Journal articles: 'Press Theories'

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Rüdiger, Francisco Rüdiger. "The press theories of late liberalism." Brazilian Journalism Research 11, no. 1 (September 16, 2015): 292–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/bjr.v11n1.2015.818.

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Moore, Alfred. "Conspiracies, Conspiracy Theories and Democracy." Political Studies Review 16, no. 1 (November 7, 2017): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1478-9302.12102.

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Conspiracy theories are attracting increasing attention from political scientists, much of it negative. Three recent books, from the disciplines of political science, cultural history and social theory, provide a valuable critical corrective. Uscinski and Parent argue that conspiracy theories are connected to partisan distrust and are largely stable across the twentieth century. Michael Butter uses detailed historical cases from the Puritan witch trials to the Red Scare of the 1950s to show the central and influential role that conspiratorial beliefs have played in American history. Luc Boltanski focuses on conspiracy narratives in early detective and spy novels, but situates them in a broader account of the relation between the state, the social and political sciences, and popular representations of political power. Taken together, these books place the problem of conspiracy theory firmly in the context of democratic politics, opening important empirical and conceptual questions about partisanship, populism, publicity and secrecy. Boltanski, L. (2014) Mysteries and Conspiracies: Detective Stories, Spy Novels and the Making of Modern Societies. Translated by Catherine Porter. Cambridge: Polity Press. Butter, M. (2014) Plots, Designs and Schemes: American Conspiracy Theories from the Puritans to the Present. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Uscinski, J. E. and Parent, J. M. (2014) American Conspiracy Theories. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Carrell, Bob J. "Last rights: Revisiting four theories of the press." Public Relations Review 23, no. 1 (March 1997): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-8111(97)90014-x.

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Zimmermann, Hubert. "The Euro under Scrutiny: Histories and Theories of European Monetary Integration." Contemporary European History 10, no. 2 (July 2001): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301002090.

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Kenneth Dyson, The Politics of the Euro-Zone. Stability or Breakdown? (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 311 pp., ISBN 0-199-24164-3. Kenneth Dyson and Kevin Featherstone, The Road to Maastricht. Negotiating Economic and Monetary Union (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 860 pp., ISBN 0-198-28077-7. Peter Henning Loedel, Deutsche Mark Politics: Germany in the European Monetary System (London: Lynne Rienner, 2000), 264 pp., ISBN 1-555-87835-0. Kathleen R. McNamara, The Currency of Ideas: Monetary Politics in the European Union, (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998), 200 pp., ISBN 0-801-43432-7. James I. Walsh, European Monetary Integration and Domestic Politics. Britain, France, and Italy (London: Lynne Rienner, 2000), 182 pp., ISBN 1-555-87823-7. Amy Verdun, European Responses to Globalisation and Financial Market Integration (London: Macmillan, 2000), 260 pp., ISBN 0-333-71708-2.

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ACKERMAN, FARRELL. "Some observations on the typology of linguistic theories." Journal of Linguistics 36, no. 2 (July 2000): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700008185.

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Gilles Fauconnier & Eve Sweetser (eds.),Space, worlds, and grammar. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1996. 355 Pp.Masayoshi Shibatani & Sandra Thompson (eds.),Grammatical constructions: their form and meaning. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. Pp. xvii+345.Several years ago a volume of articles appeared called The view from Building 20 (Hale & Keyser 1993). As suggested by the title, the contributions reflected trends guiding the theoretical paradigm pre-eminently associated with MIT. After reading this collection, a colleague quipped that she wondered how well the view from Building 20 accorded with the broad research world beyond it. In this connection, the two books under review represent perspectives on language analysis which encourage one to pause and consider the present theoretical landscape in linguistics, and, less directly, the role of linguistics within modern cognitive science. Among their other merits, both books provide a rich and useful illustration of some of the perspectives on language analysis outside of Building 20. In doing so, they also help to define a more interesting research landscape than that usually characterized as an opposition between ‘formalists’ versus ‘cognitive/functionalists’.

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Marocco, Beatriz. "The Social Theories of the press: journalism and society." Brazilian Journalism Research 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2005): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/bjr.v1n1.2005.38.

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Evjen, Sunniva, Terje Colbjørnsen, Idunn Bøyum, Kim Tallerås, and Heidi Kristin Olsen. "Samfunnsoppdrag under press." Nordic Journal of Library and Information Studies 2, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/njlis.v2i1.125251.

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As the Covid-19 pandemic hit the world and Norway in 2020, libraries were among the institutions that were impacted. The social mission of libraries to stay open and offer services, cultural experiences and reliable information was put under pressure. In this article we depart from a survey of 843 library workers across public, academic, special, and school libraries in Norway. The survey was conducted in June-August 2020 and contains quantitative and qualitative data on how library workers experienced lockdown and the responses from libraries. The article addresses how the Covid-19 crisis impacted libraries’ social missions and what circumstances contribute to crisis management in Norwegian libraries. We use institutional theories on isomorphism and institutional pressures, as well as general theories on crisis management, to analyse the material. We conclude that the pandemic has shown the potential of digital library services, but also find that closed library premises strongly influenced how libraries were able to fulfil their social missions. Our findings also indicate the need for a sectorial leadership in times of crisis. In our discussion, we describe a situation where structures and plans to manage situations of crises are lacking. For libraries to be part of society’s democratic infrastructure, their roles and social missions need to be considered in crisis management plans.

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Bukar, Modu Alh Bukar, Mohammed Kaka, and Mai Dunoma Zannah. "Press freedom and media ownership are factors that influence media performance: comparative analysis of these factors in USA and Nigeria." Technium Social Sciences Journal 1 (December 1, 2019): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v1i1.31.

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The paper is to examine the influence of press freedom and media ownership in the performance of the media institutions in the United States of America and Federal Republic of Nigeria. However, in order to set for such discourse there is indispensable need to review some of the normative theories of the media, which will enable us to locate the appropriate principles guiding the operation of the media in each countries under study. The subdivided into: Abstract, Introduction, Normative Theories of the press, press freedom in United States, press freedom in Nigeria (democracy and press freedom, freedom of information act and conclusion). The analysis concludes that, The United States even has provision in their law and constitution forbidding state interference in the area of information content and dissemination. In Nigeria however, the state control society including the mass media. In this regard, whether media are owned by public or private individuals, they are only meant to service the government in power and were forbidden to criticize the government or its functionaries. The paper recommends that, For Nigerian press to be free the country should militate the all laws or factors that against the press freedom and Members of the Nigerian press must adhere to the ethics of the profession, in order to compete with others freers press of the other countries.

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9

Ayu Brahmasari, Ida. "Pengaruh Variabel Budaya Perusahaan terhadap Kinerja Kelompok Penerbitan Pers Jawa Pos." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 9, no. 2 (January 13, 2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2005.v9.i2.2018.

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The opportunities and threats occurring in the era of “press freedom” and “local government” effect the quality development of human resources of any press publishing company in Indonesia. Whether or not a corporate culture has been formalized and/or socialized throughout the organization, a corporate culture may characterize a press publishing company as it guides everyone’s behavior in the organization. Furthermore, a number of theories and previous researches showed that a corporate culture might effect on corporate performance.The objectives of this research are to examine the effects of organization values, organization climates, reward systems, and team orientation on performance of Jawa Pos press publishing group.284 respondents from 17 publishers of Jawa Pos press publishing group throughout the provinces of Bali, East Java, Central Java and Yogyakarta, participated in this study. The data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis, which were processed using LISREL 8.30 version of statistic computer program. Results of this study proved that organization values, organization climates, as well as reward systems have significant effects on the performance of Jawa Pos press publishing group. Meanwhile, team orientation has insignificant effects on the performance of Jawa Pos press publishing group.The finding of this study is important empirical evidence on the development of organization behavior theories and practices.

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Brahmasari, Ida Ayu. "PENGARUH VARIABEL BUDAYA PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KINERJA KELOMPOK PENERBITAN PERS JAWA POS." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 9, no. 2 (September 18, 2018): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2005.v9.i2.325.

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The opportunities and threats occurring in the era of “press freedom” and “local government” effect the quality development of human resources of any press publishing company in Indonesia. Whether or not a corporate culture has been formalized and/or socialized throughout the organization, a corporate culture may characterize a press publishing company as it guides everyone’s behavior in the organization. Furthermore, a number of theories and previous researches showed that a corporate culture might effect on corporate performance.The objectives of this research are to examine the effects of organization values, organization climates, reward systems, and team orientation on performance of Jawa Pos press publishing group.284 respondents from 17 publishers of Jawa Pos press publishing group throughout the provinces of Bali, East Java, Central Java and Yogyakarta, participated in this study. The data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis, which were processed using LISREL 8.30 version of statistic computer program. Results of this study proved that organization values, organization climates, as well as reward systems have significant effects on the performance of Jawa Pos press publishing group. Meanwhile, team orientation has insignificant effects on the performance of Jawa Pos press publishing group.The finding of this study is important empirical evidence on the development of organization behavior theories and practices.

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11

PULKOWSKI, DIRK. "Testing Compliance Theories: Towards US Obedience of International Law in the Avena Case." Leiden Journal of International Law 19, no. 2 (June 2006): 511–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156506003426.

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Eyal Benvenisti and Moshe Hirsch (eds.), The Impact of International Law on International Cooperation: Theoretical Perspectives, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 0521835542, 330 pp., £55.00 (hb).Markus Burgstaller, Theories of Compliance with International Law, Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff, 2005, ISBN 9004141936, 244 pp., €98.00 (hb).Constanze Schulte, Compliance with Decisions of the International Court of Justice, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 0199276722, 500 pp., £75.00 (hb).Science is organized common sense where many a beautiful theory was killed by an ugly fact.Thomas H. Huxley

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12

Hindman, Elizabeth Blanks. "First Amendment Theories and Press Responsibility: The Work of Zechariah Chafee, Thomas Emerson, Vincent Blasi and Edwin Baker." Journalism Quarterly 69, no. 1 (March 1992): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909206900106.

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Legal theorists have been interpreting First Amendment rights and protections for years, and most scholars interested in these theoretical presentations have been pleased with liberal interpretations because these interpretations allegedly offer expansive protections for freedom of the press. The work of the four major theorists examined here, however, offers something else as well: an underlying assumption of press responsibility, which could, if adopted by the court system, result in restrictions on freedom of the press. For the press, much is given in the First Amendment, but, apparently, much is also expected.

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13

Hampton, Mark. "`Understanding media': theories of the press in Britain, 1850-1914." Media, Culture & Society 23, no. 2 (March 2001): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016344301023002004.

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14

Servaes, Jan. "Towards a More ‘Cultural’ Interpretation of the Normative Press Theories." Media Asia 16, no. 1 (January 1989): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.1989.11726301.

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15

Liau, Pei Ling, Jie Lian Luo, and Guan Ning Zu. "A Study of Special Printing Used in the Theories of Graphic Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (December 2012): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.315.

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The purpose of this study is to probe into the difference of the printing effect and paper wood that are put to use in the same theories of graphic design. On one side, by showing the property of the presswork, printing will increase in value in the whole new way. On the other side, to come at the characteristics of the printing and the effect of post-press makes the theories of graphic design being used boundlessly. The results show that the graphic designed effect will increase simply by making use of the effect of special printing and post-press properly. So this study may provide the printing and design industry with the consultation to create value of varied merchandise.

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Ali, Fariza Azkiya. "SOME FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS." EXPOSURE : JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS 7, no. 1 (May 21, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/exposure.v7i1.1068.

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This paper study explains about some fundamental theories of Critical Discourse Analysis such as focus on dominance relations by elite groups and institutions as they are being ordained and the overt sociopolitical stance of discourse analysis. Context social structure: Situations of discursive interaction are similarly part or constitutive of social structure; for example, a press conference may be a typical repetition of organizations and media institutions. That is, “local” and more “global” contexts are closely related, and both exercise constraints on discourse. Personal and social cognition: Language users as social actors have both personal and social cognition: personal memories, knowledge and opinions, as well as those shared with members of the group or culture as a whole. Both types of cognition inﬂuence interaction 006 and discourse of individual members, whereas shared “social representations” govern the collective actions of a group.

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ARMITAGE, DAVID. "THE FIFTY YEARS' RIFT: INTELLECTUAL HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS." Modern Intellectual History 1, no. 1 (April 2004): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244303000027.

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Georg Cavallar, The Rights of Strangers: Theories of International Hospitality, the Global Community, and Political Justice since Vitoria (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002)Jonathan Haslam, No Virtue Like Necessity: Realist Thought in International Relations since Machiavelli (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002)Edward Keene, Beyond the Anarchical Society: Grotius, Colonialism and Order in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002)

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Vaca-Baqueiro, Maira Teresa. "Political regimes and the media. Towards a reconsideration of the dichotomy between the authoritarian and liberal models." Foro Internacional 58, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/fi.v58i3.2462.

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Los lazos entre los regímenes políticos característicos y los sistemas de medios son innegables. Tal como consignaron antaño Siebert, Peterson y Schramm (Four theories of the press, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1956, p. 1), “la prensa siempre asume la forma y los matices de las estructuras sociales y políticas dentro de las cuales opera”. El mundo actual y la política son completamente distintos del Mundo bipolar que inspiró Four theories of the press. Y, aun así, los estudios sobre sistemas de medios se aferran todavía a las premisas más sobresalientes de esta obra. Mediante la discusión acerca de su influjo normativo de dilatada duración, este artículo busca arrojar luz sobre las frecuentes discrepancias entre las democracias y las formas distintivas y el funcionamiento de los medios. Al mismo tiempo, en el trabajo se propone un marco analítico alternativo que albergue el estudio de las relaciones entre el Estado y los medios: el complejo político-mediático.

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Jakobs, Dörthe. "„BEFORE WE UNDERSTAND WHAT WE ARE DOING, WE NEED TO KNOW HOW WE THINK”." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 8 (December 20, 2019): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/odk.1075.

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The article deals with an interesting debate following a project that started with the question raised by the press: “Why not overpaint or reconstruct the missing parts of a famous wall painting?” and concluded with a panel discussion that conveyed a better understanding of restoration theories on the part of both the press and the parish. Moreover, part of the project featured an exhibition to communicate the basis of our restoration theories and understanding, whilst requesting a dialogue with the priest and the parish; so, they might communicate their intentions and opportunely discuss theological interpretations with regard to the missing part in the wall-painting, which was important for us in reaching an understanding of the principles behind their ideas.

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20

Lipson, Morris, and Steven Savitt. "A Dilemma For Causal Reliabilist Theories of Knowledge." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 23, no. 1 (March 1993): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1993.10717310.

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In a ‘Letter from Washington’ in The New Yorker, Elizabeth Drew reported some speculation regarding the mental processes of Ronald Reagan. In Drew’s words:The curious process Drew describes is clearly important in many ways -historically, politically, and perhaps legally. We contend that there is even some epistemological significance to Reagan’s method for the fixation of belief. We shall argue, in particular, that some of those curiously insulated beliefs which (if we are to believe Drew) Reagan possesses qualify as knowledge under at least one leading causal reliabilist theory of knowledge- that presented by F. Dretske in Knowledge and the Flow of Information (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press 1981). But, as we detail the structure of such beliefs, what is probably evident already will emerge quite clearly, viz., that these beliefs do not amount to knowledge.

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Neupane, Madhu. "Is transmission of knowledge more important than child-centeredness in early grades?" Journal of NELTA 23, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2018): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v23i1-2.23368.

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Hirsch, E.D., Jr. (2016) Why Knowledge Matters: Rescuing Our Children from Failed Educational Theories. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press. Pages: 269, Price: $29.50 (paperback), ISBN-13: 978-1-61-250952-5

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22

Hartsiotis, Kirsty. "Emery Walker’s Counsel." Logos 31, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 7–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18784712-03104002.

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Abstract Process engraver and printer Emery Walker was a pivotal figure in the English, American, and continental European Private Press Movement from the 1880s until his death in 1933. This article looks at his theories for the typography, design, and production of books, and how those theories were developed by key designers and close associates of Walker such as William Morris, T. J. Cobden Sanderson, and Bruce Rogers and through the practical teaching of figures such as J. H. Mason and Edward Johnston. It examines how the theories were then taken up by the exponents of fine printing from the early 20th century through to the 1930s, focusing on the presses of Bernard Newdigate, Harry Kessler, Harold Curwen, and Francis Meynell. From these presses, and also via Stanley Morison and the Monotype Corporation, Walker’s theories are shown to have spread into mainstream book publishing in the first half of the 20th century. The article considers questions of whether the improvement in the readability of books in the early 20th century has had a continuing impact in book publishing, and makes suggestions how to access the incunabula referenced by the designers discussed, as well as collections of private press books and other early 20th-century fine printing.

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Keren-Sagee, Alona. "JOSEPH SCHILLINGER – A DISCIPLE'S REMINISCENCES OF THE MAN AND HIS THEORIES: AN INTERVIEW WITH PROF. ZVI KEREN." Tempo 64, no. 251 (January 2010): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298210000033.

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Joseph Schillinger (1895–1943), the eminent Russian-American music theorist, teacher and composer, emigrated to the United States in 1928, after having served in high positions in some of the major music institutions in the Ukraine, Khar'kov, Moscow, and Leningrad. He settled in New York, where he taught music, mathematics, art history, and his theory of rhythmic design at the New School for Social Research, New York University, and the Teachers College of Columbia University. He formulated a philosophical and practical system of music theory based on mathematics, and became a celebrated teacher of prominent composers and radio musicians. Schillinger's writings include: Kaleidophone: New Resources of Melody and Harmony (New York: M. Witmark, 1940; New York: Charles Colin, 1976); Schillinger System of Musical Composition, 2 vols. (New York: Carl Fischer, 1946; New York: Da Capo Press, 1977); Mathematical Basis of the Arts (New York: Philosophical Library, 1948; New York: Da Capo Press, 1976); Encyclopedia of Rhythms (New York: Charles Colin, 1966; New York: Da Capo Press, 1976).

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Staley, Douglas A. "Langevin's influence on relativity theories." Physics Essays 33, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-33.4.380.

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A century ago, Paul Langevin [C. R. 173, 831 (1921)], through his influence, convinced the scientific community that Einstein's theories of relativity were correct and could explain the Sagnac effect. A simple note in Comptes Rendus was all it took to silence many prominent skeptical scientists. The relativity skeptics had pointed to Sagnac's experiment [C. R. 157, 1410 (1913)] with the interference of counter rotating light beams as proof that the speed of light was not the same in both directions, contrary to the key postulate in Einstein's theory. Langevin showed that the result was also explained by relativity. The rest is history, and relativity has remained a center piece of theoretical physics ever since. Langevin had been captivated by solar eclipse observations of a shifted star pattern near the sun as reported by Eddington [Report on the Relativity Theory of Gravitation (Fleetway Press, Ltd., London, 1920)]. This was taken as proof positive for Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. The case of a light beam split into two beams, which propagate in opposite directions around a circuit, has an analog in a simple thought experiment—a speed test for runners. Two runners can be timed on a running track with the runners going around the track in opposite directions. Two stop watches will display the time for each runner's return to the starting position. The arithmetic difference in time shown on each stop watch will provide the differences in speed between the two runners. If the two speeds are the same, the time difference will be zero. It would not make any sense for one of the stop watches to measure a negative time, that is, time moving into the past. In fact, the idea is absurd! However, Langevin did just that, assigned the time for light to travel in one direction as positive while the time for the light to traverse in the opposite direction as negative, moving into the past! By so doing, Langevin reproduced Sagnac's expression and declared that relativity explains Sagnac's experiment. Langevin was wrong!

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Yin, Jiafei. "Beyond the Four Theories of the Press: A New Model for the Asian & the World Press." Journalism & Communication Monographs 10, no. 1 (March 2008): 3–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152263790801000101.

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Nasr, Hosny Mohammed. "Recent Trends in Journalism Research and Political Power in the Afro-Asian Countries." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol2iss1pp53-78.

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This study aims to analyze the new trends in research on the relationship between the press and political authorities in Africa and Asia. It derives its significance from the recent developments in both media and politics in these countries. The study shows that the main shifts in this area of research include:- Search for new theoretical approaches to explain the relation between the press and political authorities.- Disregard of the four theories of communication model which was putting the press systems in Africa and Asia in very narrow frames (Authoritarian and Communist).- Search for genuine African and Asian values of the press derived from actual experience.- Study of new topics such as independent press and the positive role of the press in supporting the national identity and social solidarity. In light of the objectives of this study, it can be concluded that the relationship between press and the political authorities in the two continents has been affected by political, economic and technological changes.

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Tännsjö, Torbjörn. "Setting Health-Care Priorities. What Ethical Theories Tell Us. A Response to My Critics." Diametros 18, no. 68 (June 30, 2021): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33392/diam.1756.

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The article provides answers to comments in this journal on my recent book, Setting Health-Care Priorities. What Ethical Theories Tell Us (Oxford University Press, 2019). Did I address all of the relevant theories? Yes, I did. Was my argument underdeveloped in any respects? Yes, at least in one as I should perhaps have discussed contractual ethical thinking more carefully. I do so in this response. Moreover, the critical comments raised have helped me to clarify my argument in many ways, for which I thank my critics.

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Tennent, R. D. "Theories of Programming Languages by John C. Reynolds, Cambridge University Press, 1998." Journal of Functional Programming 10, no. 5 (September 2000): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796800243773.

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Guida, Michelangelo. "The Sèvres Syndrome and “Komplo” Theories in the Islamist and Secular Press." Turkish Studies 9, no. 1 (March 2008): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683840701813994.

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Gupta, Sanjay. "Book Review: Theories of Computability by Nicholas Pippenger (Cambridge University Press 1997)." ACM SIGACT News 29, no. 4 (December 1998): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/306198.1040362.

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31

Sternberg, Robert J., and Sareh Karami. "Integrating Diverse Points of View on Intelligence: A 6P Framework and Its Implications." Journal of Intelligence 9, no. 3 (June 23, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9030033.

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This article introduces a 6P framework for understanding intelligence, as well as the theories and tests that are derived from it. The 6Ps in the framework are purpose, press, problems, persons, processes, and products underlying intelligence. Each of the 6Ps is considered in turn. We argue that although the purpose of intelligence is culturally universal, the other Ps can vary at least somewhat over time and space. A single theory or test of intelligence represents a particular configuration of the 6Ps, but other configurations of the 6Ps might yield different theories and different tests.

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32

Gilman, Sander L. "Theories of the Unconscious and Theories of the Self. Edited by Raphael Stern. Hillsdale, N.J.: Analytic Press, 1987, 282 pp., 436.00." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 39, no. 3 (June 1991): 826–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306519103900322.

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33

Enders, Adam M., and Joseph E. Uscinski. "Are misinformation, antiscientific claims, and conspiracy theories for political extremists?" Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 24, no. 4 (May 31, 2021): 583–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430220960805.

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Extremist political groups, especially “extreme” Republicans and conservatives, are increasingly charged with believing misinformation, antiscientific claims, and conspiracy theories to a greater extent than moderates and those on the political left by both a burgeoning scholarly literature and popular press accounts. However, previous investigations of the relationship between political orientations and alternative beliefs have been limited in their operationalization of those beliefs and political extremity. We build on existing literature by examining the relationships between partisan and nonpartisan conspiracy beliefs and symbolic and operational forms of political extremity. Using two large, nationally representative samples of Americans, we find that ideological extremity predicts alternative beliefs only when the beliefs in question are partisan in nature and the measure of ideology is identity-based. Moreover, we find that operational ideological extremism is negatively related to nonpartisan conspiracy beliefs. Our findings help reconcile discrepant findings regarding the relationship between political orientations and conspiracy beliefs.

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Åfarli, Tor A., Jarosław Jakielaszek, Iwona Witczak-Plisiecka, Wiktor Pskit, Jolanta Szpyra-Kozłowska, Przemysław Ostalski, and Alfred F. Majewicz. "Book Reviews." Research in Language 5 (December 18, 2007): 251–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-007-0013-3.

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Nikolaus P. Himmelmann, Eva F. Schultze-Berndt (eds), Secondary Predication and Adverbial Modification: The Typology of Depictives, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. xxv + 448 pages Edward L. Keenan, Edward P. Stabler, Bare Grammar: Lectures on Linguistic Invariants. Stanford: CSLI Publications, 2003. 192 pp. Siobhan Chapman, Thinking about Language. Theories of English. Houndsmills and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. X + 174 pages. pb (Series: Perspectives on the English Language) Judith Rodby, W. Ross Winterowd, The Uses of Grammar, Oxford: Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. xiv + 274 pp. Laura J. Downing, Alan T. Hall and Renate Raffelsiefen (eds), Paradigms in Phonological Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. 349 pages. Max W. Wheeler, The Phonology of Catalan. (The Phonology of the World’s Languages). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. XI + 387 pp. Jan-Olof Svantesson, Anna Tsendina, Anastasia Karlson, and Vivan Franzén, The Phonology of Mongolian. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Pp. xix + 314. Cliff Goddard, The Languages of East and Southeast Asia. An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. pp. xvi + 315.

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Moberg, Ulla, and Göran Eriksson. "Managing ideological differences in joint political press conferences." Journal of Language and Politics 12, no. 3 (September 27, 2013): 315–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.12.3.01mob.

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This study focuses on Swedish political press conferences and explores the discursive efforts of politicians to express unity despite diverging ideological views. It concerns the use of the first person pronoun ‘we’ (Swedish. we) and is influenced by both dialogue theory and linguistic theories, which highlight the meaning of pronouns in context. The data consist of transcribed web broadcasts of press conferences with the leaders of the four political parties that form the Swedish Government since 2006. Our analysis reveals that a clear-cut use of the personal pronoun ‘we’ can serve the same political purposes as a more ambiguous use, i.e. to show unity while there are differences. The four party leaders are involved in a communicative project of ‘doing unity’ to demonstrate that they are a very capable government.

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Schantz, Otto J., and Keith Gilbert. "An Ideal Misconstrued: Newspaper Coverage of the Atlanta Paralympic Games in France and Germany." Sociology of Sport Journal 18, no. 1 (March 2001): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.18.1.69.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze newspaper coverage of the 1996 Atlanta Paralympics by the French and German press. Drawing on media theories and critical concepts of exclusion and disability. 104 articles from 8 French and German nationwide newspapers were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methodology. The results suggest that performances of athletes with disabilities are of little importance to the French and German sport press. Indeed, the way in which the newspapers reported on the Paralympics misconstrued the ideal of the Paralympic Games. Instead of reporting on the sporting and idealistic aspects of this meeting, the press chose the commercial logic of general news value and focused primarily on national success and medal rankings of the countries.

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Mahmood, Zafar. "Michael E. Porter. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press, 1990. 855 pages. Hardbound. UK£ 25." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i1pp.90-94.

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Trade is a field of economics that is useful for investigating the issue of economic competitiveness. A nation’s advantages in competing against other nations are reflected in its performance in international economic transactions. Earlier theories on trade (Ricardian and Heckscher-Ohlin) analysed a nation’s inter-sectoral comparative advantage. Due to the intuitive appeal of these theories, governments have implemented various policies designed to improve comparative advantage in factor costs by reducing interest rates and resorting to devaluation, special depreciation allowances, export financing, etc. There is now a growing awareness that these theories are unrealistic as to many industries, although they can be useful in explaining broad tendencies apparent in the patterns of trade.

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Wake, Caroline. "Headphone Verbatim Theatre: Methods, Histories, Genres, Theories." New Theatre Quarterly 29, no. 4 (November 2013): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x13000651.

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Created in an American rehearsal room, exported to an English workshop, and developed in Australia, among other places, ‘headphone verbatim theatre’ – also called ‘recorded delivery’ – is a truly global genre. In this article Caroline Wake focuses on the work of two pioneering practitioners, Briton Alecky Blythe and Australian Roslyn Oades, in order to trace the form's history as well as its methods, genres, and theories. In doing so, she considers how audio technology has evolved over the past decade and how the display or disguise of headphones has affected both the production and reception of the form. She identifies three dominant genres of headphone verbatim theatre (the social crisis play, the social justice play, and the social portrait play, as well as three main performance modes – the epic, the naturalistic, and the mixed. The epic has been the most successful thus far, but the naturalistic and mixed modes are, in turn, begetting new ones. Finally, she suggests that in the same way that headphones have rejuvenated verbatim theatre, they might also reinvigorate the discourse on it by offering the opportunity to go beyond the politics of voice and visibility and to turn, instead, to listening. Caroline Wake is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Centre for Modernism Studies in Australia at the University of New South Wales. Her research examines cultural responses to and representations of refugees and asylum-seekers as well as the role of testimony in law, performance, and visual culture. Her work has previously appeared in journals such as Text & Performance Quarterly, Modern Drama, and History & Memory. She is the co-editor, with Bryoni Trezise, of Visions and Revisions: Performance, Memory, Trauma (Museum Tusculanum Press, 2013).

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Embry, Allison. "Sources: The Library Juice Press Handbook of Intellectual Freedom: Concepts, Cases, and Theories." Reference & User Services Quarterly 54, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.54n2.77b.

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Howson, Colin. "Betting on Theories, Patrick Maher. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, xii + 309 pages." Economics and Philosophy 10, no. 2 (October 1994): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026626710000482x.

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Dybvig, Magne. "Theories of Theories of MindPeter Carruthers and Peter K. Smith, editors Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, xv + 390 pp., $54.95, $19.95 paper." Dialogue 38, no. 3 (1999): 642–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300047089.

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Haklai, Oded. "Structuring Conflict in the Arab World: Incumbents, Opponents, and Institutions." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 1 (March 2006): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906349992.

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Structuring Conflict in the Arab World: Incumbents, Opponents, and Institutions, Ellen Lust-Okar, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 279.For a very long time, the scholarship on Middle Eastern politics has suffered from scarce use of the analytical tools provided by the field of comparative politics. The result has too often been descriptive research in the anthropological style. Such studies lacked the rigour necessary for providing cumulative knowledge and theoretical insight. In recent years, however, an increasing number of scholars have been recognizing the value of complementing their in-depth knowledge of the region with appropriate social science theories. New theoretically oriented scholarship—produced by Mark Tessler (Area Study and Social Science, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999), Carrie Wickham Rosefsky (Mobilizing Islam, New York: Columbia University Press, 2002), Quintan Wikorowitcz (Islamic Activism, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004), Eva Bellin (Stalled Democracy, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002), Lisa Anderson (Transition to Democracy, New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), and a few others—filled such a need that, as a result of their publication, knowledge of Middle Eastern politics has taken a great leap forward since the early 2000s.

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Mendoza, Gabrielle Ann S., and Rogelio Alicor L. Panao. "Does public approval shape news? Competing legitimacies and news headlines in the Philippines from Ramos to Aquino III." International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies 17, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/ijaps2021.17.1.2.

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Can a president’s high public approval, vis-à-vis competing coordinate institutions, shape press coverage of political events? Testing theories of executive scandals, this paper argues that in the context of Philippine presidential democracy, presidential satisfaction shapes the production of political events more than the presence of other policy issues competing for broadsheet space. Using logistic regression models to analyse the news headlines appearing in two major broadsheets in the Philippines from 1992 to 2016, the study finds that presidents whose approval ratings are low compared to Congress are an easy target for the opposition and a much more attractive topic for sensational news by the press. With a much smaller circle of supporters for the president, there is also less risk for the opposition and the press collaborating or colluding in the production of political events. The press, in contrast, tends to be conservative in reporting political events when the public mood is generally supportive of the Philippine chief executive.

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Hirsch, Alexander V. "Theory Driven Bias in Ideal Point Estimates—A Monte Carlo Study." Political Analysis 19, no. 1 (2011): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpq028.

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This paper analyzes the use of ideal point estimates for testing pivot theories of lawmaking such as Krehbiel's (1998, Pivotal politics: A theory of U.S. lawmaking. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago) pivotal politics and Cox and McCubbins's (2005, Setting the Agenda: Responsible Party Government in the U.S. House of Representations. New York: Cambridge University Press) party cartel model. Among the prediction of pivot theories is that all pivotal legislators will vote identically on all successful legislation. Clinton (2007, Lawmaking and roll calls. Journal of Politics 69:455–67) argues that the estimated ideal points of the pivotal legislators are therefore predicted to be statistically indistinguishable and false when estimated from the set of successful final passage roll call votes, which implies that ideal point estimates cannot logically be used to test pivot theories. I show using Monte Carlo simulation that when pivot theories are augmented with probabilistic voting, Clinton's prediction only holds in small samples when voting is near perfect. I furthermore show that the predicted bias is unlikely to be consequential with U.S. Congressional voting data. My analysis suggests that the methodology of estimating ideal points to compute theoretically relevant quantities for empirical tests is not inherently flawed in the case of pivot theories.

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Utemissov, Z. Z., and N. Zh Koshkenov. "Kazakhstan media challenges in the context of media and government relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Journalism Series 134, no. 1 (2021): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7174-2021-134-1-37-51.

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The article examines the main aspects of interaction between the authorities and the media in modern Kazakhstan. The main mechanisms of state influence on the media have been studied, the level of freedom of the local press and its role as an independent conductor between society and the state have been investigated. Due to the press reflects the system of social control through which the relationship between individuals and social stereotypes is regulated, there are examined the main models and theories of the media in the context of the everyday functioning of the media. The authors considered media models and theories in terms of their relevance to the ways in which the state and the media relate to each other. As an example, there is considered experience of Qatar state in the creation of the Al-Jazeera TV channel, which has become the pioneer of a new formation of visual media for the Middle East. As a result, there have been identified elements of similarity of the information environment in Qatar and Kazakhstan and the possibility of creating «Al-Jazeera», proceeding from the realities of the political situation in our country.

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Murphy, M. Lynne. "Dirk Geeraerts, Theories of lexical semantics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Pp. xix+341." Journal of Linguistics 47, no. 1 (February 9, 2011): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226710000447.

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Racevskis, Karlis. "BOOK REVIEW: Mustapha Marrouchi.Signifying with a Vengeance: Theories, Literatures, Storytellers. Albany: SUNY Press, 2002." Research in African Literatures 34, no. 4 (December 2003): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2003.34.4.182.

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Epp, Roger. "Formal Theories in International RelationsMichael Nicholson Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. xiii, 254." Canadian Journal of Political Science 23, no. 1 (March 1990): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900012130.

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Auchter, Jessica. "Theories of International Politics and Zombies. By Daniel W. Drezner. (Princeton University Press, 2011.)." Journal of Politics 73, no. 4 (October 2011): 1296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002238161100106x.

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Ostini, Jennifer, and Anthony Y. H. Ostini. "Beyond the Four Theories of the Press: A New Model of National Media Systems." Mass Communication and Society 5, no. 1 (February 2002): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327825mcs0501_4.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Press Theories'

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