Academic literature on the topic 'Press Africa, East'
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Journal articles on the topic "Press Africa, East"
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Wetmore Jr., Kevin J. "A History of Theatre in Africa. Edited by Martin Banham. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. xvii + 478; $140 cloth." Theatre Survey 46, no. 2 (2005): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557405220203.
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One of the greatest challenges to teaching world theatre history in the United States is that the vast majority of survey history books spend two dozen chapters on the theatre of the West, giving the theatres of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East a single chapter each at best. In addition, there have to date been no comprehensive histories of African theatre covering the entire continent, Africa north of the Sahara being linked for cultural reasons with the Middle East instead of geographically with the rest of the continent. A History of Theatre in Africa, edited by the pioneer of African-theatre scholarship, Martin Banham, is an excellent, if uneven, redressing of those imbalances.
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van Donge, Jan Kees. "The fate of an African ‘chaebol’: Malawi's Press Corporation after democratisation." Journal of Modern African Studies 40, no. 4 (2002): 651–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x02004020.
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Press Corporation, a large diversified Malawian company, was the personal property of Kamuzu Banda who ruled Malawi as a dictator for thirty years from independence in 1964. The history of Press is analysed in order to generate insights into the relationship between politics and economics in Africa. Comparative references are made to the experience of East Asian countries, as there are important similarities between their development paths and that of Malawi under Banda. The activities of Press Corporation were, in general, similar to parastatal companies elsewhere in Africa but, unlike the latter, Press was profitable and viable as a commercial entity. This challenges the idea that there is a compelling logic in African patrimonialist politics which necessitates parasitism on the economy. The experience of Press points to the value of such large multisectoral companies, as they can mobilise scarce local savings and channel them as venture capital into areas where investment has large external benefits, while the discipline of the profit and loss account in the company is not lost.
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POUWELS, RANDALL L. "EAST AFRICAN COASTAL HISTORY." Journal of African History 40, no. 2 (1999): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853798007403.
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Swahili and Sabaki: A Linguistic History. By DEREK NURSE and THOMAS J. HINNEBUSCH. Edited by THOMAS J. HINNEBUSCH, with a special addendum by GERARD PHILIPPSON. (University of California Publications in Linguistics, 121). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press 1993. Pp. xxxii+780. $80 (ISBN 0-520-09775-0).Shanga. The Archaeology of a Muslim Trading Community on the Coast of East Africa. By MARK HORTON. (Memoirs of the British Institute of East Africa, 14). London: The British Institute in Eastern Africa, 1996. Pp. xvi+458. £75 (ISBN 1-872-56609-x).Nurse's and Hinnebusch's Swahili and Sabaki: A Linguistic History is the most comprehensive study yet done of Swahili history through linguistic analysis. It is an encyclopedic work representing many years of research by the authors and other scholars, and it focuses particularly on the emergence and evolution of the Swahili language. The massive and diverse evidence they marshal is, of course, almost entirely linguistic: as such they discuss four basal parameters of language relationship and change, namely lexis, morphology, phonology and tone. (The last two are treated together, and G. Philippson reviews the latter.)
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Nasar, Saima. "The Indian Voice: Connecting Self-Representation and Identity Formulation in Diaspora." History in Africa 40, no. 1 (2013): 99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2013.10.
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AbstractThis article examines a previously overlooked publication titled The Indian Voice of British East Africa, Uganda and Zanzibar. Printed in Nairobi between 1911 and 1913, the Indian Voice has been dismissed by some scholars as “insignificant” in the wider context of Kenya’s militant press. As an important tool for discovering, exploring and analyzing the nature of racial hierarchies, diasporic identity and belonging, this article argues that the Indian Voice can be used to understand how “new kinds of self-representation” both emerged and dissolved in early twentieth-century East Africa. By contextualizing the historical significance of the newspaper, it demonstrates how the Indian Voice offers an invaluable means of generating new insights into the complex cultural and political formulations of Indian identities in diaspora. In doing so, this article contributes to remapping the historical perspective of East African Indians within the early colonial period.
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Manning, Patrick. "The Slave Trade: The Formal Demography of a Global System." Social Science History 14, no. 2 (1990): 255–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200020769.
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If the best-known aspects of African slavery remain the horrors of the middle passage and the travail of plantation life in the Americas, recent work has nonetheless provided some important reminders of the Old World ramifications of slavery (Miller 1988; Meillassoux 1986; Miers and Roberts 1988; Manning in press-a). Millions of slaves were sent from sub-Saharan Africa to serve in households and plantations in North Africa and the Middle East and suffered heavy casualties on their difficult journey. Millions more, captured in the same net as those sent abroad, were condemned to slavery on the African continent. The mortality of captives in Africa, therefore, included not only losses among those headed for export at the Atlantic coast but the additional losses among those destined for export to the Orient and among those captured and transported to serve African masters.
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Bogaards, Matthijs. "Microscope or Telescope? The Study of Democratisation across World Regions." Political Studies Review 16, no. 2 (2016): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929916645360.
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This review article brings together six recent books on democratisation. They cover Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, East Central Europe and the Balkans, Eurasia, and East and South East Asia. The review asks what we can learn from reading about democratisation in different parts of the world. The aim is twofold: to identify regionally specific processes of democratisation and to explore cross-regional commonalities. When viewed in combination, these regional studies of democratisation reveal the limitations of area studies and the need for comparative area studies. Cheeseman N (2015) Democracy in Africa: Successes, Failures, and the Struggle for Political Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hale H (2015) Patronal Politics: Eurasian Regime Dynamics in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hsin-Huang MH (ed.) (2014) Democracy or Alternative Political Systems in Asia: After the Strongmen. London: Routledge. Mainwaring S and Pérez-Liñán A (2013) Democracies and Dictatorship in Latin America: Emergence, Survival, and Fall. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Petrovic M (2013) The Democratic Transition of Post-Communist Europe: In the Shadow of Communist Differences and Uneven Europeanisation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Sadiki L (ed.) (2015) Routledge Handbook of the Arab Spring: Rethinking Democratization. London: Routledge.
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Twaddle, Michael. "Z. K. Sentongo and the Indian Question in East Africa." History in Africa 24 (January 1997): 309–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172033.
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East Africa is really what one may call a ‘test case’ for Great Britain. If Indians cannot be treated as equals in a vacant or almost vacant part of the world where they were the first in occupation—a part of the world which is on the equator—it seems that the so-called freedom of the British Empire is a sham and a delusion.The Indian question in East Africa during the early 1920s can hardly be said to have been neglected by subsequent scholars. There is an abundant literature on it and the purpose here is not simply to run over the ground yet again, resurrecting past passions on the British, white settler and Indian sides. Instead, more will be said about the African side, especially the expatriate educated African side, during the controversy in Kenya immediately after World War I, when residential segregation, legislative rights, access to agricultural land, and future immigration by Indians were hotly debated in parliament, press, private letters, and at public meetings. For not only were educated and expatriate Africans in postwar Kenya by no means wholly “dumb,” as one eminent historian of the British Empire has since suggested, but their comments in newspaper articles at the time can be seen in retrospect to have had a seminal importance in articulating both contemporary fears and subsequent “imagined communities,” to employ Benedict Anderson's felicitous phrase—those nationalisms which were to have such controversial significance during the struggle for independence from British colonialism in Uganda as well as Kenya during the middle years of this century.
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Mottale, Morris M. "The Quest for Modernity in the Middle East and the Islamic World Memories of State: Politics, History, and Collective Identity in Modern Iraq; The Future of Kurdistan in Iraq; Nationalism and Minorities Identities in Islamic Societies; and Muslims and Modernity: An Introduction to the Issues and Debates." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 4 (2006): 985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906459965.
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The Quest for Modernity in the Middle East and the Islamic World Memories of State: Politics, History, and Collective Identity in Modern Iraq, Eric Davis, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005, pp. xi, 385.The Future of Kurdistan in Iraq, Brendan O'Leary, John McGarry and Khaled Salih, eds., Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005, pp. xxi, 355Nationalism and Minorities Identities in Islamic Societies, Maya Schatzmiller, ed., Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005, pp. xiii, 346Muslims and Modernity: An Introduction to the Issues and Debates, Clinton Bennett, London, New York: Continuum, 2005, pp. xviii, 286These four books encapsulate a range of political issues that have shaped the formation of states and ideologies in the Middle East and North Africa since the beginning of the modern encounter between Europe and the Islamic world, from the Napoleonic invasion of Egypt through the post-World War I demise of the Ottoman world up to the American invasion of Iraq in 2003.
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Greenwood, Scott. "MICHAEL HERB, All in the Family: Absolutism, Revolution, and Democracy in the Middle Eastern Monarchies, SUNY Series in Middle Eastern Studies (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999). Pp. 381. $75.50 cloth, $25.95 paper." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 3 (2000): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800002610.
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With this book, Michael Herb makes a significant contribution to the debate on monarchism and its resiliency in the Middle East and North Africa. Relying on archival materials, a small number of interviews, and secondary literature, Herb compares the fortunes of twelve monarchies in the Middle East and North Africa and one monarchy in Afghanistan. By comparing the fate of eight successful monarchies with that of five failed monarchies, Herb seeks to understand which variable best accounts for the success of monarchical rule. A secondary task of the work is to evaluate the future of monarchical institutions in the Middle East and North Africa. Herb asks, “Is revolution—the destruction of these institutions—a necessary step toward political development in the region? Is it possible that political development can occur in the Middle East as it did in some places in Europe, through the adaptation and evolution of traditional institutions, rather than through their destruction?” (p. 256).
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Waters, Tony. "Tutsi Social Identity in Contemporary Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 33, no. 2 (1995): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00021121.
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The literature pointing out that ethnic groups are a social construction has a particular salience in discussion of identity in both East and Central Africa. As numerous authors have noted, there are in fact few linguistic, phenotypical, or social differences between Hutu and Tutsi. Indeed, as all acknowledge, there has been substantial intermarriage, particularly in Rwanda. Nevertheless, as recent events in Rwanda and Burundi illustrate, the presumably ‘socially constructed’ differences between Hutu and Tutsi have become a legitimated reason for murdering one's neighbours. But although cited as the cause of the civil war by virtually every Rwandan, as well as the Western and Tanzanian press, I am also impressed by the fact that at different times and places being ‘Tutsi’ means very different things. My own observations in the Benaco refugee camp for ‘Hutu’ illustrate how quickly and drastically such seemingly ‘fixed’ identities can change.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Press Africa, East"
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Nyambuga, Charles Ongadi. "The role of the press in political conflicts in Kenya : a case study of the performance of the nation and the East African Standard Newspapers." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1449.
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This study focuses on the role of the press in violent political conflicts in Kenya in the period that preceded the 2005 referendum on the draft constitution. Based on media reports, six major thematic areas of concern emerged during constitution making. These were: land tenure, devolution of power, the executive, the legislature, the Bill of Rights, and the provincial administration. These sections of the draft constitution caused a remarkable divergence of opinion. The citizens either supported or opposed the draft constitution on the basis of how the draft had treated those sections in the draft constitution. Besides the major thematic areas, newspapers regularly focused and reported on ethnicity, violence, political leaders‟ utterances, the process of constitution making, and political conflicts. Three main objectives guided the study. The first objective focused on the relationship between media content and different levels of political conflict. The influence of media content and how these may have led to high political conflict, medium political conflict, low political conflict and no political conflict, are tested in this study. The second objective highlighted the kind of coverage that the draft constitution got during the period that preceded the referendum in November, 2005. This objective facilitated interrogation of media content and whether media content focused on aspects of the draft constitution such as land ownership, the executive, devolution, the legislature and religion, as highlighted in the draft constitution of Kenya 2005. The third objective examined the thematic emphasis that the media undertook in the period that preceded the referendum. The themes that were dominant in the period before the referendum could have impacted on readers' perceptions of the critical issues that could have informed the voters' decisions. Three primary questions were addressed in the study: Firstly, was there a link between media content and different levels of political conflict in weak democracies such as Kenya? Secondly, did media content influence ethnicity and did it encourage ethnic conflict in diverse societies? Finally, what were the key thematic areas of coverage by the press, and how were they used during the referendum? In order to study these research objectives, I used a combination of theories to enhance understanding of the interplay between media content and audience in the society. The theories are: agenda setting, two-step flow, priming, framing, and the public sphere. The study adopts a triangulation convergence design in mixed- methods research that involves both qualitative and quantitative methods. A structured questionnaire and content analysis were used to seek responses to the research questions of the study and to meet the stated objectives. The research revealed that the two newspapers under investigation, namely the East African Standard and the Nation, provided more coverage to issues that were not central to the content of the draft constitution, such as political leaders' utterances, violence, ethnicity, and the process of constitution making. This showed that the newspapers tended to sensationalise issues instead of providing objective coverage of political matters. These newspapers used their opinion pages to educate their readers on how the referendum was turning violent. The theme of political leaders' utterances is closely linked to that of violence. This suggests that the violence was influenced by some of the leaders' statements. These utterances, and more so those that touched on ethnicity, could therefore have been a potential cause of the ensuing political conflicts during the 2005 referendum on the draft constitution. The findings reveal that newspaper editors tended to focus on political conflict at the expense of the actual content of the draft constitution. This would have provided insight and knowledge on the document and avoided sensational reporting, which could have contributed to violent political conflicts during the period that preceded the referendum on the draft constitution of Kenya.
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Herms, Irmtraud. "TUKI 2004. Kamusi ya Kiswahili Sanifu. Toleo la Pili. [A standard Swahili dictionary. Second edition]. Nairobi: Oxford University Press. xviii, 477 pp. ISBN 0195732227. (ca. 15000 ThS/ 15.- €)." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-91314.
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Book review: In 2004 the long awaited second edition of the Standard Swahili - Swahili Dictionary, edited by the Insitute of Kiswahili Research (TUKI) at the University of Dar es Salaam, appeared. With this publication TUKI has once again confirmed its leading role in the field of Swahili lexicography in East Africa. it is up to date, containing new words and phrases which are in use in East Africa in order to cope with the development in science and technology, society, economics and globalization.
Books on the topic "Press Africa, East"
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Mutere, Absalom. Media graduation from potential to actual power in Africa's conflict resolution: Experience from the East and Horn of Africa. African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD), 2006.
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Gorman, Anthony, and Didier Monciaud. Press in the Middle East and North Africa, 1850-1950: Politics, Social History and Culture. Edinburgh University Press, 2018.
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Gorman, Anthony, and Didier Monciaud. Press in the Middle East and North Africa, 1850-1950: Politics, Social History and Culture. Edinburgh University Press, 2019.
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Gorman, Anthony, and Didier Monciaud, eds. The Press in the Middle East and North Africa, 1850-1950. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430616.001.0001.
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This volume presents twelve detailed case studies of the press from the Ottoman Empire and the post-Ottoman Arab world including North Africa in the period before independence (c.1850-1950). It charts the emergence of this important medium, its practitioners and its function as a forum and agent in political, social and cultural life in the Middle East and central to an understanding of the development of free speech, civil society, political life and cultural expression. Examining both local and foreign language publications the studies engage with themes such as the reading public, the representation of gender and class, the articulation of national, community and dissident voices in the press and its relationship with political power. The volume also provides a collective exploration of the profile of the practitioners of journalism from political activists and amateurs to the later emergence of the professional journalist in the Middle East. In taking up this focus, the collection argues that the press is both a vector and an agent of history that facilitates critical entrée into the complex processes of political, social and cultural transformation that the region was undergoing during this formative period.
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Musandu, Phoebe. Pressing Interests: The Agenda and Influence of a Colonial East African Newspaper Sector. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2018.
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Pressing Interests: The Agenda and Influence of a Colonial East African Newspaper Sector. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2018.
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Willings press guide: A guide to the press of the United Kingdom and to the principal publications of Europe, the Americas, Australasia,the Far East, Africa and the Middle East. British Media Publications, 1989.
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Willings press guide: A guide to the press of the United Kingdom and to the principal publications of Europe, the Americas, Australasia, Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Reed Information Services, 1991.
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Willings press guide: A guide to the press of the United Kingdom and to the principal publications of Europe, the Americas, Australasia, Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Reed Information Services, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Press Africa, East"
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Chama, Brian. "False News Laws Impact on Tabloids in East Africa." In Tabloid Journalism and Press Freedom in Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48868-0_5.
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Campagna, Joel. "Freedom of the Press in the Middle East and North Africa." In Encyclopedia of International Media and Communications. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-387670-2/00106-0.
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Booker, Vaughn A. "“Royal Ancestry”." In Lift Every Voice and Swing. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479892327.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the popular methods of African American scriptural interpretation that formed the early religious context that Duke Ellington represented through his jazz artistry. In these biblical interpretations, African American Protestants in the twentieth century’s early decades read the Hebrew and Christian scriptures in concert with constructing their own history as descendants of the African continent. Ellington brought into his musical profession a relationship to the Bible as a sacred African document that portrayed African and black people as the great founders of ancient civilizations and as contributors to the foundation of modern civilization. By publishing and promoting books on history and biblical interpretation, writing editorials, answering reader questions in regular black press columns, staging pageants, and even through long- and short-form jazz compositions, middle-class black Protestants, along with black academics who studied ancient North Africa, the Near East, and East Africa, invested their intellectual and artistic energy into racializing sacred Hebrew figures and sacralizing non-Hebrew peoples as venerable contributors to the development of religion. These Afro-Protestant racializations of sacred texts and ancient religions, alongside their sacralizations of African identity, involved their embrace of both monotheisms and polytheisms.
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Tunç Cox, Ayça. "Mediated Narratives of Syrian Refugees : Mapping Victim–Threat Correlations in Turkish Newspapers." In Media and Mapping Practices in the Middle East and North Africa. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989092_ch09.
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Turkey has become the first and main transition hub for Syrian refugees. Furthermore, Turkey is spatially as well as culturally simultaneously referred to as European and Asian or Middle Eastern depending the point of view. Therefore, the representation of refugees in the Turkish press proves significant for the knowledge produced about refugees. Accordingly, this chapter strives to investigate the coverage of Syrian refugees in newspapers, which constitutes only one aspect of the overall reception of the issue in Turkey, and therefore does not claim to be exhaustive. Yet, because daily newspapers are still among the most important media sectors in Turkey, they constitute a special case of knowledge production worth investigating.
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Szmolka, Inmaculada. "Introduction." In Political Change in the Middle East and North Africa. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474415286.003.0001.
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The introductory chapter explains the four sections of the book. The first section deals with the theoretical and methodological analysis of changes that have occurred since 2011 as a result of the Arab Spring: in political regimes, from a Comparative Politics approach; and in the MENA region, from an International Relations perspective. The second section includes an analysis of the transformations in party systems, the elections, the constitutional reforms undertaken, changes in government and power relations within political regimes, advances or deteriorations in governance in the MENA countries, the role of civil society in processes of political change, and the current situation regarding rights and civil liberties, and particularly in media and press freedom in the MENA countries. Section III analyses the political consequences of the processes of change at both regional and international level. The section thus takes into account the importance of the MENA region on the international scene, the role played by international powers in the processes of political change and in the conflicts that have erupted since the Arab Spring, the configuration of new political interests, regional powers, and alliances, and revised understandings of the threats facing the region and the international community. Finally, section IV presents the processes of political change undertaken as a consequence of the Arab Spring according to the typology established in chapter 1.
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"‘Natural Sciences’, in Butterflies and Barbarians: Swiss Missionaries and Systems of Knowledge in South-East Africa, Oxford: JamesCurrey and Athens: Ohio University Press, pp. 123-54." In The Rise and Fall of Modern Empires, Volume II. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315237336-26.
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Carroll, Fred. "“Negro Subversion”." In Race News. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041495.003.0002.
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A skeletal national communications network of news by, about, and for African Americans came into existence as black men and women migrated from the rural South for better wages and opportunities in the industrial North and elsewhere. Upstart newspaper publishers courted readers by adopting modern journalism practices and emboldening demands for racial reform, as illustrated by the Chicago Defender and Crisis magazine. News coverage of the East St. Louis race riot and the so-called Houston mutiny showed how journalists continued to denounce segregation and discrimination even after the United States joined World War I. Press criticism provoked government surveillance and censorship. State intimidation, though, failed to silence dissident publishers who claimed to rival ministers as Black America’s preeminent leaders.
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Holman, J. Alan. "The European Herpetofauna: Paleocene Through Pliocene." In Pleistocene Amphibians and Reptiles in Britain and Europe. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195112320.003.0007.
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In both Europe and North America, modern herpetological families and genera became established quite early in the Cenozoic, and modern species occurred as early as the Miocene. Because of deteriorating climates that began late in the Eocene, a marked decrease in herpetological diversity occurred in the Oligocene in both continents. However, both areas became herpetologically enriched in the Miocene. In post-Miocene times Europe was isolated from Africa and warm areas in the east by the Mediterranean Sea and eastern mountain ranges, and a depauperate herpetofauna developed there that continued into recent times. In North America, however, with its vast, accessible southern land mass, the richness of the Miocene herpetofauna (with the exception of several archaic colubrid genera [Parmley and Holman, 1995] that became extinct in the the Miocene) persisted into modern times. The following discussion of changes in the European herpetofauna in the Cenozoic era has been synthesized from Auge (1986), Ballón (1991a), Bailon ct al. (1988), Barbadillo et al. (1997), Crochet et al. (1981), Estes (1981, 1982, 1983), Fritz (1995), Holman (1995c), Milncr (1986), Milner et al. (1982), Mlynarski (1976), Rage (1984a, 1984c, 1986, 1993), Rage and Auge (1993), Rage and Ford (1980), Roček (1994), Sanchiz. (1977b, in press), Sanchiz and Mlynarski (1979), Sanchiz and Roček (1996), Spinar (1972), Szyndlar (1984, 1991b, 1991c), and Szyndlar and Bohme (1993). Because of the high probability that herpetological fossils have been identified correctly at the family level, herpetological families arc used here to reflect the taxonomic diversity of the European herpetofauna from the Paleocene through the Pliocene. In a following section, the earliest appearance of herpetological genera and species in the European Tertiary arc discussed. Extinct families are prefixed with an asterisk (*). Families that became extinct in Europe in the Cenozoic but presently occur elsewhere are prefixed with a number sign (#). Two primitive, extinct, presumably permanently aquatic salamander families, me *Albanerpetontidae and *Batrachosauroididae (the latter also known from the Tertiary of North America) made limited appearances in the Cenozoic of Europe. The *Albanerpetontidae occurred only in the Middle Miocene (having reappeared from the Cretaceous), and the *Batrachosauroididae occurred from the Upper Paleocene to the Lower Eocene.
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Mussi, Margherita. "Palaeolithic Art in Isolation: The Case of Sicily and Sardinia." In Palaeolithic Cave Art at Creswell Crags in European Context. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199299171.003.0015.
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The archaeological record of Italy is long and complex, suggesting continuous peopling since the Middle Pleistocene (Mussi 2001; Mussi et al. in press). The evidence of Palaeolithic art, however, is rather restricted: Early Upper Palaeolithic (EUP) art is close to nil, including just a few notched implements; the Middle Upper Palaeolithic (MUP), admittedly, is much richer, with some twenty Gravettian Wgurines, the largest such sample in Western Europe (Mussi et al. 2000; Mussi 2004); parietal art is also documented at Grotta Paglicci, where painted horses and positive handprints were discovered (Boscato and Palma di Cesnola 2000; Zorzi 1962); when Late Upper Palaeolithic (LUP) lithic industries were produced which belong to the Epigravettian, portable and parietal art is known at a number of sites. In the late 1980s, Zampetti (1987) reviewed twenty-one Epigravettian cave sites, and a single open-air site, all of them with zoomorphic art. Three more have been discovered since: Riparo Dalmeri, Riparo di Villabruna, and Grotta di Settecannelle. I will examine below the artistic record of Sicily and Sardinia, both of them at the periphery of Italy, which, in turn, is secluded from Europe by the Alps. My aim is to contrast the effects of geographic isolation, with the circulation of people and ideas, if any, as documented by portable and cave art. Sicily, currently an island of 25; 700km<sup>2</sup> and the largest in the Mediterranean, lies 140 km from Africa, and a few kilometres off southern Italy. The strait of Messina is 3 to 25 km wide, but is far from easy to cross, because of violent tidal currents, and whirlpool, also known as ‘Charybdis’ by Greeks and Romans. The depth is just 72 m at the Sill of Peloro. Because of intense neotectonic activity, however, any palaeogeographic reconstruction is highly speculative. Analysis of the faunal assemblages, which during oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 2 include a limited number of species, none of which is endemic, suggests that intermittent connection with the mainland possibly existed around the Last Glacial Maximum (Mussi et al. in press). The large mammals, found in varying percentages, are the deer, Cervus elaphus, the aurochs, Bos primigenius, the small steppe horse, Equus hydruntinus, and Sus scrofa, the wild boar.
Conference papers on the topic "Press Africa, East"
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Graham, J. B., D. B. Lubahn, J. D. Kirshtein, et al. "THE “MALMO“ EPITOPE OF FACTOR IX: PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION OF THE “VIKING“ GENE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643566.
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The epitope of a mouse monoclonal AB (9.9) which detects a Factor IX (F.IX) polymorphism in the plasma of normal persons (PNAS 82:3839, 1985) has been related to not more than 6 AA residues of F.IX by recombinant DNA technology. The same 6 residues define Smith’s polymorphic epitope (Am. J. Human Genet. 37:688, 1985 and in press). This region of F.IX contains the alanine:threonine dimorphism at residue 148 first suggested by McGraw et al. (PNAS 82: 2847, 1985) and established by Winship and Brownlee with synthetic DNA oligomers (Lancet in press). Using synthetic DNA probes, we have found that the DNA difference between positive and negative reactors to 9.9 is whether base pair 20422, the first pair in the codon for residue 148, is A:T or G:C. We can conclude that 9.9 reacts with F.IX containing threonine but not alanine at position 148.The F.IX immunologic polymorphism-whose epitope we are referring to as “Malmo”-is, not surprisingly, in strong linkage disequilibrium with two F.IX DNA polymorphisms, TaqI and Xmnl. The highest frequency of the rarer Malmo allele in 6 disparate ethnic groups was in Swedes (32%); a lower frequency (14%) was seen in White Americans whose ancestors came overwhelmingly from the Celtic regions of the British Isles; it was at very low frequency or absent in Black Americans, East Indians, Chinese and Malays. A maximum frequency in Swedes and absence in Africans and Orientals suggest that the transition from A:T to G:C occurred in Scandinavia and spread from there. The history of Europe and America plus the geographical distribution of the rare allele lead us to suggest that this locus might be designated: “the Viking gene”.