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Journal articles on the topic 'Preserved organisms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kenchington, Charlotte G., and Philip R. Wilby. "Of Time and Taphonomy: Preservation in the Ediacaran." Paleontological Society Papers 20 (October 2014): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600002825.

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The late Neoproterozoic witnessed a revolution in the history of life: the transition from a microbial world to the one known today. The enigmatic organisms of the Ediacaran hold the key to understanding the early evolution of metazoans and their ecology, and thus the basis of Phanerozoic life. Crucial to interpreting the information they divulge is a thorough understanding of their taphonomy: what is preserved, how it is preserved, and also what is not preserved. Fortunately, this Period is also recognized for its abundance of soft-tissue preservation, which is viewed through a wide variety o

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2

McKinney, Frank K. "Taphonomic Effects and Preserved Overgrowth Relationships among Encrusting Marine Organisms." PALAIOS 10, no. 3 (1995): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3515258.

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3

Garcia, Lynne S., and Robyn Y. Shimizu. "Evaluation of Intestinal Protozoan Morphology in Human Fecal Specimens Preserved in EcoFix: Comparison of Wheatley’s Trichrome Stain and EcoStain." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 7 (1998): 1974–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.7.1974-1976.1998.

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As a result of disposal problems related to the use of mercury compounds, many laboratories have switched from mercuric chloride-based Schaudinn’s and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stool preservatives to other, non-mercury-based preservatives. A comparison of organism recoveries and morphologies of the intestinal protozoa was undertaken with PVA containing the EcoFix zinc-based Schaudinn’s preservative (Meridian Diagnostics, Inc.); both Wheatley’s modification of Gomori’s trichrome stain (WT) and EcoStain (ES) were used to stain 51 human fecal specimens. Morphology, clarity of nuclear and cytoplasmi

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Key, Marcus M., Gregory A. Schumacher, Loren E. Babcock, et al. "Paleoecology of commensal epizoans fouling Flexicalymene (Trilobita) from the Upper Ordovician, Cincinnati Arch region, USA." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 6 (2010): 1121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/10-018.1.

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Commensal epizoozoans and episkeletozoans are rarely preserved attached to the external exoskeleton of the Late Ordovician trilobite Flexicalymene. Of nearly 15,000 Flexicalymene specimens examined, 0.1% show epizoozoans or episkeletozoans. Factors limiting Flexicalymene fouling include a shallow burrowing life style, frequent molting of the host, larval preference for other substrates, observational bias caused by overlooking small fouling organisms, and the loss of the non-calcified, outermost cuticle prior to fossilization or as the trilobite weathers from the encasing sediment. Trepostome

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Wilson, Mark A., and Timothy J. Palmer. "A Review of Evolutionary Trends in Carbonate Hardground Communities." Paleontological Society Special Publications 5 (1990): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200005475.

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Ancient and modern marine carbonate hardgrounds offer unusual opportunities to study the evolution of communities from the Early Cambrian into the Holocene. Throughout this time the general physical conditions of a hardground community have been similar. The substrate is hard so sessile organisms must either attach to its surface, nestle in cavities, or bore into it for occupation. These organisms are thus preserved in situ. Since space is often the limiting physical resource, organisms must have ways of obtaining and defending it, and these competitive hierarchies are often preserved in the s

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Poinar, George. "Associations between Fossil Beetles and Other Organisms." Geosciences 9, no. 4 (2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9040184.

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The present work reveals plant and animal associates of 16 families and subfamilies of fossil beetles that have been preserved in amber from Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Myanmar. The associates include mites, pseudoscorpions, spiders, insect parasites and predators, fungi, angiosperm parts, vertebrates, and nematodes. The presence of these fossil associates can be attributed to the rapid preservation of organisms in resin, thus maintaining natural associations almost “in situ”. Examples of present-day associations similar to those of the fossils show that specific behavioral patterns ar

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Xiao, Shuhai, Zhe Chen, Ke Pang, Chuanming Zhou, and Xunlai Yuan. "The Shibantan Lagerstätte: insights into the Proterozoic–Phanerozoic transition." Journal of the Geological Society 178, no. 1 (2020): jgs2020–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-135.

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The Shibantan Lagerstätte (551–543 Ma) in the Yangtse Gorges area in South China is one of the best-known examples of terminal Ediacaran fossil assemblages preserved in marine carbonate rocks. Taxonomically dominated by benthic organisms, the Shibantan Lagerstätte preserves various photoautotrophs, biomineralizing tubular fossils, Ediacara-type macrofossils (including rangeomorphs, arboreomorphs, erniettomorphs, palaeopascichnids, a possible dickinsoniomorph, the mobile bilaterian Yilingia and soft-bodied tubular fossils), abundant ichnofossils and a number of problematic and dubious fossils.

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8

Knoll, A. H., E. J. Javaux, D. Hewitt, and P. Cohen. "Eukaryotic organisms in Proterozoic oceans." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1470 (2006): 1023–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1843.

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The geological record of protists begins well before the Ediacaran and Cambrian diversification of animals, but the antiquity of that history, its reliability as a chronicle of evolution and the causal inferences that can be drawn from it remain subjects of debate. Well-preserved protists are known from a relatively small number of Proterozoic formations, but taphonomic considerations suggest that they capture at least broad aspects of early eukaryotic evolution. A modest diversity of problematic, possibly stem group protists occurs in ca 1800–1300 Myr old rocks. 1300–720 Myr fossils document

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Bromley, R. G., and A. A. Ekdale. "Composite ichnofabrics and tiering of burrows." Geological Magazine 123, no. 1 (1986): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800026534.

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AbstractInfaunal communities in marine environments typically are tiered; that is, different taxa live at different depths within the sediment. Tiered suites of biogenic structures yield complex biogenic sedimentary fabrics (ichnofabrics), with the traces of deep-burrowing organisms overprinted on those of shallow-burrowing organisms. Careful analysis of crosscutting relationships of burrows in such composite ichnofabrics allows reconstruction of the tiered nature of fossil endobenthic communities. It is important to recognize that the best preserved and most prominently displayed trace fossil

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10

Wendruff, Andrew J., Loren E. Babcock, Joanne Kluessendorf, and Donald G. Mikulic. "Paleobiology and taphonomy of exceptionally preserved organisms from the Waukesha Biota (Silurian), Wisconsin, USA." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 546 (May 2020): 109631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109631.

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11

Morard, Raphaël, Franck Lejzerowicz, Kate F. Darling, et al. "Planktonic foraminifera-derived environmental DNA extracted from abyssal sediments preserves patterns of plankton macroecology." Biogeosciences 14, no. 11 (2017): 2741–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2741-2017.

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Abstract. Deep-sea sediments constitute a unique archive of ocean change, fueled by a permanent rain of mineral and organic remains from the surface ocean. Until now, paleo-ecological analyses of this archive have been mostly based on information from taxa leaving fossils. In theory, environmental DNA (eDNA) in the sediment has the potential to provide information on non-fossilized taxa, allowing more comprehensive interpretations of the fossil record. Yet, the process controlling the transport and deposition of eDNA onto the sediment and the extent to which it preserves the features of past o

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12

Briggs, Derek E. G., and Amanda J. Kear. "Decay and preservation of polychaetes: taphonomic thresholds in soft-bodied organisms." Paleobiology 19, no. 1 (1993): 107–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300012343.

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A series of experiments was carried out to investigate the nature and controls (oxygen, microbial populations, agitation) on the degradation of soft tissues. Decay was monitored in terms of morphological change, weight loss, and change in chemical composition in the polychaete Nereis virens. Polychaetes include a range of tissue types of differing chemical composition and preservation potential: muscle, cuticle, setae, and jaws. Regardless of conditions, all the muscle had broken down and fluid loss through the ruptured cuticle had reduced the carcass to two dimensions within 8 days at 20°C. I

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13

Palinska, Katarzyna A., Christian F. Thomasius, Jürgen Marquardt, and Stjepko Golubic. "Phylogenetic evaluation of cyanobacteria preserved as historic herbarium exsiccata." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 10 (2006): 2253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64417-0.

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Dried herbarium specimens of cyanobacteria (exsiccata) deposited over 100 years ago were analysed and characterized using combined morphological and molecular approaches. Six representative coccoid and filamentous cyanobacteria from two historic collections and a 15-year-old air-dried environmental sample were studied. Morphological features observed by light and electron microscopy were correlated with the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Historic identifications achieved by means of classical morphology could thus be confirmed by extracted, amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA gene fragments

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Ausich, William I., Mark A. Wilson, and Oive Tinn. "Kalana Lagerstätte crinoids: Early Silurian (Llandovery) of central Estonia." Journal of Paleontology 94, no. 1 (2019): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2019.27.

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AbstractThe Kalana Lagerstätte of early Aeronian (Llandovery, Silurian) age in central Estonia preserves a diverse shallow marine biota dominated by non-calcified algae. This soft-tissue flora and decalcified and calcified crinoids are preserved in situ, in a lens of microlaminated, dolomitized micrite interbedded in a sequence of dolomitized packstones and wackestones. Although the Lagerstätte is dominated by non-calcified algae, crinoids (together with brachiopods and gastropods) are among the most common organisms that were originally comprised of a carbonate skeleton. Two new crinoids are

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15

Boyd, P., S. Eaton, and J. Magee. "The stability of micro-organisms preserved in LENTICULE discs, demonstrated by repeat sample distributions of the EQUAL Scheme for Indicator Organisms (water microbiology)." Journal of Applied Microbiology 100, no. 2 (2006): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02774.x.

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16

Stanley, George D., and Thomas E. Yancey. "A new late Paleozoic chondrophorine (Hydrozoa, Velellidae) by-the-wind sailor from Malaysia." Journal of Paleontology 60, no. 1 (1986): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000021533.

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A new medusoid hydrozoan,Plectodiscus malayitesn. sp., belonging to the Family Velellidae is described from Carboniferous rocks of the Malay Peninsula. They are preserved as flattened internal float structures or pneumatophores and are the first examples from this part of the world. In contrast to other occurrences, the great abundance of these sailed organisms suggests that, like extant species ofVelella, these organisms were an important component of the pelagic fauna and were at least locally abundant in open seas of the late Paleozoic.

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17

Vyse, Ernest. "Comparison of Mitochodrial DNA in Wolves and Coyotes in the Northern Rockies using the Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 14 (January 1, 1990): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1990.2937.

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Conservation of biological species, often involves the introduction of organisms from one population to a site in which a population has gone locally extinct. The genetic constitution of the introduced organisms is of immediate concern both in terms of restoring the original population as nearly as possible and to maintain genetic diversity of the introduced organisms. Molecular techniques using protein or isozyme variation and DNA Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), have been used to estimate genetic variation. These techniques are not sensitive enough to make comparisons using

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18

Kaputkina, Lyudmila M., Vera Prokoshkina, and A. G. Svyazhin. "New Corrosion-Resistant Bactericidal Nitrogen-Containing Steels with Increased Strength." Advances in Science and Technology 76 (October 2010): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.76.72.

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The new high-strength stainless steels alloyed by copper and nitrogen and possessing high resistance to corrosion by active micro-organisms in carbon-oxidizing, heterotrophic and sulfate-regenerating bacteria mediums are developed. The introducing of small addition of nitrogen (about 0.22 %) to the corrosion resistant steel С0.5Cr15Ni5Cu2NMoNbTi results in a decrease of adhesive micro-organisms quantity on a sample surface by 8 times, while increasing of nickel content to 9 % results in their decrease only by 2 times. It is supposed that the effect of nitrogen can be related to formation of bi

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19

Reamer, Richard, B. R. Dey, and Nitin Thaker. "Cryopreservation of Bacterial Vegetative Cells Used in Antibiotic Assay." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 4 (1995): 997–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.4.997.

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Abstract A long-term cryopreservation study of vegetative cells of Micrococcus lutea ATCC 9341a, Micrococcus lutea ATCC 15957, and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 cells, used in our antibiotic bioassay procedure, was conducted. The cryoprotective abilities of 1% methylcellulose solution and a 15% glycerol solution at −14°C were determined. More organisms remained viable in 1% methylcellulose than in 15% glycerol. Overall survival of Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 after 365 days was 1.5 logs lower than the other 2 organisms. The sensitivity and the resistance of the preserved organ

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20

Malinky, John M., Robert M. Linsley, and Ellis L. Yochelson. "Taxonomic revision of Hyolitha from the middle Paleozoic of North America." Journal of Paleontology 61, no. 6 (1987): 1173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000029541.

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Collection of over a dozen specimens of Hyolithes aclis Hall from the Middle Devonian of New York indicates that this species belongs to a new genus, Hallotheca, to which the species Hyolithes halli (Hall) is also assigned. However, the generic assignments of the Silurian species Hyolithes cliftonensis Foerste and the Devonian species H. centennialis Barrett, H. ceratophilus Clarke, H. neapolis Clarke, and H. triliratus Hall are uncertain because of poor preservation of their type specimens. Use of these names should be confined to the types until better preserved topotypes become available. F

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Kaasalainen, Ulla, Jochen Heinrichs, Matthew A. M. Renner, et al. "A Caribbean epiphyte community preserved in Miocene Dominican amber." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 107, no. 2-3 (2016): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569101700010x.

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ABSTRACTFossil tree resins preserve a wide range of animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms in microscopic fidelity. Fossil organisms preserved in an individual piece of amber lived at the same time in Earth history and mostly even in the same habitat, but they were not necessarily parts of the same interacting community. Here, we report on an in situ preserved corticolous community from a piece of Miocene Dominican amber which is composed of a lichen, a moss and three species of leafy liverworts. The lichen is assigned to the extant genus Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae, Lecanoromycetes) and is d

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22

Putman, Nathan F., and Ruoying He. "Tracking the long-distance dispersal of marine organisms: sensitivity to ocean model resolution." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 81 (2013): 20120979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0979.

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Ocean circulation models are widely used to simulate organism transport in the open sea, where challenges of directly tracking organisms across vast spatial and temporal scales are daunting. Many recent studies tout the use of ‘high-resolution’ models, which are forced with atmospheric data on the scale of several hours and integrated with a time step of several minutes or seconds. However, in many cases, the model's outputs that are used to simulate organism movement have been averaged to considerably coarser resolutions (e.g. monthly mean velocity fields). To examine the sensitivity of track

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23

Trevisan, Bruna, Daniel M. C. Alcantara, Denis Jacob Machado, Fernando P. L. Marques, and Daniel J. G. Lahr. "Genome skimming is a low-cost and robust strategy to assemble complete mitochondrial genomes from ethanol preserved specimens in biodiversity studies." PeerJ 7 (September 13, 2019): e7543. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7543.

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Global loss of biodiversity is an ongoing process that concerns both local and global authorities. Studies of biodiversity mainly involve traditional methods using morphological characters and molecular protocols. However, conventional methods are a time consuming and resource demanding task. The development of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques has reshaped the way we explore biodiversity and opened a path to new questions and novel empirical approaches. With the emergence of HTS, sequencing the complete mitochondrial genome became more accessible, and the number of genome sequences

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Edwards, Dianne, Paul Kenrick, and Liam Dolan. "History and contemporary significance of the Rhynie cherts—our earliest preserved terrestrial ecosystem." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1739 (2017): 20160489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0489.

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The Rhynie cherts Unit is a 407 million-year old geological site in Scotland that preserves the most ancient known land plant ecosystem, including associated animals, fungi, algae and bacteria. The quality of preservation is astonishing, and the initial description of several plants 100 years ago had a huge impact on botany. Subsequent discoveries provided unparalleled insights into early life on land. These include the earliest records of plant life cycles and fungal symbioses, the nature of soil microorganisms and the diversity of arthropods. Today the Rhynie chert (here including the Rhynie

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Feldman, Howard R., Christopher G. Maples, Allen W. Archer, Ronald R. West, and Erik P. Kvale. "An estuarine model for Pennsylvanian Lagerstätten." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006559.

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Estuaries were important sites of deposition throughout most of the Pennsylvanian in the Midcontinent. Modern estuaries typically occur within flooded river valleys where marine and fresh waters mix. Characteristic estuarine circulation results in locally high rates of deposition of muddy sediment that can lead to good preservation of fossils. Several Pennsylvanian conservat-Lagerstätten are best interpreted as having formed within ancient estuaries. Three types of estuarine deposits have been identified. Type 1 estuarine systems are large-scale transgressive systems that start with fluvial sa

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26

Schultze, Hans-Peter, Christopher G. Maples, and Christopher R. Cunningham. "The Hamilton Konservat-Lagerstätte: Stephanian terrestrial biota in a marginal-marine setting." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 84, no. 3-4 (1993): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006246.

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ABSTRACTThe Stephanian Konservat-Lagerstätte of Hamilton, Kansas, deposited in a marine-estuarine environment preserves a mixture of terrestrial, fresh-water, and marine fossil organisms. The marine component is the most diverse taxonomically, whereas one ostracod species, commonly interpreted as a fresh-water form, together with vascular plant debris dominates volumetrically. Well-preserved terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates and arthropods were embedded in rapidly deposited calcareous mud conducive to microbial early-diagenesis of vertebrate soft tissues in a tidal estuarine setting. Many ve

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27

Church, Stephen B. "A new Lower Ordovician species of Calathium, and skeletal structure of western Utah calathids." Journal of Paleontology 65, no. 4 (1991): 602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000030699.

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Conical and vase-shaped calathids are found in the Lower Ordovician Fillmore Formation of western Utah associated with intraformational conglomerates and small patch reefs. Calathium yersini n. sp. exhibits patterns of both the inner and outer walls of calathid two-wall construction. The broadly annulate walls are constructed from meroms with fused proximal merom feet forming the inner wall. The reticulate-patterned outer wall is formed by interlocking stellate ribs at the distal end of each merom. Latitudinal (horizontal) ribs interlock adjacent merom ribs side by side at the tips of ribs whi

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von Bitter, Peter H., Mark A. Purnell, Denis K. Tetreault, and Christopher A. Stott. "Eramosa Lagerstätte—Exceptionally preserved soft-bodied biotas with shallow-marine shelly and bioturbating organisms (Silurian, Ontario, Canada)." Geology 35, no. 10 (2007): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g23894a.1.

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SALAMON, MARIUSZ A., JIH-PAI LIN, PIOTR DUDA, PRZEMYSŁAW GORZELAK, WILLIAM I. AUSICH, and TATSUO OJI. "PALEOENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS OF ECHINODERM OSSICLES TRAPPED WITHIN BURMESE AMBER." PALAIOS 34, no. 12 (2019): 652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2019.084.

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ABSTRACT Marine organisms are uncommonly preserved in amber. Recently, they were reported to be associated with Burmese amber. However, most of specimens from previous reports were preserved on the amber surface or within the sediment surrounding the amber. Based on X-ray tomography and thin-section optical microscopy of Burmese amber, we report here the first genuine and unambiguous evidence of inclusion of crinoid ossicles preserved in the fossil resin. Preservation of this exclusively marine group in amber gives insights into the paleoenvironment of the crinoid-amber association and provide

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30

Sumrall, Colin D., and Christopher A. Brochu. "Viewing Paleobiology Through the Lens of Phylogeny." Paleontological Society Papers 14 (October 2008): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001674.

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Phylogenetic systematics is the dominant form of taxonomy for most biologists, vertebrate paleontologists and to a lesser degree invertebrate paleontologists. Taxonomies are based strictly on evolutionary relationships with traits of organisms such as morphology and sequence data, being used as evidence for relationships. Two types of taxa are recognized - species that may be monophyletic or paraphyletic and clades that must be monophyletic. The phylogeny is an hypothesis of relationships that can be used to illuminate many areas of paleobiology including: unsampled morphology from incompletel

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Evans, Scott D., Ian V. Hughes, James G. Gehling, and Mary L. Droser. "Discovery of the oldest bilaterian from the Ediacaran of South Australia." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 14 (2020): 7845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001045117.

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Analysis of modern animals and Ediacaran trace fossils predicts that the oldest bilaterians were simple and small. Such organisms would be difficult to recognize in the fossil record, but should have been part of the Ediacara Biota, the earliest preserved macroscopic, complex animal communities. Here, we describeIkaria wariootiagen. et sp. nov. from the Ediacara Member, South Australia, a small, simple organism with anterior/posterior differentiation. We find that the size and morphology ofIkariamatch predictions for the progenitor of the trace fossilHelminthoidichnites—indicative of mobility

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Strullu-Derrien, C., P. Kenrick, J. P. Rioult, and D. G. Strullu. "Evidence of parasitic Oomycetes (Peronosporomycetes) infecting the stem cortex of the Carboniferous seed fern Lyginopteris oldhamia." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1706 (2010): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1603.

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Thin sections of petrified fossils made during the latter part of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to investigate the internal tissue systems of plants now provide an important new source of information on associated micro-organisms. We report a new heterokont eukaryote ( Combresomyces williamsonii sp. nov.) based on exquisitely preserved fossil oogonia, antheridia and hyphae from the Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian: Bashkirian stage) of UK. The structure of the oogonia and antheridia and features observed within the hyphae demonstrate a relationship with Oomycetes (Peronosporomycetes

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Roy, Stéphane, Alley E. Watada, William S. Conway, Eric F. Erbe, and William P. Wergin. "Low-temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy of Frozen Hydrated Apple Tissues and Surface Organisms." HortScience 29, no. 4 (1994): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.4.305.

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Frozen hydrated buds and epicarp of `Golden Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) were observed with a low-temperature, field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition to observing surface features of these specimens, holders were modified to observe fractured specimens. A modified hinged holder retained both halves of a fractured specimen for examination of the complementary faces of frozen hydrated tissues. Low-temperature SEM avoided artifacts, such as extraction, solubilization, and shrinkage, which are normally encountered with chemical fixation, dehydration, and drying

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SU, YOU NING. "A simple and quick method of displaying liquid-preserved morphological structures for microphotography." Zootaxa 4208, no. 6 (2016): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.6.

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Stabilising microstructures and small organisms for microphotography can be frustrating. If it is desired to take photographs in water from structures just cleared in potassium hydroxide, some sort of stabilisation is necessary otherwise the structures drift. Similarly, specimens taken from glycerol or alcohol, or those placed in alcohol, drift even more as the alcohol evaporates. Bits of crushed coverslip, glass beads, micro pins and dobs of Vaseline® have all been used to help keep the structures in place. In an attempt to solve the problem of “drifting genitalia” a simple solution was inadv

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Ding, Rubai. "3-D analysis of spindle structure in the yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe)." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (1992): 902–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100124914.

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Mitosis in yeast is currently the subject of many genetic and molecular biological studies, but structural work on yeast mitosis has been comparatively limited due in part to the difficulty of obtaining well preserved samples. A structural study of yeast spindles is important because yeast are unicellular, eukaryotic organisms that may provide a simple model of mitosis. S. pombe was chosen because much is known about its molecular biology, and there are several mutants that affect its mitosis. Here we describe a method for obtaining well preserved samples of S. pombe during mitosis using high

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Narbonne, Guy M., and Robert W. Dalrymple. "Taphonomy and ecology of deep-water Ediacaran organisms from northwestern Canada." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007796.

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Although most occurrences of Ediacaran fossils are from shallow-shelf deposits, taxonomically-similar assemblages have recently been described from a 2.5 km-thick succession of dark mudstones and turbiditic sandstones in the Windermere Supergroup of the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. The paleogeographic position (20-40 km seaward of the shelf edge), abundant evidence of mass flow, and the complete absence of in situ shallow-water features imply that deposition took place on a slope considerably below storm wave-base. Ediacaran fossils were not observed in axial trough deposits (lowe

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Bomfleur, Benjamin, Thomas Mörs, Marco Ferraguti, Marcelo A. Reguero, and Stephen McLoughlin. "Fossilized spermatozoa preserved in a 50-Myr-old annelid cocoon from Antarctica." Biology Letters 11, no. 7 (2015): 20150431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0431.

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The origin and evolution of clitellate annelids—earthworms, leeches and their relatives—is poorly understood, partly because body fossils of these delicate organisms are exceedingly rare. The distinctive egg cases (cocoons) of Clitellata, however, are relatively common in the fossil record, although their potential for phylogenetic studies has remained largely unexplored. Here, we report the remarkable discovery of fossilized spermatozoa preserved within the secreted wall layers of a 50-Myr-old clitellate cocoon from Antarctica, representing the oldest fossil animal sperm yet known. Sperm char

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Day, M. F. C., H. Hewson, M. Fagg, et al. "The Biological Collections in CSIRO: a National Heritage?" Historical Records of Australian Science 15, no. 1 (2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr04002.

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From the organization's earliest days, several Divisions of CSIRO have assembled substantial collections of biological species. These include a wide variety of plants and animals. Some collections consist of live organisms, some of preserved material. The origins and the functions of the collections vary; most of them now contain material of considerable value. Their history is intriguing, and their future has continued to be a question of importance.

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Tomašových, Adam, Paolo G. Albano, Tomáš Fuksi, et al. "Ecological regime shift preserved in the Anthropocene stratigraphic record." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1929 (2020): 20200695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0695.

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Palaeoecological data are unique historical archives that extend back far beyond the last several decades of ecological observations. However, the fossil record of continental shelves has been perceived as too coarse (with centennial-millennial resolution) and incomplete to detect processes occurring at yearly or decadal scales relevant to ecology and conservation. Here, we show that the youngest (Anthropocene) fossil record on the northern Adriatic continental shelf provides decadal-scale resolution that accurately documents an abrupt ecological change affecting benthic communities during the

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Lautenschlager, Stephan. "DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION OF SOFT-TISSUE STRUCTURES IN FOSSILS." Paleontological Society Papers 22 (September 2016): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/scs.2017.10.

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AbstractIn the last two decades, advances in computational imaging techniques and digital visualization have created novel avenues for the study of fossil organisms. As a result, paleontology has undergone a shift from the pure study of physically preserved bones and teeth, and other hard tissues, to using virtual computer models to study specimens in greater detail, restore incomplete specimens, and perform biomechanical analyses. The rapidly increasing application of these techniques has further paved the way for the digital reconstruction of soft-tissue structures, which are rarely preserve

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Gold, David A. "The slow rise of complex life as revealed through biomarker genetics." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 2, no. 2 (2018): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170150.

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Organic molecules preserved in ancient rocks can function as ‘biomarkers’, providing a unique window into the evolution of life. While biomarkers demonstrate intriguing patterns through the Neoproterozoic, it can be difficult to constrain particular biomarkers to specific organisms. The goal of the present paper is to demonstrate the utility of biomarkers when we focus less on which organisms produce them, and more on how their underlying genetic pathways evolved. Using this approach, it becomes clear that there are discrepancies between the biomarker, fossil, and molecular records. However, t

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Reshetnyk, M., V. Gritsenko, and A. Martyshyn. "EVIDENCE OF THE BACTERIAL NATURE OF THE WENDOMAN ORGANISMS NEMIANA SIMPLEX." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 1 (92) (2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.92.01.

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Nemiana simplex were found in Vendian deposits of Transnistria a hundred years ago. They are present in layers with determined age of 557 million. There are fourteen places with such fossils in the world. Nemiana simplex are the markers of all deposits of the Yampilian layers of the Vendian. We need to take a closer look at the Nemiana simplex analysis, as their exact nature has not been determined so far. They were considered to be raindrops, jellyfish or polyps, which is not justified. The large fluctuations in their size, and the peculiarities of their location relative to each other, indic

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Miller, Kelly B., and Sara H. Lubkin. "Calicovatellus petrodytes, a new genus and species of primitive vatelline diving beetle (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Vatellini) from the Miocene Barstow Formation, southern California, USA." Journal of Paleontology 75, no. 4 (2001): 890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000016991.

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Relatively few fossil dytiscids have been described. This is unfortunate since fossils can provide useful phylogenetic and evolutionary information including unique character combinations not present in extant taxa and minimum ages for divergences. However, even when fossils are found, important characters are often not visible since they may be poorly preserved or obscured. The fossil insects present in calcareous nodules from the Miocene Barstow Formation of the Calico Mountains in Southern California are exceptionally well preserved (Palmer, 1957). The original organisms are replaced by sil

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Liang, Yan, Olle Hints, Peng Tang, et al. "Fossilized reproductive modes reveal a protistan affinity of Chitinozoa." Geology 48, no. 12 (2020): 1200–1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47865.1.

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Abstract Reproduction is a key aspect of evolution, but the process is rarely preserved in the fossil record. Organisms fortuitously preserved undergoing reproduction provide an exceptional window illuminating the biology of extinct taxa, especially those with unknown phylogenetic position. Here we report exceptional specimens of chitinozoans (enigmatic Paleozoic organic-walled microfossils) preserved as “test-in-test” morphology, which have previously been interpreted as teratological forms. Application of advanced imaging techniques on newly recovered and reexamined Ordovician materials enab

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Taylor, G. M., G. R. Stewart, M. Cooke, et al. "Koch's Bacillus – a look at the first isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a modern perspective." Microbiology 149, no. 11 (2003): 3213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26654-0.

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Using molecular methods the authors have studied mycobacterial DNA taken from a 19th century victim of tuberculosis. This was the case from which Robert Koch first isolated and cultured the organism responsible for tuberculosis. The mycobacteria were preserved within five glass culture tubes as abundant bacterial colonies on slopes of a gelatinous culture medium of unknown composition. Originally presented by Koch to surgical laryngologist Walter Jobson Horne in London in 1901, the relic has, since 1983, been in the care of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Light and electron microscop

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Moczydłowska, Małgorzata, Frances Westall, and Frédéric Foucher. "Microstructure and Biogeochemistry of the Organically Preserved Ediacaran MetazoanSabellidites." Journal of Paleontology 88, no. 2 (2014): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13-003.

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Metazoans (multicellular animals) evolved during the Ediacaran Period as shown by the record of their imprints, carbonaceous compressions, trace fossils, and organic bodies and skeletal fossils. Initial evolutionary experiments produced unusual bodies that are poorly understood or conceived of as non-metazoan. It is accepted that sponges, ctenophorans, cnidarians, placozoans, and bilaterians were members of the Ediacaran fauna, many of which have uncertain affinities. The fossilSabellidites cambriensisYanishevsky, 1926, derived from the terminal Ediacaran strata, is the earliest known organica

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Yossa, Nadine, James Smiley, Mei-Chiung Jo Huang, et al. "Comparison of TEMPO® BC with Spiral Plating Methods for the Enumeration of Bacillus cereus in Cosmetic Products Either Naturally Preserved or Preserved with Phenoxyethanol." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 4 (2019): 1080–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0375.

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Abstract Background: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) uses Bacillus cereus rapid agar (BACARA) and Mannitol-yolk-polymyxin (MYP) agar for the enumeration of the members of B. cereus group. Objective: The automated TEMPO Most Probable Number system was compared with the FDA BAM method for the detection of B. cereus group members in cosmetic products. Methods: We inoculated a range of cosmetic products with pure B. cereus spore suspensions (density = 0.5 McFarland) at high (6 log CFU/mL), medium (5 log CFU/mL), and low (4 log CFU/mL) levels. T

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Vega, Francisco J., Rodney M. Feldmann, and Victor M. Davila-Alcocer. "Cuticular structure in Costacopluma mexicana Vega and Perrilliat, from the Difunta Group (Maastrichtian) of northeastern Mexico, and its paleoenvironmental implications." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 5 (1994): 1074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000026688.

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Examination of extremely well-preserved cuticle samples from the Maastrichtian retroplumid crab, Costacopluma mexicana Vega and Perrilliat, collected in the Difunta Group in Nuevo León State, Mexico, documents the preservation of corpses in an anoxic microenvironment produced by decomposition of soft tissue of the organisms. All four cuticular layers, epicuticle, exocuticle, endocuticle, and membranous layer, as well as pore canals and tegumental glands, can be recognized. There is no evidence of resorption that accompanies molting. X-ray analysis of the cuticle indicates that the organic matr

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Wirth, Alexander, Bettina Wolf, Cheng-Kai Huang, et al. "Novel aspects of age-protection by spermidine supplementation are associated with preserved telomere length." GeroScience 43, no. 2 (2021): 673–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00310-0.

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AbstractAgeing provokes a plethora of molecular, cellular and physiological deteriorations, including heart failure, neurodegeneration, metabolic maladaptation, telomere attrition and hair loss. Interestingly, on the molecular level, the capacity to induce autophagy, a cellular recycling and cleaning process, declines with age across a large spectrum of model organisms and is thought to be responsible for a subset of age-induced changes. Here, we show that a 6-month administration of the natural autophagy inducer spermidine in the drinking water to aged mice is sufficient to significantly atte

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Ivleva, A. D., and A. S. Karpov. "THE STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION OF ROAMING PRESERVED GRAFTS IN LIVING ORGANISMS (FOR EXAMPLE, BONE TISSUE) IN THE LABORATORY." Современные проблемы науки и образования (Modern Problems of Science and Education), no. 3 2018 (2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/spno.27576.

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