Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Préservation bois'
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Koumbi, Mounanga Thierry. "Tensioactifs antioxydants originaux pour la formulation de produits de préservation du bois." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10084/document.
Full textThe presented work concerns the synthesis and characterization of amphipilic antioxidant compounds for the formulation of wood preservatives allowing the preparation of waterborne formulations to reduce rejections of VOCs answering to increasing environmental pressures. Based on preliminary studies showing synergistical effects between fungicides and antioxidants, the aim of this study was to design compounds possessing surfactant and antioxidant properties allowing the formulation in water of insoluble organic fungicides and to reduce the necessary quantity of biocide due to synergistical effects with antioxidant properties. Three families of amphiphilic compounds were synthesized. The first one corresponds to hindered phenol derivatives, the second to hindered amine and the third one to quats “with green label” derived from ascorbic acid. Surfactant and antioxidant properties of all new synthesized compounds have been characterized. The use of aqueous formulations of propiconazole prepared from these new surface active agents allows to increase beech wood durability exposed to the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor. Fungal growth inhibition tests realized on malt agar medium with various alkylammonium ascorbates presenting different alkyl chain’s lengths indicated an important growth inhibition of the mycelium for some of the tested products correlated at their amphiphilic properties
Sanya, Emile Adjibade. "Analyse du traitement hydro-amido-thermique de bois gorgé d'eau : application à la restauration-préservation du bois archéologique." La Rochelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LAROS057.
Full textSemmak-Merlin, Latifa. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux produits de préservation du bois en série ammonium." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10434.
Full textSoulounganga, Patrice. "Etude de nouveaux traitements de protection du bois à base de polyglycérols." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10032.
Full textWood is an heterogeneous material composed of tissue of vegetable origin. It is constituted of lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses. Anisotropic and hygroscopic, it is sensitive to biotic and abiotic attacks, and requires the use of chemical treatments to be stabilized and preserved. However, the toxicity of certain products currently used, associated to the environmental constraints on greenhouse gases, justifies the search for new alternatives for wood preservation. Thus, the work undertaken during this research concerns the use of polyglycerol derivatives as wood dimensional stabilizing agents. Former studies have showed that polyglycerols (PG), soluble in water, increase wood dimensional stability, but are easily leached. To solve this problem, several solutions were developed. The first solution consists in the use of fatty esters of PG with low solubility in water. The results obtained depend on the solvent chosen for impregnation. Treatments in the form of microemulsion lead to better results of dimensional stabilization compared to treatments in organic phase. Moreover the hydrophobic character conferred to wood limits the virulence of rot fungi. A second approach consists in the use of polyglycerol methacrylate, easily obtained from polyglycerol and glycidol methacrylate. Water-borne treatment of wood leads, after drying, to the formation of a polymer insoluble in water able to improve dimensional stability of wood but also its resistance to the basidiomycetes. A microscopic study has allowed the localisation of the product in the wood cells wall, explaining the good dimensional stability observed. Lastly, the third approach considered relates to the formation of a polymeric network in wood obtained from PG, glyoxal and boric acid. Such a combination allows to stabilize wood dimensionally , to limit the depletion of boron compared to boric acid used alone and protect wood against fungi
Lyon, Florent. "Amélioration de la durée de vie d'essences de bois peu durables à l'aide d'un traitement combiné borates/huiles végétales." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20105.
Full textLhumeau, Fanny. "Développement d’un traitement de préservation pour la protection du bois en usage extérieur." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH8512.
Full textWhen wood is used outdoors with repeated or continuous exposures to moisture, degradation by biotic factors is high. Consequently, resorting to systems of protection is essential to ensure an optimal service life. However, some of the traditional wood preservatives, used for decades for wood protection and regarded as the most effective, are currently subjected to severe restrictions in Europe because of their toxicity. The FUI TIMBIRDE project aimed to develop formulations allowing the grafting of non-biocidal polymers on the natural components of wood to limit water uptake and enhance dimensional stability. The grafting of compounds on wood will limit their potential release into the environment and reduce the wood porosity by filling the wood matrix with polymers. In a first step, identification and optimization of grafting functions was performed on cellulose as model compound of wood. Then, hydrophobic polymers were functionalized with these specific functions in order to graft polymers on wood. In this study, wood specimens were treated with selected formulations by vacuum/pressure impregnation in lab autoclave. Thus, a reduction up to 50% of water uptake was observed for wood treated with polymer latex compared to untreated wood
Anouf, Fouad. "Étude de l'efficacité de nouveaux sels d'ammonium quaternaire pour la préservation du bois." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10192.
Full textBelalia, Rachid. "Synthèse d'un biocide par modification chimique de chitosanePréservation du bois , préservation des aliments." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13142.
Full textMiazimbakana, Joseph. "Préservation du bois par modification chimique de sa structure : synthèse et étude de réactivité de nouveaux précurseurs de méthylène quinones." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10014.
Full textSundaryono, Agus. "Synthèse et étude d'analogues de curcumine : complexation de métaux de transition : essais de photoprotection du bois." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12426.
Full textPignolet, Olivier. "Optimisation de la durabilité de bois d'oeuvre (classe d'emploi 4) à l'aide d'anhydrides alkényles succiniques d'origine végétale." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7207/1/pignolet.pdf.
Full textAllery, Jean-Pascal. "Les pesticides employés pour le traitement du bois : utilisation et risques toxiques." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23017.
Full textHaloui, Abdallah. "Libération dans l'eau des produits chimiques utilisés pour la préservation du bois : modélisation et expérimentation." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET4017.
Full textSurini, Thibaud. "Analyse dynamique de la biodégradation du bois et des composites à base de bois et fibres végétales." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13848/document.
Full textWood biodegradation is studied in order to understand and quantify the mechanical damage. Wood, and especially maritime pine, is sensitive to a fungal attack that causes a decrease of its strength (compression or fracture resistance), before a weight loss occurs. This requires developing or ameliorating the tools of early detection, such as NMR relaxometry, in order to detect the appearance of a pathogen in wooden structures that are more and more appreciated. Besides, wooden composites are a good alternative to make the material more durable, and are ecologically interesting, as they permit to recycle some element, like plastics. This “green” effect is of main importance, which implies a development of new ways in wood preservation. This thesis, led in a short as well as in a long term scale, also studies the behaviour of wood, impregnated with anhydrides or oils from a vegetal origin, or even heat-treated wood. Not only mechanics is described, so that many phenomena are explained and perspectives are clarified
Quirino, Waldir Ferreira. "Valorisation énergétique de déchets de bois par pyrolyse étagée." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10220.
Full textVardanyan, Vahe. "Revêtements UV-aqueux pour le bois renforcés par la Cellulose Nano-Cristalline." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25903.
Full textThis thesis is aimed to increase the performance of UV - waterborne coatings for wood, using the forest resources. For this purpose, we believe replacing nanoparticles studied previously by the cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a Canadian and Quebec product from the forest. There are several instances in the literature of nanocellulose-thermoplastic composites, but there are few studies on coatings reinforced by CNC. One of the key aspects in the technology of nanocomposites remains the dispersion of the nanoparticles within the matrix. To quantify the dispersion, efficient methods of characterization are needed. In this thesis two new characterization methods based on atomic force microscopy and back scattering of laser light (He-Ne 632.8 nm) are applied to characterize such nanocomposite coatings. A strong correlation between surface nano-roughness of coatings and angular distribution of backscattered laser light was found. The overall objective of the research is to develop nanoparticles reinforced UV-water-based coatings for wood applications, and to study the effect mainly on wear properties of the final composite coatings. CNC were mixed to the coating formulation in order to improve the mechanical properties of the coatings. The coating formulations were sprayed on sugar maple boards, which were then placed in an oven to evaporate the water to finally be UV-cured. CNC was modified by either alkyl quaternary ammonium bromides or acryloyl chloride. The mechanical properties (abrasion and scratch resistances, hardness and adhesion) were analyzed and compared to the reference varnish without nanoparticles. The modified CNC addition in UV-water-based coatings results in a ca 30 - 40% increase in wear resistance (abrasion and scratch), without any loss of appearance. These coatings on wood substrate, with and without added CNC, were submitted to accelerated weathering during 1200 h. The results show that the addition of CNC to coatings not only increases mechanical properties but also increases color stability of coated wood.
Salman, Solafa. "Développement de nouvelles méthodes de préservation du bois basées sur l'utilisation combinée d'un traitement thermique et de borax." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0005/document.
Full textEnvironmental pressures appeared in France and in Europe in the last decades have substantially changed the methods for wood protection. In this context the Biocidal Products Regulations and the Biocidal Products Directive lead to the development of more environmentally friendly preservation methods and the growing interest in non-biocidal alternatives such as thermal treatment or chemical modification. Wood heat treatment at temperatures of 180 to 220 °C leads to the chemical modification of wood cell wall polymers conferring new properties to the material like its increased decay resistance and high dimensional stability. Despite these improvements, the durability of wood heat treatment is not sufficient to envisage use class 3 and 4 applications; where the wood is in contact with soil or termites. Moreover, Boron compounds present fungicidal and termiticidal properties. However, boron compounds have the drawback of being very easily leached out from wood making it unusable for applications in outdoor conditions. Wood chemical modification carried by the impregnation of aqueous solutions (10 %) of maleic anhydride polyglycerol adduct or polyglycerol methacrylates or phenol-formaldehyde resin, with or without borax followed by heat treatment at 220°C has shown some improvement of thermally modified wood properties particularly its resistance to termites in case of leach or not
Mourant, Daniel. "Développement d'une matrice résinique à base d'huile pyrolytique pour la protection du bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24828/24828.pdf.
Full textVlad-Cristea, Mirela Simona. "Revêtements nanocomposites anti-UV pour le bois à usage extérieur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28367/28367.pdf.
Full textThe forest products designated to architectural or exterior decorative applications are often disadvantaged by their limited durability and appearance preservation. High performance exterior wood coatings demand, green technologies and the VOCs environmental legislations push industry to develop waterborne formulations that pose equivalent or superior performance as the solventborne ones. Consequently, the main objective of this project is to improve the exterior wood durability by using waterborne nanocomposite coatings that contain nanosized inorganic UV absorbers. Surface modified ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles against photocatalytic choose to disperse under powder and water-based dispersions into a commercial waterborne acrylic stain formulation for deck from Sico Ltd. Montreal – Akzo Nobel, Canada. The durability of nanocomposite coatings supported by black spruce wood was studied by artificial aging. Nanocomposites coatings degradation was followed by appearance (gloss and color measurements), thickness, glass transition temperature (Tg) and mechanical properties (adhesion, abrasion, hardness and elastic modulus) changes. Photo-oxidation products growth on the degraded surface of aged wood coatings was monitorized by Fourier Transform - Infrared Spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy was used to visualise the aged coatings degraded surface in order to establish their mechanism of degradation under artificial exposure. The nanoparticles dispersion quality in the dry nanocomposites films and also films adherence on the wood substrate were verified by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) and water vapour permeability were employed for a better characterization of the new nanocomposite coatings. In conclusion, an efficient UV protection is directly connected with an homogeneous dispersion of the nanoparticles in nanocomposite coating. Dispersant compatibility that was used to predisperse the nanoparticles and modification type of nanoparticles are crucial in preventing nanoparticles agglomeration in the dry coating. Finally, a series of high performance nanocomposites coatings was selected. The obtained results confirm the advantage of using inorganic nanosized UV absorbers in exterior coatings and consequently various possibilities of nanotechnologies applications are open into reformulating waterborne coating for wood.
Ronze, Didier. "Caractérisation de l'écoulement d'un liquide inerte ou interactif au sein d'échantillons de pin sylvestre et d'épicea en vue de leur préservation." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI210.
Full textBécaert, Valérie. "Production et caractérisation d'un consortium microbien pour le traitement de sol contaminé aux produits de préservation du bois." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0021/MQ57392.pdf.
Full textDuret, Xavier. "Liquéfaction d'écorces en vue de leur valorisation pour le développemnt de nouveaux produits de traitement du bois." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0032/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the use of liquefaction products of spruce bark in phenol for the wood preservation. The liquefaction products allow the synthesis of phenolic thermosetting resins. The formulated resins were impregnated into the wood followed by in situ polymerization. A pretreatment was developed in order to increase the phenolic compounds in the spruce bark. This step is an acid hydrolysis of polysaccharides. This pretreatment allowed obtaining a Klason lignin content of 60 %, and a cellulose content of 28 %. A liquefaction process was developed in a mixture of solvent composed of phenol, ethanol, and water. The optimized experimental conditions allowed obtaining a liquefaction yield superior to 85 %, with liqui?ed bark/phenol ratio superior to 50 %. The lique?ed products had the advantage to polymerize without formaldehyde. The resins enhanced the wood durability especially for the phenol/formaldehyde resins. The leaching was low. The wood impregnation allowed a wood swelling, thereby the impregnated wood had a better dimensional stability
Aloui, Foued. "Rôle des absorbeurs UV inorganiques sur la photostabilisation des systèmes bois-finition transparente." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00080730.
Full textFace à un matériau naturel, hétérogène et dynamique tel que le bois, les résultats d'évaluation des performances de photostabilisation sont assez variables non seulement en fonction de l'essence de bois et du type de résine utilisés mais aussi suivant le type de vieillissement. Parallèlement aux tests de vieillissement, l'effet des différents anti-UV sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques des films de finition a été étudié en mettant en oeuvre des techniques d'analyse telle que la spectroscopie UV-visible, TMA, RPE et des essais mécaniques. Il apparaît que le pouvoir photoprotecteur joue un rôle important dans les performances de photostabilisation. D'autre part, contrairement aux absorbeurs UV organiques, les inorganiques font augmenter la Tg facilitant ainsi l'apparition des craquelures du film de finition.
Essoua, Essoua Gatien Géraud. "Développement d'une stratégie de modification du bois afin de limiter les variations dimensionnelles du produit lambris dans un contexte éco-responsable." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27111.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is divided in two research tracks. The first axis regards the wood treatment. The aim of that work, was to reduce dimensional variation and to improve the resistance to fungal decay. The work of the second track presents the environmental impact of the citric acid-glycerol treatment. The purpose was to demonstrate that, enhancement of the service life expectancy of the siding product compensates the environmental impacts of this treatment. In the first axis, two treatments were considered, one with maleic anhydride and the second with citric acid and glycerol mixture. For the first treatment, the effects of two parameters, drying time and esterification temperature were analysed and different performance tests were performed. These tests were: dimensional stability, decay and accelerate aging. Three drying times (12 h, 18 h and 24 h) and three levels of esterification temperature (140 °C, 160 °C and 180 °C) were examined. For the second treatment, after identification, during the preliminary test, of the best catalyst, hydrochloric acid (HCl), the best ratio treatment was identified (3/1). Dimensional stability, decay, hardness and pull-off tests were performed. For a better understanding of the obtained results, qualitative analyses were performed. These were Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. Weight loss analysis was also performed as a quantitative analysis. In the second axis, the environment impact of citric acid and glycerol mixture treatment was evaluated by SimaPro software v8. Ecoinvent data base and Impact2002+ impact method were also used in this part of the study. Based on the results of the second treatment (citric acid and glycerol mixture) and the literature research, service life expectancy of siding wood treated was estimated. Different scenarios defined on the basis of the service life expectancy estimated. For this aim, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used as design tool. The drying time and esterification temperature parameters affect the results obtained in the case of the first treatment. Better results in terms of dimensional stability and accelerated aging, were obtained for the samples dried for 24 h and esterified at 180 °C. The citric acid and glycerol mixture treatment improves wood dimensional stability. Decay and hardness were improved compared to untreated samples. For the pull-off test, the treatment was found to reduce coating adhesion on the wood surface. The environmental impacts of the treatment process were mainly linked to the energy consumption (electricity). Citric acid and glycerol mixture treatment improves the service life expectancy of siding and the scenario of life service that presents treated lodgepole pine wood siding as more ecofriendly than the untreated one corresponds to 55 years.
Roussel-Bousta, Cécile. "Utilisation de biomolécules à activité biocide élevée comme agents de préservation du bois : application à la rosine de Tall-Oil et application aux tropolones naturelles." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10063.
Full textGadat, Fabrice. "Contribution à l'étude de la préservation des bois de hêtre et de pin : influence des fongicides classiques et nouvellement synthétisés sur les germes lignivores." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10056.
Full textKervern, Daniel. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux absorbeurs-UV hybrides : Application à la protection du bois." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2121.
Full textWood is the predilection material for house construction. Strong of its physical properties and its aesthetic aspect, its potential development is considerable. However, its constituents and mainly lignins, can react with UV radiation leading to photodegradation phenomena via complex radicalar mechanisms. These results induce surface discolorations in case of outdoor long-term irradiation (at a lower scale indoor). The dispersion of efficient UV-absorbers at wood surface appears then as a promising cure for this problem. In this prospect, common UV-absorbers (Ti02, ZnO,. . . ) turn out to be little convincing because of the white coloration they induce at the surface (diffusion phenomena due to their high refractive index). Our team has been investigating for a few years now on hybrid organic-inorganic materials, based on polyoxomolybdates and organoammonium cations, which present a large variety of compounds. Among these, some built on a 1 I oo[Mo8026]4- chain structure exhibit interesting UV-absorption properties. We thus chose to study this new class of compounds, poorly known so far, which possesses a lower refraction index thanks to their organic part. Thereby, we should expect no alteration of wood natural color. In this way, the issues of this work are the synthesis and the characterization of new hybrid UV-absorbers, and their application at the surface of wood samples towards UV behaviour tests
Chepkwony, Sarah Cherono. "Étude de la variabilité et modification chimique du Mesquitol, extractible polyphénolique de Prosopis juliflora : application à la préservation du bois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2019_0258_CHEPKWONY.pdf.
Full textEarlier work from the laboratory (LERMaB, France) helped to highlight that the heartwood of Prosopis juliflora contains significant amounts of mesquitol, a relatively rare flavonoid with antioxidant properties, otherwise identified as 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)chromane-3,7,8-triol. P. juliflora has been rated among the worst world invasive species and therefore this study aimed at finding solutions to this menace that is fast spreading into areas that are otherwise intended for useful purposes like farming or grazing. With no data existing on the exact amounts of mesquitol present in P. juliflora or its variability depending on the geographic location of the tree or the tree’s age, the study commenced by first availing this data. This was done by a substantive study on P. juliflora stem samples that had been collected from three different geographic regions in Kenya (Baringo County, Garissa County and Turkana County). Compounds identification and quantification were done one using the GC-MS and the LC-ESI-MS/MS. A systematic study on the mass spectra and the observed fragmentations illustrated a rich array of phenolic compounds present in P. juliflora. Among these compounds is a mesquitol dimer, which has been identified for the very first time here. The results also showed that mesquitol compound is the most abundant compound in P. juliflora with high amounts of 11 % being found in the heartwood of the big trees from Baringo County. The second part of the study focused on the chemical modification of mesquitol targeting specific derivatives which could enhance the lipophilicity of mesquitol hence help in decreasing leachability. Various reactions of mesquitol with various carboxylic acids were performed allowing grafting of long fatty chains (lipophilic part) onto mesquitol through the aliphatic 3-OH position. Some of these derivatives were used to evaluate their ability to protect wood against fungal attack from both a white-rot and a brown-rot fungus. From the results of this study, it is evident that mesquitol derivatives obtained from reaction with carboxylic acids can be used as wood preservatives when used together with low amounts of tebuconazole
Thévenon, Marie-France. "Développement de formulations de produits de préservation du bois de faible toxicité et à longue durée d'action : application aux associations acide borique-tanins condensés et aux associations acide borique-protéines." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0038_THEVENON.pdf.
Full textDuchez, Laurent. "Modélisation et contribution à l'industrialisation du procédé de rétification du bois." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872327.
Full textRezzoug, Sid-Ahmed. "Le bois : de sa valorisation énergétique à l'extraction de ses molécules volatiles. Mise au point d'un traitement hydrothermique en vue de la restauration et de la préservation du bois archéologique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de La Rochelle, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00414217.
Full textEfransjah, M. "Contribution à l'étude de la préservation du bois : Amélioration de l'imprégnabilité de l'épicéa (picéa SP.) par un pré-traitement bactérien et caractérisation du comportement du bois par l'utilisation des ultrasons." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10032.
Full textAuclair, Nicolas. "STABILITÉ DES COULEURS DES SYSTÈMES BOIS/VERNIS AMÉLIORÉE PAR LES REVÊTEMENTS NANOCOMPOSITES AQUEUX À USAGE EXTÉRIEUR." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27645/27645.pdf.
Full textHayani, Ali. "Étude de la préservation du bois vis-à-vis des champignons lignivores a la suite de la fixation d'un sel d'ammonium quaternaire." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10014.
Full textTondi, Gianluca. "Développement de résines de polycondensation à base de tanins pour produits industriels écologiques et innovateurs : Mousses rigides et produits de préservation bois." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10047/document.
Full textCondensed tannins are natural products which can be used to replace phenol because they have similar features and similar chemical reactivity. Several project have been started to develop this class of tannins. The most important results have been obtained with tannin based rigid foams. These foams are produced by a condensation reaction between Mimosa tannin and furfuryl alcohol. Successively tannin foams have also undergone carbonisation. Chemical and physical properties of organic and carbonised foam have been studied. Good results have also been obtained for a tannin-bore wood preservative formulation. Tannin based rigid foams are low-density and high porosity materials. The cheap raw material and 95% of natural products combine with an extremely low thermal conductivity and make this foam suitable for several applications such as insulation material, floral foam, trap for metal and shock absorber. Once the foam has undergone carbonisation the properties are strongly modified. This material is constituted mainly of reorganised aromatic structures and furanic derivatives, some of which survive after the treatment. These foams can be useful for applications such as catalyst support, activated carbons, porous electrodes and thermal shield
Obounou, Akong Firmin. "Composés amphiphiles originaux à propiétés gélifiantes : synthèse et caractérisations physico-chimiques. Application à la formulation de produits de préservation du bois hydrosolubles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0188/document.
Full textBiomaterials hydrogel or organogel obtained from low molecular weight molecules give rise to an increasing interest both in terms on the fundamental and application domain. The work outlined here, aims to synthesize amphiphilic compounds with structural changes in order to establish relationships between the structure of these compounds and their gelling properties. We were asked to synthesize compounds (bimodular and trimodular) with and without cause polyoxyethylene type junction between the peptide and the hydrophobic unit. In a second step, other gelling amphiphilic molecules were prepared by substituting the polyoxyethylene pattern derived by an entity glycerol, allowing to obtain compounds from renewable sources but also to diversify the source of raw materials. The target compounds were obtained and their behavior in solution has been studied by different techniques (tensiometry, conductivity, infrared,...). Some of them, with gelling properties, associated with boron salts have been used to preserve the wood material (Scots pine). The tests proved conclusive in terms of reducing the leaching of boron as tests with Poria placenta (mushroom) grown on an agar medium or with Reticulitermes flavipes (termite) showed that wood treated with the association "borax-hydrogel" is protected even after leaching
Nguegang, Nkeuwa William. "Mise au point des revêtements nanocomposites multicouches transparents polymérisés sous ultraviolets pour le bois à usage intérieur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30414/30414.pdf.
Full textThis research consists in two sections. The main objective of the first section was to improve barrier and mechanical properties of topcoats for wood furniture; while for the second section, the main objective was to increase the adhesion of multilayer coatings on wood surfaces. In the first section, free standing UV-cured coatings were prepared by using three different types of commercial organoclays. These nanoparticles were dispersed (1 and 3 wt % into the formulation) into a commercial epoxy acrylate oligomer. The morphology of these nanocomposites was studied by X-ray diffraction and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The barrier property (WVTR: water vapor transmission rate), optical clarity and mechanical tests of these nanocomposites were also assessed. In the second section, surfaces of yellow birch wood (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) were protected with six different types of multilayer coatings (MCs). Prepared primer and topcoat UV-curable formulations constituting these MCs contained, respectively nanosilica (NS: 0 and 0.5 wt %) and nanoclay (NC: 0, 1 and 3 wt %). The morphology of the cross-section of coated wood samples was studied by means of both scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM analysis respectively). The adhesion strength of these MCs on wood surfaces was assessed as a function of relative humidity (RH). TEM images reveal that C30B was not found to be dispersible into the acrylate matrix; while both UV-cured nanocomposites containing C10A and C15A respectively seemed to have an intercalated morphology. All the organoclays used in this study have had an effect on both WVTR and optical clarity. Among the three different types of organoclays, C10A appears to be the ideal reinforcing agent for practical application (bathrooms) and was used for topcoat constituting MCs on wood surfaces. The adhesion strength of coated wood samples conditioned at 80% RH was higher than that obtained on those conditioned at 40% RH. Multilayer coating 5 (0.5% NS–1% NC) appears to be the ideal protection system.
Malek, Hassan. "Essais de modification de la structure chimique de matériaux lignocellulosiques naturel : étude des interactions sels d'ammonium-bois." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10030.
Full textDamay, Jérémie. "Développement de nouveaux traitements du bois basés sur le procédé d'imprégnation axiale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0178/document.
Full textThe evolution of laws on the use of biocide products makes it necessary to explore innovative methods of treating wood. In this context, the presented research focuses on a new alternative called a "non-biocide" treatment method involving the manufacture of solid wood-polymer composites obtained by impregnation of monomers and in situ polymerization caused by heating. Methyl methacrylate, four organic acrylates and three water-soluble acrylates, and furfuryl alcohol were tested. Composites manufactured were characterized: the polymer is present in the timber and may be resistant to leaching in water. Wood has been densified, while the composites are less hydrophilic and more dimensionally stable; the mechanical properties are improved. Treatment can induce high durability. Otherwise, an innovative method of impregnation was tested: axial impregnation. This process consists in the low-pressure impregnation of green wood ridges by treatment solution transiting via natural pathways of sap circulation. Ridges were impregnated with a copper solution, later determined to ensure good distribution of the product in the timber; this allowed the validation of the axial impregnation method for beech, hornbeam and birch. Finally, the composites were produced by axial impregnation of polymerizable aqueous solutions based on furfuryl alcohol; they are resistant to water leaching and less hydrophilic than the original wood. Their durability in the presence of wood-destroying fungi is improved, particularly in the case of the more concentrated treatment
Malassenet, Lise. "De l’étude des paramètres physico-mécaniques des revêtements vers le développement de finitions performantes sur bois en extérieur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0204.
Full textWood used outdoors is subject to aesthetic damages and to dimensional variations due to alternation of dry and wet periods. Therefore, a protection with a coating is recommended. Coatings need to be soft enough to follow variations of wood and at the same time hard enough to be able to withstand possible damages (impact). Hence, mechanical properties of coatings play a major role in their service life. However in Europe, coating performances are mainly assessed through weathering tests followed by visual assessments, color and gloss measurements and adherence tests. The aim of this work is to develop a thorough methodology to assess coating performances in order to better understand the resistance of coatings to weathering. The final objective of this project is an industrial development of innovating wood coatings for outdoors with good performances to weathering during their service life. Through our study, performances of commercial coating were assessed using conventional standardized tests from the EN 927 series but also with other methods in order to gain an extensive understanding of their physic-mechanical properties. Hence, damping and indentation tests on coated wood were investigated as well as tensile tests on free films. Persoz pendulum was particularly used as a tool to approach easily and quickly mechanical properties of coatings. This work established a link between damping test results and coating performances exposed to artificial and natural weathering. Tensile tests on free films have supported these results as a good correlation between damping hardness and some mechanical properties was found. Last but not least, the analysis of damping hardness variations versus weathering time has lead to a better understanding in the development of damages and to the establishment of performance specifications. These results allowed us to select and formulate new UV-curing formulations for outdoors. They are made of a mixture of monomers and oligomers combined with photoinitiators. At this stage, the methodology developed to assess performances has allowed the selection of the best constituents to ensure good performances to weathering
Iaych, Kamal. "Développement de nouveaux produits de traitement du bois basés sur l'utilisation de polycarbonates cycliques dérivés du glycérol." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10032/document.
Full textThe studies conducted during this thesis focuses on the development of various wood treatments based on the use of cyclic carbonates derived from glycerol, renewable source of raw materials in order to develop new methods of chemical modification of wood materials. The work proceeded in two stages: the first part of this work was to directly use the glycerol carbonate to develop treatments in the aqueous phase followed, after impregnating the wood product, a polymerization reaction for fixing the last to avoid leaching. The results have proved difficult to apply because of the reaction conditions too harsh, inconsistent with the thermal stability of wood. The second part related to the formation of polyurethanes in the wood without resorting to the use of isocyanates using condensation reactions of amines on cyclic di or polycarbonates. Various ways have been explored for the development of cyclic di or polycarbonate involving either the use of glycerol carbonate in a suitable junction module, or the action of dimethyl carbonate of polyglycerol. The formation of polyurethanes has been studied in a homogeneous phase and then applied to the treatment of wood. The results indicate, for the treatments performed, an increase of dimensional stability and resistance to wood brown rot fungus Poria placenta
Bédounguindzi, Walter Fiacre. "Caractérisation chimique et application à la préservation du bois des oléorésines d’Aucoumea klaineana (Okoumé), Canarium schweinfurthii (Aiélé), Dacryodes buettneri (Ozigo) et Dacryodes edulis (Safoutier) du Gabon." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0070.
Full textThis work evaluates the contribution of the three fractions (RR, PR and EO) of Ak, Cs, Db and De from Gabon to preservation. For that purpose, a chemical analysis by GC/MS of the three fractions was first made, then the study of their antifungal and antitermite activities, and finally the study of their effects in the protection of wood blocks following the attacks of the degradation agents. The results of the chemical analyses show that the HE are made up of monoterpenes and monoterpenoids, whereas the RB and RP are made up of a mixture of monoterpenes, monoterpenoids and triterpenes. Bioassays of the latter against PP, CP, CV and PS show low antifungal activity, but show high antitermite activity. These fractions improve the durability of the wood against fungi by 20%, and a good resistance of the wood blocks against termites. The latter, associated with Tebuconazole, increase the resistance of wood against wood degradation agents. Their leachable characteristics are clearly highlighted
Neya, Béli. "Valorisation de la biomasse du Burkina faso : faisabilité de panneaux de particules à base de déchets agricoles et recherche de nouveaux biocides pour la préservation du bois à partir d'essences naturellement durables." Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0253_NEYA.pdf.
Full textThe first part of work concerns the manufacture of particle boards with sugarcane bagasse or rice husk using various resins among which Melamine-Urea-formaldehyde resins (MUF), Phenol-Formaldehyde resins (PF), polyisocyanates resins (PMDI) and finally of mixtures of PMDI/PF resins. The results obtained show that utilization of PMDI resins gives the best results (good mechanical properties and good water resistance), while PF resins lead to slightly lower results. Mixtures PMDI/PF don't give the awaited results, particle boards obtained having properties similars to those obtained with PF resins. MUF resins lead to the less satisfactory results. The second part of the work, concerns the study of reasons of the natural durability of Burkea africana, Prosopis africana and Pterocarpus erinaceus woods in order to identify new biocides for wood preservation. The separation of the extracts matters contained in the different woods and the study of their fungicidal properties indicates the biocidal properties of some of the compounds contained in the extracts. The study of wood durability undergone with or without preliminary extractions shows that the presence of biocidal compounds in the extracts does not allow to explain the resistance of studied wood to fungi and termites attack. The hydrophobic character of wood as its strong dimensional stability would be also a significant factor of its resistance. The analysis of the products in the etheral extracts indicates the presence of greases, waxes and squalene which can be at the base of the preceding results
Lecoq, Elodie. "Traitement préventif antifongique du pin maritime par post-décharge DBD à la pression atmosphérique et étude de l'action directe des post-déchargess sur les champignons de bleuissement du bois." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465403.
Full textMubarok, Mahdi. "Valorization of beech wood through development of innovative and environmentally friendly chemical modification treatments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0141.
Full textIn this study, improvement of physical and biological durability properties of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) has been performed through different bulking impregnation treatments. The first modification was based on the impregnation of vinylic derivatives of glycerol or polyglycerol as additive followed with different thermal modification conditions in the opened system (OHT) or in the closed system (HPS). The second modification was based on the in-situ polyesterification of sorbitol and citric acid at different concentrations and curing temperatures in the opened system. Various physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological durability properties of the modified woods were evaluated, including certain properties during modification. The results have disclosed that certain treatments can improve significantly physical and biological durability properties of wood against decay (white rot, brown rot, and soft rot fungi) and termites attacks in comparison to untreated wood or thermally modified woods
Ait, Rabai Youssef. "Etude de la libération du pentachlorophénol (PCP) dans l'eau par du bois spécialement traité avec une faible quantité de PCP : effet des cycles condensation-évaporation de l'eau." Saint-Etienne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STET4005.
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