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1
Wang, Changhong. "(Digital Presentation) All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries: From Materials and Interface Design to Practical Pouch Cell Engineering." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 6 (July 7, 2022): 2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0162435mtgabs.
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All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have gained substantial attention because of their intrinsic safety and high energy density.1 However, the commercialization of ASSLBs has been stymied by insufficient ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes, significant interfacial challenges, as well as the large gap between fundamental research and practical engineering. Over the past several years, we have been dedicated to developing ASSLBs from solid electrolyte synthesis to interface design to engineering practical solid-state pouch cells. First, a wet-chemistry method with a low cost was proposed to produce solid-state electrolytes at the kilogram level with a high room-temperature ionic conductivity (> 1 mS.cm-1).2 Second, the interfacial challenges of ASSLBs have been well addressed via increasing the ionic conductivity of interfacial buffer layers,3 manipulating interfacial nanostructures,4, 5 using single-crystal cathodes,6 deciphering interfacial reaction mechanisms,7 and constructing artificial solid electrolyte interphases (SEI),8 which successfully boosted interfacial ion and electron transport kinetics.9 Resultantly, ASSLBs demonstrated superior electrochemical performance. Third, practical solid-state pouch cells with high energy density have been engineered. Recently, a solvent-free process was proposed to fabricate freestanding and ultrathin inorganic solid electrolyte membranes.10 Furthermore, a feasible solid-liquid transformable interface was devised to improve the solid-solid ionic contact and accommodate the significant volume change of solid-state pouch cells.11, 12 The resultant solid-state pouch cells successfully demonstrated high energy density and unparalleled safety. In summary, our research not only provides an in-depth understanding of solid electrolyte synthesis and rational interface design but also offers feasible strategies to commercialize ASSLBs with high energy density, low cost, and excellent safety. References C. Wang, J. Liang, Y. Zhao, M. Zheng, X. Li and X. Sun, Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 2577-2619. C. Wang, J. Liang, J. Luo, J. Liu, X. Li, F. Zhao, R. Li, H. Huang, S. Zhao, L. Zhang, J. Wang and X. Sun, Sci. Adv., 2021, 7, eabh1896. C. Wang, J. Liang, S. Hwang, X. Li, Y. Zhao, K. Adair, C. Zhao, X. Li, S. Deng, X. Lin, X. Yang, R. Li, H. Huang, L. Zhang, S. Lu, D. Su and X. Sun, Nano Energy, 2020, 72, 104686. C. Wang, X. Li, Y. Zhao, M. N. Banis, J. Liang, X. Li, Y. Sun, K. R. Adair, Q. Sun, Y. Liu, F. Zhao, S. Deng, X. Lin, R. Li, Y. Hu, T.-K. Sham, H. Huang, L. Zhang, R. Yang, S. Lu and X. Sun, Small Methods, 2019, 3, 1900261. C. Wang, J. Liang, M. Jiang, X. Li, S. Mukherjee, K. Adair, M. Zheng, Y. Zhao, F. Zhao, S. Zhang, R. Li, H. Huang, S. Zhao, L. Zhang, S. Lu, C. V. Singh and X. Sun, Nano Energy, 2020, 76, 105015. C. Wang, R. Yu, S. Hwang, J. Liang, X. Li, C. Zhao, Y. Sun, J. Wang, N. Holmes, R. Li, H. Huang, S. Zhao, L. Zhang, S. Lu, D. Su and X. Sun, Energy Storage Mater., 2020, 30, 98-103. C. Wang, S. Hwang, M. Jiang, J. Liang, Y. Sun, K. Adair, M. Zheng, S. Mukherjee, X. Li, R. Li, H. Huang, S. Zhao, L. Zhang, S. Lu, J. Wang, C. V. Singh, D. Su and X. Sun, Adv. Energy Mater., 2021, 11, 2100210. C. Wang, Y. Zhao, Q. Sun, X. Li, Y. Liu, J. Liang, X. Li, X. Lin, R. Li, K. R. Adair, L. Zhang, R. Yang, S. Lu and X. Sun, Nano Energy, 2018, 53, 168-174. C. Wang, K. Adair and X. Sun, Acc. Mater. Res., 2022, 3, 21-32. C. Wang, R. Yu, H. Duan, Q. Lu, Q. Li, K. R. Adair, D. Bao, Y. Liu, R. Yang, J. Wang, S. Zhao, H. Huang and X. Sun, ACS Energy Lett., 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02261, 410-416. C. Wang, Q. Sun, Y. Liu, Y. Zhao, X. Li, X. Lin, M. N. Banis, M. Li, W. Li, K. R. Adair, D. Wang, J. Liang, R. Li, L. Zhang, R. Yang, S. Lu and X. Sun, Nano Energy, 2018, 48, 35-43. C. Wang, K. R. Adair, J. Liang, X. Li, Y. Sun, X. Li, J. Wang, Q. Sun, F. Zhao, X. Lin, R. Li, H. Huang, L. Zhang, R. Yang, S. Lu and X. Sun, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2019, 29, 1900392.
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Xu, Guobao, and Wei Zhang. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Simple Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 53 (July 7, 2022): 2235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01532235mtgabs.
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Electrodes are essential for electrochemical analysis. Numerous bare electrodes and chemically modified electrodes have been utilized for electrochemical sensing. Common bare electrodes, such as platinum electrode, gold electrode and glassy carbon electrode, are relatively expensive. It requires good skills to fabricate chemically modified electrodes to get reproducible results. In recent years, we have exploited the applications of some simple electrodes for electrochemical sensing and biosensing [1-5]. We have used stainless steel electrode for electrochemical detection and electrochemiluminescent detection of hydrogen peroxide, glucose, and the activity of glucose oxidase [1,2]. The automatic formation of passivation layer on stainless steel electrode not only results in unique electrochemical sensing performance but also avoid complex modification of electrode. We have also developed stainless steel electrode as a new driving electrode with low background for bipolar electrogenerated chemiluminescence [3]. Moreover, we have developed carbon paste electrodes as effective electrode for sensitive detection of sodium azide and cathodic electrochemiluminescence [4,5]. Finally, we have developed a wireless electrode array chip for wireless electrochemiluminescence analysis [6,7]. Acknowledgment We are grateful for financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22004116 and 21874126). References [1] A. Kitte, M. N. Zafar, Y. T. Zholudov, X.i Ma, A. Nsabimana, W. Zhang, G. Xu. Anal. Chem., 2018, 90, 8680. [2] A. Kitte, W. Gao, Y. T. Zholudov, L. Qi, A. Nsabimana, Z. Liu, G. Xu. Anal. Chem., 2017, 89, 9864. [3] Yuan, L. Qi, T. H. Fereja, D. V. Snizhko, Z. Liu, W. Zhang, G. Xu. Electrochim. Acta, 2018, 262, 182. [4] Li, M. Han, F. Wu, A. Nsabimana, W. Zhang, J. Li, G. Xu. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2018, 410, 4953. [5] Tian, S. Han, L. Hu, Y. Yuan, J. Wang, G. Xu. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2013, 405, 3427. [6] Qi, Y. Xia, W. Qi, W. Gao, F. Wu, G. Xu. Anal. Chem., 2016, 88, 1123. [7] Qi, J. Lai, W. Gao, S. Li, S. Hanif, G. Xu. Anal. Chem., 2014, 86, 8927.
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Nagahara, Shingo, Yohei Okada, Yoshikazu Kitano, and Kazuhiro Chiba. "(Digital Presentation) Electrochemical Peptide Synthesis Utilizing Triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) in a Biphasic System." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 42 (July 7, 2022): 1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01421844mtgabs.
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Recently, peptides have been recognized as candidates for medium molecular medicines, which refers to pharmaceutical compounds whose molecular weights are roughly in the 1000 to 5000 range. This class of medicines has more specificity and fewer side effects than conventional small molecular medicines. However, an amount of waste derived from coupling reagents is regarded as a serious drawback of peptide synthesis from a green chemistry viewpoint.1 To address this issue, we have developed an electrochemical peptide synthesis utilizing triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) in a biphasic system (MeCN-c-Hex).2 Anodic oxidation of Ph3P generates a phosphine radical cation, which serves as the coupling reagent to activate carboxylic acids followed by peptide bond formation and production of triphenylphosphine oxide (Ph3PO) as a stoichiometric byproduct.3 Given that methods to reduce Ph3PO to Ph3P have been reported,4 Ph3P can be a recyclable byproduct unlike byproducts from typical coupling reagents. In the optimized condition, we found that all canonical amino acids can be applied to electrochemical peptide bond formation and succeeded in the selective recovery of desired peptides and Ph3PO in combination with a soluble tag-assisted liquid-phase peptide synthesis. Moreover, a commercial peptide active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), leuprorelin, was successfully synthesized without the use of traditional coupling reagents. Reference 1. M. C. Bryan, P. J. Dunn, D. Entwistle, F. Gallou, S. G. Koenig, J. D. Hayler, M. R. Hickey, S. Hughes, M. E. Kopach, G. Moine, P. Richardson, F. Roschangar, A. Steven and F. J. Weiberth, Green Chem., 2018, 20, 5082–5103. 2. S. Nagahara, Y. Okada, Y. Kitano, K. Chiba, Chem. Sci., 2021, 12, 12911–12917. 3. A. Palma, J. Cardenas and B. A. Frontana-Uribe, Green Chem., 2009, 11, 283–293. 4. D. Hérault, D. H. Nguyen, D. Nuel and G. Buono, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, 44, 2508–2528. Figure 1
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Fukata, Naoki, and Wipakorn Jevasuwan. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Photovoltaic Applications Using Energy Transfer Characteristics from Quantum Dots." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 20 (October 9, 2022): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0220919mtgabs.
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Silicon-related materials are most commonly used in solar cells and become now an invaluable material. However, a reported maximum energy conversion efficiency of Si solar cell is close to reaching its theoretical limits. To further improve the cell performance and create new functions, it will become increasingly important to functionalize Si materials using nanostructures. One- and zero-dimensional Si nanostructures called Si nanowires (SiNWs) and Si quantum dots (Si QDs) are increasingly being used as new solar cell materials. Our group has shown that the conversion efficiency of solar cells can be increased by the non-radiation energy transfer (NRET) from Si QDs [1]. Recently, research has been developed on compound semiconductor QDs and perovskite QDs, and the conversion efficiency has been successfully increased [3-7]. n-type SiNW arrays were fabricated by electroless etching and Bosch & nanoimprint lithography followed by CVD process. The CVD process was performed to form p-type Si layer for pn homojunction. Hybrid heterojunction cells of PEDOT:PSS and n-SiNWs were also fabricated. Passivation by ozone and hydrogen were applied to improve the solar cell properties [2]. After the cell fabrications, the solar cells were coated with Si QDs, CdZnS/ZnS QDs, CdZnSe/ZnS QDs and perovskite QDs. The fabrication methods and conditions of QDs have been reported elsewhere [1-7] Energy transfer effects such as NRET are new ways of increasing solar cell efficiency. To effectively use the NRET effect, the surface of Si QDs should be fully passivated by ligand molecules. The NRET process is a highly distance-dependent phenomenon, and its dependence on the length of the passivation ligands clearly showed this. NRET efficiency was increased by shortening the ligand length from 1-octadecene to 1-octene, resulting in higher JSC, ultimately providing higher energy conversion efficiency. The efficiency was increased about 1-2 % by adding SiQDs. We also observed the same effect for CdZnS/ZnS QDs, CdZnSe/ZnS QDs and perovskite CsPbCl3 QDs. In these cases, in addition to the NRET effect, the radiative energy transfer (RET) effect also contributes to the increase in conversion efficiency. References: [1] M. Dutta et al, ACS Nano 2015, 9, 6891 (2015). [2] M. Dutta et al, Nano Energy 2015, 11, 219. [3] N. Fukata et al., Small 2017, 13, 1701713. [4] J. Chen et al., Nano Energy 2019, 56, 604. [5] M. F. Abdelbar et al., Nano Energy 2020, 77, 105163. [6] M. Abdelhameed et al., Nano Energy 2020, 82, 105728. [7] M. F. Abdelbar et al., Nano Energy 2021, 89, 106470.
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Frauenrath, Marvin, Lara Casiez, Omar Concepción Díaz, Nicolas Coudurier, Nicolas Gauthier, Sidi-Mohammed N'hari, Emmanuel Nolot, et al. "(G03 - Best Student Presentation Award) Advances in In-situ Boron and Phosphorous Doping of SiGeSn." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 32 (October 9, 2022): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02321165mtgabs.
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A CMOS compatible, direct bandgap material for optical interconnects can be obtained by alloying Ge with Sn 1, applying tensile stress to Ge 2 or both 3. Lasing in GeSn was demonstrated in 2015 4 by Wirths et al., followed in 2020 by electrically pumped lasing up to 100K 5 and, in 2022, optically pumped lasing at room temperature 6,7. In-situ doped SiGeSn might offer high dopant incorporation, while delivering good electronic confinement, improving thereby the performances of devices. Such doped layers can be used in photodetectors 8–10, light-emitting diodes 11–13 and modulators 14,15 operating at wavelengths higher than 1.55 µm, enabling their use in future CMOS compatible lab-on-a-chip devices with integrated light sources 5,16,17. The in-situ doping of SiGeSn was compared to that of GeSn. All layers were grown at 349 °C, 100 Torr in a 200 mm Epi Centura 5200 RP-CVD tool from Applied Materials. Ge strain relaxed buffers were used to accommodate the lattice mismatch between (Si)GeSn and the Si substrates 18. The F(Ge2H6)/F(H2), F(Si2H6)/F(H2) and the F(SnCl4)/F(H2) Mass-Flow Ratios (MFRs) were constant at 7.92x10-4, 1.25x10-3, and 4.69x10-5, respectively. In-situ doped SiGeSn Growth Rates (GRs), shown in Figure 1 (a), were around 30 nm min.-1. They were below that of GeSn:B and GeSn:P (40 nm min.-1). The latter significantly increased for high dopant flows. Meanwhile, SiGeSn:B GR slightly increased and SiGeSn:P GR decreased as the dopant flow increased. B2H6 and PH3 might have opened surface sites for GeSn and SiGeSn:B, while the formation of gas phase intermediates might have reduced the SiGeSn:P GR. Interestingly, the surface quality improved significantly for in-situ doped SiGeSn, reaching the same quality as that of GeSn for high dopant flows, as shown in Figure 1 (b). Surfaces had RMS roughness values below 0.40 nm, close to that of GeSn, with a full surface cross-hatch recovery. There was, for in-situ doped GeSn, a Sn content reduction for high dopant flows (Figure 1 (c)+(d)) most likely because SnCl4 was mass-transport limited19 and not impacted by a larger amount of open surface sites. The influence of dopants on the layer composition was even more pronounced in SiGeSn:B. Si/Sn ratios of 3.5, with Si contents of up to 25%, were obtained, which should result in improved electrical confinement. The formation of Si and Ge gas phase intermediates might explain why Sn contents were higher, in SiGeSn:P, for high PH3 flows. Such insights should yield better control of Si and Sn contents in stacks for optical or electronic purposes. Electrically active carrier concentrations c active of the order of 2x1020 cm-3 were achieved in SiGeSn:B (Figure 1 (e)). These were seven times higher than the 3x1019 cm-3 obtained for GeSn:B. For GeSn:P, c active was likely limited by the formation of SnmPnV nanoclusters. It was at most 7x1019 cm-3 (Figure 1 (f)). Four times higher c active values were obtained for SiGeSn:P with at most 3x1020 cm-3. No decrease of c active was observed for high PH3 flows in SiGeSn:P. This might have been due to the formation of fewer SnmPnV nanoclusters. Such c active values and better electrical confinement were used to fabricate (Si)GeSn based photodiodes with improved electroluminescent integrated intensity compared to photodiodes with doped Ge contact layers. Gassenq, A. et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 109, 242107 (2016). Elbaz, A. et al. Nat. Photonics 14, 375–382 (2020). Chrétien, J. et al. ACS Photonics 6, 2462–2469 (2019). Wirths, S. et al. Nat. Photonics 9, 88–92 (2015). Zhou, Y. et al. Optica 7, 924 (2020). Chrétien, J. et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 120, 051107 (2022). Bjelajac, A. et al. Opt. Express 30, 3954 (2022). Li, X. et al. Photonics Res. 9, 494 (2021). Zhou, H. et al. Opt. Express 28, 10280 (2020). Wu, S. et al. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 28, 1–9 (2022). Stange, D. et al. Optica 4, 185 (2017). Oehme, M. et al. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26, 187–189 (2014). Schwartz, B. et al. Opt. Lett. 40, 3209 (2015). Bertrand, M. et al. 2020 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) 1–2 (IEEE, 2020). Zhou, H. et al. Opt. Express 28, 34772 (2020). Casiez, L. et al. 2020 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) 1–2 (IEEE, 2020). Soref, R. Nat. Photonics 4, 495–497 (2010). Hartmann, J. M. & Aubin, J. J. Cryst. Growth 488, 43–50 (2018). Margetis, J. et al. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 37, 021508 (2019). Figure 1
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Han, Fudong. "(Electrodeposition Division Early Career Investigator Award) Understanding and Controlling Electrodeposition of Li in Solid Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 24 (October 9, 2022): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02241007mtgabs.
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The successful integration of Li metal anode with solid electrolytes seems to be a must for a high-energy-density solid-state battery. However, Li dendrites tend to form in solid electrolytes during Li plating. The formation of dendrites has been observed in solid electrolytes with various crystal structures from glass, glass-ceramic, poly-crystalline to single-crystalline materials, but the mechanism of such an unexpected dendrite growth remains elusive. In this presentation, I will introduce our understandings of lithium dendrite formation in solid electrolytes based on operando neutron depth profiling characterizations. The results highlight the important role of electronic conduction in solid electrolytes in the formation of isolated Li dendrites in solid electrolytes. I will then present our recent results in understanding the intrinsic value, voltage dependence, and charge carrier of electronic transport in typical lithium solid electrolytes. Lastly, I will introduce corresponding strategies to suppress dendrite formation in solid-state Li metal batteries. Reference s : [1] F. Han, A. S. Westover, J. Yue, X. Fan, F. Wang, M. Chi, D. N. Leonard, N. J. Dudney, H. Wang, C. Wang, Nature Energy, 4 (2019) 187. [2] F. Han, J. Yue, X. Zhu, C. Wang, Advanced Energy Materials, 8 (2018) 1703644. [3] F. Han, J. Yue, C. Chen, N. Zhao, X. Fan, Z. Ma, T. Gao, F. Wang, X. Guo, C. Wang, Joule, 2 (2018) 497. [4] X. Fan, X. Ji, F. Han, J. Yue, J. Chen, L. Chen, T. Deng, J. Jiang, C. Wang, Science Advances, 4 (2018) eaau9245. [5] R. Xu, F. Han, X. Fan, J. Tu, C. Wang, Nano Energy, 53 (2018) 958. [6] Y. Huang, B. Shao, F. Han, Current Opinions in Electrochemistry, 33 (2022) 100933. [7] Y. Huang, B. Shao, F. Han, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 10 (2022) 12350. [8] F. Han, Y. Zhu, X. He, Y. Mo, C. Wang, Advanced Energy Materials, 6 (2016) 1501590. [9] F. Han, T. Gao, Y. Zhu, K. J. Gaskell, C. Wang, Advanced Materials, 27 (2015) 3473.
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Smida, Hassiba, Christine Thobie-Gautier, Mohammed Boujtita, and Estelle Lebegue. "(Digital Presentation) Electrochemical Single Impact Method for Electroactive Bacterial Detection Onto Carbon Ultramicroelectrode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 52 (October 9, 2022): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02521992mtgabs.
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This work aims to design a high sensitivity and selectivity biosensor based on the electrochemistry of single impacts onto ultramicroelectrode (UME) to detect and identify various bacterial strains. The main objective is to establish a unique electrochemical signature for each bacterial cell through the individual impact event signal on the surface of the UME [1, 2]. First, we focus on the detection of well-known electroactive Gram-negative bacteria such as Shewanella oneidensis in order to be able to selectively detect these different single cells. In this case, the strategy currently used is to record a chronoamperometric curve in an aqueous potassium phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4) solution containing a redox probe at an UME polarized at the oxidation or reduction potential of the electrochemical active aqueous species and to observe a “current step” when one bacterium impacts the UME, corresponding to a “blocking effect” [3] (Figure A). The response signal expected from single bacterium collision may also be a “current spike” corresponding to either the own electrochemical activity of the bacterium toward the redox probe and the UME applied potential or a “bouncing effect” of the bacterium which does not stick onto UME surface (Figure B). In order to be able to identify the type of bacterial cell striking the UME surface, an adapted functionalization (covalent grafting via reduction of diazonium aryl salts) with appropriate affinity (bio)chemical species such as antibodies or aptamers could be performed. This strategy could confer to the UME surface a selectivity of the signal generated during single impacts. For example, the electro-grafting of diazo-pyridinium cations for microbial fuel cell electrodes showed to promote and improve the development of bacterial electroactive films [4]. [1] E. Lebègue, N. L. Costa, R. O. Louro, F. Barrière, J. Electrochem. Soc. 16 (2020) 105501 [2] A. T. Ronspees, S. N.Thorgaard, Electrochimica Acta. 278 (2018) 412-420 [3] G. Guanyue, W. Dengchao, B. Ricardo, Z. Jinfang, M. Michael V. Anal. Chem. 90 (2018) 12123−12130 [4] H. Smida, E. Lebègue, J-F. Bergamini, F. Barrière, C. Lagrost, Bioelectrochemistry. 120 (2018) 157-165 Figure 1
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Wang, Jian. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Regulating the Dynamic Surface Reconstruction of a Layered Cobalt Oxide Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 34 (July 7, 2022): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01341352mtgabs.
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Water electrolysis conditions accelerate the dissolution and corrosion of electrocatalysts, changing their surface and/or bulk composition/structure from the original states. This dynamic reconstruction process redefines the catalytically active species. However, rational control of the in-situ surface reconstruction for electrocatalysts is tremendously challenging. Here, we proposed a novel redox-tuning method to precisely modulate the surface reconstruction and to favor the water oxidation activity. For a category of layered transition metal oxide (AMO2: A = alkaline metal, M = transition metal), redox of transition metal during the alkaline OER was in-situ tuned to engineer the catalyst leaching potential, manipulate the cation leaching amount, and redirect the dynamic catalyst reconstruction. Specifically, Cl doping lowered the cobalt valence state of LiCoO2 and the further OER potential for its in-situ cobalt oxidation triggering Li leaching. Operando XAFS and DFT calculations confirmed that such modulation bypassed the less favorable surface reconstruction by forming Li1-xCo2O4-type spinel structure, transforming the surface of LiCoO1.8Cl0.2 into a more catalytically-active (oxy)hydroxide phase. The proposed method could be potentially generalized to manipulate the surface reconstruction of other pre-catalysts. References 1. Wang, J.; Gao, Y.; Kong, H.; Kim, J.; Choi, S.; Ciucci, F.; Hao, Y.; Yang, S.; Shao, Z.; Lim, J., Non-precious-metal catalysts for alkaline water electrolysis: operando characterizations, theoretical calculations, and recent advances. Chemical Society Reviews 2020, (49), 9154-9196. 2. Wang, J.; Kim, S.-J.; Liu, J.; Gao, Y.; Choi, S.; Han, J.; Shin, H.; Jo, S.; Kim, J.; Ciucci, F.; Kim, H.; Li, Q.; Yang, W.; Long, X.; Yang, S.; Cho, S.-P.; Chae, K. H.; Kim, M. G.; Kim, H.; Lim, J., Redirecting dynamic surface restructuring of a layered transition metal oxide catalyst for superior water oxidation. Nature Catalysis 2021, 4 (3), 212-222.
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Tringides, Michael C. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) High Quality 2-D Materials Characterized Paradoxically from Broad Diffraction Features." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 12 (July 7, 2022): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0112854mtgabs.
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Paradoxically a very broad diffraction background, named the Bell-Shaped-Component (BSC), has been established as a feature of graphene growth. Recent diffraction studies as a function of electron energy on Gr/SiC have shown that the BSC is not related to scattering interference. The broad background is in-phase with the Bragg component of both the (00) and Gr(10) spots. Instead textbook diffraction states it should be out-of-phase since it should originate from destructive interference between adjacent terraces[1]. Additional experiments were carried out as a function of temperature over the range 1200° C-1300° C that single-layer-graphene (SLG) grows. Quantitative fitting of the profiles shows that the BSC follows the increase of the G(10) spot, proving directly that the BSC indicates high quality graphene[2]. The BSC has been also seen in graphene on metals including Gr/Ir(111) and on h-BN/Ir(111)[3,4]. Its presence in such a wide range of 2-materials suggests its origin must be general and fundamental, related to their unusual single layer uniformity. The BSC can be a diagnostic of high quality in the growth of other 2-d materials. One possible explanation of the BSC relates to electron confinement within a single uniform layer, according to the uncertainty principle, which generates spread in their wavevector as confirmed with ARPES[5]. The transfer of the large momentum spread to the diffracted electrons to generate the BSC requires better theoretical understanding of the graphene electron-beam electron interaction. Work in collaboration with P. A. Thiel (deceased), S. Chen, E. Conrad, M. Horn von Hoegen, M. Petrovic, F.-J. Meyer zu Heringdorf [1] S. Chen, et al. Phys. Rev. B. 100, 155307 (2019). [2] S. Chen, et al. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11, 8937 (2020). [3] K. Omambac et al , Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 241902 (2021) [4]M. Petrovic et al Nanotechnology 32 505706 (2021) [5] T. Ohta et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 206802 (2007).
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Jabbari, Vahid, Vitaliy Yurkiv, Md Golam Rasul, Meng Cheng, Philip Griffin, Farzad Mashayek, and Reza Shahbazian-Yassar. "(Digital Presentation) A Shape-Adjustable, Flexible Lithium Battery." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-011158mtgabs.
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Integrating stimuli-responsive materials into energy storage technologies opens a new approach to introduce novel functionalities as well as addressing some of the crucial and unresolved issues. As an example, current flexible lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) still suffer from a fragile or susceptible nature and limited electrochemical performance recovery against severe or repeated mechanical deformations. Thus, integrating a stimuli-responsive material with strong ability to recover from severe and repeated mechanical deformations into the flexible LIBs can be an effective approach to address the shape and performance recovery issue concerning the flexible LIBs [1-3]. Herein, we design and synthesize a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) based on a shape memory polymer (SMP) to integrate into flexible lithium batteries for smart applications, for example, shape recovery from severe mechanical deformation. SMPs are attractive class of programmable, stimuli-responsive polymer materials demonstrating shape-memory behavior. A SMP has the ability to memorize its original or permanent shape; deform, fix into a temporary or secondary shape; and recover its original form via applying an external stimulus, for example, heat, magnetic or electrical field,light [3]. In fact, when mechanical deformation occurs, batteries typically suffer from reduced power, efficiency, capacity and recovery from the deformation without sacrificing the electrochemical performance would be highly desirable. The shape-memory SPE is made based on a cross-linkable polyethylene oxide (PEO) with controlled crystallinity and the ability to indue shape memory behavior above the melting point. PEO is chosen as a model shape-memory polymer due to its unique properties including low-cost, high dielectric constant and Li+-ion solvating ability, high electrochemical and mechanical stability, semi-crystalline nature, and ability to introduce cross-linkable functionalities. In response to a temperature exceeding the melting point of the polymer matrix (~70 oC), the engineered shape memory SPE can recover its original shape and size from mechanical deformations, for example, bending and folding. The all-solid-state shape-memory SPEs also show excellent electrochemical performance in Li/Li and Li/LFP cells at ambient temperature. The Li/LFP cell made using the shape memory SPE delivers a specific capacity ~140 mAh g‒1 with ~92% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 0.2C charge/discharge rate and ~99.85% Coulombic efficiency. Besides excellent electrochemical performance, we demonstrate that a flexible Li based battery made using the shape memory SPE can recover from severe mechanical deformations, for example, bending and folding, upon applying heat. This proof-of-concept study opens up a new approach to design and integrate smart functionalities into energy storage technologies. Reference [1] Z. Fang, J. Wang, H. Wu, Q. Li, S. Fan, J. Wang, J. Power Sources 454, 227932 (2020). [2] M. Koo, K. Park, S. H. Lee, M. Suh, D. Y. Jeon, J. W. Choi, K. Kang, K. J. Lee, Nano Lett. 12, 4810–4816 (2012). [3] V. Jabbari, V. Yurkiv, M. G. Rasul, M. Cheng, P. Griffin, F. Mashayek, R. Shahbazian-Yassar, Small 2021, 2102666, DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102666.
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Jauréguiberry, Stéphane, David Boutolleau, Eric Grandsire, Tomek Kofman, Claire Deback, ZaÏna AÏt-Arkoub, François Bricaire, Henri Agut, and Eric Caumes. "Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Travel-Associated Respiratory Tract Infections in Travelers Returning From Countries Affected by Pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 Influenza." Journal of Travel Medicine 19, no. 1 (December 8, 2011): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8305.2011.00570.x.
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Abstract Background Although acute respiratory tract infections (RTI) have been recognized as a significant cause of illness in returning travelers, few studies have specifically evaluated the etiologies of RTI in this population. Methods This prospective investigation evaluated travelers returning from countries with endemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009, and who were seen in our department at the onset of the outbreak (April–July 2009). Patients were included if they presented with signs of RTI that occurred during travel or less than 7 days after return from overseas travel. Patients were evaluated for microbial agents with RespiFinder plus assay, and throat culture according to clinical presentation. Results A total of 113 travelers (M/F ratio 1.2:1; mean age 39 y) were included. They were mainly tourists (n = 50; 44.2%) mostly returning from North America (n = 65; 58%) and Mexico (n = 21; 18.5%). The median duration of travel was 23 days (range 2–540 d). The median lag time between return and onset of illness was 0.2 days (range 10 d prior to 7 d after). The main clinical presentation of RTI was influenza-like illness (n = 76; 67.3%). Among the 99 microbiologically evaluated patients, a pathogen was found by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or throat culture in 65 patients (65.6%). The main etiological agents were influenza A(H1N1) 2009 (18%), influenza viruses (14%), and rhinovirus (20%). A univariate analysis was unable to show variables associated with influenza A(H1N1) 2009, whereas rhinorrhea was associated with viruses other than influenza (p = 0.04). Conclusion Despite the A(H1N1) 2009 influenza pandemic, rhinovirus and other influenza viruses were also frequent causes of RTI in overseas travelers. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and nasopharyngeal swab cultures are useful diagnostic tools for evaluating travelers with RTI.
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Maldonado, Sandra María, Gabriela Roa Morales, Patricia Balderas, and Carlos Eduardo Barrera. "(Digital Presentation) Degradation of Metronidazole in a Semi-Batch Reactor Employing BDD Electrodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 55 (July 7, 2022): 2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01552287mtgabs.
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In recent decades, the consumption of pharmaceutical products has risen considerably on a global level, and as such large concentrations of such products have been detected in municipal waters, surface waters, groundwater reserves, drinking water, water treated in wastewater plants, and even in the ground [1]. Considering that the health of many living beings has become affected by the introduction of these compounds into the environment, their removal or degradation has become a topic of great importance on an international level [2]. Antibiotics that are highly soluble in water such as metronidazole are frequently used for the treatment of some parasitic infections. Metronidazole has high effective activity against a number of anaerobic bacteria, bacteroides, and protozoa [3] that cause serious health problems for both human beings and animals. Unfortunately, despite the significant advantages that they offer, it has been shown that prolonged exposure at high concentrations makes metronidazole carcinogenic. Furthermore, it can cause mutagenicity, or lead to problems in the central nervous system [4]. The waste from these antibiotics go to treatment plants through discharges from the home, hospitals, farms, and even illegal dumping through the pharmaceutical industry, and as such they do not receive the optimum treatment [5]. Due to being complex molecules of a large size, they are not degraded at 100% in wastewater treatment plants through conventional methods. Thus, treatments through advanced oxidation such as fenton, photo-fenton, ozonolysis, and electrochemical methods, have become an excellent alternative in recent years [6] . This investigation intends to degrade the metronidazole molecule through an electrochemical process through aqueous means, using a semi-batch reactor, determining the most efficient conditions for the degradation of the compound (initial concentration, current density, flux, and concentrations of the supporting electrolyte) through various analytical techniques [7], in addition to the kinetic order. It is relevant to highlight that with the purpose of achieving mineralisation, a Diacelll cell will be adapted, employing an inoxidable steel electrode as a cathode and a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode as an anode due to the electrochemical advantages, including a low undercurrent, an ample operation potential, and a frequently low adsorption compared with conventional carbon materials [8]. References [1] Xu, L., Li, W., Désesquelles, P., Van-Oanh, N. T., Thomas, S., & Yang, J. (2019). A Statistical Model and DFT Study of the Fragmentation Mechanisms of Metronidazole by Advanced Oxidation Processes. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 123(4), 933–942. [2] Sousa, C. P., Ribeiro, F. W. P., Oliveira, T. M. B. F., Salazar-Banda, G. R., de Lima-Neto, P., Morais, S., & Correia, A. N. (2019). Electroanalysis of Pharmaceuticals on Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes: A Review. ChemElectroChem, 6(9), 2350–2378. [3] Luo, T., Wang, M., Tian, X., Nie, Y., Yang, C., Lin, H. M., Luo, W., & Wang, Y. (2019). Safe and efficient degradation of metronidazole using highly dispersed Β-FeOOH on palygorskite as heterogeneous Fenton-like activator of hydrogen peroxide. Chemosphere, 236, 124367. [4] Vicente, D., & Pérez-Trallero, E. (2010). Tetraciclinas, sulfamidas y metronidazol. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica, 28(2), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2009.10.002 [5] Wang, L., Wang, J., Lin, J., Zhang, S., & Liu, Y. (2018). Degradation of metronidazole by radio frequency discharge in an aqueous solution. Plasma Processes and Polymers, 15(4). [6] Chianeh, F. N., & Parsa, J. B. (2016). Electrochemical degradation of metronidazole from aqueous solutions using stainless steel anode coated with SnO2 nanoparticles: Experimental design. Revista Mexicana de Urologia, 76(1), 424–432. [7] Ammar, H. B., Brahim, M. Ben, Abdelhédi, R., & Samet, Y. (2016). Green electrochemical process for metronidazole degradation at BDD anode in aqueous solutions via direct and indirect oxidation. Separation and Purification Technology, 157, 9–16. [8] Abou Dalle, A., Domergue, L., Fourcade, F., Assadi, A. A., Djelal, H., Lendormi, T., Soutrel, I., Taha, S., & Amrane, A. (2017). Efficiency of DMSO as hydroxyl radical probe in an Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Process − Reactive oxygen species monitoring and impact of the current density. Electrochimica Acta, 246, 1–8.
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WANG, Erkang. "(Keynote, Digital Presentation) A Study of Nanozyme-Based Biosensor." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 53 (July 7, 2022): 2193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01532193mtgabs.
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Nanozymes have attracted significant research interest over the world due to their simple preparation, storage, as well as the low-cost compared with natural enzymes. We started to study nanozymes over 10 years ago [1-8]. A few examples of novel nanozymes from our laboratory are shown: 1, NiPd hNPs exhibited triple-enzyme mimetic activities (oxidase-like, peroxidase-like and catalase-like activities). 2, Fe3O4 NPs on 3D porous graphene exhibited enhanced nanozyme activity and used for glucose determination. 3, GOx@ZIF-8(NiPd) nanoflower exhibiting tandem catalysis has been firstly proposed. Recently, a new nanozyme based on a bionic zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) has the active center similar to hCAII, showing hCA as well as esterase and acetylcholinesterase-like activities. A new class of single-atom nanozymes, as FeN5 SA/CNF, with atomically dispersed enzyme-like active sites in nanomaterials has been discovered. The defined single-atom nanozymes provide a new perspective to the catalytic mechanism and rational design of nanozymes and exhibit great potential to become the next-generation nanozymes. References H. Wei, E. K. Wang, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013, 42, 6060-6093. H. Wei, E. K. Wang, Anal. Chem., 2008, 80, 2250-2254. Q. Wang, X. Zhang, L. Huang, Z. Zhang, S. J. Dong, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2017, 56, 16082. S. L. Rong, Y. C. Huang, J. W. Liu, E. K. Wang, H. Wei, Prog. Biochem. Biophys. 2018, 45, 129-147. Q. Wang, H. Wei, Z. Zhang, E. K. Wang, S. J. Dong, Trends Anal. Chem., 2018, 105, 218-224. WW. Wu, L. Huang, EK. Wang, SJ. Dong, Chem. Sci. 2020 11, 9741-9756. J. X. Chen, L. Huang, Q. Q. Wang, W. W. Wu, H. Zhang, Y. X. Fang, S. J. Dong, Nanoscale, 2019, 11, 5960-5966. L. Huang, J. X. Chen, L. F. Gan, J. Wang, S. J. Dong , Sci. Adv. 2019, 5, eaav5490. Acknowledgment This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and The Ministry of Science and Technology of China All coworkers in this laboratory are appreciated for their effort in this area Key words Nanozymes, NiPd NPs, GOx@ZIF-8(NiPd) nanoflower, ZIF-8, acetylcholinesterase-like nanozyme , single-atom nanozyme- FeN5 SA/CNF
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Listorti, Andrea, Aurora Rizzo, and Silvia Colella. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Chemical Insights into Perovskite Ink Stability." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 13 (July 7, 2022): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0113919mtgabs.
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Metal halide perovskite (MHP) semiconductors are excellent candidates for contemporary optoelectronics innovation, particularly for photovoltaics.1 The advantages of this class of materials derive from their hybrid nature, allowing for straightforward fabrication processes, and from their unique optoelectronic properties.A typical 3D organic-inorganic perovskite has a chemical formula of ABX3, where A is an organic cation (such as MA [methylammonium] or FA [formamidinium]), B is a metal cation (such as Pb2+), and X is a halogen anion (such as I or Br).2 However, recent advances have also explored more complex compositions embedding diverse cations/anions.3 These materials are prepared by simple and straightforward solution processing, the material precursors dissolved in a solvent undergoes self-assembly into a perovskite structure during spin-coating onto a substrate under mild thermal annealing. As the technology continues to mature, this still is a key advantage, allowing for affordable and scalable processing. Understanding perovskite ink properties is therefore a fundamental requirement towards industrialization, with special regards to their evolution over time. It has been demonstrated that even for the simplest system, the precursor solution is a complex – and dynamic – dispersion which contains not only solvated ions but also lead halide complexes, colloids and aggregates of different natures and dimensions. In these complex dispersions, multiple chemical species are present and can interact – or react – between each other or with the solvent. We have proved the existence of a reactivity between two of the perovskite components – methylammonium and formamidinium – in the precursors solutions, that leads to ink variations over time, which in turn means variation in the final polycrystalline material properties. In fact, the characteristics of precursor solution eventually dictate the optoelectronic quality of resulting perovskite films that proceed with the solution aging and determine undesirable decrease of solar cells performances. We have studied different parameters that affects such reactions kinetics and proposed solutions to overcome these issues.4 Starting from the known reactivity of the chemical species present in ink solutions, we outline the directions towards which future research efforts should be directed.5 References: [1] Jeong, J., Kim, M., Seo, J., Lu, H., Ahlawat, P., Mishra, A., Yang, Y., Hope, M.A., Eickemeyer, F.T., Kim, M., et al. (2021). Pseudo-halide anion engineering for α-FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells. Nature 592, 381–385. [2] Snaith, H.J. (2013). Perovskites: The emergence of a new era for low-cost, high-efficiency solar cells. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 4, 3623–3630. [3] McMeekin, D.P., Sadoughi, G., Rehman, W., Eperon, G.E., Saliba, M., Hörantner, M.T., Haghighirad, A., Sakai, N., Korte, L., Rech, B., et al. (2016). A mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite absorber for tandem solar cells. Science 351, 151–155. [4] Valenzano, V., Cesari, A., Balzano, F., Milella, A., Fracassi, F., Listorti, A., Gigli, G., Rizzo, A., Uccello-Barretta, G., and Colella, S. (2021). Methylammonium-formamidinium reactivity in aged organometal halide perovskite inks. Cell Reports Physical Science 2, 100432. [5] Rizzo A., Listorti A., Colella S. Chemical insights into perovkite ink stability. In press, available online 30 November 2021, 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.11.004. Figure 1
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Jumayli, Mohamed, Emily Chen, and Hossein Sadrzadeh. "Primary Cardiac Burrkit Lymphoma: Characteristics, Clinical Presentation and Outcome." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 5048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.5048.5048.
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Abstract Background: Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is rare extranodal subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) .It is extremely rare in immunocompetent patients. PCL usually occurs in adults mean age of 62.1 years with male predominance. Primary cardiac Burkitts lymphoma (PCBL) is small subgroup of the PCL. Characteristics, presentation and the optimal management guideline of BL have not been clearly defined. Method: We performed PubMed searches using the particular terms including but not limited to primary, cardiac, burrkit's , lymphoma to identify reported adult cases of PCBL.Different Variables including demographic, immune status, clinical presentation, radiographic and other clinical variables were analyzed. Result: This is the largest study of PCBL up to now.We analyzed 10 cases of adult PCBL including 9 reported cases in literature and one case who presented to our facility.Majority of patients were older than 65 (7/10), which is consistent with other studies of Burrkit's lymphoma in immunocompetent patients particularly in sporadic type. This can be secondary to similarity of pathogenesis and oncogenesis of PCBL to sporadic type. Although age at presentation ranged from 30 to 85 years old, only (2/10) were younger than 40. .All reported PCBL in our analysis including the one who presented to our facility were HIV negative and immunocompetent state. Thus we propose that PCBL can be categorized as a subtype of sporadic BL (SBL) but interestingly PCBL was more common in older patients in contrast with SBL as is more common in younger individuals, with a peak incidence at age 30 in adults. Most of patients (7/10) were male, which is also consistent with other studies of majority of NHL subgroups including cardiac lymphoma. As expected all patients except one presented with cardiac symptoms. Dyspnea was the most prominent presenting symptom comparing to palpitation, syncope or chest pain. It is most likely secondary to large pericardial effusion, which was present in all patients, rather than the mass effect. Interestingly one case had no cardiac mass identified and PCBL was diagnosed with pericardial analysis. These demonstrate the importance of evaluation for and analysis of possible pericardial effusion in patients, who present with dyspnea As noted, our analysis showed that all patient except the one who presented to our facility, presented with cardiac mass (9/10). Similar to other studies of cardiac lymphoma, right heart particularly right atrium was the most common location of the cardiac mass. Cardiac lymphoma should be highly considered in patient with right atrial mass. Interestingly, Outcomes and chemotherapy response were variable; 3/10 cases reported favorable response to chemotherapy , however two cases with variable burrkit type and other chromosomal abnormalities had poorer prognosis. Due to rarity and low number of the cases ,outcome analysis adjusted with treatment regimen was not performed in our study. Conclusion: There is no comprehensive treatment analysis study for burrkit lymphoma . Due to complexity of pathogenesis and different behavior of this type of lymphoma, an efficient and optimal diagnostic, treatment and management guidelines for Burrkit lymphoma and its subtypes need to be developed. Table 1. Age Gender(Male : M, Female : F) Presenting Symptom Mass Location pericardial effusion Diagnosed by Chromosomal abnormalities HIV status Reference 79 F Dyspnea Left Ventricle (LV) Positive (pos) Pericardial analysis variant type-(8,22)(q24,q11), no c-myc negative (neg) J. Kuroda et al. elderly M Not available (NA) positive mass location NA NA NA NA neg S. Fatimi et al 61 F Dyspnea Right atrium (RA) +Right ventricle (RV) pos Excisional biopsy variant type- 49, XX, +X, t(8;14)(q24;q32), −14, +der(14)(3;8;14) (q27;q24;q32), +18, +20 neg Piero Maria Stefani et al. 33 M Dyspnea RA pos Excisional biopsy NA neg Chang-Fu Peng et al. 44 F Abdominal Discomfort RA pos Pericardial analysis t(8;14) neg Dimitrios et al. 77 M Dyspnea large mass , location NA pos Autopsy of mass t(8;14) neg Takai K. et al. 70 M Dyspnea RA pos Excisional biopsy t(8;14) neg M.De Filippo et al. 74 M Dyspnea RA pos Pericardial analysis NA neg Sylvie et al. 67 M syncope bi-atrial + LV pos Excisional biopsy t(8;14) neg Francesco Santini et al. 84 M Dyspnea No mass pos Pericardial analysis t(8;14) neg Presented to our facility Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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KORCHAK, Andriy. "BRONZE CULT HANDS OF ROMAN TIME FROM THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE: ORIGIN AND SACRED PURPOSE (ACCORDING TO HISTORIOGRAPHY)." Наукові зошити історичного факультету Львівського університету / Proceedings of History Faculty of Lviv University, no. 22 (July 14, 2022): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/fhi.2021.22.3674.
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Two bronze hands associated with the confession of oriental cults are very interesting archaeological items found on theterritoryofUkraine. The first one comes from the village Myshkiv inWestern Podillya, another – from the territory of the Ukrainian steppe. These artifacts are well studied by specialists in archeology, ancient history, theologians, but most of the works on this subject are written in German, Polish and Russian and, because of different reasons, are inaccessible to the Ukrainian reader. The main thesis of the article is an attempt to generalize diverse approaches, versions and concepts and to represent a relatively integral picture of the origin and religious purpose of these cult hands. The main idea of the article is to publish some quite new conclusions and clarifications made during the author's own research. The author examines the history of the discovery of these monuments, indicates the places of their storage, presents detailed sculptural descriptions. While speaking about the hand from Myshkiv, the text of the inscription is clearly reproduced. Three different interpretations of this inscription, offered in the works of T. Rybicki (ego), E. Bormann (a), M. Bandrivsky and O. Bandrovsky, are given, as well as their translations into Ukrainian. The approaches of various scientists on the issue of the sacred purpose of the hand from Myshkiv were analyzed in the article. T. Rybicki considered that it is the top of a Roman military standard. According to J. Zingerle, it is the hand of a contributor who has made a dedication to Jupiter Dolichenus for his military success. But D. Lusthaus thinks it is a symbol of the deity himself, which was also served as the top. J. Kolendo and J. Trynkowski defended the opinion of using of this hand only for religious purposes in the sanctuary at Orheiu Bistriței. Figures from Cătunele in Romaniaand Kavarna in Bulgariaare considered to be similar. It is important that the last one has a figure of Victoria, which is absent on the hands from Myshkiv and Cătunele. Basing on the interpretation of the sign V engraved on the hand as – miliaria (the thousandth), T. Rybicki, E. Bormann, J. Zingerle, J. Kolendo and J. Trynkowski believe that it is “cohorsprima Flavia Ulpia Hispanorum miliaria equitat civium Romanorum”. Instead, M. Bandrovsky and O. Bandrovsky interpret this sign as “equitataquingenaria” (the five hundredth cavalry) and correlate it with “prima I Hispanorum pia fidelis equitata quingenaria”. B. Farmakovsky's position about the appointment of a hand from the territory of the former Ekaterinoslav province is considered. His thought that such objects may be associated not only with Sabazios or Serapis, but also with the cults of other deities, has been proved. But there is no answer yet, whom exactly the hand from the territory of the Ukrainian steppe was dedicated. Instead, it is known that the cause of the donation was the childbirth of an unknown woman. B. Farmakovsky's characteristic of all available reliefs on the hand is presented. According to these arguments, the images of animals on the statuette had to turn away the harmful effects of the evil eye. Basing on this, the hand can be defined as a cult object that has an apotropaic character. The results of the study include detailed analysis of historiography devoted to the study of bronze cult hands found in Ukraine, the involvement of a large amount of additional literature, the presentation of a number of images of similar monuments. The votive character of the Myshkiv hand and the apotropaic character of the Ekaterinoslav one is determined. There are many strong arguments in favour of the statement that the hand from Myshkiv has a direct connection with the thousandth cohort of Spaniards.
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Xue, Kaiming, and Denis Yu. "(Digital Presentation) A 2.8V Reversible Sn-Li Battery." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01180mtgabs.
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Tin (Sn) is a metal that is commonly used in our daily life. With the rapid development of lithium-ion battery in the past decades, Sn and its alloy, such as Sn-Cu[1], and Sn-Ni[2], Sn-Co[3] and Sn-Fe[4] have been used as anode for lithium-ion battery because they can undergo alloying/dealloying process with lithium ions and exhibit high capacity and suitable working voltage of about 0.4 V vs. Li/Li+. Sn can also undergo an oxidation reaction to Sn2+, with an electrode potential of about -0.14 V vs. SHE. It is therefore possible to also use Sn as a cathode material. Herein, we are first to demonstrate a metal-metal battery made up of Sn metal as the cathode and Li metal as the anode in organic electrolyte (see Fig. a). Sn foil and Li foil are simply assembled with 3M LiTFSI in dimethoxyethane/propylene carbonate (DME/PC) electrolyte in an Ar-filled glove box to form a pouch cell. During charging, Sn will give out two electrons and dissolves into the electrolyte as Sn2+, while during discharging, the metal ions will be re-deposited onto the cathode. Thus, the energy is stored in the form of Sn2+ in the electrolyte. The charge-discharge curves in Fig. b show that the operating voltage of the battery is about 2.8 V. Since Sn2+ that is dissolved into the electrolyte from the cathode has higher potential than the Li metal anode, any Sn2+ ions cross-over to the anode will be spontaneously reduced, decreasing the efficiency of the battery. To suppress such self-discharge process, an anion exchange membrane based on poly(ionic liquid) polymer coated on common polypropylene separator is adopted. The Sn-Li battery with the modified separator tested in a current rate of 0.2 mA cm-2 with a capacity limitation of 0.1 mAh cm-2 gives an average Coulombic efficiency about 99.5% and can be cycled for more than 1500 cycles(See Fig. c). We found that the stripping/deposition of Sn on the cathode, and its polarization depend strongly on the type of electrolyte used. With 3M LiTFSI in DME/PC electrolyte, the discharge voltage is lowered by about 0.05 V when the current density is increased from 0.2 mA cm-2 to 1 mA cm-2. More results on the factors affecting the charge-discharge performance of Sn-Li batteries will be discussed at the meeting. [1]X. F. Tan, S. D. McDonald, Q. Gu, Y. Hu, L. Wang, S. Matsumura, T. Nishimura, K. Nogita, Journal of Power Sources 2019, 415, 50. [2]H. Zhang, T. Shi, D. J. Wetzel, R. G. Nuzzo, P. V. Braun, Advanced Materials 2016, 28, 742. [3]J. Yang, J. Zhang, X. Zhou, Y. Ren, M. Jiang, J. Tang, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2018, 10, 35216. [4]Z. Lin, X. Lan, X. Xiong, R. Hu, Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2021, 5, 1185. Figure 1
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Montereali, Rosa Maria, Enrico Nichelatti, Valentina Nigro, Luigi Picardi, Massimo Piccinini, Concetta Ronsivalle, and Maria Aurora Vincenti. "(Digital Presentation) Color Centers Photoluminescence in Lithium Fluoride Thin-Film-on-Silicon Detectors for Proton Bragg Curves Imaging." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 51 (October 9, 2022): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02511978mtgabs.
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The photoluminescence (PL) properties of radiation-induced color centers (CCs) in lithium fluoride (LiF) crystals and thin films find applications in optically-pumped solid-state lasers and photonic light-emitting microdevices operating at room temperature (RT) in the visible and near-infrared spectral range [1]. Among their peculiarities, the broad tunability and high emission quantum efficiency, combined with the wide optical transparency of the hosting LiF matrix. On the other hand, LiF dosimeters based on thermoluminescence (TL) of point defects in LiF crystals and pellets have been the most widely used family of phosphors in TL dosimetry, mainly for their high radiation sensitivity at low doses and the LiF tissue-equivalence, which is essential for meaningful medical applications. The excellent thermal and optical stabilities of the laser-active F2 and F3 + electronic defects, consisting of two electrons bound to two and three adjacent anion vacancies, respectively, whose efficient visible photoluminescence is located in the green-red spectral range under simultaneous excitation with blue-light pumping, make radiation detectors based on LiF crystals and thin films attractive for X-ray imaging [2] at nanoscale, related to the atomic-scale dimensions of such point defects. These passive radiation imaging sensors are based on the optical reading of visible radiophotoluminescence (RPL) of aggregate CCs locally created and stored in LiF, by using conventional and advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques for latent images acquisition. In the last years they were successfully tested for proton beam advanced diagnostics and dosimetry at increasing energies from 1.5 to 35 MeV, showing a linear RPL response as a function of absorbed doses in a wide dynamic range [4], long-term stability against fading and non-destructive reading capability. With suitable irradiation geometries of LiF crystals, it is possible to record the energy that protons deposit in the material (Bragg curve) as a bi-dimensional spatial distribution of luminescent CCs, even at dose values below 50 Gy, typically utilized in protontheraphy [5]. We have been investigating the feasibility to extend this approach to optically transparent LiF thin films thermally evaporated on Si(100) substrates. Despite of their low thickness, we take advantage of the enhanced PL response of F2 and F3 + CCs, related to the presence of the flat and smooth Si substrate [6], which is optically reflective at the excitation and emission wavelengths utilized in the fluorescence microscope. The irradiations were performed with proton beams produced by the linear accelerator TOP-IMPLART (Oncological Therapy with Protons - Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for RadioTherapy), under development at ENEA C.R. Frascati, with the cut edge perpendicular to the proton beam direction. The latent two-dimensional fluorescence images of the CC distributions generated in the polycrystalline LiF layers show a systematic increase in depth of the Bragg peak with respect to LiF crystals. The results obtained in LiF films at increasing proton energies are presented and discussed, also in comparison with those in LiF crystals, in order to explain the observed behaviors and highlight advantages and limits of versatile LiF film radiation detectors. [1] R. M. Montereali, in Handbook of Thin Film Materials, H. S. Nalwa, Editor, Vol.3: Ferroelectric and Dielectric Thin Films, Ch.7, p. 399, Academic Press, S. Diego (2002). [2] G. Baldacchini, F. Bonfigli, A. Faenov, F. Flora, R. M. Montereali, A. Pace, T. Pikuz, L. Reale, J. Nanosci. Nanotechno., 3, 483 (2003). [3] A. Ustione, A. Cricenti, F. Bonfigli, F. Flora, A. Lai, T. Marolo, R. M. Montereali, G. Baldacchini, A. Faenov, T. Pikuz and L. Reale, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45, 2116 (2006). [4] M. Piccinini, F. Ambrosini, A. Ampollini, L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle, F. Bonfigli, S. Libera, E. Nichelatti, M. A. Vincenti and R. M. Montereali, Appl. Phys. Lett., 106, 261108 (2015). [5] R.M. Montereali, E. Nichelatti, V. Nigro, M. Piccinini, M.A. Vincenti, ECS J. Solid State Sci. and Technol. 10, 116001 (2021). [6] M. A. Vincenti, M. Leoncini,S. Libera, A. Ampollini, A. Mancini, E. Nichelatti, V. Nigro, L. Picardi, M. Piccinini, C. Ronsivalle, A. Rufoloni, R. M. Montereali, Opt. Mater., 119, 111376 (2021).
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Maruti, Endang Sri. "DIRECT OPEN STRATEGY IN JAVANESE APOLOGY SPEECH ACT: A PRAGMATIC STUDY." Journal of Pragmatics and Discourse Research 1, no. 2 (March 25, 2022): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51817/jpdr.v1i2.193.
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This study aims to find forms and explanations of open strategies directly on the speech act of apologizing in Javanese. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with an ethnopragmatic design. Research data obtained from 46 research subjects through observation and in-depth interviews. Data analysis was carried out with a flow model in which there were reduction, presentation, verification, and inference. The results showed that direct 'open' strategy are (a) praising the pt first, (b) sympathizing, (c) using group similarity markers, (d) seeking or asking for opinions, (e) making offers and promises, (f ) giving reasons, (g) giving respect, (h) admitting mistakes, (i) begging very much, and (j) repeating an apology
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Shi, Lili, Cassidy Anderson, Shuo Feng, Jun Liu, Jie Xiao, and Dongping Lu. "(Digital Presentation) Effects of Sulfur Cathode Topography on Cycling of Practical Li–S Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 6 (October 9, 2022): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-026627mtgabs.
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Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are one of the most promising next-generation energy storage technologies due to their high theoretical energy and low cost.[1-2] However, Li–S cells with practically high energy still suffer from a very limited cycle life with reasons which remain unclear.[3] Here, through cell study under practical conditions, we prove that an internal short circuit is a root cause of early cell failure and was ascribed to the crosstalk between the S cathode and Li anode. The cathode topography dictates S reactions through influencing the local resistance and electrolyte distribution, particularly under lean electrolyte conditions. The inhomogeneous reactions of S cathodes are easily mirrored by the Li anodes, resulting in exaggerated localized Li plating/stripping, Li filament formation and eventually cell internal short circuit. Manipulating cathode topography was proven effective to extend the cell cycle life under practical conditions. The findings of this work shed new light on the electrode design for extending cycle life of high-energy Li–S cells, which are also applicable for other rechargeable Li or metal batteries. Details of the progress will be discussed at the conference. References [1] X. L. Ji, K. T. Lee, L. F. Nazar, Nature Materials 2009, 8, 500-506. [2] J. Xiao, Advanced Energy Materials 2015, 5. [3] Y. L. Cao, M. Li, J. Lu, J. Liu, K. Amine, Nature Nanotechnology 2019, 14, 200-207.
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Donadieu, Jean, Blandine Beaupain, Fares bou Mitri, Flore Sicre de Fontbrune, Despina Moushous, Thierry Lamy, Aline Moignet Autrel, Elodie Gouache, Marlène Pasquet, and Christine Bellanne-Chantelot. "Lenograstim and Filgrastim Have a Similar Efficacy and Safety Profile in the Treatment of Chronic Neutropenia. a Study for the French SCN Registry:." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-138476.
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Introduction: GCSF is a key drug in the medical management of chronic neutropenia (ChrN). Two major marketed forms of G-CSF are used. Filgrastim (F), marketed initially with the brand name Neupogen®;, now available with generic presentation, is a non-glycosylated GCSF. A pegylated (PegF) formulation of F exists too. Lenograstim (L) is the second form of bio-engineering GCSF and is glycosylated and marketed with the brand name Granocyte®. L is distributed in 263 µg and 105 µg vials while F is distributed in 300 and 480 µg vials. L and F have a similar PK profile (1/2 time ~3.7 h), contrary to PegF (1/2 time 42H). Here we compare the efficacy and safety of F and L in ChrN. METHODS The French Severe Chronic Neutropenia Registry (FSCNR) since 1993 prospectively monitors patients with ChrN and collects routinely information about G-CSF therapy (type of product including the Brand names, dose per injection, number of injections, duration of the period of daily treatment, infections, blood counts, side effects..)(1). On 1 October 2019, the FSCNR had enrolled 1068 patients with ChrN (idiopathic neutropenia(2) n=231 and Congenital neutropenia(3) n=837 patients). To take into account individual changes in G-CSF regimens, for a given patient, treatment was divided into elementary periods during which the characteristics of G-CSF treatment remained constant. Several parameters were calculated by summing up the elementary periods: duration of follow-up after G-CSF start, Cumulative duration, Cumulative dose, Time averaged dose (TAD). Three treatment groups were defined according to the type of G-CSF received: "group F" for patients who received only F, "group L" for patients who received only L , "group FL" for patients who received both F and L in succession. As there are no guidelines for GCSF prescription (F or L), even if L is here prescribed off-labelled, treating physician made is own choice. Because PegF have a very specific PK profile, we excluded the Peg F periods from this analysis (only 29 patients have received PegF as part of their therapy). The analysis presented here is limited only to the "L group', the "F group' and the "FL group'. 434 of the 1068 patients with ChrN have received a GCSF therapy: 172 received Lenograstim alone (group L), 148 Filgrastim alone (group F) and 112 received both cytokines consecutively (group FL). RESULTS : The key parameters defining the disease, the severity of the clinical and hematological presentation, the median neutrophil count, the proportion of patients with bone marrow blockage and the number of severe and oral infections was similar between the 3 patient groups (table 1). For group FL and more over the L group the median age at the start of G-CSF was younger (p<0.001). Such differences may be related to the availability, for L, of a smaller vial, more adapted to the prescription of GCSF in infants. At contrary, the TAD received by the patients was similar between the 3 treatment groups (5.5 µg/kg vs 5 and 5 in FL, L and F respectively, p=0.14). With regards to the efficacy, by taking in consideration both hematological parameters like neutrophil count, the rate of failure, as well clinical endpoints like the rate of stomatological and severe infections, we failed to find any differences between L and F groups and among the FL group, between F and L periods. Lastly, rate of side effects, both major side effects like death (mostly not related to GCSF), Myelodysplasia or leukemia, or mild, like bone pains were not different between F and L. Patients from FL have a higher rate of side effects, probably because physicians tried to avoid minor side effects by drug switch. Conclusions: The efficacy profile as well as the safety profile of Lenograstim is indistinguishable from that of Filgrastim in ChrN. The availability of Lenograstim in small vial represent a pragmatic advantage to treat infants as well as patients who are requiring only little amount of GCSF. References J. Donadieu et al., Haematologica90, 45 (2005).F. Sicre De Fontbrune et al., Blood126, 1643 (2015).J. Donadieu, B. Beaupain, O. Fenneteau, C. Bellanne-Chantelot, Br. J. Haematol.179, 557 (2017). Acknowledgments: The French SCN registry is supported by grants from Amgen, Chugai, Prolong Pharma, X4 Pharma, Inserm, the Association 111 les Arts, the Association RMHE, the Association Sportive de Saint Quentin Fallavier. The authors thank the association IRIS and Mrs Grosjean and Mr Gonnot(ASSQF), the association Barth France for their support. Disclosures Sicre de Fontbrune: Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding.
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Šebánek, Jiří. "Plant physiology at the institute for philosophy in Brno in Mendel’s teacher F. Diebl textbook from 1835." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 5 (2012): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260050277.
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Gregor Mendel attended lectures of F. Diebl, professor of natural history and agricultural science at the Institute of Philosophy in Brno. Diebl published his lectures in a textbook “Abhandlungen über die allgemeine und besondere Naturgeschichte, Brünn 1835.” From the textbook the level of scientific knowledge in plant biology is obvious, with which the later founder of a new field of biology – genetics got acquainted. Diebl considered germination to be a specific method of fermentation transforming seed starch into a sugary matter which nourishes the germinating plant. In the physiology of nutrition he distinguished nutrition from the soil via roots from nutrition from the air via leaves. The former is based primarily on the humus theory of A. Thaer (1809) because not until 5 years after the publication of Diebl’s textbook J. Liebig initiated the mineral theory. Diebl’s presentation of photosynthesis was based on information available at that time about the release of oxygen by green plants under conditions of light and the uptake of CO2, but he had no knowledge about the passage of CO2 into the leaves through stomata. Remarkable is Diebl’s discovery that respiration increases during flowering. Electricity is considered to be a force significantly supporting the life processes of plants. Diebl also noticed the difference between diurnal and night evaporation of water from the leaves. In his textbook growth is connected with nutrition only, as it was the entire 19th century. Stem thickening from the cambium is described very simply. Bud and root regeneration is given the term reproduction which today is commonly used in relation to sexual reproduction. Diebl considered nyctinastic movements (bending or unbending of the leaves) and closing of the flowers at night to be “sleep”. He described fertilisation in a primitive way, because it was not until 1848 that the first exact description came out.
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Kira, Tymofeieva. "INTERPRETATION PECULIARITIES OF THE CAPRICE GENRE IN F. MENDELSSOHN’S PIANO CREATIVITY." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 60, no. 60 (October 3, 2021): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-60.05.
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Statement of the problem. The centuries-old development of the genre of piano caprice (capriccio), which led to its flourishing in the work of romantic composers, is considered as an integral part of the genre system in Western European piano music. Insufficient study of Mendelssohn’s piano works, in particular caprices, determines the relevance of the research. The purpose of the article is to generalize stylistic qualities of the composer’s piano caprices in the context of genre evolution and their performance features. Analysis of research and publications. The genre of caprice is studied in the historical research of T. Livanova (1983), who equates the form of fantasy and capriccio-ricercare. V. Protopopov (1979) reveals the connection between fantasycapriccio and fugue in the early 17th century. K. Agisheva (2007) examines the historical aspects of the study of the capriccio genre. Modern Western European researchers, analyzing the genre of piano caprice, emphasize that its musical texture is filled with elements of vocal lyrics and mood swings (Lewandowski, 2017; Keym, 2009). At the same time, the issues of performance features remain unclear. Methods. Complex methodological approach applied in the article (historical, genre, structural-functional, performаnce research methods) allows us to trace the development of caprice from the Baroque era to Romanticism and conduct an intonational-dramatic analysis of Mendelssohn’s works in accordance with the following criteria: musical form (dramaturgy), textural presentation, thematic development, tempo-rhythmic characteristics, nature of thematism. Analysis of recent research and publications. Baroque caprice is a work of polyphonic composition and improvisational construction (J. S.Bach, G.F. Handel, I. Sweelink, J. Frescobaldi). In the era of Viennese Classicism, caprice was not very popular due to its improvisational, bizarre nature, contradicting to the aesthetic ideals of the time. The genre of piano caprice became widespread in the era of Romanticism in the works of F. Mendelssohn, whose distinguished style is marked by virtuosity, melody, grace, sentimentality, clarity of presentation. Among the works of F. Mendelssohn there are seven caprices for solo piano and with orchestra. The intonational-dramatic analysis of Mendelssohn’s piano caprices makes it possible to trace the main stylistic qualities of the genre and to reveal its performance features. Conclusions. The work outlines the stylistic traits of Mendelssohn’s piano caprices ассording to such parameters: – compositional structure of his piano caprices is a one-movement composition or a cyclic one, composed of two or three movements; – texture of the music is determined by polyphonic orchestral elements and broad cantilena themes; – thematic development is based on repetition, variability or variation; – tempo-rhythm is characterized by three-beat pulsation, syncopation of rhythm, sharp accentuation; – thematicism is determined by synthesis of lyrical and decisively acting images inherent in the style of Mendelssohn. Hence, the main task for the performer is clarity, expressive intonation of the melody in combination with a “pearl” light touch and energetic dynamic tempo rhythm.
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Kono, Junichiro. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Optoelectronic Processes in Single-Chirality Carbon Nanotube Thin Films." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 9 (July 7, 2022): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-019744mtgabs.
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Much understanding exists regarding chirality-dependent properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), primarily obtained through single-tube studies. However, macroscopic manifestations of chirality dependence have been limited, especially in electronic transport. Here, recent progress in our optical and electronic transport studies of single-chirality SWCNT thin films will be reviewed. We observed pronounced chirality-dependent electronic localization in temperature and magnetic field dependent conductivity measurements on macroscopic films of single-chirality SWCNTs [1]. We also performed optical absorption measurements in aligned single-chirality (6,5) SWCNT films, and through comparison with detailed theoretical calculations based on the Boltzmann scattering equation, we demonstrated that the background absorption is due to phonon-assisted transitions from the semiconductor vacuum to finite-momentum continuum states of excitons [2]. Furthermore, we conducted terahertz emission and photocurrent studies on films of aligned single-chirality semiconducting SWCNTs and found that excitons autoionize, i.e., spontaneously dissociate into electrons and holes [3]. Some of these studies were enabled by our recent improvement of the controlled vacuum filtration technique [4,5], which allows us to fabricate wafer-scale aligned SWCNTs with extremely anisotropic optical properties [6-9]. W. Gao et al., “Band Structure Dependent Electronic Localization in Macroscopic Films of Single-Chirality Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes,” Carbon 183, 774 (2021). S. Dal Forno et al., “Origin of the Background Absorption in Carbon Nanotubes: Phonon-Assisted Excitonic Continuum,” Carbon 186, 465 (2021). F. R. G. Bagsican et al., “Terahertz Excitonics in Carbon Nanotubes: Exciton Autoionization and Multiplication,” Nano Letters 20, 3098 (2020). X. He et al., “Wafer-Scale Monodomain Films of Spontaneously Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes,” Nature Nanotechnology 11, 633 (2016). W. Gao and J. Kono, “Science and Applications of Wafer-Scale Crystalline Carbon Nanotube Films Prepared through Controlled Vacuum Filtration,” Royal Society Open Science 6, 181605 (2019). F. Katsutani et al., “Direct Observation of Cross-Polarized Excitons in Aligned Single-Chirality Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes,” Physical Review B 99, 035426 (2019). W. Gao et al., “Macroscopically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes as a Refractory Platform for Hyperbolic Thermal Emitters,” ACS Photonics 6, 1602 (2019). N. Komatsu et al., “Groove-Assisted Global Spontaneous Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes in Vacuum Filtration,” Nano Letters 20, 2332 (2020). A. Baydin et al., “Giant Terahertz Polarization Rotation in Ultrathin Films of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes,” Optica 8, 760 (2021).
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Agudelo Arias, Hector David, Jorge Calderon, and Ferley Alejandro Vasquez Arroyave. "(Digital Presentation) Cobalt Free Cathode Synthesized By Sacrificial Template (α-MnOOH) for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012386mtgabs.
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LiCoO2 cathode has been used widely for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for portable applications due to it is compactness, high energy density, excellent cycle life and reliability [1]. Nevertheless, the high cost of cobalt represent some of the limitations of this material [1]. As an alternative, LiNiO2, which iso-structural with LiCoO2, is reported as a stable material for LIB cathodes. Although, the poor thermal stability of this material in operating LIB represents safety risk [2]. On the other hand, LiMnO2 has also been proposed as a low-cost cathode for LIB. However, it is not stable during charging/discharging processes [3]. Ni-rich layer oxide (LiM1-x NxiO2, where M is a transition metal, x > 0.8) appeared as result of much effort dedicated for finding an adequate balance between cost and stability [4]. In comparison to Ni-rich layer, Li-rich layer oxide exhibited better cyclability and safety performance at higher electrode potentials (>4.5 V vs. Li|Li+) [4]. However, the structural and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared materials are determined by the synthesis methods and/or preparation conditions [5]. For instance, the electrochemical performance of Li1.5Ni0.25Mn0.75O2.5 layer material obtained by a simple carbonate coprecipitation method was improved with 240 mAh g-1 and 70.3% of capacity retention after 30 cycles at 0.05C [6]. In this work, we report the feasibility of producing a cobalt free cathode LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 with high energy density using a sacrificial template α -MnOOH as precursor with a simple balance between lithium and nickel content. The synthesis strategies performed in this work led to a promising cathode material with high energy density without sacrificing the operating voltage window, by combining our understanding of the factors governing the cation order with a facile synthetic route that ensured good cation mixing. The LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 active cathode material was produced by co-precipitated method according to the following procedure: α-MnOOH sacrificial template was synthesized according to ref. [7]. Then active cathode material was obtained by co-precipitation method using α-MnOOH, lithium acetate and nickel acetate with a molar ratio of 0.5:1.05:0.5 mol at different treatment temperatures (700°C, 800°C and 900°C). Rate capabilities of all samples are displayed in Fig. 1. The charge-discharge current was increased from 20 mA g-1 (0.1C) to 2000 mA g-1 (10C), and then decreased back to 20 mA g-1. The Li1.05Ni0.5Mn0.5O2 material displayed the best electrochemical performance at 800°C which the initial discharge capacity was 179.9 mAh g-1 . The other samples at 700 °C and 900 °C showed initial discharge capacities of 171.3 mAh g-1 and 156.4 mAh g-1 at 0.1C, respectively. On the other hand, α-MnOOH sacrificial template synthesis showed to be a plausible formation mechanism and the structure–function relationships of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2. [1] N. Nitta, F. Wu, J. T. Lee, and G. Yushin, “Li-ion battery materials: present and future,” Mater. Today, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 252–264, Jun. 2015. [2] M. Bianchini, M. Roca-Ayats, P. Hartmann, T. Brezesinski, and J. Janek, “There and Back Again—The Journey of LiNiO2 as a Cathode Active Material,” Angew. Chemie Int. Ed., vol. 58, no. 31, pp. 10434–10458, Jul. 2019. [3] T. Ohzuku and Y. Makimura, “Layered Lithium Insertion Material of LiNi 1/2 Mn 1/2 O 2 : A Possible Alternative to LiCoO 2 for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries,” Chem. Lett., vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 744–745, Aug. 2001. [4] G. Hu et al., “A facile cathode design with a LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 core and an AlF3-activated Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 shell for Li-ion batteries,” Electrochim. Acta, vol. 265, pp. 391–399, Mar. 2018. [5] C. Zhao, X. Wang, R. Liu, F. Xu, and Q. Shen, “β-MnO2 sacrificial template synthesis of Li 1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 for lithium ion battery cathodes,” RSC Adv., vol. 4, no. 14, pp. 7154–7159, Jan. 2014. [6] M. Akhilash, P. S. Salini, K. Jalaja, B. John, and T. D. Mercy, “Synthesis of Li1.5Ni0.25Mn0.75O2.5 cathode material via carbonate co-precipitation method and its electrochemical properties,” Inorg. Chem. Commun., vol. 126, p. 108434, Apr. 2021. [7] F. A. Vásquez, J. E. Thomas, A. Visintin, and J. A. Calderón, “LiMn1.8Ni0.2O4 nanorods obtained from a novel route using α-MnOOH precursor as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries,” Solid State Ionics, vol. 320, pp. 339–346, Jul. 2018. Figure 1
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Ian Doyle, Anthony. "Gallican and Anglican: Henry Holden and John Cosin." Recusant History 30, no. 1 (May 2010): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200012644.
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The late lamented Antony F. Allison published in Recusant History, May 1995, a characteristically richly researched article, ‘An English Gallican: Henry Holden, (1596/7–1662), Part I (to 1648)’, but alas did not live to produce the sequel which he planned, a draft of which does not seem to have survived. Shortly after the appearance of the article I wrote to congratulate him on the recent publication of the second (multilingual) edition of what is now commonly called A&R2, and to tell him that the Articles proposed to the Catholics of England, signed T. H., Paris, 2 April 1648, of which the authorship he convincingly attributed to Holden, said by the latter to have been printed by 13 September 1648, and extant in a single imperfect copy dated by George Thomason 2 April, otherwise only known from contemporaneous manuscript and later printed summaries, had been re-published in 1946, without identification of the author, by the late Professor C. E. Whiting of Durham University. Whiting reported that the manuscript he copied was from the library of the late Canon Whitley of Bedlington (Northumberland) and had been made available to him by Major J. D. Cowen, F.S.A. In 1947 Cowen gave it to Ushaw College Library, as coming from his late aunt, Miss A. J. Thompson of Whickham (Co. Durham). In the 1950s or 1960s I was shown it by the then Librarian of Ushaw, Fr. Bernard Payne, and recognised an inscription at the beginning as in the distinctive hand of John Cosin, the eminent Anglican divine who, after being a canon of Durham Cathedral, Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge, Dean of Peterborough, and exile in France 1644–60, finally became Bishop of Durham, 1660–72.
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Permana, Gusti Komang, Dedi Sofyan, and Kasmaini Kasmaini. "An Analysis of Communication Strategies Applied by English Study Program Students in Speaking for Presentation." Journal of English Education and Teaching 3, no. 4 (December 6, 2019): 494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jeet.3.4.494-505.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This Study was a mix method research which used the combination of both qualitative and quantitative data. This study was aimed to find out the types and the dominant communication strategies used by the fourth semester students of English Study Program in University of Bengkulu. The instruments used in this research were observation checklist adapted from Dornyei (1995) and video recorder to collect data. The data were analyzed by Dornyei’s Theory of Communication Strategies. The population of this study was fourth semester students of class A of English Study Program. The samples of this study were selected with purposive sampling technique. The findings of this research were: (1) the students used all types of communication strategies, namely: a) message replacement, b) topic avoidance, c) message abandonment, d) circumlocution, e) approximation, f) word coinage, g) non-verbal signal, h) literal translation, i) foreignizing, j) code switching, k) time gaining strategy, and l) appeal for help, and 2) the dominant type of communication strategies used by the students is time gaining strategy with 47.87%. The students mostly used time gaining strategy because they already have good proficiency but they still needed times or delays to produce the utterances.
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Kono, Junichiro. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Macroscopically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes for Photonics, Electronics, and Thermoelectrics." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 10 (July 7, 2022): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0110775mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
The remarkable flexibility, stable chemical structure, and extraordinary thermal, electrical, and optical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising for a variety of applications in flexible and/or high-temperature electronics, optoelectronics, and thermoelectrics, including wearables, refractory photonics, and waste heat harvesting [1]. However, the long-standing goal in the preparation of CNT ensembles is how to maintain the extraordinary properties of individual CNTs on a macroscopic scale. The polydispersity and randomness remain two main challenges. Here, we will discuss different methods for creating macroscopically aligned CNTs, including spontaneous formation of wafer-scale aligned CNT films via controlled vacuum filtration [2-4] and production of ultrahigh-conductivity CNT fibers and films through solution spinning and coating [5,6]. We will then describe the optical [2,7-11], dc and ac electrical [2,12-17], thermal [18], and thermoelectric [19-21] properties of these materials. These results are promising for device applications in various fields such as flexible CNT broadband detectors [22-26], spectrally selective thermal emitters [11], and thermoelectric devices [20,21]. W. Gao et al., “Macroscopically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes for Flexible and High-Temperature Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Thermoelectrics,” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 53, 063001 (2020). X. He et al., “Wafer-Scale Monodomain Films of Spontaneously Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes,” Nature Nanotechnology 11, 633 (2016). W. Gao and J. Kono, “Science and Applications of Wafer-Scale Crystalline Carbon Nanotube Films Prepared through Controlled Vacuum Filtration,” Royal Society Open Science 6, 181605 (2019). N. Komatsu et al., “Groove-Assisted Global Spontaneous Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes in Vacuum Filtration,” Nano Letters 20, 2332 (2020). N. Behabtu et al., “Strong, Light, Multifunctional Fibers of Carbon Nanotubes with Ultrahigh Conductivity,” Science 339, 182 (2013). L. W. Taylor et al., “Improved Properties, Increased Production, and the Path to Broad Adoption of Carbon Nanotube Fibers,” Carbon 171, 689 (2021). K. Yanagi et al., “Intersubband Plasmons in the Quantum Limit in Gated and Aligned Carbon Nanotubes,” Nature Communications 9, 1121 (2018). W. Gao et al., “Continuous Transition between Weak and Ultrastrong Coupling through Exceptional Points in Carbon Nanotube Microcavity Exciton–Polaritons,” Nature Photonics 12, 362 (2018). M. E. Green et al., “Bright and Ultrafast Photoelectron Emission from Aligned Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes through Multiphoton Exciton Resonance,” Nano Letters 19, 158 (2019). F. Katsutani et al., “Direct Observation of Cross-Polarized Excitons in Aligned Single-Chirality Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes,” Physical Review B 99, 035426 (2019). W. Gao et al., “Macroscopically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes as a Refractory Platform for Hyperbolic Thermal Emitters,” ACS Photonics 6, 1602 (2019). X. Wang et al., “High-Ampacity Power Cables of Tightly-Packed and Aligned Carbon Nanotubes,” Advanced Functional Materials 24, 3241 (2014). A. Zubair et al., “Carbon Nanotube Fiber Terahertz Polarizer,” Applied Physics Letters 108, 141107 (2016). D. Tristant et al., “Enlightening the Ultrahigh Electrical Conductivities of Doped Double-Wall Carbon Nanotube Fibers by Raman Spectroscopy and First-Principles Calculations,” Nanoscale 18, 19668 (2016). N. Komatsu et al., “Modulation-Doped Multiple Quantum Wells of Aligned Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes,” Advanced Functional Materials 27, 1606022 (2017). F. R. G. Bagsican et al., “Terahertz Excitonics in Carbon Nanotubes: Exciton Autoionization and Multiplication,” Nano Letters 20, 3098 (2020). A. Baydin et al., “Giant Terahertz Polarization Rotation in Ultrathin Films of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes,” Optica 8, 760 (2021). S. Yamaguchi et al., “One-Directional Thermal Transport in Densely Aligned Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Films,” Applied Physics Letters 115, 223104 (2019). K. Fukuhara et al., “Isotropic Seebeck Coefficient of Aligned Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Films,” Applied Physics Letters 113, 243105 (2018). Y. Ichinose et al., “Solving the Thermoelectric Trade-Off Problem with Metallic Carbon Nanotubes,” Nano Letters 19, 7370 (2019). N. Komatsu et al., “Macroscopic Weavable Fibers of Carbon Nanotubes with Giant Thermoelectric Power Factor,” Nature Communications 12, 4931 (2021). S. Nanot et al., “Broadband, Polarization-Sensitive Photodetector Based on Optically-Thick Films of Macroscopically Long, Dense, and Aligned Carbon Nanotubes,” Scientific Reports 3, 1335 (2013). X. He et al., “Photothermoelectric p-n Junction Photodetector with Intrinsic Broadband Polarimetry Based on Macroscopic Carbon Nanotube Films,” ACS Nano 7, 7271 (2013). X. He et al., “Carbon Nanotube Terahertz Detector,” Nano Letters 14, 3953 (2014). X. He, F. Léonard, and J. Kono, “Uncooled Carbon Nanotube Photodetectors,” Advanced Optical Materials 3, 989 (2015). A. Zubair et al., “Carbon Nanotube Woven Textile Photodetector,” Physical Review Materials 2, 015201 (2018).
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Gu, Shengqing, Wubing Zhang, Xiaoqing Wang, Peng Jiang, Gordon J. Freeman, Scott J. Rodig, Henry Long, et al. "Abstract LB098: Integrative approaches to modulate antigen presentation and boost cancer immune response." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): LB098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-lb098.
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Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy revolutionized cancer treatment, but patients with impaired MHC-I and/or MHC-II expression show inferior response. We observed differential expression patterns for MHC-I and MHC-II in cancer cells and applied multiple approaches to examine their regulatory mechanisms. To identify the modulators of MHC-I, we combined FACS-based genome-wide CRISPR screens with data-mining from public data. We identified TRAF3, a suppressor of the NFkB pathway, as a negative regulator of MHC-I. The Traf3-knockout gene expression signature is associated with better survival in ICB-naïve patients with cancer and better ICB response. We then screened for drugs with similar transcriptional effects as this signature and identified Second Mitochondria-derived Activator of Caspase (SMAC) mimetics. We experimentally validated that the SMAC mimetic birinapant upregulates MHC-I, sensitizes cancer cells to T cell-dependent killing, and adds to ICB efficacy. In contrast to MHC-I, the expression of MHC-II shows dramatic intra- and inter-sample heterogeneity. To identify the regulators of MHC-II, we conducted data-mining of the transcriptomic and proteomic data from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and multiple melanoma clinical cohorts. We found that a higher cancer-cell-intrinsic MHC-II level is significantly associated with better anti-PD-1 response, and that the Hippo signaling pathway can regulate MHC-II expression in melanoma cells. Our findings provide preclinical rationales for increasing cancer cell MHC-I/MHC-II expression to enhance sensitivity to immunotherapy. Citation Format: Shengqing Gu, Wubing Zhang, Xiaoqing Wang, Peng Jiang, Gordon J. Freeman, Scott J. Rodig, Henry Long, Benjamin E. Gewurz, F. Stephen Hodi, X. Shirley Liu, Myles Brown. Integrative approaches to modulate antigen presentation and boost cancer immune response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB098.
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Lespiaux, Justine, Fabien Deprat, Jérémy Vives, Romain Duru, Mehmet Bicer, Alexis Gauthier, Edoardo Brezza, et al. "(Best Student Presentation Award) Reduced Pressure – Chemical Vapor Deposition of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Si(:B) and SiGe(:B) Layers on Blanket Wafers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 32 (October 9, 2022): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02321214mtgabs.
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Monocrystalline SiGe alloys can be used instead of monocrystalline Si in order to increase the performances of devices such as heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) [1]. The epitaxial growth of blanket, monocrystalline SiGe layers on Si with a dichlorosilane + germane + hydrochloric acid chemistry was extensively investigated in the literature [2,3]. Similarly, a switch from polycrystalline Si to polycrystalline SiGe can be favorable, for instance, in Complementary-MOS (C-MOS) devices [4,5]. However, the blanket growth by Reduced-Pressure Vapor Deposition (RP-CVD) of polycrystalline Si and SiGe has not been systematically investigated. We have thus performed a one-to-one comparison in terms of growth kinetics and electrically active dopant incorporation between blanket monocrystalline and polycrystalline Si(:B) and SiGe(:B) layers. Epitaxies or depositions were performed, in 300 mm RP-CVD chambers, on two types of templates (Fig.1): i) N-type Si substrates (Fig.1(a)) and ii) poly-Si/oxide/ P-type Si substrates (Fig.1(b)). The poly-Si layer in stack 1.(b) was obtained thanks to amorphous Si deposition followed by annealing at 750 °C, resulting in a poly-Si film. SiH4+HCl+H2 (named Process 1) and SiH2Cl2 (DCS)+HCl+GeH4+H2 (named Process 2) chemistries were used to deposit Si and SiGe layers between 675-750 °C and 10-20 Torr. Monocrystalline and polycrystalline SiGe growth kinetics for two process conditions: i) 750 °C, 10 Torr with a HCl partial pressure of 0.05 Torr and ii) 725 °C, 10 Torr, with a HCl partial pressure of 0.06 Torr, were similar to that in the literature [1-3, 6-8]. As already shown for monocrystalline layers, there was an increase of the intrinsic SiGe growth with the germane partial pressure and the temperature. Meanwhile, it was reduced when adding HCl (Fig.2). Very similar growth rates and evolutions were however obtained whatever the crystalline state of the layers. When diborane was added the gaseous mixture, different behaviors were evidenced depending on i) the crystallinity and ii) the stoichiometry. The Si:B and SiGe:B growth rates increased with the B2H6 flow whatever the chemistry (Fig.3). This was due to a hydrogen desorption increase on boron surface sites [5,10-11]. Growth rates were otherwise higher for monocrystalline than for polycrystalline layers. The electrical resistivities of c-Si:B and c-SiGe:B layers were one decade lower than those of poly-Si:B and poly-SiGe:B layers, however (Fig.4). Resistivity values were otherwise higher for c-Si:B than for c-SiGe:B. This was likely due to i) a better incorporation of B atoms into SiGe than in Si [3,8,9] and ii) a better hole mobility in SiGe [10]. An opposite behavior was observed for polycrystalline layers, with higher resistivities for poly-SiGe:B than for poly-Si:B. We otherwise had similar resistivity evolutions as the partial pressure of diborane Pp(B2H6) increased for all types of layers. A decrease was observed first, followed by a resistivity plateau then some resistivity re-increase for really high diborane flows. Such a phenomenon was already observed for monocrystalline layers and was explained by a crystalline quality degradation [3,8,9] that reduced the hole mobility. A similar behavior was assumed for poly-layers, with a morphological transition to the amorphous phase [11,12]. Top-view Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images (Fig. 5) confirmed the morphological evolution of c-Si:B, poly-Si:B, c-SiGe:B and poly-SiGe:B as the diborane partial pressure increased. New data points for c-SiGe and c-SiGe:B will also be provided for other process conditions. For intrinsic layers, we will show that Refs. [1,2] x2/(1-x) = n×(F(GeH4)/F(SiH2Cl2)) relationship between the Ge concentration x and the germane over dichlorosilane mass-flow ratio is also valid at 10 Torr, with n = 3 at 700 °C with a F(SiH2Cl2)/F(H2) Mass-Flow Ratio (MFR) of 0.005 and a F(HCl)/F(H2) MFR of 0.006. Various characterization techniques were also used to determine the concentration of substitutional Boron atoms in SiGe:B layers and the lattice contraction coefficient (β = 9.11×10-24 cm3). The value of the latter, which is most useful to assess the compressive strain compensation by small boron atoms in SiGe layers, will be compared to literature values. [1] J. Appl. Phys. 88 (2000) 4044 [2] J. Crystal Growth 305 (2007) 113 [3] J. Crystal Growth 310 (2008) 62 [4] J. Microelec. Sys. 16 (2007) 68 [5] International Electron Devices Meeting (1991) 567 [6] Appl. Phys. Lett. 56 (1990) 1275. [7] S. Chang et al., ECS Proceedings 87–8 (1987) 122 [8] J Mater Sci: Mater Electron (2007) 18:747 [9] ECS Trans. 75, 8 (2016) 265 [10] Mater. Sci. Eng. B 114–115 (2004) 318 [11] Appl. Phys. Lett. 66 (1995) 195 [12] ECS Trans. 35, 30 (2011) 45 Figure 1
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Rezaie, Fateme, Nihat E. Sahin, Søren Læsaa, and Emil Drazevic. "(Digital Presentation) Where Are We in Terms of Energy Efficiency to Produce Green Ammonia – Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia Compared to Haber-Bosch Process." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 49 (October 9, 2022): 1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02491932mtgabs.
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The electrochemical synthesis of ammonia, in the literature often found under the name Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction (ENRR), might arise as an alternative to the green Haber-Bosch process in some market applications. In this work, we compare electrical energy efficiency (power-to-fuel efficiency) of the ENRR and the Haber-Bosch process. Not so long time ago, the ENRR was considered hardly possible to conduct, because there arose a doubt the literature is plagued by false-positive measurements. In ENRR measured ammonia concentrations were often within the range of ambient ammonia contamination. Some ENRR works produced ammonia by (unintentionally) reducing other, more reactive forms of nitrogen (NOx, nitrates, nitrites) or getting ammonia from a decomposition of the catalyst, while reporting reduction of inert dinitrogen to ammonia. Several rigorous experimental protocols were published during the last couple of years (from 2018), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and these made it easier to distinguish reliable results from the false-positive ones. In general, the ENRR reports that follow the rigorous synthesis protocols are considered valid. If they do not follow the protocols, but still produce ammonia concentrations which are far above contamination levels, the works are also considered valid. Taking a starting point in the reasoning above, we evaluated 120 articles and found out about 20% of ENRR works in the last three years are reliable. The result of this evaluation emphasizes that researchers should consider rigorous experimental protocols more seriously if they wish to stimulate progress in the field. We took the reliable works and evaluated them for power-to-fuel efficiency, by relating the low heating value of ammonia and total energy input to produce ammonia using ENRR. Our analysis shows that some of the reliable ENRR reports have power-to-fuel efficiency of a maximum 40% which is comparable to the current Haber-Bosch ammonia plants which are often in the range of 35-60%.6 Although energy efficiency of ENRR (40%) is lower than that of the modern Haber-Bosch plant (60%), such process would be probably relevant for the market where lower capital costs are more important than higher operating costs. About a third of the mostly reliable ENRR reports have energy efficiency between 20-35%. The others have less than 20% energy efficiency and need more improvements to be comparable with the Haber-Bosch process in terms of power-to-fuel efficiency. The results are surprising and show electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is maturing and can compete with the Haber-Bosch process, however, improvements are needed to bring the energy efficiency higher up. References (1) Suryanto, B. H. R.; Du, H.-L.; Wang, D.; Chen, J.; Simonov, A. N.; MacFarlane, D. R. Challenges and Prospects in the Catalysis of Electroreduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia. Nat. Catal. 2019, 2 (4), 290–296. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-019-0252-4. (2) Andersen, S. Z.; Čolić, V.; Yang, S.; Schwalbe, J. A.; Nielander, A. C.; McEnaney, J. M.; Enemark-Rasmussen, K.; Baker, J. G.; Singh, A. R.; Rohr, B. A.; Statt, M. J.; Blair, S. J.; Mezzavilla, S.; Kibsgaard, J.; Vesborg, P. C. K.; Cargnello, M.; Bent, S. F.; Jaramillo, T. F.; Stephens, I. E. L.; Nørskov, J. K.; Chorkendorff, I. A Rigorous Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis Protocol with Quantitative Isotope Measurements. Nature 2019, 570 (7762), 504–508. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1260-x. (3) Tang, C.; Qiao, S.-Z. How to Explore Ambient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reliably and Insightfully. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2019, 48 (12), 3166–3180. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CS00280D. (4) Du, H.-L.; Gengenbach, T. R.; Hodgetts, R.; MacFarlane, D. R.; Simonov, A. N. Critical Assessment of the Electrocatalytic Activity of Vanadium and Niobium Nitrides toward Dinitrogen Reduction to Ammonia. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2019, 7 (7), 6839–6850. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06163. (5) Greenlee, L. F.; Renner, J. N.; Foster, S. L. The Use of Controls for Consistent and Accurate Measurements of Electrocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis from Dinitrogen. ACS Catal. 2018, 8 (9), 7820–7827. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b02120. (6) Smith, C.; K. Hill, A.; Torrente-Murciano, L. Current and Future Role of Haber–Bosch Ammonia in a Carbon-Free Energy Landscape. Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13 (2), 331–344. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EE02873K.
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Chung, Julia, Phoebe Hertler, Kevin Plaxco, and Lior Sepunaru. "(Digital Presentation) Catalytic Interruption Mitigates Edge Effects in the Characterization of Heterogeneous, Insulating Nanoparticles." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 50 (July 7, 2022): 2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01502111mtgabs.
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Single entity electrochemistry encompasses a broad collection of techniques that are used to detect and characterize single, freely diffusing analytes in solution1,2. A particular scheme in this field, “blocking” nanoimpacts, has expanded the scope of electrochemistry to the study of redox-inert materials. Here, as a particle adsorbs, it prevents charge exchange between the microelectrode with a freely diffusing electroactive redox mediator. The interpretation of these blocking results, however, is often complicated by “edge effects,” in which enhanced mass transport to the edges of microelectrodes leads to uneven current distributions3,4. To overcome this problem we introduce here the use of electrochemical amplification5. That is, we employ electrocatalytic amplification to drive a current increase, moving the rate limiting step in current generation away from the electrode surface, reducing the geometric impact of the electrode’s edges. Finite element simulations indicate that the rapid chemical kinetics introduced by this approach contributes to the amplification of the electronic signal to restore analytical precision and reliability detect and characterize the heterogeneity of nanoscale electro-inactive materials. Using this approach, which we have termed “electrocatalytic interruption,” we achieve significantly improved precision in the determination of particle size distributions.6 References Quinn, B. M.; van’t Hof, P. G.; Lemay, S. G. Time-Resolved Elec-trochemical Detection of Discrete Adsorption Events. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126 (27), 8360–8361. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0478577. Bard, A. J.; Faulkner, L. R. Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd ed.; Wiley: New York, 2001. Compton, R. G.; Banks, C. E. Understanding Voltammetry (Third Edition); World Scientific, 2018. Deng, Z.; Elattar, R.; Maroun, F.; Renault, C. In Situ Measurement of the Size Distribution and Concentration of Insulating Particles by Electrochemical Collision on Hemispherical Ultramicroelectrodes. Anal. Chem. 2018, 90 (21), 12923–12929. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03550. Bonezzi, J.; Boika, A. Deciphering the Magnitude of Current Steps in Electrochemical Blocking Collision Experiments and Its Implica-tions. Electrochimica Acta 2017, 236, 252–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.090. Chung, J.; Hertler, P.; Plaxco, K.W.; Sepunaru, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c04971. Figure 1
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Ers, Heigo, Liis Siinor, Enn Lust, and Piret Pikma. "The Adsorption of Bipyridine on Single-Crystal Electrodes from an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 60 (October 9, 2022): 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02602485mtgabs.
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The self-assembly of adsorbed molecules into structured adlayers on the electrode’s surface provides a straightforward way to modify the interface. Moreover, the formation and properties of the formed adlayers can be controlled by the applied potential, which offers fascinating prospects for the development of molecular switches1, thin film transistors2, and sensors3. Ionic liquids are a class of unique electrolytes, which properties differ notably from common aqueous or organic electrolytes. For example, due to good electrochemical stability and low vapour pressure of ionic liquids4, the adlayer formation process can be studied and the interfacial properties tuned in a significantly larger potential range. In the given presentation, we will focus on the adsorption of 4,4’-bipyridine (4,4’-BP) on single-crystal model electrodes from ionic liquid electrolyte. To gain insight into the process and formed structures, we have combined electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements with density functional theory calculations. The results show the formation of two distinct 4,4’-BP adlayers on the Sb(111) electrode on top of each other, visualized thanks to the occurrence of partial reductive desorption of 4,4’-BP5. In the case of the Cd(0001) surface, a similar reduction process was visible in the cyclic voltammetry and capacitance, potential dependences, although the formed 4,4’-BP adlayers were not visible with the in situ STM. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the Estonian Research Council grant PSG249, and by the EU through the European Regional Development Fund under project TK141 (2014-2020.4.01.15-0011). References: Yasini, P. et al. Potential-Induced High-Conductance Transport Pathways through Single-Molecule Junctions. J. Am. Chem. Soc 141, 10109–10116 (2019). Casalini, S., Bortolotti, C. A., Leonardi, F. & Biscarini, F. Self-assembled monolayers in organic electronics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 46, 40–71 (2017). Singh, M., Kaur, N. & Comini, E. The role of self-assembled monolayers in electronic devices. J. Mater. Chem. C 8, 3938–3955 (2020). Galiński, M., Lewandowski, A. & Stepniak, I. Ionic liquids as electrolytes. Electrochim. Acta 51, 5567–5580 (2006). Ers, H., Siinor, L., Siimenson, C., Lust, E. & Pikma, P. Order beyond a monolayer: The story of two self-assembled 4,4′-bipyridine layers on the Sb(111) | ionic liquid interface. Electrochim. Acta 421, 140468 (2022).
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Berestok, Taisiia, Christian Diestel, Niklas Ortlieb, Stefan W. Glunz, and Anna Fischer. "(Digital Presentation) A Highly Efficient Photosupercapacitor By Integration of a Mesoporous N-Doped Carbon Double Layer Capacitor with a Perovskite Solar Cell." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-017646mtgabs.
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Internet of Things devices – wireless sensors and actuators – require long-term off-grid power sources that would be cheap, and at the same time have a small footprint with low environmental impact throughout their life cycle. Such an off-grid power source could be realized with a photosupercapacitor: A solar cell is integrated with an electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) into a single monolithic device using a three-electrode design, where the two components share a common electrode.1 The solar cell converts ambient light into an electric current and charges the integrated supercapacitor via the common electrode, which in turn powers the external device. The supercapacitor, on the other hand, acts as a buffer, mediating between an intermittent light source and the load of the device. In terms of footprint and hence energy and power density, integrated monolithic photosupercapacitors have a clear advantage in comparison with simply wiring a solar cell to a supercapacitor as storage unit. When compared to batteries or pseudocapacitors that involve slow solid-state diffusion reactions and/or surface redox processes, EDLCs are particularly suited for the integration with solar cells into photosupercapacitors as they are able to operate efficiently in fast fluctuating environments where rapid on/off cycles are required without the need to supply a fixed voltage onset.2 Owing to their large specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, and electrochemical stability, mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres (MPNCs) show a great promise for being implemented as an electrode material for supercapacitors.3 , 4 To synthesize MPNCs we used a hard-templating strategy based on the polymerization and self-assembly of aniline in the presence of SiO2 nanoparticles (7 nm), which led to the formation of spherical SiO2/Polyaniline composites. Their carbonization and template removal resulted in highly monodisperse, 140 nm-diameter spherical MPNCs with a large specific surface area (825 m2 g-1) and defined mesopores (7 nm). The MPNCs are easily dispersible and could be processed by doctor-blading in homogeneous 3D-percolated electrodes. Benefiting from the well-defined mesoporous network and the highly accessible electrochemical surface area, our MPNC-based gel-electrolyte freestanding EDLC delivered large energy and power densities and a high capacitance (400 F g-1 at 1 A g-1) with high (95 %) coulombic efficiency. To achieve an energy-autonomous self-powered system, we combined the MPNC-based EDLCs with halide-perovskite-based solar cells in a monolithic three-electrode fashion. As the solar cell we used a p-i-n perovskite solar cell with a FA0.75Cs0.25Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3 (high bandgap) absorber and large photosensitive area (1 cm2) delivering a high open-short circuit voltage (VOC ) of 1.08 V and a short-circuit current (JSC ) of 17.9 mA/cm2. To facilitate the assembly process and to address the adverse sensitivity of the perovskite layer to the electrolyte solvent, we optimized the solar cell layer sequence and termination. At the same time, we used a semi-solid gel electrolyte for the EDLC, which minimizes the contact of the perovskite layer with the electrolyte solvent. This allowed us to obtain a free-standing integrated photosupercapacitor without the necessity of any encapsulation. This reduces the overall device footprint and cost, and simplifies the assembly. Benefiting from the high efficiency of the solar cell and the excellent performance of the EDLC, the integrated hybrid photosupercapacitor demonstrated fast (< 5 s) photocharging up to 1 V under 1 sun illumination and discharge through the EDLC terminals, proving that the solar energy was harvested, converted, and stored. The photosupercapacitor delivered 4.27 μWh/cm2 at a power density of 0.29 mW/cm2 and 1.68 μWh/cm2 at 2.2mW/cm2 with an areal capacitance of 31 mF/cm2. This resulted in an unprecedented overall electrochemical energy conversion efficiency of 11.5 %.5 The strategy for photosupercapacitor fabrication presented here was extended to the integration of MPNC-based EDLCs with other types of solar cells, depending on the intended application. The achieved results pave the way towards the development of off-grid powered energy-autonomous devices. 1 Q. Zeng, Y. Lai, L. Jiang, F. Liu, X. Hao, L. Wang and M. A. Green, Adv. Energy Mater., 2020, 10, 1–30. 2 F. Béguin, V. Presser, A. Balducci and E. Frackowiak, Adv. Mater., 2014, 26, 2219–2251. 3 J. Melke, R. Schuster, S. Möbus, T. Jurzinsky, P. Elsässer, A. Heilemann and A. Fischer, Carbon N. Y., 2019, 146, 44–59. 4 J. Melke, J. Martin, M. Bruns, P. Hu, A. Scho, A. Fischer, S. M. Isaza, F. Fink and P. Elsa, ACS Appl. Energy Mater, 2020, 3, 11627. 5 T. Berestok, C. Diestel, N. Ortlieb, J. Buettner, J. Matthews, P. S. C. Schulze, J. C. Goldschmidt, S. W. Glunz and A. Fischer, Sol. RRL, 2021, 5, 1–13.
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Toghyani, Somayeh, Florian Baakes, Ningxin Zhang, Helmut Kühnelt, Walter Cistjakov, and Ulrike Krewer. "(Digital Presentation) Model-Assisted Design of Oxide-Based All-Solid-State Li-Batteries with Hybrid Electrolytes for Aviation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024484mtgabs.
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There is a growing interest in the sustainability of the aviation industry sector over the past years due to the environmental issues associated with traditional aviation engines. Electric and hybrid aircrafts are considered promising technologies for reducing fuel consumption and enhancing system efficiency [1]. However, electrical energy storage systems require a higher capacity-to-weight ratio than today’s Li-ion batteries to fulfil the high demands in this area. Safety restrictions imposed by liquid electrolytes motivate the development of next-generation chemistries, such as oxide-based all-solid-state batteries (ASSB) for aviation, which have non-flammable electrolytes [2]. This option is investigated in the context of the IMOTHEP European project that aims at identifying promising hybrid aircraft configurations and studying the associated technology. However, the major drawbacks of oxide-based solid electrolytes are weak contact between electrode and electrolyte interface, low mechanical flexibility, and high density, which limit their use for high gravimetric energy density applications. To mitigate the aforementioned concerns, the solid polymer composite electrolytes approach could be applied, where oxides are mixed with polymer electrolytes [3]. Designing an optimum cell without ion transport limitations using experimental investigations is time- as well as resource-intensive due to the large number of iterations in production and evaluation required to achieve a well-performing design. Physics-based modelling is able to create a platform that can directly assess the impact of cell structure on battery performance and provide knowledge concerning limiting processes within the cell. Therefore, we here present the first study that combines a pseudo-two-dimensional model for the model-assisted evaluation of Li-ASSB with various hybrid electrolytes and single-ion conductor electrolytes with an evolutionary algorithm to identify optimum cell designs to reach a higher gravimetric energy density (see Fig. 1-a). To this end, we first compared the performance of several hybrid electrolytes with their experimental properties, to identify which electrolyte performs well with present technology and which has the potential to become an attractive alternative in the future. Our findings reveal that based on available ASSB technology, single ion-conducting electrolytes cannot achieve a higher gravimetric energy density than hybrid electrolytes at low current rates due to their high density, as shown in Fig. 1-b. ASSB based on 12.7 vol% of garnet Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) is the best option based on present manufacturing constraints. Furthermore, our study revealed that hybrid electrolytes based on 10 wt% of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) could be promising for future aircraft if researchers succeed to decrease its electrolyte thickness and chemical stability in contact with lithium metal anode. Further, sensitivity analyses enabled us to identify that the cathode thickness and volume fraction of cathode materials are critical parameters for the cell design of ASSB. Therefore, we applied a global optimisation to enhance gravimetric energy density by changing these two electrode design parameters. After optimisation, gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of 618 Wh kg-1 and 1251 Wh L-1 for 0.1C discharge are achieved, respectively, indicating that the cell with the optimal electrode design could meet the mission demand in the aviation industry with a gravimetric energy density of 500 Wh kg-1 and volumetric energy density of 1000 Wh L-1. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that our physics-based modelling in conjunction with an optimisation algorithm predicts the optimal composition of ASSB for a given constraint and thus supports the time- and cost-effective development of batteries that fulfil mission requirements, e.g. in the aviation sector. This work is conducted in the frame of the project IMOTHEP (Investigation and Maturation of Technologies for Hybrid Electric Propulsion), which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 875006 IMOTHEP. References: M. Tariq, A. I. Maswood, C. J. Gajanayake, and A. K. Gupta, IECON Proc. (Industrial Electron. Conf. 4429 (2016). J. Hoelzen, Y. Liu, B. Bensmann, C. Winnefeld, A. Elham, J. Friedrichs, and R. Hanke-Rauschenbach, Energies 11, 1 (2018). G. Piana, F. Bella, F. Geobaldo, G. Meligrana, and C. Gerbaldi, J. Energy Storage 26, 100947 (2019). S.Toghyani, , F. Baakes, N. Zhang, H. Kühnelt, W. Cistjakov, U. Krewer, J. Electrochem. Soc (2022). Figure 1
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Ting, Yuk. "ANALISIS PENYAJIAN SOAL LATIHAN PELAFALAN BAHASA MANDARIN DALAM BUKU ELEMENTARY COMPREHENSIVE COURSE I." LITE: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 16, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 174–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/lite.v16i2.4045.
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Pronunciation is the entrance to speaking skills. The presentation of structured and planned teaching materials will greatly help language learners in mastering pronunciation techniques. There are many textbooks that provide creative and interesting pronunciation practice questions, but they do not pay attention to the importance of regularity and the correct stages of presentation.The Elementary Comprehensive Course I (???????? (I) F?zh?n Hàny? Ch?jí Z?nghé (I) textbook) is one of the books published by the PRC which is also widely used by Mandarin students in Indonesia. In the book series for the beginner level there are similarities in layout, namely pronunciation practice questions, new vocabulary lists, texts / discourses, practice questions to strengthen understanding of texts / discourses. The focus of this research is on the part of pronunciation practice questions. In it, there are various forms of practice questions aimed at strengthening pronunciation mastery, but many users of this book still complain about the difficulty of mastering Mandarin pronunciation. What is the reason? This study will describe the questions contained in the Elementary Comprehensive Course I textbook, then identify the accuracy in the presentation of existing practice questions, based on the principles of presenting the practice questions from ??? (Zhào J?nmíng).
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Parke, Caitlin D., Kailot Harris, and Paul Albertus. "(Digital Presentation) A Zero-Dimensional Physics-Based Model for Lithium Carbon Monofluoride (Li/CFx) Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-011155mtgabs.
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Lithium carbon monofluoride primary batteries have a high energy density (2180 Wh/kg of active materials based on the typical discharge potential) and low self-discharge. They have traditionally been used in medical devices like pacemakers with low rates of several years [1]. The high energy density of Li/CFx batteries also make them attractive for higher rate uses like aerospace or military applications; however, rate capability and heat generation can pose a significant challenge at higher rates. The theoretical potential of a CFx battery is around 4.5 V, but practical cells operate at 3 V or lower. The ~1.5 V overpotential is attributed to the strength of the C-F bonds, which results in slow kinetics and significant heat generation, especially when considering high rate (e.g., >C/10) and energy dense cell designs. Other challenges include the deposition of insulating lithium fluoride and large volume changes in each electrode [2]. Our work focuses on a high-energy density primary battery with a CFx cathode and lithium anode, designed for high rates with intermittent pulse power requirements. Physics-based modeling is an important tool that can clarify underlying mechanisms and help guide design to satisfy multiple constraints. To understand the challenges posed by this chemistry at higher rates, we have developed a zero-dimensional (0D) physics-based model that captures some of the complex phenomena within the CFx cathode. Included in the model are kinetics described by a concentration-dependent expression, changing porosity and electrochemical active area, and Nernstian thermodynamics. The model may also include a treatment of methods that increase the capabilities beyond the typical limits for the CFx chemistry. The implications of various conditions will be explored, such as the effect of the porosity and loading. The model results will be compared to experimental data from coin cells. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Agency for funding this work. References Zhang, K. J. Takeuchi, E. S. Takeuchi, and A. C. Marschilok, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 17, 22504 (2015). S. Zhang, D. Foster, J. Wolfenstine, and J. Read, J. Power Sources, 187, 233 (2009).
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Bayes, Farhana, ASM Bazlul Karim, Laila Helaly, Fahmida Bayes, Md Rukunuzzaman, Sanjida Ahmed, and Syeda Tabassum Alam. "Spectrum of Hepatic Presentation of Wilsons Disease in Children Attending A Tertiary Care Centre of Dhaka City." Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 38, no. 2 (December 3, 2014): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i2.21142.
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Background: The incidence of Wilsons disease (WD) is increasing day by day in every ethnic group worldwide. WD has been found as a common cause of chronic liver disease in children. This study was undertaken to find out the occurrence and different types of hepatic presentation of Wilsons disease in children admitted with liver diseases at a tertiary care centre of Bangladesh. Methodology: This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out at the department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, BSMMU during the period from March 2008 through April 2010. A total number of 71 children of both sexes aged 3-15 years, who had the features of liver disease (jaundice with or without hepatomegaly / splenomegaly and / or raised serum ALT), were enrolled in this study. For the purpose of the study, the diagnosis of WD was made by the presence of any 2 of the 3 features: presence of K-F ring by slit lamp examination, low serum ceruloplasmin level (<20 mg/dL) and urinary copper excretion of >1600 ?gm /24 hours after penicillamine challenge. Results: Wilsons disease was found in 31 (43.7%) of 71 children. Among them chronic liver diseases were 18 (58%), acute hepatitis 6 (19.4%), acute liver failure 6 (19.4%) and asymptomatic WD case was 1 (3.2%). The mean age ±SD of WD cases at presentation was 9.87±2.6 years and 22 (70%) cases were male. Maximum numbers of WD cases were found in children below 10 year of age. The two common presenting features of WD cases were jaundice 28 (90.3%) and ascitis (58.1%). Other features were K-F ring, 25 (80.6%) and hepatomegaly, 24 (77.4%). Biochemical findings showed low serum ceruloplasmin level (done in 20 patients) in 20 cases and 24 hours urinary copper excretion of >1600 mg/day in 23 cases. About one third of children presented with liver diseases were diagnosed as Wilsons disease and about 50% of WD cases presented with chronic liver diseases. Conclusion: Wilsons disease is a common cause of chronic liver disease. Penicillamine challenge is a reliable diagnostic test for Wilsons disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i2.21142 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (2) : 79-85
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Badami, Pavan, Stephen E. Trask, Anil U. Mane, Jeffrey W. Elam, and Daniel P. Abraham. "Negating Crosstalk in High Voltage Spinel (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4)/ Graphite Full Cellsby Electrode Modifications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023219mtgabs.
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Since its discovery, the high-voltage spinel oxide LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO, sg: Fd-3m) has been widely pursued as a promising cathode for next generation Li-ion batteries due to advantages that include the following: high operating voltage, excellent rate capability and low manufacturing cost (1, 2). However, the LNMO cathode when paired with graphite shows poor capacity retention and increased cell impedance due to oxidation of the organic liquid electrolyte and Mn2+ migration onto the anode (2, 3). Herein, we aim to understand the causes of poor capacity retention in LNMO/graphite full cells and systematically address those issues with various electrode modification strategies. Cycling performance of cells with carbon-nanotube (CNTs) in the LNMO electrode (LNMO-CNT), and with a thin layer of Al2O3 on the graphite electrode (Gr-Al2O3), is examined in half, full and three-electrode cell configurations. The cells with LNMO-CNT electrode show significantly lower cell impedance than cells with LNMO electrodes (without the CNT). Additionally, cells with the Al2O3-coated graphite electrode show improved capacity retention compared to cells with the uncoated graphite. Furthermore, cells containing Li4Ti5O12 anodes display the best capacity retention. We investigate and compare the physiochemical changes in electrodes and electrolyte using various diagnostic techniques; data from these experiments will be reported during the presentation. References : M. M. Thackeray, W. I. F. David, P. G. Bruce and J. B. Goodenough, Materials Research Bulletin, 18, 461 (1983). S. Patoux, L. Daniel, C. Bourbon, H. Lignier, C. Pagano, F. Le Cras, S. Jouanneau and S. Martinet, J Power Sources, 189, 344 (2009). F. Zou, H. C. Nallan, A. Dolocan, Q. Xie, J. Y. Li, B. M. Coffey, J. G. Ekerdt and A. Manthiram, Energy Storage Materials, 43, 499 (2021). Acknowledgements: This document has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
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Stando, Grzegorz Jan, Paweł Stando, Pavel Chulkin, Mika Sahlman, Mari Lundström, Haitao Liu, and Dawid Janas. "(Digital Presentation) Electrical Properties of Nanocarbon-Polyaniline Nanocomposites." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 9 (July 7, 2022): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-019760mtgabs.
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Macroscopic objects such as fibers and films formed from a combination of nanocarbon materials and polymers have promising electrical [1], thermal [2], thermoelectric [3], and mechanical [4] properties. In particular, composites of nanocarbon and conductive polymers revealed that they can constitute key parts of batteries [1] and thermoelectric generators [3]. In literature, it is possible to find many synthesis methods of this type of material. One of the most common approaches is electrochemical, wherein monomers are polymerized onto the nanocarbon surface due to its highly conducting nature [5]. Polyaniline (PANI) is the oldest and still one of the most popular conductive polymers used in this area. That is because PANI is relatively simple to manufacture at low cost and effort. Moreover, it has good mechanical strength and tunable electrical conductivity, which depend on the kind of PANI. This polymer has three forms: pernigraniline – fully oxidized (purpure/red), emeraldine – partially oxidized (blue/violet), and leucoemeraldine – fully reduced (black) [6]. Emeraldine achieves the highest conductivity when doped with Brøstead acids such as HCl, H2SO4, HBF4 [7]. The goal of this study was to exploit the phenomenon of the hydrophilic surface of carbon nanostructure caused by thermal annealing, described by us previously [8], to electropolymerize aniline onto free-standing films from nanocarbon. The films were manufactured by the wet method [8] using single-walled nanotubes (SWCNTs) exclusively and SWCNTs/graphene nanoplatelet composite. Electropolymerization was used to synthesize PANI on the surface of these materials. To establish the parameters of synthesis of different forms of PANI, voltage ranges between [(-1.6 V) – (1.6 V)] were investigated. The films were tested as a counter and a working electrode in this process. After the synthesis, the composites were investigated by optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy. Moreover, water contact angles, electrical conductivity values, and Seebeck coefficients were determined. Composites containing all three PANI forms have been synthesized and thoroughly analyzed to elucidate the structure-property relations. Consequently, correlations between the forms of PANI and the characteristics of nanocomposites were established. Depending on the amount and type of PANI on the surface, the character of the nanocarbon films was affected considerably. For example, coating of the material with emeraldine salts enhanced the electrical conductivity of the films by about 60% [9], while simultaneously making the material much stronger. [1] L. Xiao, Y.H. Sehlleier, S. Dobrowolny, F. Mahlendorf, A. Heinzel, C. Schulz, H. Wiggers, Novel Si-CNT/polyaniline nanocomposites as Lithium-ion battery anodes for improved cycling performance, Mater. Today Proc. 4 (2017) S263–S268. doi:10.1016/J.MATPR.2017.09.197. [2] Z. Duan, Y. Luo, Z. Luo, W. Yu, C. Liu, S. Fan, The influence of charging and discharging on the thermal properties of a carbon nanotube/polyaniline nanocomposite electrode, RSC Adv. 9 (2019) 7629–7634. doi:10.1039/C9RA00151D. [3] R. Wu, H. Yuan, C. Liu, J. Le Lan, X. Yang, Y.H. Lin, Flexible PANI/SWCNT thermoelectric films with ultrahigh electrical conductivity, RSC Adv. 8 (2018) 26011–26019. doi:10.1039/c8ra04863k. [4] M.R. Saeb, P. Zarrintaj, Polyaniline/graphene-based nanocomposites, Fundam. Emerg. Appl. Polyaniline. (2019) 165–175. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-817915-4.00010-5. [5] C. Oueiny, S. Berlioz, F.X. Perrin, Carbon nanotube–polyaniline composites, Prog. Polym. Sci. 39 (2014) 707–748. doi:10.1016/J.PROGPOLYMSCI.2013.08.009. [6] S.C. Rasmussen, The Early History of Polyaniline: Discovery and Origins, An Int. J. Hist. Chem. Subst. 1 (2017) 99–109. doi:10.13128/substantia-30. [7] Q. Qin, Y. Guo, Preparation and characterization of nano-polyaniline film on ITO conductive glass by electrochemical polymerization, J. Nanomater. 2012 (2012). doi:10.1155/2012/519674. [8] D. Janas, G. Stando, Unexpectedly strong hydrophilic character of free-standing thin films from carbon nanotubes, Sci. Rep. 7 (2017) 12274. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12443-y. [9] G.Stando, P. Stando, P. Chulkin, M. Salhman, M. Lundström, D. Janas, Electropolymerization of aniline onto hydrophilic nanocarbon films (in preparation) G.S. and P.S. would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland for financial support of research (under Diamond Grant, grant agreement 0036/DIA/201948). G.S. also would like to thank European Union for thanks for financing the costs of the conference (European Social Fund, grant nr POWR.03.05.00-00-Z305) and National Agency for Academic Exchange of Poland (under the Iwanowska program, grant agreement PPN/IWA/2019/1/00017/UO/00001) for financial support during the stay at the University of Pittsburgh in the USA. G.S. and H.L. acknowledge NSF (CBET-2028826) for partial support of this work. P. S. acknowledges the National Agency for Academic Exchange of Poland (under the Academic International Partnerships program, grant agreement PPI/APM/2018/1/00004) for supporting training in the Aalto University. G.S, P.S and D.J. would like to thank the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (under the Leader program, grant agreement LIDER/0001/L-8/16/NCBR/2017).
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Alvarez Ferrero, Guillermo, Gustav Åvall, Youhyun Son, Knut Janßen, Katherine Mazzio, and Philipp Adelhelm. "(Digital Presentation) The Role of the Electrolyte in the Charge Storage Mechanism of TiS2 in Sodium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01171mtgabs.
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The development of high-performance energy storage devices has recently attracted much attention for applications such as electrical vehicles, grid storage and portable devices. In this sense, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) has appeared as an alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries as a result of the availability, lower environmental impact and reduced cost of the battery due to the typical SIB chemistry.1 Even though graphite is a well-established and highly commercialized anode material, its application in SIBs suffers from several drawbacks, such as the practical impossibility of using traditional carbonates-based electrolytes due to unfavorable thermodynamic behavior – resulting in low specific capacities. Despite this, certain solvents (such as ethers) allow the use of graphite in SIBs through the formation of ternary graphite intercalation compounds by a co-intercalation reaction, showing excellent cyclability and kinetics. However, its capacity at 100-150 mAh g-1 is still low compare to other anode materials, in addition to showing large volume expansion. 2, 3 Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as promising anode materials owing to their low cost, high electric conductivity, good thermal stability and environmental friendliness. Among them, titanium sulphide (TiS2), with a two-dimensional framework, exhibits several advantages such as a high conductivity (compare to other metal oxides), a larger interlayer distance (0.569 nm) compared to graphite (0.335 nm) and high stability. 4 Several papers have reported on the use of TiS2 as an anode material for SIBs, and observed that the voltage profiles and electrochemical behaviour of the system is highly dependent on the choice of electrolyte, yet this has seldomly been explicitly stated, nor the cause of the electrolyte dependence investigated. Here, we demonstrate that depending on the electrolyte employed, an electrochemical co-intercalation reaction, similar to those reported with graphite as active material can also occur. Galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments were first performed to assess differences between different electrolytes (linear ethers, cyclic ethers and carbonates). Here, differences were found on the voltage profiles among the linear ethers and the rest of the solvents employed. By using in-situ and ex-situ techniques, a huge expansion on the TiS2 layers was found when diglyme was the solvent used. It was concluded here that co-intercalation of the solvent with sodium was the mechanism that occurs. On the contrary, when a cyclic ether and/or a mixture of carbonates were used, a lower expansion of the layered structure occurred and remained constant during the cycling. Dilatometry experiments were used to confirmed these mechanisms. Thus, with this technique, it is possible to monitor the variation on the thickness of the electrode during cycling, i.e. operando. In this sense, a greater expansion was observed when diglyme was used as the solvent electrolyte. Finally, DFT was used to study the solvents investigated, and their interaction with the sodium cation. It was found that among the solvents, diglyme produced by far the smallest and most stable solvation shells, making them prime candidates for co-intercalation studies. Comparing the size and stability of the solvation shell, with the interlayer binding energy of TiS2, we found it was energetically favorable to expand the lattice and allow a solvation shell into the host structure, compared to forming a bare ion. Figure 1. Illustration on the variation of the layer distance from pristine to sodiated diglyme. D. Kundu, E. Talaie, V. Duffort and L. F. Nazar, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2015, 54, 3431-3448. B. Jache, J. O. Binder, T. Abe and P. Adelhelm, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 14299-14316. M. Goktas, C. Bolli, J. Buchheim, E. J. Berg, P. Novák, F. Bonilla, T. f. Rojo, S. Komaba, K. Kubota and P. Adelhelm, ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2019, 11, 32844-32855. Q. Yun, L. Li, Z. Hu, Q. Lu, B. Chen and H. Zhang, Adv. Mater., 2020, 32, 1903826. Figure 1
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Xia, Rong, and Feng Jiao. "Enhanced Multi-Carbon Selectivity Via Tandem CO2 Electroreduction." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 29 (October 9, 2022): 2495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02292495mtgabs.
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Electrifying chemical production is a potential approach to decarbonizing the chemical industry. Currently, 21% of the global greenhouse gas emissions come from the industry sector, while chemical manufacturing accounts for the largest share of industrial carbon emissions1. The electrochemical processes, when powered by renewable electricity, have lower carbon footprints than conventional thermochemical routes. The rapid development of renewable energy provides opportunities for electrifying chemical production and decarbonizing the chemical industry. Among these, electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) attracted much attention as a potential pathway for carbon utilization and sustainable chemical production. In this presentation, I would like to present a tandem CO2 electroreduction scheme for multicarbon production. A molecular tuning strategy is applied to tune the intermediate binding energy and thus enhance the CO selectivity in the first step2. Then CO2 and CO electroreduction to C2+ products in alkaline conditions are compared, with particular emphasis on carbonate formation and carbon efficiency (i.e., the amount of carbon ended in the desired products divided by the total amount of CO2 consumed)3. The conclusion is that CORR shows specific advantages over CO2RR in the aspects of C2+ selectivity, stability, carbon efficiency, and single-pass conversion. Then oxide-derived Cu plates are chosen for the second step in tandem reduction, which shows a C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 83% at -0.59 V vs RHE. Lastly, we further extend our tandem system to electrocatalytic–thermocatalytic reaction for CO2 conversion to C3 oxygenate4. A 25 cm2 membrane electrode assembly device is coupled with a thermochemical hydroformylation reactor to produce 1-propanol and propanal. A total C3 oxygenate selectivity of ~18% is achieved in the tandem reaction. References: Xia, R.; Overa, S.; Jiao, F., Emerging Electrochemical Processes to Decarbonize the Chemical Industry. JACS Au 2022, 2 (5), 1054-1070. Xia, R.; Zhang, S.; Ma, X.; Jiao, F., Surface-functionalized palladium catalysts for electrochemical CO2 J. Mater. Chem. A 2020, 8 (31), 15884-15890. Xia, R.; Lv, J.; Ma X.; Jiao, F., Enhanced multi-carbon selectivity via CO electroreduction approach. Catal. 2021, 398, 185-191. Biswas, A. N.; Xie, Z.; Xia, R.; Overa, S.; Jiao, F.; Chen, J. G., Tandem Electrocatalytic–Thermocatalytic Reaction Scheme for CO2 Conversion to C3 ACS Energy Letters 2022, 2904-2910.
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Yamaguchi, Yasutaka, Hiroki Kusudo, Carlos Bistafa, Donatas Surblys, Takeshi Omori, and Gota Kikugawa. "(Invited) Nanoscale Wetting and Its Connection with Macroscopic Young's Equation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 28 (July 7, 2022): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01281252mtgabs.
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Wetting plays a key role in the cleaning process to remove impurities as one of the essential processes for the fabrication of semiconductor device, where cleaning of trenches with water, replacement with IPA (isopropyl-alcohol) and its removal are iteratively carried out. This process is still required upon recent reduction of the line width under 10 nm; however, this size is already at the border of the continuum limit where the theories of fluid mechanics can be applied. The authors adopted molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine the liquid behavior, especially regarding wetting at the nanoscale with respect to simple Lennard-Jones fluid [1-3], water [4,5], methanol as well as IPA as the liquids [6,7], while simple non-polar crystal [1-3,6], silica partially terminated with OH as the solids [4,5,7]. In these series of studies, we have shown how the solid-liquid, solid-vapor and liquid-vapor interfacial tensions can be defined in nanoscale to be consistent with Young’s equation as the macroscopic description about wetting. In the presentation, we will discuss how the interfacial tensions as the free energy can be properly calculated by MD simulations from mechanical and thermodynamic viewpoints. [1] Y. Yamaguchi, H. Kusudo, D. Surblys, T. Omori and G. Kikugawa, J. Chem. Phys. 150 (2019), 044701. [2] H. Kusudo, T. Omori, Y. Yamaguchi, J. Chem. Phys. 151 (2019), 154501. [3] Y. Imaizumi, T. Omori, H. Kusudo, C. Bistafa, Y. Yamaguchi, J. Chem. Phys., 153 (2020), 034701. [4] D. Surblys, F. Leroy, Y. Yamaguchi, F. Mueller-Plathe, J. Chem. Phys. 148 (2018), 134707. [5] C. Bistafa, D. Surblys, H. Kusudo, Y. Yamaguchi, J. Chem. Phys., 155 (2021), 064703. [6] D. Surblys, Y. Yamaguchi, K. Kuroda, M. Kagawa, T. Nakajima, and H. Fujimura, J. Chem. Phys. 140 (2014), 034505. [7] Y. Yamaguchi, S. Nakaoka, T. Hayashi, M. Kawakami, D. Yano, ECS Trans. 92 (2019), 87.
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Cimek, Jarosław, Xavier Forestier, Ryszard Stepien, Mariusz Klimczak, and Ryszard Buczynski. "Synthesis conditions of ZBLAN glass for mid-infrared optical components." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i1.804.
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We report on successful synthesis of ZBLAN glass. Different purity of zirconium tetrafluoride used for synthesis and fluorinating agents were analyzed to obtain high optical quality glass. Among fluorinating agents we used ammonium bifluoride, xenon difluoride and sulfur hexafluoride. The best results in form of synthetized glasses have transmission window extending from 0.2 to 8.0 um, which allows to fabricate fibers for mid-infrared applications. Full Text: PDF ReferencesR. Stępień, J. Cimek, D. Pysz, I. Kujawa, M. Klimczak, and R. Buczyński, Soft glasses for photonic crystal fibers and microstructured optical components, Opt. Eng. 53, 071815 (2014). CrossRef D. Pysz, I. Kujawa, R. Stępień, M. Klimczak, A. Filipkowski, M. Franczyk, L. Kociszewski, J. Buźniak, K. Haraśny, R. Buczyński, Stack and draw fabrication of soft glass microstructured fiber optics, Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci.-Tech. Sci., 62(4), 667-683 (2014). CrossRef R. Kasztelanic, I. Kujawa, R. Stępień, K. Haraśny, D. Pysz and R. Buczyński, Molding of soft glass refraction mini lens with hot embossing process for broadband infrared transmission systems, Infrared Phys. Technol. 61, 299-305 (2013). CrossRef Moynihan C.T. (1987) Crystallization Behavior of Fluorozirconate Glasses. In: Almeida R.M. (eds) Halide Glasses for Infrared Fiberoptics. NATO ASI Series (Series E: Applied Sciences), 123, Springer, Dordrecht. CrossRef M. R. Majewski, R. I. Woodward, S. D. Jackson, Dysprosium-doped ZBLAN fiber laser tunable from 2.8?m to 3.4?m, pumped at 1.7?m, Opt. Lett. 43, 971-974 (2018). CrossRef G Bharathan, R. I. Woodward, M. Ams, D. D. Hudson, S. D. Jackson, A. Fuerbach, Direct inscription of Bragg gratings into coated fluoride fibers for widely tunable and robust mid-infrared lasers, Opt. Express 25, 30013-30019 (2017). CrossRef Y. Shen, Y. Wang, H. Chen, K. Luan, M. Tao, J. Si, Wavelength-tunable passively mode-locked mid-infrared Er3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser, Sci. Rep. 7, 14913 (2017). CrossRef J. Méndez-Ramos, P. Acosta-Mora, J. C. Ruiz-Morales, T. Hernández, M. E. Borges, P. Esparza, Heavy rare-earth-doped ZBLAN glasses for UV?blue up-conversion and white light generation, J. Lumin. 143, 479-483 (2013). CrossRef X. Jiang, N. Y. Joly, M. A. Finger, F. Babic, G. K. L. Wong, J. C. Travers, P. St. J. Russell, Deep-ultraviolet to mid-infrared supercontinuum generated in solid-core ZBLAN photonic crystal fibre, Nat. Photonics 9, 133?139 (2015). CrossRef X. Jiang, N. Y. Joly, M. A. Finger, F. Babic, M. Pang, R. Sopalla, M. H. Frosz, S. Poulain, M. Poulain, V. Cardin, J. C. Travers, P. St. J. Russell, Supercontinuum generation in ZBLAN glass photonic crystal fiber with six nanobore cores, Opt. Lett. 41, 4245-4248 (2016). CrossRef A. Medjouri, E. B. Meraghni, H. Hathroubi, D. Abed, L. M. Simohamed, O. Ziane, Design of ZBLAN photonic crystal fiber with nearly zero ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion for supercontinuum generation, Optik 135, 417?425 (2017). CrossRef D. C. Tee, N. Tamchek, C. H. Raymond Ooi, Numerical Modeling of the Fundamental Characteristics of ZBLAN Photonic Crystal Fiber for Communication in 2?3 ?m Midinfrared Region, IEEE Photon. J. 8, 4500713 (2016) . CrossRef Y. Dai, K. Takahashi, I. Yamaguchi, Thermal oxidation of fluorozirconate glass and fibres, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 12, 1648?1651 (1993). CrossRef P. Hlubina, White-light spectral interferometry with the uncompensated Michelson interferometer and the group refractive index dispersion in fused silica, Opt. Commun. 193, 1-7 (2001). CrossRef F. Gan, Optical properties of fluoride glasses: a review, J. Non Cryst. Sol. 184, 9-20 (1995). CrossRef A. Filipkowski, B. Piechal, D. Pysz, R. Stepien, A. Waddie, M. R. Taghizadeh, and R. Buczynski, Nanostructured gradient index micro axicons made by a modified stack and draw method, Opt. Lett. 40, 5200-5203 (2015). CrossRef R. Kasztelanic, A. Filipkowski, D. Pysz, R. Stepień, A. J. Waddie, M. R. Taghizadeh, and R. Buczynski, High resolution Shack-Hartmann sensor based on array of nanostructured GRIN lenses, Opt. Express 25, 1680-1691 (2017). CrossRef
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Ying, Bixian, Pranti Sutar, Peter Nagel, Stefan Schuppler, and Karin Kleiner. "(Digital Presentation) Investigations into the Capacity Degradation Due to an Electronic Structural Change in Homogenous Boron-Substituted Ni-Rich Layered Oxides." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 4 (July 7, 2022): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-014519mtgabs.
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Ni-rich layered oxides (LiNixCoyMnzO2, x≥0.8, x+y+z=1) would fulfil the energy density requirements of the automobile industry since they offer outstanding capacities at relatively high mean voltages and sufficient power densities1-3. However, the materials still show significant capacity and voltage fade which requires substantial research. Recently we have shown that the electronic structure is the key to understand the performance but also the failure of the materials1. Thus, we intend to modify the electronic structure using anionic dopants such as Boron. Thus, homogenous B-substituted NCM811s (BNCM811_x%, x% means the x at. % of Boron) are synthesized and the materials reveal a significant change in the electronic structure as evident from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS). Interestingly, a shift of the so called H2-H3 peak4 to higher potentials was observed by Boron substitution and BNCM811s_2% shows relative higher initial discharge capacity (Figure 1A.) at a slightly higher mean voltage, but a lower cycling stability compared to NCM811 (Figure 1B.). The H2-H3 differential capacity peak (Figure 1C) might also include oxygen release5, which is one of the main reasons restricting the cycling stability. Near edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) shows that the H2-H3 peak corresponds to a reaction from Ni3+ to Ni2+ (upon charge) and Ni2+ to Ni3+ (upon discharge) which suggest a reaction like NiO2 ⥂ NiO + ½ O2 as the underlying process. At the same time, an Oxygen K peak at 531 eV appears in the NEXAFS spectra, which was assigned to O-O formation in the host structure of Li-rich materials6, 7. Note that the electronic structure of the materials was determined in 5 mAh/g steps over the H2-H3 peak and due to the high resolution, this process became visible for the first time. The findings suggest that dimer formation is not only a phenomenon of Li-rich materials but can also be found in Ni-rich layered oxides at high states of charge. The origin of dimer formation and oxygen release can be traced back to the electronic configuration of Ni. Charge transfer multiplet calculations reveal, that Ni2+ reacts to covalent Ni3+ upon charge (and vice versa upon discharge)1. Ni3+ has a 3d7 electronic state, whose low spin configuration is more preferred than its high spin configuration. Thus, Ni3+ is more prone to Jahn-Teller (JT) distortions and tends to form covalent bonds. Consequently, the electrons are more bound to the individual sites making a further oxidation of the transition metal almost impossible. In conclusion, Boron substitution helps us to understand the function and failure of layered oxides in Li-ion batteries on an atomistic scale and the findings can be used as a design guide for future materials. K. Kleiner, C. A. Murray, C. Grosu, B. Ying, M. Winter, P. Nagel, S. Schuppler and M. Merz, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2021. J. Zhao, W. Zhang, A. Huq, S. T. Misture, B. Zhang, S. Guo, L. Wu, Y. Zhu, Z. Chen and K. Amine, Advanced Energy Materials, 2017, 7, 1601266. S.-J. Yoon, K.-J. Park, B.-B. Lim, C. S. Yoon and Y.-K. Sun, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2014, 162, A3059. S. Jamil, G. Wang, L. Yang, X. Xie, S. Cao, H. Liu, B. Chang and X. Wang, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2020, 8, 21306-21316. K. Märker, P. J. Reeves, C. Xu, K. J. Griffith and C. P. Grey, Chemistry of Materials, 2019, 31, 2545-2554. E. Hu, X. Yu, R. Lin, X. Bi, J. Lu, S. Bak, K.-W. Nam, H. L. Xin, C. Jaye and D. A. Fischer, Nature Energy, 2018, 3, 690-698. K. Kleiner, B. Strehle, A. R. Baker, S. J. Day, C. C. Tang, I. Buchberger, F.-F. Chesneau, H. A. Gasteiger and M. Piana, Chemistry of Materials, 2018, 30, 3656-3667. Figure 1
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Prokopov, S. "J. S. Bach and G. F. Handel’s works performed by the choir of the Kharkiv National Kotlyarevsky University of Arts students." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 52, no. 52 (October 3, 2019): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-52.02.
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Background. In Ukraine both musicologists and performers (in particular the choirs conducted by well-known choirmasters) do much for the further development of the home Bach studies. For instance, the direction of the ‘choral bahhiana’ was actively developed by the leading choirmasters of that time professor M. Berdennikov (Kiev), Y. Kulik (Kharkiv) in the 60’s and 70’s. It is known that future students of the choral conducting departments first learn the choral heritage of J. S. Bach and G. F. Handel, as a rule, at the piano lessons at children musical schools and secondary schools. Unfortunately, their choral works aren’t often sounded today in the concert halls of musical academies and universities of arts. This music seemed to move from the concert stage to the classrooms. Analysis of publications according the topic. Among the researches that highlight the problems of the style of the sacred works of J. S. Bach and G. F. Handel, it is necessary to point out the fundamental studies of I. Givental and L. Gingold, M. Druskin, T. Livanova, V. Protopopov, A. Schweitzer, articles of modern authors by K. Berdennikova, N. Inutochkina, Y. Lyashenko, V. Semenuk, G. Skobtsova. However, the questions of the specifics of choral vocal technique remain, as a rule, outside the attention of scholars and they constitute the topic’s relevance of the article. Methods. The usage of the historical method contributed to the research of the educational choral performance at the present stage. It is involved structural-functional and intonational methods for establishing dramatic works’ features and concretization of their spiritual content. The comparative method is used to determine the differences between vocal style of J. S. Bach and G. F. Handel’s works and the technique of working with them. Objectives. The main goal is systematization of theoretical and practical observations with the performance of J. S. Bach and G. F. Handel’s choral works by the choir of the Kharkiv National Kotlyarevsky University of Arts students. The article is devoted to highlighting the problems of the performing process and the specifics of the choir practice of students with compositions by J. S. Bach (Cantata No. 140, ‘Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme’ and Magnificat) G. F. Handel (Dettingen Te Deum in D major, HWV 283). Results. The holding of the 22nd International Music Festival “Kharkiv Assemblies” devoted to the J. S. Bach and G. F. Handel’s oeuvre in 2015 was a significant event not only for Kharkiv but also the whole Ukraine’s musical life. The choir of the Kharkiv National Kotlyarevsky University of Arts students traditionally participated in it as in previous years (art director – Honored Art Worker of Ukraine, professor S. Prokopov, choirmasters – laureate of the all-Ukrainian competition H. Savelyeva, award winner of the all-Ukrainian competition O. Fartushka). The choir performed Magnificat and Cantata No. 140 by J. S. Bach ‘Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme’, fragments from the Dettingen Te Deum in D major, HWV 283 by G. F. Handel (the last two works are Kharkiv premieres). The work with them took place in short order and so it caused of some vocal technique difficulties and the problems of performative concept and performative style. Complaxities were intensified by the lack of necessary acoustic accumulation and the practical experience of performing the music of the Baroque by many young choirmasters, members of the choir group. The importance of studying the musical heritage of composers of genius in order to make a conductor-choirmaster personality is emphasized in the article. The main difficulties of learning choral scores due to the lack of performing experience, certain acoustic accumulation of choral music of the late baroque period which students of choral conducting specialization have. The approximation to the true understanding of the performing style of choral music by J. S. Bach and G. F. Handel may be provided with conditions of a thorough in-depth studying their works. The main tasks of the performative choices are described: appreciation of the entire depth of the spiritual content of J. S. Bach’s and G. F. Handel’s music by young performers, the correlation between vocal and instrumental principles, rational and emotional ones. One of the main tasks of the choir practice of students with J. S. Bach’s cantata No. 140 «Watchet auf, ruft uns die Stimme» was an adequate presentation of composer’s style. The composer treats the human voice as equal to the orchestra. Therefore, the vocal-instrumental nature of Bach’s choral style needs another way of sound-building, a greater unity of voices than our home choral music needs. They consider specific methods and techniques of work on such executive factors as tempo-rhythm, strokes. The questions of choral vocal technique, in particular, vocal intonation (significance of timbre expression, usage of different types of respiration, clear diction, active articulation) are raised. J. S. Bach’s interpretation of voice as an instrument, demands from performers a great deal of its mobility, almost virtuosity, especially in contrapuntal sections. As for the vocal style of G. F. Handel, the influence of the operatic style, which is felt in his oratorios and cantatas is emphasized. Conclusions. The choir practice of students and performing by the student choir of German composers’ genius works, the communication of young performers with outstanding conductors, singers (including foreign ones) became for them the true school of craftsmanship, promoted the professional growth of the choir group, revealed its new performance capabilities. Choral music of J. S. Bach and G. F. Handel should move from the educational audiences of universities and academies to the specific halls. The works of genius need to include in student choral groups’ repertoire.
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Tsui, Lok-kun, Kamal Ahammed, Yongkun Sui, Emily A. Weigel, Qiang Huang, and Judi Lavin. "(Digital Presentation) Electrodeposition of Re on Aerosol Jet Printed Metal Seed Layers on Flexible Substrates." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 25 (October 9, 2022): 2504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02252504mtgabs.
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Quantum computers (QCs) are expected to run advanced algorithms to solve currently intractable challenges in chemistry simulations, cryptography, medicine, and finance.[1] The Josephson Junction based qubits that power a quantum computer must reside in a cryogenically cooled chamber at 10 mK. Communications with this chip is currently carried out with a chandelier of rigid cables.[2] A flexible cable containing superconducting interconnect lines could in principle simplify the design of QC interconnects and lead to improvement in qubit density and efficiency. We have previously demonstrated the use of aerosol jet printing (AJP) for the patterning of electrodeposited Cu and Ni [3]. We have also recently reported on the development of a water-in-salt method to electrodeposit superconducting Re on evaporated Au on Si substrates. These Re components have a critical temperature above 4.2 K, which makes the superconductivity easily accessible with liquid He cooling[4]. We report for the first time the metallization of flexible Kapton substrates with printed Au and Ag nanoparticle inks by aerosol jet printing as the seed for superconductor electrodeposition. Electrodeposition of Re onto the printed structures was performed using the water-in-salt method. ASTM D3359 tests demonstrated that Au has superior adhesion to Kapton, while the Ag seed does not survive rhenium deposition, potentially due to the high internal stress of Re. Further, improved adhesion was demonstrated when Kapton substrates were roughened with 1200 grit sandpaper. Electrodeposited Re on AJP Au seed layer on flexible Kapton substrates, as shown in Figure 1, demonstrated a superconducting transition temperature of 6K. In addition, electrodeposited Re on Au survived 200 cycles of flexure testing under >30 MPa load and 1.2% strain. These efforts demonstrate the proof-of-principle for patterning of superconducting interconnects for the further development of QCs. SNL is managed and operated by NTESS under DOE NNSA contract DE-NA0003525. SAND2022-11522 A References [1] F. Bova, A. Goldfarb, and R.G. Melko “Commercial Applications of Quantum Computing.” EPJ Quantum Tech. (2021) 8:2. [2] S. Krinner, S. Storz, P. Kurpiers, P. Magnard, J. Heinsoo, R. Keller, J. Lütolf, C. Eichler & A. Wallraff. “Engineering cryogenic setups for 100-qubit scale superconducting circuit systems.” EPJ Quantum Tech. (2019) 6:2. [3] L. K. Tsui, S. C. Kayser, S. A. Strong, and J. M. Lavin, “High Resolution Aerosol Jet Printed Components with Electrodeposition-Enhanced Conductance.” ECS J. Solid State Sci. Tech. (2021). 10, 047001. [4] W. D. Sides, E. Hassani, D. P. Pappas, Y. Hu, T. S. Oh, Q. Huang “Grain growth and superconductivity of rhenium electrodeposited from water-in-salt electrolytes.” J. App. Phys. (2020). 127, 085301. Figure 1. (a) Photograph of a well adhered Re on Au sample. (b) Superconducting transition data for Re on printed Au on Kapton. Figure 1
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Mandal, Tanushree, Lasangi Dhanapalamudiyanselage, James Rusling, and Donal Leech. "(Digital Presentation) Rapid and Oxygen-Insensitive Electrochemical Immunoassay for Detection and Staging of Prostate Cancer." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 61 (October 9, 2022): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02612234mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men diagnosed worldwide. The conventional non-invasive test for detection and staging of prostate cancer include prostate specific antigen (PSA) test which often can give false positives and is unable to distinguish between aggressive and indolent stages of PCa. This results in doing unnecessary invasive tests like digital rectal examination (DRE), biopsy etc., which only gives further anxiety to patients. Here we describe a rapid and oxygen-insensitive microfluidic immunoassay for on-line capture and precise detection of potential prostate cancer protein biomarkers. Measurement of a panel of biomarkers will help in not only diagnosing the PCa precisely but may also help in staging the cancer. The microfluidic system includes protein capture from serum using a sandwich ELISA arrangement and signal-transducing poly-horseradish peroxidase (poly-HRP) enzyme labels on an 8-electrode screen-printed carbon array. A major challenge in using these screen-printed electrode arrays is the estimation of the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of electrodes because the current signal is proportional to ECSA and variability in the electrode surface areas generate variability in the corresponding currents. We show that normalization of electrode responses having different surface areas can be achieved using in-situ experimental methods and that the normalization methods can improve the precision of the immunoassay. Another challenge in electrochemical immunoassay systems is the interference of oxygen using the mediator hydroquinone1. A range of osmium polypyridyl complexes were studied to find the best mediator that is not affected by oxygen. Using an optimized mediator and a simple method to estimate carbon electrode surface area, immunoassays can be designed with improved detection characteristics. (1) Dhanapala, L.; Jones, A. L.; Czarnecki, P.; Rusling, J. F. Sub-Zeptomole Detection of Biomarker Proteins Using a Microfluidic Immunoarray with Nanostructured Sensors. Anal. Chem. 2020, 92 (12), 8021–8025. ttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01507.
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Hillman, A. Robert, Asuman Unal, Salih Cihangir, Abdulcabbar Yavuz, and Karl Ryder. "Nanogravimetric Monitoring of Electrochemically Driven Fluoride Ion Extraction from Water By Aniline-Based Copolymer Films." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 45 (July 7, 2022): 1909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01451909mtgabs.
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Sustainable access to safe drinking water is a global societal goal [1]. Accordingly, much attention has been given to the development of technologies for remediation of the unintended effects of agricultural practices and industrial processes. The case of fluoride in water is an interesting case in two respects: its desirability up to a point and its natural origins. The beneficial effects of fluoride on dental health are recognized: in some countries drinking water is routinely fluoridated. However, high levels of fluoride can have detrimental effects on teeth, bones and internal organs; the recommended upper limit is 1.5 mg/L. The fluoride concentration in natural waters - the source of most drinking water - is dictated by the presence of calcium ions, through the solubility product of calcium fluoride. Dependent on the local geology, the calcium ion concentration may be relatively low or high, such that either the beneficial effects of fluoride may not be realized or its injurious effects may dominate. Determination of fluoride concentration using ion selective electrodes is well-established. The question then is how to remedy high fluoride levels. Existing methods for removal of excess fluoride from drinking water and wastewater include precipitation (as Ca or Al salts), membrane technologies and adsorption. Each of these has limitations, e.g. high costs, toxic by-products and slow or complex processes. Here we explore electrochemically controlled fluoride ion extraction by electroactive polymer films. This approach has been studied for water softening (using polypyrrole [2]) and perchlorate removal (using polypyrrole composites [3] and polyaniline-based copolymers [4]). Here we explore the feasibility of using a range of polyaniline-based materials in an electrochemically switched ion exchange system for fluoride removal from water [5]. The concept is based on F- ion uptake as counter ions in the oxidation (p-doping) of the conducting polymer film. Upon oxidation, the film will “capture” F- ions from solution. After separation of the purified water, the F- ions would then be ejected into a concentrated waste stream by reduction (un-doping) of the oxidized polymer. In this presentation we compare the characteristics and performance of polyaniline, poly(o-aminophenol) and poly(o-toluidine) homopolymer films with each other and with those of their copolymers of various composition. Film deposition is controlled electrochemically and monitored nanogravimetrically using the EQCM. Acoustic impedance enables distinction between gravimetric and viscoelastic interpretation of the response [8]. The extent of redox-driven fluoride uptake is then determined upon exposure to solutions of varying fluoride (and in some cases chloride) concentration. Correlation of EQCM-derived film mass and charge responses is used to assay fluoride and solvent uptake during film oxidation and reduction. Comparison with the total redox site population (from the response in fluoride-free media) yields the efficiency. Observations for these aniline-based homopolymers and copolymers reveal behavior that is quite different to that seen for typical small anionic dopants, such as chloride, nitrate and perchlorate. Further, there are surprisingly diverse responses to fluoride for these relatively similar polymeric materials, notably the extent of film solvation change during fluoride uptake. Use of different electrochemical control functions and timescales reveals differences in fluoride ion uptake and release rates. The relevance of these data to defluoridation will be discussed. References [1] https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6 [2] C. Weidlich, K. Mangold, K. Jüttner, Electrochim. Acta 50 (2005) 1547-1552. [3] S. Zhang, Y. Shao, J. Liu, I. A. Aksay, Y. Lin, ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 3 (2011) 3633-3637. [4] Y. Zhang, S. Mu, B. Deng, J. Zheng, J. Electroanal. Chem. 641 (2010) 1-6. [5] H. Cui, Y. Qian, H. An, C. Sun, J. Zhai, Q. Li, Water Res. 46 (2012) 3943-3950. [6] A. Unal, A.R. Hillman, K.S. Ryder, S. Cihangir, J. Electrochem. Soc. 168 (2021) 022502. [7] A. Unal, A.R. Hillman, K.S. Ryder, S. Cihangir, J. Electroanal. Chem. 895 (2021) 115519. [8] A.R. Hillman, M.A. Mohamoud, I. Efimov, Anal. Chem. 83 (2011) 5696.
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Curran, A. M., J. Crawford, and E. Darrah. "OP0325 EFFECT OF CITRULLINATION ON THE PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AUTOANTIGENS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 200.1–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1638.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Citrullinated proteins are hallmark targets of the autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA),1but the mechanism by which immune tolerance is broken to these self-proteins is poorly understood. CD4+T cells are implicated as important drivers of the autoimmune response due to the high-affinity, class-switched nature of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) present in the majority of RA patients and the prominent genetic contribution of certain HLA-DR alleles to RA susceptibility.2,3However, the precise effect of citrullination on MHC class II antigen processing and presentation of autoantigens to CD4+T cells remains unknown.Objectives:Here we aimed to examine the hypothesis that citrullination impacts the processing and presentation of RA autoantigens via destabilization of protein folding and modification of protease cleavage sites, altering the peptide repertoire presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs).Methods:Using fibrinogen as a model RA autoantigen, the native and citrullinated forms were digestedin vitroby a cocktail of lysosomal cathepsins (cathepsins B, S, and H) for proteolytic mapping, or incubated with monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs) in a natural antigen processing assay (NAPA). Peptides generated by digestion with the cathepsin cocktail or presented by HLA-DR molecules on mo-DCs were then isolated and identified by mass spectrometry.Results:We found that the repertoire of peptides generated by each method was altered by citrullination. By proteolytic mapping, we detected both changes in the pattern of cathepsin cleavage and an increased number of peptides in the citrullinated samples. Utilizing NAPA, we observed the creation of newly presented peptides in the citrullinated samples in some cases, and loss of presented peptides in others (Fig. 1). Strikingly, all peptides whose presentation was destroyed by citrullination contained a citrullination site. Together these results suggest that both protease cleavage and selection of peptides by HLA-DR are impacted by citrullination.Conclusion:Citrullination alters the peptide repertoire presented by APCs. Interestingly, no citrullinated peptides were identified by NAPA, suggesting that presentation of citrulline-containing peptides to T cells may not be the primary mechanism by which tolerance is broken to citrullinated antigens. Rather, citrullination-induced destabilization of protein folding and modification of protease cleavage sites, leading to the generation of a new peptide repertoire, could play a role in activating autoreactive T cells. This mechanism could thus drive the loss of immune tolerance to the citrullinated forms of RA autoantigens.References:[1]Schellekens, G. A., Jong, B. A. de, van den Hoogen, F. H., van de Putte, L. B. & Venrooij, W. J. van. Citrulline is an essential constituent of antigenic determinants recognized by rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantibodies.The Journal of Clinical Investigation101, 273–281 (1998).[2]Scherer, H. U., Huizinga, T. W. J., Krönke, G., Schett, G. & Toes, R. E. M. The B cell response to citrullinated antigens in the development of rheumatoid arthritis.Nature Reviews Rheumatology14, 157–169 (2018).[3]Gregersen, P. K., Silver, J. & Winchester, R. J. The shared epitope hypothesis. an approach to understanding the molecular genetics of susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis & Rheumatism30, 1205–1213 (1987).Acknowledgments:Rheumatology Research Foundation and the JHU SOM Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics CoreDisclosure of Interests:Ashley M. Curran: None declared, Jonathan Crawford: None declared, Erika Darrah Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Celgene, and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Consultant of: Padlock Therapeutics and Celgene