Journal articles: 'Present Value Method'

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Žižlavský, Ondřej. "Net Present Value Approach: Method for Economic Assessment of Innovation Projects." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 156 (November 2014): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.11.230.

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Tırtırogˇlu, Dogˇan. "Valuation of real estate assets using the adjusted present value method." Journal of Property Finance 8, no. 1 (1997): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09588689710160480.

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Kim, Jan R., and Keunsuk Chung. "Regime switching in the present value models: A backward-solving method." Finance Research Letters 32 (January 2020): 101101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.02.001.

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Wan, Wun-Jung, and Peter Chu. "Newton-Raphson method for the expected present value of total inventory costs." Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 20, no. 1 (1999): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02522667.1999.10699405.

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El-Kholy, A. M., M. Y. El-Shikh, and S. K. Abd-Elhay. "Which Fuzzy Ranking Method is Best for Maximizing Fuzzy Net Present Value?" Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 42, no. 9 (2017): 4079–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2573-4.

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Sukmana, Nandang. "Expanded Net Present Value for Various Mining Valuation." Advanced Science Letters 21, no. 4 (2015): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.5929.

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The purpose of this paper to provide a valuation incorporating management flexibility in an uncertain operating environment for valuing various mining in Indonesia. This research raises the question on what strategies in developing valuations models of various mining and how uncertainty such as prices, grades/quality, costs, schedules, quantities, environmental issues and among others which are not known at the beginning of the project, have contributed to the value resulted. The study is based on an Expanded Net Present Value (eNPV) valuation in which uncertainty and management flexibility are incorporated into the valuation. The focus of the research is on the strategy in determining value using Expanded Net Present Value (eNPV) and on how to mitigate the risks of uncertainties. The paper emphasizes the specific characteristics of the actual mining valuation in Indonesia, generated by conventional NPV method commonly used. This was also confirmed in a study carried out by Graham and Campbell (2002), of 392 completed CFO surveys, 74.9% of respondents always or mostly use the Net Present Value (NPV) method of project valuation. However, conventional valuation tools have penalized projects with a high degree of uncertainty and lead to myopic decisions. The research is correlated to diagnose the flexibility of strategic mine planning and to analyze the process of change within the uncertainties. The study allows emphasis on some characteristics of the mining valuation process developed in Indonesia.

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Noch, Tadeusz, and Zdzisław Kusto. "Analysis of the incremental cost method and the net present value method applied in the energy sector." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900075.

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The study characterizes hybrid sources applied in the power industry, created with the use of unconventional energy sources. An example of cooperation of heat pumps and conventional sources was used. The article notes the technological progress also concerning heat exchangers. To calculate economic efficiency, the MKN Incremental Cost Method and the NPV Net Present Value method were used. The article refers to the calculation of investment outlays and operating costs and repayment of a bank loan for individual heat sources. The possibility of assuming separate values of discount rates for the installation of heat pumps and hybrid boilers as well as the comparative installation were shown. Also included is the possibility of adopting a separate discount rate for income derived from savings associated with the purchase of fuel and energy and the sale of heat to a third party consumer. The analysis covered the MKN Incremental Cost Method and the NPV Net Present Value method. The computational algorithm contains costs of hybrid installation with heat pumps and costs of a comparative conventional installation in a version without revenues and with revenues from the sale of heat. Presented is the method of calculating the net present value in the next year of operation, discounting to the zero year and observing in which year the positive value will be obtained. Economic calculations, according to popular views, are the basis for choosing the optimal heating variant. Ecological effects and social demand may provide additional separate criteria in the selection of the heating system.

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Buser, Stephen A., and Bjarne Astrup Jensen. "The First Difference Property of the Present Value Operator." Quarterly Journal of Finance 07, no. 04 (2017): 1750012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139217500124.

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This paper identifies a fundamental relationship between the present value of a given cash flow and the present value of the period by period change in that cash flow. The new relationship is shown to be highly useful for the identification of analytic expressions for present value and related measures such as duration and convexity; expressions that continue to play an instructive role by helping to relate the quantitative outcomes of numerical calculations to the driving forces behind those calculations. This new method applies only simple arithmetic operations and avoids the use of differential calculus and advanced series summation in order to derive these analytic results. We apply the method to a variety of nontraditional cash flows, including cash flows with linear growth or decay, cash flows that are subject to different tax effects for dividends and capital gain, and cash flows that are projected to exhibit cyclical variation over time.

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Hao, Meng Hui, and Kun Wang. "Analysis on Economic Benefit of Pavement Layer Based on Net Present Value Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 1735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.1735.

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This paper explains the method and theory of cost net present value, and uses this method to analyses the economic benefits on several pavement inter layer (emulsified asphalt seal coat, rubber modified asphalt and stress absorbing layer of fiberglass polyester paving mat) during the 15-year period, results showed that rubber modified asphalt and stress absorbing layer of fiberglass polyester paving mat is superior to emulsified asphalt seal coat.

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Koroche, Kedir Aliyi, and Geleta Kinkino Mayu. "Adam-Bash forth-Multan Predictor Corrector Method for Solving First Order Initial value problem and Its Error Analysis." Indian Journal of Advanced Mathematics 1, no. 2 (2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijam.b1112.101221.

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This paper presents fourth order Adams predictor corrector numerical scheme for solving initial value problem. First, the solution domain is discretized. Then the derivatives in the given initial value problem are replaced by finite difference approximations and the numerical scheme that provides algebraic systems of difference equations is developed. The starting points are obtained by using fourth order Runge-Kutta method and then applying the present method to finding the solution of Initial value problem. To validate the applicability of the method, two model examples are solved for different values of mesh size. The stability and convergence of the present method have been investigated. The numerical results are presented by tables and graphs. The present method helps us to get good results of the solution for small value of mesh size h. The proposed method approximates the exact solution very well. Moreover, the present method improves the findings of some existing numerical methods reported in the literature.

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RAJAGOPALAN, DR KAMAL KUMAR. "Valuation Of Fmcg Company Using Adjusted Present Value Model." Restaurant Business 118, no. 8 (2019): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i8.7169.

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Valuation is the process of finding the current net worth of the company or finding the fair & market rate of particular company by consider the market rate of the asset of the company, capital structure of the company. For calculating the current net-worth of the company researcher used APV model for the study. Objective of the paper is to find out the current net-worth of the company, the researcher adopted analytical research method. FCFF, WACC, ROIC and growth rate are data analysis tools used for the study are. From this research it is found that company has to focus on increasing its profit by reducing its expenses. Company has to improve their operations in order to increase in the return on invested capital.

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Орсаг, Силвије. "Модификована чиста садашња вриједност // Modified pure present value". ACTA ECONOMICA 12, № 20 (2014): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/ace1420025o.

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Резиме: Предмет овог рада је модификована чиста садашња вриједност и како она може бити корисно средство за вредновање реалних инвестиционих опортунитета када је опортунитента стопа реинвестирања предузећа различита од њезине стопе финансирања – трошка капитала или ризику прилагођеног трошка капитала (дисконтне стопе). Таква ситуација може наступити код вредновања пројеката малих и брзорастућих предузећа, вредновања пословних комбинација и у ситуацији гдје инвестициони пројекат има различит релевантни или систематски ризик од систематског ризика предузећа. Када је опортунитетна стопа реинвестирања предузећа различита од стопе финансирања, чиста садашња вриједност доводи до одређених некоректних резултата због чега се тражи нова методологија за коректне инвестиционе одлуке. Једна од могућности рјешења овога проблема је употреба модификоване чисте садашње вриједности.Summary: The subject of this paper is a modified net present value, and how it could be a useful tool for real investment opportunities valuation when the firm´s opportunity rate of reinvestment is different from its financing rate – cost of capital, or risk-adjusted cost of capital (discount rate). This situation can occur for small business projects valuation, rapid growth business project valuation, for business combination valuation, and in situation when investment project have different relevant or systematic risk from the firm´s systematic risk. When the firm´s opportunity rate of reinvestment is different from its financing rate net present value method leads to some type of incorrect results that required new methodology for correct investment decision. One of the opportunities to solve this problem is use the modified net present value.

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Doraszelski, Ulrich. "The net present value method versus the option value of waiting: A note on Farzin, Huisman and Kort (1998)." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 25, no. 8 (2001): 1109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1889(00)00023-3.

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Haixia, Hou. "Analysis of Individual Investment on Higher Education based on the Net Present Value Method." Open Cybernetics & Systemics Journal 9, no. 1 (2015): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874110x01509010839.

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Wu, Kuo-Jung, Hsui-Li Lei, Sung-Te Jung, and Peter Chu. "Newton method for determining the optimal replenishment policy for EPQ model with present value." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 18, no. 1 (2008): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor0801053w.

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This paper is a response for the paper of Dohi, Kaio and Osaki, that was published in RAIRO: Operations Research, 26, 1-14 (1992) for an EPQ model with present value. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, the convex and increasing properties for the first derivative of the objective function are proved. Second, we apply the Newton method to find the optimal cycle time. Third, we provide some numerical examples to demonstrate that the Newton method is more efficient than the bisection method. .

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Saraiva, Odirley Willians Miranda, Gustavo Nogueira Dias, Fabricio da Silva Lobato, et al. "Integration method of non-elementary exponential functions using iterated Fubinni integrals." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 9 (2021): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss9.3326.

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The present work presents a new method of integration of non-elementary exponential functions where Fubinni's iterated integrals were used. In this research, some approximations were used in order to generalize the results obtained through mathematical series, in addition to integration methods and double integrals. In addition to the integration methods, the Taylor series was used, where the value found and compatible with the values of the power series that are used to calculate the value of the exponential function demonstrated in the work was verified. In addition to the methods described, a comparison of the values obtained by the series and the values described in the method was improvised, where it was noticed that the higher the value of the variable, the closer the results show a stability for the variable greater than the value 4, described in table 01. The conclusions point to a great improvement, mainly for solving elliptic differential equations and statistical functions.

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Pirogova, Oksana, Evgeny Gorin, and Vladimir Plotnikov. "The algorithms for the environmental finance based on adjusted present value models." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 08021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199108021.

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The article discusses the direction of modification of methods for calculating the optimal capital structure based on compromise theories and, in particular, the method of adjusted cost, which involves taking into account the benefits and costs of debt financing. The tools presented in the article can be used in the practice of environmental financing. The algorithm for calculating the value of the enterprise based on free cash flow is considered, which allows choosing the capital structure from the condition of maximizing the value of the enterprise. The considered theoretical models do not give a complete picture of how to take into account the effect of the tax shield and the possible costs of financial difficulties in making practical decisions related to capital structure. Alternative approaches to the calculation of individual elements and parameters of the method, such as the probability of bankruptcy, are offered. In particular, it was offered to consider logistic regression models for assessing the risk of bankruptcy, as well as to modify the methodology for calculating bankruptcy risk based on a credit rating, taking into account the dependence of the cost of borrowed capital on the level of financial leverage in the enterprise. Further, it is recommended to use a weighted average for the probability of risk of bankruptcy, as well as to carry out adjustment of the value of bankruptcy costs, taking into account the weighted average of the assessment.

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Lin, Huei-Wen, and Huei-Fu Lu. "Evaluating the BOT project of sport facility: an application of fuzzy net present value method." Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering 30, no. 4 (2013): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21681015.2013.818067.

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Infanger, Denis, and Arno Schmidt‐Trucksäss. "P value functions: An underused method to present research results and to promote quantitative reasoning." Statistics in Medicine 38, no. 21 (2019): 4189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.8293.

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Salih, Murad Hussein, Gemechis File Duressa, and Habtamu Garoma Debela. "Numerical solution of singularly perturbed self-adjoint boundary value problem using Galerkin method." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (2020): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v12i3.3.

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This paper presents numerical solution of second order singularly perturbed self-adjoint boundary value problems using weighted residual method of Galerkin type. First, for the given problem, the residue was computed using appropriate approximated basis function which satisfies all the boundary conditions. Then, using the chosen weighting function, integrating the weighted residue over the domain and the given differential equation is transformed to linear systems of algebraic equations. Further, these algebraic equations were solved using Galerkin method. To validate the applicability of the proposed method, two model examples have been considered and solved for different values of perturbation parameter and with different order of basis function. Additionally, convergence of error bounds has been established for the method. As it can be observed from the numerical results, the present method approximates the exact solution very well. Moreover, the present method gives better accuracy when the order of basis function is increased and it also improves the result of the methods existing in the literature. Keywords: Singularly perturbed problems, Self-adjoint problem, Galerkin method, Boundary value problems.

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Woo, Jonghak, Eungdo Kim, Tae-Eung Sung, Jongtaik Lee, Kwangsoo Shin, and Jeonghee Lee. "Developing an Improved Risk-Adjusted Net Present Value Technology Valuation Model for the Biopharmaceutical Industry." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 5, no. 3 (2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030045.

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The financial valuation of a drug that is still under development is required for various purposes. The risk-adjusted net present value (r-NPV) method, which recently emerged in the biotech industry, uses the development attrition rate as a discount factor to reflect risk during each development phase. The r-NPV method was developed to overcome the disadvantages of the prevailing discounted cash flow and real options methods and considers drug type, as well as the stage of development in its approach. Using this method, the current study examines technology values in the biopharmaceutical industry and matches the clinical development periods and success rates of these new drugs by analyzing datasets from ClinicalTrials.gov and MedTrack DB. It thus provides support for an empirical valuation model for experts in the field. Notably, there is limited research on the attrition rate and development period of new substance drugs and the research results are not consistently presented. In addition to new substance drugs, further research is necessary to deepen understanding of the attrition rate and development period of biologically-based drugs because of their inherent physical and developmental differences. Similarly, research on performance specifics within drug class models would enable refinement of the model.

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Quan, Yong, Fei Wang, and Ming Gu. "A Method for Estimation of Extreme Values of Wind Pressure on Buildings Based on the Generalized Extreme-Value Theory." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/926253.

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By analysis of statistical characteristics and probability density distribution of extreme values of wind pressures on the surfaces of a typical low-rise building model and a typical high-rise building model, characteristics of the commonly used methods for estimating the extreme-values of wind pressure are discussed. The relationship between the parameters of the extreme value distribution of wind pressure and its observation length is then deduced based on the generalized extreme value theory and the independence of the observed extreme values. A new method for estimating the extreme values is developed by dividing the time history sample of the wind pressure into several subsamples. The extreme values of the wind pressure coefficients calculated with the present method and those with the commonly used methods are compared and the results indicate that the present method can estimate the extreme values of non-Gaussian wind pressure more accurately than the commonly used ones.

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Horakeri, L. D., S. G. Bubbly, and S. B. Gudennavar. "K-Shell Fluorescence Yield of Thorium Present in its Compound." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 8, no. 2 (2009): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.15.6.

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A simple method, proposed by us earlier, - 2π geometrical configuration coupled with the thickness criterion - to measure the Kshell X-ray fluorescence parameters is extended to high Z material- Thorium. The fluorescent X-rays are generated by a weak Co-57 radioactive source and detected by employing a NaI (Tl) detector spectrometer. Measured value is compared with the best fitted value produced by Hubbell et al. and with the experimental value of Balakrishna et al. We found good agreement with each other, thus establishing the applicability of our simple method for measuring fluorescence yield of high Z element.

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Tian, Dan, Weiya Li, and Cec Yulan Wang. "A Barycentric Interpolation Collocation Method for Linear Nonlocal Boundary Value Problems." Modern Applied Science 10, no. 11 (2016): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n11p140.

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This paper is devoted to the numerical treatment of a class of higher-order multi-point boundary value problem-s(BVPs). The method is proposed based on the Lagrange interpolation collocation method, but it avoids thenumerical instability of Lagrange interpolation. Numerical results obtained by present method compare with othermethods show that the present method is simple and accurate for higher-order multi-point BVPs, and it is eectivefor solving six order or higher order multi-point BVPs.

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Иванишевић, Милорад. "Међузависност додате економске вредности, нето садашње вредности и тржишне вредности предузећа // Interdependence of Economic Value Added, Net Present Value and Market Value of a Company". ACTA ECONOMICA 13, № 22 (2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/ace1522053i.

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Резиме: У чланку се најпре разматра додата економска вредност као метод за мерење перформанси предузећа у временским интервалима од годину дана. Затим се расправља о додатој тржишној вредности као разлици између тржишне вредности предузећа и вредности инвестираног капитала. После тога се објашњава међузависност додате економске вредности и додате тржишне вредности. На крају се показује да постоји повезаност нето садашње вредности као метода за оцену рентабилности инвестиција и тржишне вредности предузећа.Summary: Economic value added as a method for company performance measurement for time periods of one year is firstly analyzed in the paper. After that we discuss market value added as a difference between company market value and value of invested capital. Then the interdependence between economic value added and market value added is explained. Finally, we point out that there is relationship between net present value as a method for investment rentability evaluation and company market value.

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Scott, Michael. "Small company economics–net present value versus net cash flow." APPEA Journal 51, no. 1 (2011): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10023.

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This paper is primarily written for the benefit of the small company that survives hand-to-mouth on a day-to-day basis. Personnel working in large profitable oil companies that spin off lots of positive cash flow may have difficulty empathising with the example. Net present value is a commonly accepted method of project valuation. Globally, projects are valued, ranked, justified, bought and sold using this technique. For all companies, however, cash is considered to be king. Cash funds exploration activities and corporate costs and allows companies to continue trading without returning to shareholders for additional funds. Both the solvency of the company and the dilution of share value are extremely important considerations for company directors. For a small company with income being generated from a single small field, an example is presented where a simple decision is considered: keep the field and live off the annual income or sell the field and live off the declining balance. This is an extremely simple example used to demonstrate the power of cash flow. No alternative investment is available and no exploration success from continued exploration drilling is experienced–the directors are only focused on funding the company’s ongoing obligations. The conclusion from the analysis is that cash flow from a project may be preferred over selling a project for net present value and then funding the company’s obligations from the proceeds of the sale and declining funds balance. The ultimate lesson for companies is that cash flow, however insignificant, can greatly increase their chances of long-term survival.

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Salim, C., S. M. Wahjudhi, and Mariyanto. "Reservoir fluid production optimization to sustain net-present value (NPV) using gradient-based Quasi-Newton method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1876, no. 1 (2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1876/1/012017.

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Monteiro, Lorena Soares, David Araujo Borges, Ticiana Marinho de Carvalho Studart, José Nilson Bezerra Campos, and Francisco Suetônio Bastos Mota. "Calculation method for charging water on shrimp farming." RBRH 21, no. 4 (2016): 789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.011615006.

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ABSTRACT The increase of global water demand has stimulated the application of water charging to seek its rational use. However, the establishment of the water tariff for a certain use is not an easy task, given that this tariff must have an elevated value, sufficient to encourage the rational use, but not so elevated, in a manner that compromises or prevents the development of production activities. The present study aimed to evaluate different water tariff values proposed and applied to the shrimp farming industry in Ceará, from 2003 to 2016, and analyze the sensitivity of the industry to these values. The analyses considered the productive performance of the shrimp farming observed by the producers, production costs for the activity, and incomes earned by the producers in 2008. The present study demonstrated that the only tariff value that makes the sector financially attractive is R$1.00/1,000m3, a lower value than the one previously proposed by the state of Ceará (R$ 31.20/1,000m3), which was reduced in the following years. In this context, a model was developed to fix tariffs for shrimp farming, which considers the payment capacity of the entrepreneur and the production costs to cultivate shrimp.

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Zaborski, Karol, Jan Banaś, and Anna Kożuch. "Determining the value of standing timber for harvest planning optimization." Forest Research Papers 81, no. 2 (2020): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2020-0007.

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Abstract Forest managers conducting sustainable forest management are guided by the principles of sustainable use of natural resources, which involve the need for long and short-term planning in organizational units of the State Forests. Plans often differ from reality by the time individual treatments and cuts are to be performed. For economic reasons, it is important to optimize harvest planning, not only focusing on the volume of timber to be harvested, but also the price differences of individual tree species and sort types of wood. The purpose of this study was to present methods evaluating standing timber and to assess their usefulness in optimizing the harvest volume using linear programming. Stands designated to be cut were evaluated using transaction value methods, i.e. “the stumpage value method” M1, the “consumption value” method M2, as well as the net present value (NPV) method M3. The research material was obtained from the State Forests Information System (SILP) for the Marcule Forest District covering the years 2014–2018. The stand values were determined at the beginning and end of the 10-year planning period. We observed that the stand value (standing timber) differed significantly between method M2 as compared to method M1. the value of stands determined by method M3, on the other hand, decreased as the discount rate increased. In the process of optimizing the selection of stands for felling, economic criteria should also be taken into account and this is a direct measure of obtainable standing timber in terms of the cutting possibility in the given planning period. In stands where one species dominates, a simplified method of determining the value (M1) can be used, whereas in stands with significant species diversity, method M2 provides a significantly more accurate value for the cutting timber. However, if harvest volume optimization using linear programming methods is to take longer time periods into account, e.g. 30 years (three 10-year economic planning periods), the most reasonable method for determining the value of stands is the net present value method M3.

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Dale, Pat E. R., Jon M. Knight, and Peter L. Daniels. "Using Present Value as a Simple Approach to Compare Mosquito Larval Control Methods." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 34, no. 1 (2018): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/17-6684.1.

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ABSTRACT Simple economic-based comparisons of source reduction and larvicide treatment are generally lacking in the mosquito control literature. The aim is to address this by developing an Excel tool that calculates the total present value (PV) of control methods. We use 15 years as the time frame, but this can be varied. Total PV is calculated based on the cost of each method at the start. A 3% discount rate is applied to recurring costs, and one-off costs are included throughout because they are part of the total PV. The data are based on information provided by mosquito control agencies in southeast Queensland, Australia. Values in the tool can be simply edited to reflect specific program characteristics. The outcome for the data used showed that source reduction is an appropriate option if maintenance is minimal. When major maintenance is needed, then larviciding may be the better option, particularly if money is the main consideration. However, if the frequency of applying larvicides increases, then source reduction becomes an increasingly attractive option.

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Lee, Won Seok, and Joon Moon. "Development of a Personal Values Scale For Tourism Using a Mixed Method." Tourism Culture & Communication 20, no. 4 (2020): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/194341420x15915043095820.

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This study aims to develop cross-cultural value measurement scales that can overcome established methodological problems and test the dimensional frameworks of the scale with non-Asian respondents. It applies a mixed-method approach to observe intrinsic, nationally distinct values, and develop a generalized values measurement scale. This study found new value dimensions that were not present in the previous value studies (i.e., life balance, emotional growth, family union, and friendship) and provided segmented subdimensions (i.e., balancing between work and rest, time management, rewards of investment, and self-examination). This complements and enhances the current body of knowledge on value measurement.

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Furati, K. M., and M. A. El-Gebeily. "A higher-order method for nonlinear singular two-point boundary value problems." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 30, no. 5 (2002): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171202013133.

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We present a finite difference method for a general class of nonlinear singular two-point boundary value problems. The order of convergence of the method for such a general class of problems is higher than the previous reported methods. The method yields a fourth-order convergence for the special casep(x)=w(x)=xα,α≥1.

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Oberhausen, Christof, Meysam Minoufekr, and Peter Plapper. "Standardized Value Stream Management Method to Visualize, Analyze and Optimize Cross-Enterprise Value Stream Data." International Journal of Standardization Research 15, no. 2 (2017): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsr.2017070102.

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This article describes how on the way towards a reliable and efficient collaboration in global supply chain networks, organizations are seeking for suitable methods and tools to enhance product and information flows. Based on the evolving Lean Manufacturing methodology in combination with the increased exploitation of ICT, new and diverse Value Stream Management (VSM) approaches are currently used. Thus, a common VSM standard is sought to analyze and visualize valuable data and to synchronize capacities and flows. In this article, the authors present a review of existing VSM approaches, patents and software solutions. Furthermore, a classification comprising four categories that serve as a basis for the ongoing VSM standard development within ISO/TC 154 and a case study of an administrative value stream are shown.

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Van de Rijt, Jeroen, and Sicco Santema. "The Best Value Approach in the Netherlands: A Reflection on Past, Present and Future." Journal for the Advancement of Performance Information and Value 4, no. 2 (2012): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.37265/japiv.v4i2.88.

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More than 15 years ago Dean Kashiwagi created a process called BVP/PIPS (Best Value Procurement/Performance Information Procurement System) at Arizona State University. PIPS is a procurement method that aims to select the most suitable vendor for the job, to spur this vendor on to highest performance, and to reduce the client’s management and control tasks (Kashiwagi, 2009b). Kashiwagi developed the method for several years with the objective of improving the procurement and management of construction projects by reducing risk in selecting the top performer. The method (herein BV approach) has a number of steps, each built around a specific "filter”, which focuses on a different element to separate high and low performers. The early phase of the adoption of the process in the Netherlands has been described by Van de Rijt and Witteveen (2011) in the special issue of the Journal for the Advancement of Performance Information and Value. In this paper an update is given and future developments are described. The paper covers the BV approach, a brief history of PIPS in the Netherlands, technology adoption theory, adoption and adaptation of the technology and future developments.

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Wakjira, Yohannis Alemayehu, and Gemechis File Duressa. "Exponential spline method for singularly perturbed third-order boundary value problems." Demonstratio Mathematica 53, no. 1 (2020): 360–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dema-2020-0024.

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Abstract The exponential spline function is presented to find the numerical solution of third-order singularly perturbed boundary value problems. Convergence analysis of the method is briefly discussed, and it is shown to be sixth order convergence. To validate the applicability of the method, some model problems are solved for different values of the perturbation parameter, and the numerical results are presented both in tables and graphs. Furthermore, the present method gives more accurate solution than some methods existing in the literature.

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Purwar, Archana, and Sandeep Kumar Singh. "DBSCANI: Noise-Resistant Method for Missing Value Imputation." Journal of Intelligent Systems 25, no. 3 (2016): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2014-0172.

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AbstractThe quality of data is an important task in the data mining. The validity of mining algorithms is reduced if data is not of good quality. The quality of data can be assessed in terms of missing values (MV) as well as noise present in the data set. Various imputation techniques have been studied in MV study, but little attention has been given on noise in earlier work. Moreover, to the best of knowledge, no one has used density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) clustering for MV imputation. This paper proposes a novel technique density-based imputation (DBSCANI) built on density-based clustering to deal with incomplete values in the presence of noise. Density-based clustering algorithm proposed by Kriegal groups the objects according to their density in spatial data bases. The high-density regions are known as clusters, and the low-density regions refer to the noise objects in the data set. A lot of experiments have been performed on the Iris data set from life science domain and Jain’s (2D) data set from shape data sets. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE) as well as it is compared with existing K-means imputation (KMI). Results show that our method is more noise resistant than KMI on data sets used under study.

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Zhou, Ming, and Kam C. Yuen. "PORTFOLIO SELECTION BY MINIMIZING THE PRESENT VALUE OF CAPITAL INJECTION COSTS." ASTIN Bulletin 45, no. 1 (2014): 207–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2014.22.

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AbstractThis paper considers the portfolio selection and capital injection problem for a diffusion risk model within the classical Black–Scholes financial market. It is assumed that the original surplus process of an insurance portfolio is described by a drifted Brownian motion, and that the surplus can be invested in a risky asset and a risk-free asset. When the surplus hits zero, the company can inject capital to keep the surplus positive. In addition, it is assumed that both fixed and proportional costs are incurred upon each capital injection. Our objective is to minimize the expected value of the discounted capital injection costs by controlling the investment policy and the capital injection policy. We first prove the continuity of the value function and a verification theorem for the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation. We then show that the optimal investment policy is a solution to a terminal value problem of an ordinary differential equation. In particular, explicit solutions are derived in some special cases and a series solution is obtained for the general case. Also, we propose a numerical method to solve the optimal investment and capital injection policies. Finally, a numerical study is carried out to illustrate the effect of the model parameters on the optimal policies.

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Walton, David W. H. "Assessing importance and value." Antarctic Science 11, no. 4 (1999): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102099000486.

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Efficiency, effectiveness, value for money, importance - these seem to be the mantras of the present age. They are applied to all areas of human activity, including science, yet finding scientifically robust and independent methods of assessing them is difficult. In science how can we show that one group is more effective than another, that the ideas of one individual are more important than those of others, that money invested in one type of research provides better value than in another? In industry the success of most research is measured in new products and profits. But for blue-skies research whose outputs are papers in the scientific literature, the IS1 Citation Index and its various derivatives is still the principal quantitative method used. Its inadequacies for assessments have been detailed - wrong names, linked groups, variable half lives for different subjects, over citation of review and method papers etc. Yet, such is the simplicity ofthe system, many still use the citation value to decide on the destination of their next submission or the value of previously published material.

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WANG, CHUNFENG, and ZHONGCHENG WANG. "A P-STABLE EIGHTEENTH-ORDER SIX-STEP METHOD FOR PERIODIC INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 18, no. 03 (2007): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183107010449.

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In this paper we present a new kind of P-stable eighteenth-order six-step method for periodic initial-value problems. We add the fourth derivatives to our previous P-stable six-step method to increase the accuracy. We apply two classes of well-known problems to our new method and compare it with the previous methods. The numerical results show that the new method is much more stable, accurate and efficient than the previous methods.

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Khan, Aqib Mashood, Saqib Anwar, Munish Kumar Gupta, et al. "Energy-Based Novel Quantifiable Sustainability Value Assessment Method for Machining Processes." Energies 13, no. 22 (2020): 6144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226144.

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Sustainability assessments of cooling/lubrication-assisted advanced machining processes has been demanded by environment control agencies because it is an effective management tool for improving process sustainability. To achieve an effective and efficient sustainability evolution of machining processes, there is a need to develop a new method that can incorporate qualitative indicators to create a quantifiable value. In the present research work, a novel quantifiable sustainability value assessment method was proposed to provide performance quantification of the existing sustainability assessment methods. The proposed method consists of three steps: establishing sustainable guidelines and identifying new indicators, data acquisition, and developing an algorithm, which creates the Overall Performance Assessment Indicator (OPAI) from the sustainability assessment method. In the proposed algorithm, initially, both quantitative and qualitative sustainability indicators are normalized. After weight assignment and aggregation, the OPAI is obtained. The developed algorithm was validated from three literature case studies, and optimal cutting parameters were obtained. The present methodology provides effective guidelines for a machinist to enhance process performance and achieve process optimization. The study also offers a relationship between sustainable and machining metrics for the support of industrial sustainability.

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Shageev, Denis. "Evaluation Method of Net Present Value of Investment Project taking into account the Influence of Environmental Factors." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2019, no. 1 (2019): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201918.

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In the complex and unpredictable environment of the XXI century, in advanced and emerging economies it is becoming increasingly important for investors to adopt new techniques that allows for the most accurate assessment of net present value (NPV) of an investment project through a risk premium or risk adjustment. The existing methods of risk assessment do not always meet the modern requirements of investors due to various limitations and shortcomings. Therefore, the article provides a new technique that allows to assess the NPV taking into account not only the negative but also the positive impact of environmental factors. Drawing on this technique, the authors propose to evaluate the influence of environmental factors using the triad of STEP-, SNW- and SWOT-analysis based on heuristic and expert technologies. It is proposed to check the agreement of the results of evaluation through the Chi-square criterion. The methodology further uses these estimates to calculate the risk premium and adjust the risk to determine the NPV.

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Kulachol, Konthi, and S. S. Marsden. "Economic Comparisons of Barge-Mounted Plants and Conventional Offshore Gas Field Development by the Present-Value Method." Journal of Petroleum Technology 37, no. 03 (1985): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/11150-pa.

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Maurer, M. "Specific net present value: An improved method for assessing modularisation costs in water services with growing demand." Water Research 43, no. 8 (2009): 2121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.008.

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Khoir, Misbahul. "Nilai Waktu Dari Uang Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam." JES (Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah) 1, no. 1 (2016): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/jes.v1i1.5.

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The time value of money is associated with the current value and future value because the money received now is more worth than the money received in the future. However, is the concept of time value of money is appropriate and justified by the Shari'ah? The time value of money is a concept that says that the money of the one rupiah that can be received today is more worth than one rupiah which will be received in the future time. The concept of time value of money is needed by financial managers in making decision when will invest in an asset and determine the source of loan funds that will be chosen. Methods for the time value of money pervade; a) the method of average rate of return. This method measures the level of profit gained by an investment. The disadvantage of this method is ignoring the time value of money; b) the payback period method. The method measures how fast the investment return is, the sooner the better; c) method of net present value (NPV). This method calculates quarrel between the current value of investment and the present value of net cash receipts in the future and calculates quarrel between the present value of cash outflow (investment) and cash inflow (income) per year; d) profitability index method (PI). This method calculates ratio between the present value of net cash receipts in the future and the present value of the investment; and e) the methods of internal rate of return (IRR). If IRR > saving or profit required → decent. Islam views money as a flow concept. Money must rotate in an economy and may not be idle for too long time. Moreover, it lets for years. Islam does not recognize the method of time value of money because this method adds value to money solely with increasing time and not effort. Islam actually knows the money value of time; that is the time has economic value as well as the money value of money. Imam Nawawi provides definition related to value addition for money based solely on the value of time is the category of riba.

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Badgujar, N. P., Y. E. Bhoge, T. D. Deshpande, et al. "Ultrasound assisted organic pigment dispersion: advantages of ultrasound method over conventional method." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 4 (2015): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-04-2014-0033.

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Purpose – The present work aims to deal with ultrasound-assisted organic pigment (phthalocyanine blue and green) dispersion and its comparison with the conventional approach. Design/methodology/approach – Ultrasound is expected to give beneficial results based on the strong shear forces generated by cavitational effects. The dispersion quality for preparation using an ultrasound-based method has been compared with dispersion obtained using high-speed dispersion mill. Effects of different operating parameters such as probe diameter and use of surfactants on the physical properties of dispersion and the colour strength have been investigated. Calculations for the energy requirement for two approaches have also been presented. Findings – The use of sodium dodecyl sulphate and Tween 80 surfactants shows better performance in terms of the colour properties of dispersion prepared in water and organic solvent, respectively. Ultrasound gives better dispersion quality as compared to the conventional approach. Originality/value – The present work presents a new approach of ultrasound-assisted dispersion of phthalocyanine blue and green pigments. Understanding into the effect of surfactants and type of solvent also presents new important design-related information.

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CARTE, NORMAN. "THE MAXIMUM ACHIEVABLE PROFIT METHOD OF PATENT VALUATION." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 02, no. 02 (2005): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877005000435.

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The maximum achievable profit method of patent valuation mitigates problems associated with the contemporary discounted cash flows method. According to this new method, the maximum incremental profit that commercialization of a patent can achieve under ideal circumstances is determined. The present value of this profit is the highest valuation that the patent can receive. All of the factors that are known to affect the value of a patent are graded to provide a score. A transfer function uses the score, the present value of the maximum achievable incremental profit, and an investment amount to determine a valuation.

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LU, HONG-LIN, JI-JUN ZHANG, XIAO-HUA TAN, XIAO-PING LI, and JIA-HUI ZHAO. "A FRACTAL ANALYSIS FOR NET PRESENT VALUE OF MULTI-STAGE HYDRAULIC FRACTURED HORIZONTAL WELL." Fractals 25, no. 04 (2017): 1740011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x17400114.

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Because of the low permeability, multi-stage hydraulic fractured horizontal wells (MHFHWs) occupy a dominant position among production wells in tight gas reservoir. However, net present value (NPV) estimation method for MHFHW in tight gas reservoirs often ignores the effect of heterogeneity in microscopic pore structure. Apart from that, a new fractal model is presented for NPV of MHFHW, based on the fractal expressions of formation parameters. First, with the aid of apparent permeability model, a pseudo pressure expression considering both reservoir fractal features and slippage effect is derived, contributing to establish the productivity model. Secondly, economic assessment method is built based on the fractal productivity model, in order to obtain the NPV of MHFHW. Thirdly, the type curves are illustrated and the influences of different fractal parameters are discussed. The pore fractal dimensions [Formula: see text] and the capillary tortuosity fractal dimensions [Formula: see text] have significant effects on the NPV of an MHFHW. Finally, the proposed model in this paper provides a new methodology for analyzing and predicting the NPV of an MHFHW and may be conducive to a better understanding of the optimal design of MHFHW.

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AL-Smadi, Mohammed, Omar Abu Arqub, and Ahmad El-Ajou. "A Numerical Iterative Method for Solving Systems of First-Order Periodic Boundary Value Problems." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/135465.

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The objective of this paper is to present a numerical iterative method for solving systems of first-order ordinary differential equations subject to periodic boundary conditions. This iterative technique is based on the use of the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method in which every function satisfies the periodic boundary conditions. The present method is accurate, needs less effort to achieve the results, and is especially developed for nonlinear case. Furthermore, the present method enables us to approximate the solutions and their derivatives at every point of the range of integration. Indeed, three numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the present method. Results obtained show that the numerical scheme is very effective and convenient for solving systems of first-order ordinary differential equations with periodic boundary conditions.

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Ford, Neville J., Maria L. Morgado, and Magda Rebelo. "High Order Numerical Methods for Fractional Terminal Value Problems." Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 14, no. 1 (2014): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cmam-2013-0022.

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Abstract. In this paper we present a shooting algorithm to solve fractional terminal (or boundary) value problems. We provide a convergence analysis of the numerical method, derived based upon properties of the equation being solved and without the need to impose smoothness conditions on the solution. The work is a sequel to our recent investigation where we constructed a nonpolynomial collocation method for the approximation of the solution to fractional initial value problems. Here we show that the method can be adapted for the effective approximation of the solution of terminal value problems. Moreover, we compare the efficiency of this numerical scheme against other existing methods.

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Wang, Zhongcheng, Deying Zhao, Yongming Dai, and Dongmei Wu. "An improved trigonometrically fitted P-stable Obrechkoff method for periodic initial-value problems." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 461, no. 2058 (2005): 1639–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2004.1438.

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In this paper we present an improved P-stable trigonometrically fitted Obrechkoff method with phase-lag (frequency distortion) infinity. Compared with the previous P-stable trigonometrically fitted Obrechkoff method developed by Simos, our new method is simpler in structure and more stable in computation. We have also improved the accuracy of the first-order derivative formula. From the numerical illustration presented, we can show that the new method is much more accurate than the previous methods.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Present Value Method'

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