Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pressage (Métallurgie des poudres)'
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Pelletier, François. "Développement d'un système intégré de conception d'outillage pour le pressage en métallurgie des poudres." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq33736.pdf.
Full textFourcade, Julien. "Etude de la mise en forme par pressage uni-axial des poudres de combustible nucléaire." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20193.
Full textGauvin, Kathleen. "Amélioration de la conception de l'outillage pour le pressage de pièces en métallurgie des poudres." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0014/MQ56747.pdf.
Full textBouassida, Slim. "Développement de techniques de pressage de poudre en alliage d'aluminium." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28177/28177.pdf.
Full textStocky, Robin. "Etude du traitement de poudres et influence des caractéristiques obtenues sur la transparence de céramiques du type spinelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0015.
Full textThis work aims to elaborate the benefits of transparent ceramics in ballistic protection systemswhich are employed by the military in their vehicles. The main focus lies on improving bothoptical and mechanical properties as well as reducing the weight of the system as a whole.Substituting the standard multilayered front glass panel with a polycrystalline ceramic, suchas the spinel MgAl2O4 used in this work, considerably improves its ballistic performance, whilesimultaneously reducing its mass and volume. In order to achieve these improved properties,which most commonly result from a fine-grained microstructure, a very fine grained andreactive powder is used. However, the use of such powders raises additional difficulties inshaping and homogeneous sintering, all of which have a negative effect on the transparency ofthe ceramic. The first focus of this study is the selection of an appropriate powder, carried outby comparison of multiple commercially available powders. This following step highlightedthe rheological and morphological particularities of the examined powders, necessary for theshaping of ceramics, and influencing the sintering and thus the final transparency, such asgranular rearrangement, specific surface area or permeability. Once the spinel powder hadbeen chosen, a processing study was carried out on it, exploiting its agglomeration to obtain avisibility transparent ceramic with a fine microstructure. Since some nanopowders presentedwith difficulties in shaping, further optimization of different treatment methods (use of afreeze dryer, an oven or a spray dryer) in combination with appropriate sintering approacheswere explored. Ultimately, by combining a spray dryer and a PEG additive, the study resultedin the production of a transparent spinel ceramic with a fine microstructure (grain size of4-5 µm) and an in-line transmission of 71% at 650 nm. A parallel study on strengtheningthe transparent spinel by introducing various additives, such as nanodiamond, alumina, andzirconia was also carried out. The primary objective was to improve the mechanical propertiesof the spinel, while keeping its optical properties untouched. The addition of a secondaryphase as reinforcement raised many difficulties, mainly due to the size disparity, differentrefractive index of the spinel and potential unwanted reactions that can occur during sintering.Lastly, the final study focused on complex shaping of spinel ceramics for ballistic protection.As a prerequisite, a complete examination of the spinel’s suspension and its behaviour duringshaping had to be performed. The new findings validated liquid shaping as a viable solutionto achieve transparent 3D profiles, while the classic uniaxial pressing route did not yield anyconclusive results. Each of the studies was based on the morphology of the powder and itsevolution during shaping and sintering. The results were obtained through microstructuraland rheological studies as well as the evaluation of optical and mechanical properties
Gajdowski, Caroline. "Élaboration de spinelle MgAl2O4 transparent par frittage naturel et post-HIP pour des applications en protections balistiques." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0022/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the improvement and the lightening of transparent ballistic armours. The conventional use of glass provides high efficiency against a projectile, however associated with a heavy and thick armour. The replacement of the strike face by a polycrystalline ceramic, such as MgAl2O4 spinel, leads to a performance gain and a decrease of the protection volume. The development of this material requires the combination of a high optical quality in the visible domain and high mechanical properties. In this work, pressureless sintering under vacuum of a high purity commercial powder allowed to minimize the addition of impurities, detrimental to the transparency, and the grain growth phenomenon. An additional step of hot isostatic pressing was necessary to eliminate residual porosity and to obtain transparent spinel with high optical quality (80% at 400-800 nm, t = 2 mm, Ø21 mm). An analysis of the microstructure before and after the post-treatment made it possible to determine the link between the grain and pore sizes before post-sintering and the observed grain growth during this treatment. An optimisation of the process was established in order to restrain the grain size increase, and thus to obtain a homogeneous microstructure (~ 12 μm). After a successful up-scaling of the samples (t = 4 mm, Ø60 mm), several spinel samples with distinctive microstructural and mechanical properties were selected in order to evaluate their performances through ballistic tests
Baklouti, Samir. "Pressage de poudres d'alumine atomisées : influence des liants organiques sur l'aptitude au pressage." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0005.
Full textZhao, Yajun. "Consolidation des poudres métalliques par des déformations plastiques extrêmes : torsion sous haute pression : expériences et modélisations." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0104.
Full textSevere plastic deformation (SPD) processes can impose extremely large strains to a metal and transforming the metallurgical state of the material by introducing high dislocation density and high level of microstructure refinement. In the present thesis work High Pressure Torsion (HPT) experiments were performed for consolidation of different powders including Nano- and Micro- scaled iron powders. The experiments were carried out successfully at room temperature, achieving both low level of residual porosity and significant grain refinement, thanks to the intense shear strain and hydrostatic pressure applied in HPT. The compaction was done in two steps: first axial compaction, then shear deformation by rotating the bottom part of the HPT die while maintaining the axial force constant. The homogeneity of shear strain across the thickness of the disk was examined by local strain measurement, showing a gradient distribution. X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out on the consolidated samples which revealed no significant proportion of oxides. The effect of shear deformation on the microstructure and texture was investigated by metallographic scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The micro-hardness and average porosity of the samples as a function of shear strain at constant hydrostatic pressure were also measured. A modeling frame implemented into the Taylor model was developed to simulate the effect of Grain Boundary Sliding (GBS) on the evolution of crystallographic texture. The main effect found is a shift of the ideal orientations under simple shear conditions, which was verified experimentally. The consolidation process by HPT was simulated numerically using the finite element method together with a powder plasticity model. The simulation of the consolidation process permitted to confirm the experimentally observed average residual porosity and the different gradients in the plastic strain. The local density distribution was also modeled
Ben, Romdhane Mohamed Ramzi. "Nouveaux auxiliaires organiques pour le pressage de poudres d'alumines atomisées." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5505a06a-ec3e-49da-8347-8c14e89e78c2/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0016.pdf.
Full textThe forming of advanced ceramics generally requires the use of organic additives, in order to confer to the system desired properties of flow and cohesion. The introduction of different organics in the ceramic suspension often involves interactions not only between the additives and the particles but also between the additives themselves. In the spray-drying process of powders for die pressing, the weak adsorption of the binder in comparison to that of the dispersant generates a heterogeneous distribution of the organic phase in the ceramic green part. The aims of this study is the definition and the synthesis of new polymers, which would carry two functions in order to confer both the role of binder and dispersant. A particular attention is paid in on hand, on the comprehension of the phenomena of interaction between these copolymers and the surface of the alumina powders in aqueous suspension with the study of the adsorption isotherms, the electrokinetic and rheological properties and, in the other hand, on the effect of these interactions on the state of dispersion of the powders. The mechanical properties of green parts pressed using spray dried powders with the synthesized copolymers are evaluated and discussed according to the nature copolymers
Mathonnet, Jean-Eric. "Compaction et écoulement des milieux granulaires cohésifs assistés par vibrations : application au remplissage des moules de presse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4729.
Full textIn the framework of the ASTRID project, the nuclear fuel production process by powder metallurgy, for Fast Neutron Reactors, is revisited in order to be simplified. In particular, we seek to remove the mechanical granulation step of the powder which gives a good flow behavior during the filling of press molds. The aim is to reach a spontaneous and quick powder flow through a hole in which the powder does not flow without external energy. Furthermore, the powder alternates between flow phases during the filling of press molds, and non-flow phases during the compaction and ejection of the pellet.We hence apply horizontal vibrations to ensure the flow of the powder through the press mold. The vibrations help the powder to flow and increase the production rates. However, they have the disadvantage to compact the powder and delay the future flows, during the non-flow phases. The art of filling the press mold assisted by vibrations is to master / control the ambivalent nature of the vibrations.The remarkable packing fraction evolution of actinides powders, during the non-flow phases, allows us to define a simple 1D stochastic model to understand the compaction kinetics. The comparison of the stochastic model with the empirical compaction laws found in the literature helps us to identify the physical meaning of fitting parameters proposed by the empirical models. Furthermore, we have also proposed a new compaction law with two-stretched exponentials. This new law not only reflects the compaction kinetics of actinides powders, but also of all the compaction data we found in the literature
Dessieux, Roger. "Élaboration d'aciers au chrome par métallurgie des poudres." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112208.
Full textEmeruwa, Edjikémé. "Compressibilité des poudres : influence de la morphologie des poudres et action d'une impulsion ultrasonore." Limoges, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIMO0069.
Full textSchmittbiel, Jean-Marc. "Modes de recristallisation après forgeage isotherme d'un superalliage élaboré par métallurgie des poudres." ENSMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP1006.
Full textMorvan, Adrien. "Matériaux Composites Cuivre/Carbone 2D élaborés par Métallurgie des Poudres." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0043.
Full textSince several years, society has become more and more energy-consuming. This increase goes hand in hand with the progress of access to energy, continuous world population growth, the improvement of life quality and the development of new technologies. According to the International Energy Agency, an increase of this consumption of the order of 30 % is planned before 2040. About 40 % of this additional consumption could be satisfied by electricity; what will have a strong impact on the distribution of energy. For the company Schneider Electric, world specialist of the management of energy and automatisms, the distribution of electrical energy is mainly assured by copper bars and wires. This metal is widely used for many connecting organs, called 2D objects, which are used to connect and disconnect devices. The main problem of these elements is their dissipation of energy by Joule effect when passing electric current. Thus, this thesis work consisted in the elaboration and study of a new generation of electrical and/or thermal plane (2D) conductor in the objective to overcome this problem. To this end, a new methodology for manufacturing Cu/2D C composite materials has been developed. It consists of a powders pre-treatment step, a new mixing technique and a shaping of the material by uniaxial hot compression. Various types of metal powders (dendritic copper and copper platelet) and carbonaceous powders (graphite, multi-layer graphene, graphene oxide) were studied. The orientation of reinforcement within the metal matrix and the interface between these two components have been optimized. This methodology, combined with physico-chemical characterizations of materials and theoretical models, provided a better understanding of the key parameters for obtaining a material with improved physical properties. Thus, the Cu/2D C materials developed during this thesis show, depending on the type of reinforcement, an increase in mechanical properties (from 36% to 120% for the Vickers hardness), an improvement in thermal conductivity (from 8% to 56%) and an electrical resistivity consistent with the properties of copper, the reference material
Buisson, Laurent. "Phénomènes physicochimiques intervenant dans la fabrication du béryllium par métallurgie des poudres." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS059.
Full textBounhoure, Valérie. "Frittage en phase solide des alliages WC-Co : influence du rapport C/W et de l'ajout de Cr." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0115.
Full textThis work aims at understanding the effect of the C/W ratio and of Cr addition on the solid-state sintering of WC-Co cemented carbides. Four alloys with low or high C-content and with or without Cr were studied from the macroscopic to the atomic scale. A macroscopic study was done to determine the different steps of sintering, the evolution of the phases in the alloys and the effect of the C/W ratio and of a Cr addition on the densification. Qualitative and quantitative microscopic observations were performed at three important stages of the densification of the alloys. They were linked to the shrinkage behaviour of the alloys. Finally, the influence of the C/W ratio on the beginning of the densification was explained through a detailed study of the WC/Co interface structure related to interface-energy calculations coming from literature. The orientation between Co and WC was determined and the interfaces were characterized at the atomic scale
Saadi, Mohammed. "Elaboration, compactage et frittage de poudres amorphes chimiques NiP." Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Saadi.Mohammed.SMZ9648.pdf.
Full textWe have elaborated five powders of NiP with 8% at P et 17% at P. The chemical and physical parameters are kept constant except concentration of phosphorus into bath. The powders obtained with this new technique are identified amorphous with X rays. We have tried to caracterize behaviour of different powder during uniaxial compacting stage. There are two stages during compaction, the first one for low pressure compacting (300 à 600 MPa) when the aprticles of powder undergo arrangement, second stage for high pressure was attributed to the plastic deformation of powder particles. Stereology made it possible to caracterize internal structure, to describe behaviour, physics and mechanics properties of conglomerate of powder compacted till ultimate of sinttering. During temperature rising, we have attained 95% of theorical density for all compacted at high pressure. We could bring to the fore one transition of amorphous-crystal phase at 300°C with measurements of electrical resistivity for all compacted, second transition became visible at 500°C for powder at 12% at P and 17% at P who cristalization it made of two stages, precipitation of Ni then Ni3P and growth within material. Vickers Microhardness and Young module evolved well with rising temperature
Traianidis, Maria. "Synthèse hydrothermale et caractérisation de poudres PZT." Valenciennes, 2000. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1ef79abf-c9fe-4d9b-9119-24913f296392.
Full textLe, Hô Anne-Solenn. "Effet de l'adjonction de bore sur les mécanismes de frittage de poudres d'un superalliage base nickel : application aux procédés de brasage-diffusion pour le rechargement de pièces des turbines aéronautiques." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2263.
Full textThis work deals with the development of new braze powders, called "monocomponent" powders, by mechanical milling. The configuration of such powders implies they are made of nickel-based superalloy particles (Astroloy), whose the surface is sown by boron. During a convenient thermal process, this adjunction of boron has to lead to the formation of a nickel-boron-cobalt eutectic liquid phase possible, thanks to rapid interdiffusion of boron, cobalt and nickel base. The aim is to obtain filler powders more homogeneous, compared to the powders at the moment used (RBD powders : blend of Astroloy and NiCoSiB powders). Then it should be possible to get a better control on the residual eutectic phase fraction, the main inconvenient of such phase being to lower local mechanical properties in repair and joining. Another economic advantage hoped with the "monocomponent" powders is the reduction of costs, made possible by the suppression of extensive NiCoSiB powders utilisation. Furthermore from a more fundamental point of view, it is interesting to study the behaviour during the sintering of "monocomponent" powders, particularly by understanding the part of boron in sintering and densification mechanisms. This approach is considered as a required way to specify conditions of self-brazing preforms production, this point is the second industrial aim of this study. The conditions of "monocomponent" powders implementation in surfacing and joining processes, which is one of the Snecma-Services important research and development field, were also studied. Joint strength of assemblies achieved by insertion of paste or self-brazing preforms has been also studied by creep tests
Bui, Quang Hien. "Polycristaux à grains ultrafins élaborés par métallurgie des poudres : microstructures, propriètés mécaniques et modélisation micromécanique." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132029.
Full textThe general principles underlying the processing of high strength, and ductile, metallic materials have been understood since the beginning of the development of dislocation theory. If ductility necessitates a reasonable mobility of dislocations, strengthening is related to the building of obstacles restricting their propagation. Within this framework the present work focuses on the effect of grain size. To this end, due to their versatility, powder metallurgy routes such as HIP and SPS have been used to process a wide range of Nickel based microstructures, whose effects on the macroscopic behavior has been studied by quasi static compression tests at room temperature. In parallel, since the grain size alone neither defines the microstructure nor characterizes the mechanical behavior of metallic polycrystals, we have developed a micromechanical model that is based on a generalized self-consistent approach to shed light on the effect of microstructural parameters such as the grain size and its statistical distribution on the macroscopic behavior
Thomas, Thierry. "Contribution à la compréhension des phénomènes physiques et métallurgiques intervenant pendant la consolidation dynamique de poudre." Paris, ENMP, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENMP0359.
Full textMastorakis, Avraam. "Mise en alliage mécanique de nitrures et de solutions solides à l'azote." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10076.
Full textTaha, Mohamed. "Elaboration et caractérisation des poudres de zircone." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0084.
Full textCeramics are known to have interesting properties such as resistance to wear and to corrosion. They also have a remarkable chemical stability, and are known to be good refractory materials. Th us, their industrial use spreads more and more. Zirconia is the must large! y used in car Industry, cutting technology and even as biomaterial. However, its field of application is limited because of its brittleness. The tetragonal zirconia polycristals (T Z P) are the most interesting zirconia ceramics, because of their exceptional mechanical properties : their bending strength reaches 1000 MPa, toughness exceeds 10 MPa m1/2. A joint program has been established [laboratory of material science of the Polytechnic Institute of Torino (Ital y), Chemical process laboratory of Mining School of St Etienne (France), Mineral chemistry laboratory n° III of Claude Bernard University Lyon (France)], in order to improve the synthesis process used to produce T Z P powders. The compaction and sintering behaviour of T Z P powders of different origins was studied, and compared to the compaction and sintering ability of commercial zirconia powder (Tosoh- Japan). We have also tried to optimize the synthesis process of zirconia prepared from acetate solutions in order to obtain better mechanical properties
Azzouz, Fayçal. "Frittage de mélanges de poudres d'alumine sous champ micro-onde." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT016H.
Full textVo, Van André. "Modélisation numérique et expérimentale du procédé de frittage en métallurgie des poudres." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0004/MQ33777.pdf.
Full textBlais, Carl. "Contributions à l'amélioration de l'usinabilité de pièces fabriquées par métallurgie des poudres." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0008/NQ60931.pdf.
Full textTaktek, Mohamed Hatem. "Optimisation du traitement thermomécanique de pièces d'acier fabriquées par métallurgie des poudres." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26772.
Full textPowder forging allows us to achieve a very high densification neighbouring that of full density causing a substantial improvement in final mechanical properties of the parts, particularly the fatigue strength. The approach advocated to improve this critical performance of powder forging parts is to optimize metallurgical characteristics and density simultaneously. In this regard, a novel PM steel powder was developed and characterized. The strategy relied on the utilization of prealloyed microalloying elements such as vanadium and niobium. To do this, we have optimized the primordial parameter of this operation, which is the forging temperature, to obtain a fine grain size at the end of the processing cycle carried out accompanied by a higher density of forged parts. A series of heat treatment over a range of temperature between 900 °C to 1250 °C was performed which allowed us later measure the evolution of grain size between this new alloy and a reference PM steel as a function of the austenitizing temperature. The difference in chemical composition between the two alloys had a fairly significant impact on their final grain size. The comparative study of these two materials allowed us to identify the most appropriate forging temperature for this type of pieces, to determine the most efficient alloy and therefore to identify the methodology to follow according to the mechanical properties and microstructure.
Chausse, Claire. "Etude du frittage en phase solide d'un alliage base tungstène. Influence du broyage des poudres." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0038.
Full textGasc, Geneviève. "Etude de la densification par extrusion à chaud de poudres métalliques de nuance 304L : mise en évidence du rôle des oxydes de surface." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOS061.
Full textCharmond, Sylvain. "Développement d'un four micro-ondes monomode et frittage de poudres céramique et métallique." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0115.
Full textFor almost 30 years, microwave processing has been applied to sinter various ceramic powders, and most recently to sinter metallic powdered parts. However, such heating process, which results from the absorption of an oscillating electromagnetic field, remains not fully understood. A single-mode microwave cavity was developed for a better understanding of the microwave/material interactions. In this furnace, the green parts can be heated up under predominent electric or magnetic field. A new microwave heating procedure was proposed to control a thermal cycle. Microwave sintering of ceramic (yttria-doped zirconia 2Y-TZP) and metallic (pure nickel) powders was compared to conventional processing. The effects of the electromagnetic field on the kinetics of densification and on the microstructure development were analysed and discussed
Sow, Alioune. "Étude de la purification des poudres de silicium destinées à la fabrication de substrats frittés pour des applications photovoltaïques." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT2316.
Full textThe major challenge facing the photovoltaic industry is to find ways to produce solar cells with high conversion efficiency and low production cost. The manufacture of silicon substrates for photovoltaic applications by sintering silicon powders is one of promising solutions for this challenge. These sintered substrates can be used directly after a recrystallization step as active layer of the solar cell. Prepared from silicon powder metallurgical grade (Si-MG), they can also serve as substrates for crystalline silicon thin-film (c-Si TF) solar cells. However, the metallic impurities present in the substrate can diffuse into the active layer during the different thermal steps involved in the cell production and thus degrade the performance. Furthermore, an important oxygen impurity can affect the mechanical strength of the substrates and limit its electrical conductivity. The main objective of these thesis works is the development and optimization of a purification process of the powders and sintered silicon and to understand the physical and chemical processes that control the reaction. During this work, optimal conditions for preparation and treatment minimizing silicon powders oxidation have been found. This allows obtaining a good mechanical strength of sintered and so to implement the purification reactions including oxidation is an obstacle major. The development of a technique for purifying metallurgical silicon powders in solid state in the presence of chlorine gas allows reducing by over 90% the metallic impurities initially present in the powder. Some impurities such as Ti and Mn are reduced drastically already at 900°C while the reduction iron (Fe) concentrations for example, is more effective from 1100° C. The out-diffusion model developed was used to predict the evolution of the impurities content in the powders and to understand the removal mechanisms of these impurities. The development of experimental protocols to minimize sources of contamination during the sintering process has led to a reduction in the concentration of light elements (C, O) in the sintered material of 95%. We also know that recrystallization treatment through the melting of the sintered material dramatically reduces the levels of impurities in the substrate; this heat treatment used to improve the crystalline quality allows in particular reducing the levels of oxygen and metallic impurities. Contrariwise carbon and doping impurities do not change after recrystallization. Finally realizing solar cells on sintered substrates obtained by using the protocols of powders preparation and the treatments of recrystallization, we have shown that the sintered substrates allow obtaining functional solar cells
Brochin, Frédéric. "Nanocomposites bismuth-silice : élaboration, caractérisation microstructurale et propriétés de transport." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL015N.
Full textRebeyrat, Stéphane. "Influence d'un traitement de phosphatation sur le comportement en oxydation haute température et sur la consolidation par compression uniaxiale et frittage de poudres de fer." La Rochelle, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LAROS091.
Full textIn order to prevent corrosion, surface coatings or treatments can only be effective if they cover uniformly the surface to be protected. Any surface deterioration can be very prejudicial. Within the techniques of powder metallurgy, it is possible to permute two stages of the process. If the treatment is carried out on a metal powder before compaction, one can obtain the equivalent of a inner treatment of the material. This study was devoted to the influence of a phosphatizing treatment on consolidation and on the behavior against high temperature oxidation of iron powders. The various elements making possible to characterize the coating (XRD, XPS and TEM) showed that this one had a low thickness and an amorphous structure made up of long polyphosphate chains connected between them by iron ions. In the range of 250ʿC-700ʿC and under artificial air, the treatment of phosphatizing clearly slows down the oxidation kinetics of iron powders. Two distinct stages are clearly highlighted. The deceleration of the oxidation of phosphated powders occurs only during the initial stage during which the formation haematite -Fe2O3 is favored. The second stage follows a process close to the oxidation of untreated iron. The oxidation of compacted and sintered agglomerates reveals that the initial treatment of phosphatizing gets an improvement of oxidation resistance less significant compared with the massive or powder samples. Nevertheless no modification of behavior during compaction can be detected when the powder grains are treated. Moreover, the apparent mechanical properties of the agglomerates increase in this last case. During sintering, the phosphate coating plays a role of a binder which involves a reinforcement of the mechanical characteristics
Ramond, Laure. "Etude comparative du frittage SPS et du pressage à chaud pour la densification de matériaux pulvérulents." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10113/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD thesis is the evaluation of a new technique of sintering, the spark plasma sintering (SPS), compared to a more conventional one, employed by Saint-Gobain, the hot-pressing (HP). The significant difference between both techniques is the way to heat. By HP, it is done by internal resistances of the HP furnace. The sample is heated by thermal conduction (from the die to the powder compact). By SPS, a pulsed direct current goes trough the compaction system and/or the powder compact. It provides the heating by Joule effect and thermal conduction. The SPS heating rates could reach 600 °C/min, versus 20 - 30 °C/min by HP, reducing drastically the duration of thermal cycles. To highlight a possible current effect, generated by SPS, different pulverulent materials having different electrical conductivities have been selected (soda-lime glass, quasicrystals, doped-zirconia and copper). The comparison between SPS and HP has been done on the microstructural observation of sintered samples and on identification of densification mechanisms. It has been shown that, for materials less conductive than the die in graphite, current goes through the die and has no effect on the microstructure nor on densification mechanisms of the powder compact. For copper, a more conductive material than graphite, both microstructures and densification mechanisms are different for SPS and HP. Current probably goes trough the powder compact
Thomazic, Aurélie. "Elaboration de multimatériaux multifonctionnels par métallurgie des poudres – Mécanismes de frittage de bimatériaux." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468835.
Full textLeclerc, Hugo. "Modélisation, simulations et expérimentations des processus d'agglomération et densification de poudres : application au frittage sélectif par laser." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2056.
Full textOlmos, Navarrete Luis Rafael. "Étude du frittage de poudres par microtomographie in situ et modélisation discrète." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0006.
Full textSolid state sintering of powders is investigated by miscellaneous experimental and modelling methods. Densification kinetics of several systems based on copper powders is first measured by dilatometry. These materials are next observed by in situ microtomography at Grenoble synchrotron. From quantitative analysis of the 3D images obtained, the parameters characterizing their microstructural changes are followed throughout sintering. Modelling of the sintering of the same materials are finally achieved with dp3D discrete element code, which simulates random assemblies of particles interacting at the contacts between each other. The conjunction of experimental and numerical allows evaluating the influence of collective phenomena, as rearrangement, in relation with material heterogeneities (particle size distribution, packing defects ans inert inclusions) on the sintering process
Langlois, Cyril. "Le Cuivre nanostructuré massif : élaboration par métallurgie des poudres et étude du comportement mécanique." Phd thesis, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007715.
Full textNous avons montré qu'il est possible d'obtenir un cuivre nanostructuré massif et de dimensions significatives à partir de la métallurgie des poudres nanocristallines. Les étapes de l'élaboration sont détaillées dans ce travail. Il s'agit de la synthèse des poudres nanocristallines de cuivre, leur compaction, le frittage et l'extrusion hydrostatique différentielle. La microstructure du matériau à chaque étape de l'élaboration est ici étudiée par diffraction des rayons X et microscopie électronique à balayage et en transmission. La caractérisation après extrusion montre que la déformation engendrée repose sur l'activité de dislocations.
A partir des échantillons massifs obtenus, nous avons étudié les propriétés mécaniques du matériau. En traction, il apparaît que la déformation se fait à un niveau de contrainte élevé (400 MPa) et de manière homogène sans voir apparaître de striction. L'élongation maximum obtenue est de 12 %, avec une rupture ductile, sur une éprouvette de dimensions conventionnelles. La sensibilité de la contrainte à la vitesse de déformation a été étudiée en compression. Le cuivre nanostructuré montre un comportement très dépendant de la vitesse de déformation en comparaison avec du cuivre microstructuré. Cette tendance est confirmée par des expériences de nanoindentation.
La microstructure après essai mécanique, étudiée en microscopie électronique en transmission, permet de préciser l'activité des dislocations dans le matériau. Le rôle des dislocations dans les joints de grains est prépondérant, ainsi que la présence majoritaire de sources de dislocations dans les joints de grains. Cette étude a permis l'ébauche d'un mécanisme de déformation.
Housaer, François. "Elaboration et caractérisation de composites Aluminium/Nanotubes de Carbone obtenus par métallurgie des poudres." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10003/document.
Full textPowder metallurgy routes allow the synthesis below the melting temperature of composites with notable properties. Due to the combination of the aluminum (Al) low density and the excellent mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT), Al/CNT composites might be promising materials for various fields such as aerospace and automotive. However, the improvement of mechanical properties requires the control of the microstructure and especially of grain boundaries. Indeed, high density and uniform distribution of carbon nanotubes in the matrix are necessary conditions for mechanical strengthening. A protocol was developed in order to ensure the nanotubes disentanglement and dispersion within the aluminum powder. Its high efficiency was characterized by microscopy technics and its impact on the composites mechanical properties was highlighted. The powders are sintered by two methods: hot pressing and spark plasma sintering. The study of grain boundaries highlights the influence of sintering parameters (time, temperature, technique) on the Al-CNT system reactivity. Thus, an aluminum carbides formation mechanism involving crystallization and cracking of the oxide layer at the aluminum grains surface is proposed. Finally, various parameters such as the CNT content, sintering conditions and techniques used and the prior ball milling of the composite powders are related to the improvement of the aluminum mechanical strength
Azar, Mirella. "Mise en forme et frittage des poudres de céramique nanostructurées : cas d'une alumine de transistion." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0065/these.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to produce a fully dense nanostructured alumina ceramics from transition alumina nanopowders, via natural sintering. This alumina is metastable and this metastability may have a critical influence on the sintering behaviour. Furthermore, the transformation into the stable phase is indeed accompanied by vermicular microstructures entrapping a high proportion of intragranular pores. The effect of two forming method, i) cold isostatic pressing and ii) slip casting, on particle packing and the consequent effects on densification, phase transformation, sintering have been studied. For the same initial green density (62 % ±1 %), the samples prepared by slip casting present a better homogeneity of particle packing, du to an optimal dispersion of particles in the slurry. This initial microstructure feature improves the particle rearrangement during the transition to the -alumina and hence enhances the transformation to the thermodynamic stable phase. This rearrangement results in better densification of the compact, which then promotes the sintering of -alumina. Despite the enhancement in the density for the slip casted compact (98 %) by comparison to the pressed one (79 %), the microstructure obtained have a grain size larger than 1 µm. In order to reduce the final grain size, sintering parameters were optimised by studying the effect of heating rate and treatment at lower temperature. It was shown that the formation of vermicular microstructure, which the presence hinders the densification, can be avoided during the phase transformation. This is possible by a heat treatment at low temperature (950 °C) on a slip casted compact. A compact of -alumina with a high density (58%) and small particle size (~30 nm) (same as the initial size of the powder) was obtained. The sintering of alumina with vermicular microstructure or small particles (~30 nm) gives a final microstructure with a density of 98 % and grain size of 2 µm whatever the sintering trajectory for the same particle packing
Grafoute, Moussa. "Etude des propriétés structurales et modélisations de poudres nanostructurées de fer obtenues par broyage mécanique." Le Mans, 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA1016.pdf.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of the structural and magnetic properties of nanostructured powders of pure iron obtained by mechanical grinding in a planetary ball mill in argon atmosphere. The analysis by 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry and X-ray diffraction versus grinding time allows to characterize both the structural and microstructural nature of these powders. The study by X-ray diffraction indicates an average size of crystalline grains bcc-Fe estimated at 13 nm, separated by grain boundaries, the atomic proportion of which makes possible an estimate of their thickness at 0. 7 nm. The hyperfine structure observed on the Mössbauer spectra shows the presence of only one sextet narrow lines, unambiguously attributed to bcc-Fe crystalline grains. On the contrary, both ZFC and FC magnetic measurements show at low temperature magnetic a freezing consistent with the presence of grain boundaries. In order to describe the structure of these nanostructured iron powders and the role of the grain boundaries, Monte-Carlo calculations based on the "Embedded Atom Method" have been developed. This method allows us to describe a realistic granular structure built up of randomly crystalline grains linked by grain boundaries. The technique consists in carrying out simulated annealing using a method of modified thermostat to account for the history of the sample (metastable structures obtained by mechanical milling). Numeric calculations give evidence for a structural configuration at the interface which is, neither bcc, nor fcc type, but consistent with the experimental results
Ibaseta, Nelson. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de l'émission d'aérosols ultrafins lors du déversement de poudres nanostructurées." Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000612/.
Full textThe production of nanoparticles (< 100 nm) has been evolving largely since the last decade. New questions arise about the risks for human health and for the environment when producing, handling and using nanoparticles. The aim of this work is to propose new approaches and methodologies for the study of ultrafine aerosol emission by free falling nanostructured powders. A nanodustiness test has been built up for the aerosols generated by three free falling nanopowders: TiO2, SiO2 and Al2O3. Aerosol concentration and size distribution have been measured by an Electric Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPI). In all cases, a bimodal aerosol is observed. One of the aerosol populations corresponds to the nanostructured micrometric agglomerates that constitute the powder. The other one corresponds to ultrafine aggregates, coming from micrometric agglomerates breakage. The height of fall and the dropped mass have a significant influence on the resuspension of micrometric agglomerates, but not a noticeable significant effect on the ultrafine concentration, which is much more affected by the agglomerate structure. Ultrafine aggregates have been observed by Scanning Electron Microscope and an image treatment has been carried out for SiO2 agglomerates. The results show that agglomerates have a two-level structure, with quite open aggregates (Df=1. 9), which are agglomerated in a much more compact way (Df=2. 6). There is hence a relation between the production process and the powder structure which is itself correlated to the quantity of nanoparticles generared by free falling. An Euler-Lagrange approach has been used to model the free fall of a dilute particle cluster in a viscous fluid initially at rest. Results show that, even in the viscous regime (Red£1), there is a particle leakage leading to cluster destabilization
El, Kabir Tarik. "Etude de matériaux composites à matrice base Al renforcés par des particules Al-Cu-Fe." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2342.
Full textQuasicrystalline (QC) materials exhibit remarkable mechanical properties at low and intermediate temperatures, such as high hardness together with high elastic modulus. One of the potential applications of QC materials is to use them as the reinforcement phase of composite materials. This study reports about processing, microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-based metal matrix composites (MMC) reinforced by QC particles. Five Al-based MMC were produced using the gas pressure infiltration technique. Al3Mg2, Al, Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Mg-Si matrices were used. They were reinforced by 50 % vol. Fraction of Al-Cu-Fe QC particles. The as-produced composites are rather complex and various phases are formed during the production process. These phases were identified to result from diffusion of both the aluminium and the copper. These composites are characterised by high flow stresses, that are unfortunately accompanied by numerous cracks whatever the temperature deformation. Two composites with an Al matrix initially reinforced by QC particles were prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). With this technique two-phase composites are obtained, but depending on the processing temperature, the reinforcement particles are either of i-phase or !-phase. It is observed that ! particles contribute more positively to the improvement of the mechanical properties than the QC particles. The temperature dependences of "0. 2% suggest that the plastic deformation of the composite Al/!-Al-Cu-Fe is controlled by thermally activated mechanisms. In the composite Al/i-Al-Cu-Fe, in addition to thermally activated mechanism, the contribution of the internal stresses to the hardening of the composite must be taken into account
Roche, Cécile. "Étude de nouveaux matériaux thermoélectriques : cas des phases de Chevrel." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL050N.
Full textJebrouni, Mostafa. "Elaboration de zircones et de dispersions alumine-zircone par réaction dans les sels fondus et caractérisation." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10169.
Full textBonnenfant, Denis. "Analyse théorique et expérimentale du comportement de composites particulaires modèles en vue de leur mise en forme par compaction à chaud." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22100.
Full textJerier, Jean-François. "Modélisation de la compression haute densité des poudres métalliques ductiles par la méthode des éléments discrets." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10242.
Full textThis Ph. D. Manuscript synthesises three years of research dedicated to numerical and theoretical studies of high density powder compaction. During cold compaction process, the compaction stage is among the most sensitive powder metallurgy’s stages, because it has a strong impact on the mechanical properties of the final part. It is necessary to find a numerical approach to control and to optimize the high density powder compaction (density value above 0:9). We propose to model by the discrete element method the behaviour of powder which is observed experimentally under different loading paths. To date, the discrete element simulations are not able to model the powder compaction for high density values (density is limited at 0:85). To go beyond this limit, we present a contact model implemented into a discrete element open-source software (Yade). This new contact model is based on a normal contact law which integrates in its expression the local density parameter. This new local variable takes into account the incompressibility of the material which appears at density values above 0:85. In order to realize more realistic simulations, a new geometric algorithm to generate polydisperse sphere packings is developed. This new numerical tool is able to generate very fast large sphere assemblies with different properties controlled by the user as: density distribution, the minimal and maximal size of spheres. With the contact model capable of reproducing the granular interaction up to high density value and the geometric algorithm which generates sphere assemblies similar to powder, we realize simulations of isostatic and closed die compaction for various types of powder (copper, aluminium, iron). The results are directly compared with those obtained by multi-particle finite element method and by experimental tests. These comparisons allow to validate and test the robustness of the contact model developed here. Finally, we investigate the evolution of aluminium powder assembly composed with an initial graded density distribution during the closed die compaction
Terzi, Sofiane. "Comportement à haute température du superalliage Udimet 720 élaboré par Métallurgie des Poudres et optimisé pour la tenue en fluage." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7505/1/terzi.pdf.
Full textRobert-Perron, Étienne. "Contributions à l'amélioration des propriétés mécaniques de pièces fabriquées par métallurgie des poudres ayant subi une opération d'usinage à cru." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24635/24635.pdf.
Full textCollet, Romaric. "Mécanismes de consolidation et de densification de poudres de cuivre lors d'un frittage SPS." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS049/document.
Full textSpark plasma sintering is a manufacturing process that leads to dense materials with fine microstructures. SPS combines heating and uniaxial load as well as the Hot Pressing (HP) process but the material is heated using a pulsed current. The phenomena occurring during SPS are not fully understood and are still an open point: -Which densification and consolidation mechanisms are involved during SPS? -Why is sintering by SPS more efficient than sintering by traditional ways such as HP? –Does electrical current modify the sintering mechanisms? The aim of this work is to answer these questions in the case of spherical copper powder (from 10 to 50 µm). Comparisons between SPS and HP were performed using the same process conditions. The densification rate was studied macroscopically and microscopically. The evolution of the necks between particles was followed by cross sections and fractography. The densification is realized by plastic deformation due to the applied load and the temperature increase. No difference between SPS and HP was observed although sintering conditions favorable to the occurrence of specific phenomena were applied: oxide layer coating the particles, current forced through the sample, high intensity using a pulsed current. In the studied conditions, no specific effect was observed due to the current presence