected vehicle developers to work together to develop shared visions on traffic signal change characteristics so that the in-vehicle use cases and human-machine interface (HMI) meet user expectations.
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Murad, M. Hassan, Stephanie M. Chang, Celia Fiordalisi, et al. Improving the Utility of Evidence Synthesis for Decision Makers in the Face of Insufficient Evidence. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcwhitepaperimproving.
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Background: Healthcare decision makers strive to operate on the best available evidence. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) Program aims to support healthcare decision makers by producing evidence reviews that rate the strength of evidence. However, the evidence base is often sparse or heterogeneous, or otherwise results in a high degree of uncertainty and insufficient evidence ratings. Objective: To identify and suggest strategies to make insufficient ratings in systematic reviews more actionable. Methods: A workgroup comprising EPC Program members convened throughout 2020. We conducted interative discussions considering information from three data sources: a literature review for relevant publications and frameworks, a review of a convenience sample of past systematic reviews conducted by the EPCs, and an audit of methods used in past EPC technical briefs. Results: Several themes emerged across the literature review, review of systematic reviews, and review of technical brief methods. In the purposive sample of 43 systematic reviews, the use of the term “insufficient” covered both instances of no evidence and instances of evidence being present but insufficient to estimate an effect. The results of the literature review and review of the EPC Program systematic reviews illustrated the importance of clearly stating the reasons for insufficient evidence. Results of both the literature review and review of systematic reviews highlighted the factors decision makers consider when making decisions when evidence of benefits or harms is insufficient, such as costs, values, preferences, and equity. We identified five strategies for supplementing systematic review findings when evidence on benefit or harms is expected to be or found to be insufficient, including: reconsidering eligible study designs, summarizing indirect evidence, summarizing contextual and implementation evidence, modelling, and incorporating unpublished health system data. Conclusion: Throughout early scoping, protocol development, review conduct, and review presentation, authors should consider five possible strategies to supplement potential insufficient findings of benefit or harms. When there is no evidence available for a specific outcome, reviewers should use a statement such as “no studies” instead of “insufficient.” The main reasons for insufficient evidence rating should be explicitly described.
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Hutchinson, M. L., J. E. L. Corry, and R. H. Madden. A review of the impact of food processing on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in secondary processed meats and meat products. Food Standards Agency, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bxn990.
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For meat and meat products, secondary processes are those that relate to the downstream of the primary chilling of carcasses. Secondary processes include maturation chilling, deboning, portioning, mincing and other operations such as thermal processing (cooking) that create fresh meat, meat preparations and ready-to-eat meat products. This review systematically identified and summarised information relating to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during the manufacture of secondary processed meatand meat products (SPMMP). Systematic searching of eight literature databases was undertaken and the resultantpapers were appraised for relevance to AMR and SPMMP. Consideration was made that the appraisal scores, undertaken by different reviewers, were consistent. Appraisal reduced the 11,000 initially identified documents to 74, which indicated that literature relating to AMR and SPMMP was not plentiful. A wide range of laboratory methods and breakpoint values (i.e. the concentration of antimicrobial used to assess sensitivity, tolerance or resistance) were used for the isolation of AMR bacteria.The identified papers provided evidence that AMR bacteria could be routinely isolated from SPMMP. There was no evidence that either confirmed or refuted that genetic materials capable of increasing AMR in non-AMR bacteria were present unprotected (i.e. outside of a cell or a capsid) in SPMMP. Statistical analyses were not straightforward because different authors used different laboratory methodologies.However, analyses using antibiotic organised into broadly-related groups indicated that Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to third generation cephalosporins might be an area of upcoming concern in SPMMP. The effective treatment of patients infected with Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to cephalosporins are a known clinical issue. No AMR associations with geography were observed and most of the publications identified tended to be from Europe and the far east.AMR Listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria could be tolerant to cleaning and disinfection in secondary processing environments. The basis of the tolerance could be genetic (e.g. efflux pumps) or environmental (e.g. biofilm growth). Persistent, plant resident, AMR L. monocytogenes were shown by one study to be the source of final product contamination. 4 AMR genes can be present in bacterial cultures used for the manufacture of fermented SPMMP. Furthermore, there was broad evidence that AMR loci could be transferred during meat fermentation, with refrigeration temperatures curtailing transfer rates. Given the potential for AMR transfer, it may be prudent to advise food business operators (FBOs) to use fermentation starter cultures that are AMR-free or not contained within easily mobilisable genetic elements. Thermal processing was seen to be the only secondary processing stage that served as a critical control point for numbers of AMR bacteria. There were significant linkages between some AMR genes in Salmonella. Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) resistance genes were associated with copper, tetracycline and sulphonamide resistance by virtue of co-location on the same plasmid. No evidence was found that either supported or refuted that there was any association between AMR genes and genes that encoded an altered stress response or enhanced the survival of AMR bacteria exposed to harmful environmental conditions.
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Methodology of sports working capacity level increase in basketball players on the basis of stimulation and rehabilitation means. Viktor V. Andreev, Igor E. Konovalov, Dmitriy S. Andreev, Aleksandr I. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-5-11.
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The increased level of modern sport development increases the demands claimed on different aspects of the training process with further rehabilitation organization and realization. That is why we still have the problem of an adequate and effective integral system creation. The mentioned direction has a direct connection with the activity of scientists, coaches- practitioners and sports clubs. They have to work within one mechanism of interaction. Materials. Studying the level of working capacity influence stimulation and organism rehabilitation means on an organism of basketball players from higher educational establishments on the basis of a wildgrowing plant root “snowdon rose” (Rhodiola rosea), classical massage with special oils and contrast shower application. Research methods. The following methods were used in the experiment: scientific-methodical sources analysis concerning the level of working capacity and athletes’ functional rehabilitation increase; functional tests; the received video material with the indices analysis; mathematical statistics. The research realization was on the basis of N.F. Katanov State University, Khakassia and Khakassia Technical Institute (branch) of Siberian Federal University in Abakan. Results. During the research work we stated qualitative and quantitative indices of athletes’ coordinating endurance with the help of video together with other mentioned above rehabilitation means; the received results were handled and we revealed positive changes in the studied information values of basketball players’ motor sphere and respiratory system. Conclusion. The results analysis, received after the research, helped to come to the following conclusion: out of the presented components the biological factor in a form of a wild-growing plant root “snowdon rose” (Rhodiola rosea) has the main influence on the working capacity and functional rehabilitation of basketball players’ organisms.
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A STUDY OF COLLAPSE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND RESISTANCE OF LOADED CABLE-SUPPORTED PIPE STRUCTURE SUBJECT TO A SUDDEN BREAK OF CABLE MEMBER. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.7.
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Cable-supported pipe system (CSPS) provides a suitable system of structure for meeting the stringent structural requirements of pipeline bridges. However, due to a composite action of cable with truss and pipe members, the sudden failure of its structural member may lead to undesired vibratory response and collapse. The occurrence of a sudden break of the CSPS structural member is characterized by spontaneous dynamics and internal force rearrangement. The present study aims to investigate parametrically the collapse susceptibility and resistance of scaled down CSPS model in the event of a sudden break of the cable member by combined experimental and numerical procedures. The displacement of the structure, the pattern of internal force rearrangement, and dynamic responses were comparatively evaluated. Experimental results depict imminent cable failure under load and attendant dynamic response, but without a total collapse of the CSPS structure. Critical members causing large dynamic response amplitudes were identified and the mitigation of collapse was evaluated. Dynamic increasing factor (DIF) methods was utilized for the evaluation of the dynamic response of the sudden cable break resulting from the pattern of responses between the cable members and the rest of the CSPS structure. Comparison with provisions in other studies shows higher values DIF of the CSPS cable members which led to proposed evaluation using dynamic factor (DF). Thus, the dynamic factors for the sudden break of various cable members along the span and the errors were also estimated considering the parametric of design variables which will enable easy utilization during the structural process of CSPS.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.