Academic literature on the topic 'Pressions anthropiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pressions anthropiques"
Sarrazin, François, Jane Lecomte, and Nathalie Frascaria-Lacoste. "Libre évolution des forêts, de quelle évolution parle-t-on ?" Revue forestière française 73, no. 2-3 (March 30, 2022): 401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revforfr.2021.5479.
Full textKagambega, François. "Impact des activités anthropiques sur la diversité ligneuse et la structure de Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn. C.F. dans le Chantier d’Aménagement Forestier de Cassou (Burkina Faso)." Flora et Vegetatio Sudano-Sambesica 22 (December 20, 2019): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/fvss.22.62.
Full textVainu, Marko, Jaanus Terasmaa, and Quentin Choffel. "La région des lacs de Kurtna : un joyau naturel sujet aux pressions anthropiques." Dynamiques environnementales, no. 42 (July 1, 2018): 208–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/dynenviron.2100.
Full textEL-HADJ ISSA, Azizou, Dossou Sèblodo Judes Charlemagne GBEMAVO, Achille HOUNKPEVI, Guy Apollinaire MENSAH, and Brice SINSIN. "Pressions anthropiques et dynamique des habitats naturels de la Réserve Transfrontalière de Biosphère du W-Bénin." Annales de l’Université de Parakou - Série Sciences Naturelles et Agronomie 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.56109/aup-sna.v11i2.48.
Full textLeboeuf, Michel, Caroline Chouinard, Robin Bourgeois, and David Grenier-Héon. "Effets des infrastructures linéaires sur la biomasse des insectes nocturnes à l’échelle du paysage." Entomologie 145, no. 2 (August 24, 2021): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1083907ar.
Full textDucharne, A. "La Seine en 2100 ? Impacts croisés du changement climatique et des pressions anthropiques directes." Techniques Sciences Méthodes, no. 3 (2008): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/tsm/200803076.
Full textZuedzang Abessolo, J. R., M. Yacoubi Khebiza, and M. Messouli. "Réponse des macroinvertébrés benthiques (éphéméroptères, plécoptères, trichoptères) aux pressions anthropiques dans un contexte de changement climatique sur le bassin versant de l’Ourika (Haut-Atlas du Maroc)." Hydroécologie Appliquée 21 (2021): 115–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/hydro/2021001.
Full textOusmane, Sidibé, Hyppolite N’da Dibi, Kouadio Henri Kouassi, Konan Édouard Kouassi, and Kpolo Ouattara. "Crises politico-militaires et dynamique de la végétation du Parc national du Mont Péko en Côte d’Ivoire." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 343 (January 14, 2020): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.343.a31837.
Full textAvard, Karine, Marie Larocque, and Stéphanie Pellerin. "Perturbations des tourbières de la région de Bécancour, Centre-du-Québec, entre 1966 et 2010." Botanique 137, no. 1 (December 6, 2012): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013184ar.
Full textBallo, Abdou, Souleymane Sidi Traoré, Baba Coulibaly, Cheick Hamalla Diakité, Moriké Diawara, Alou Traoré, and Sidi Dembélé. "Pressions Anthropiques Et Dynamique D’occupation Des Terres Dans Le Terroir De Ziguéna, Zone Cotonnière Du Mali." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2016): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n5p90.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Pressions anthropiques"
Daeden, Jonathan. "Analyse des pressions anthropiques sur l’environnement littoral européen et français." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS019/document.
Full textCoastal management and conservation require the synthesis of geographic data on the distribution and intensity of human activities and their combined impacts on marine and terrestrial coastal ecosystems. Currently, across the European or French coasts, few studies provide a global view of risks on terrestrial and marine habitats. How are human pressures on biodiversity distributed? How to define the littoral system and thus improve management of this territory? At the European level, using 24 human pressures from EUROSTAT across the NUTS classification, we cut the European coasts in strips of 10 km to a limit of 100 km and identified the distribution and relative intensity pressures on coastal environments. We have shown that the great majority of the pressures occurs directly on the coastline and in the first 30 kilometers, then decreases sharply to the limit of 100 km. This division of the European coasts has also allowed us to use factorial correspondence analyses coupled with a hierarchical cluster analysis to divide the coastal territories in 4 coherent groups with the same pressures and relative intensities across Europe. At the French level, we have also developed a spatial model weighted by expert opinions based on geolocation of 15 human pressures on 81 marine and terrestrial biophysical habitats present on the metropolitan French coasts. The information is synthesized in the form of impact score applied to a mesh composed of 26000 cells (25 km²). This method of cumulative anthropogenic impacts scoring in an additive model shows areas with higher risks on both the marine and land territory. Again, the most affected areas by the human disturbances are close to the coast. Conversely, the least affected areas are those with a strong bathymetry and those with a significant elevation. We finally developed a participatory website that includes integrated GIS that allows the collection and dissemination of analysis of these human pressures on France following our additive model and allows at more local scales to return our analysis from any type of user. In the end few areas are not affected by human activities (0.1%) and a rather large fraction present very high risk (4.8%). The nearer the coastline, the more the risks are high. These analyses and maps are tools that give better understanding of conservation issues for the implementation of a socio-ecosystems coastal management and that will target the priorities in the conservation of our territories at a continental, national or local scale
Maloufi, Selma. "Diversité du phytoplancton et dominance des cyanobactéries : réponse aux pressions anthropiques en milieu périurbain." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0033.
Full textThe study of phytoplankton biogeographic patterns is essential to broaden our understanding of the responses of aquatic ecosystems’ to on-going environmental changes. In this context, the work presented in this thesis aimed at evaluating the spatiotemporal distribution of phytoplankton communities within a region exhibiting strong environmental contrasts: he Ile-de-France region. The work presented in this thesis is organized around three main objectives : 1- to characterize at local-scale (i. E. α-diversity), among individual sites (i. E. β-diversity) and at the region-scale (i. E. γ-diversity), 2- to identify the processes and drivers involved in the distribution of phytoplankton communities through modelling approaches, 3- to evaluate the impact of the dominance of phytoplankton communities by cyanobacteria on their diversity
Roguet, Adélaïde. "Caractérisation des pressions anthropiques et environnementales influençant le compartiment bactérien dans les lacs peu profonds." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1139/document.
Full textAlthough bacteria are widespread in lacustrine environments, their composition and abundance vary at the regional and also at the local scale. A better understanding of the factors responsible for these biogeographic patterns would improve our knowledge of these aquatic systems and thus their potential response to anthropogenic pressures. In this context, this thesis studied the biogeography of the bacterial compartment in a set of shallow lakes located in the Paris area. The main objectives of this study were to assess at the regional and local scale the factors responsible for the biogeographical patterns on (i) the entire bacterial community, and (ii) a specific bacterial group, i.e. the nontuberculous mycobacteria. To achieve these objectives two complementary approaches were undertaken. First, at the regional scale, the spatial variability was assessed by sampling 49 lakes during three consecutive summers. A finer study was also performed to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of the bacterial compartment over a two-year monthly monitoring and during six important rain events within the Créteil Lake (Val de Marne).At the regional scale, the spatial variability of the bacterial community structure for the three summers (assessed by T-RFLP) was predicted for 76% (mean r-squared) by stochastic processes and less than 14% by deterministic factors including environmental parameters (trophic status) and dispersal-related process (connection to a river and PCNM axes). The analysis of the bacterial composition by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) showed similar tendencies to those acquired by T-RFLP. However, this analysis revealed that the importance of the processes involved in biogeographical patterns could vary according to the bacterial phyla or classes considered. Spatial variability of mycobacterial densities (real time PCR) was explained up to 50% by deterministic factors (water pH, amount of labile iron and connection to a river).At the local scale, the monitoring of Creteil Lake revealed no significant spatial variation (along the horizontal and vertical transect) on the structure of the bacterial community and mycobacterial densities. However, a specific study of two lakes showed that mycobacterial density and diversity significantly varied among the different compartments of the lakes. Inversely, significant temporal variations on the bacterial community structure were observed over the two-year of monitoring, mainly related to water temperature changes. Although mycobacterial densities were relatively stable over the Créteil Lake monitoring, their variations were only predicted by stochastic processes up to 35%
Iborra, Laura. "Réponses des communautés ichtyologiques face aux pressions anthropiques locales dans un contexte de changement climatique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0503.
Full textThe Mediterranean Sea is home to a significant marine biodiversity with a high rate of endemism. The fish population is composed of 684 species, of which 9.2% are endemic. Beyond the fundamental role played by fish populations within marine ecosystems, they also provide human societies with many ecosystem services. However, biodiversity and the functioning of coastal ecosystems, are deeply and increasingly affected by anthropogenic pressures. In contrast with the complex dynamics of global change at a larger scale, local anthropogenic pressures can be identified and managed more easily at the regional scale. To do this, the quantification and evaluation of the consequences of these pressures are necessary, especially regarding the fish community. In this study, we assessed the impacts of four anthropogenic pressures common to the Mediterranean coasts on the ichthyological community present in the Bay of Calvi in Corsica (France). The anthropogenic pressures included effluents from the outfall of the Calvi wastewater treatment plant, an aquaculture farm, recreational fishing activities and scuba diving. The results were discussed in the context of global change and particularly of climate change, which will induce a major evolution of Mediterranean ecosystems in the upcoming decades. This thesis shows the significant progress made in our ability to understand, prioritise and anticipate the impacts of local anthropogenic pressures on Mediterranean coastal fish populations. It further provides management recommendations that will need to be adapted to the human-environment dynamics in the context of global change
Lootvoet, Amélie. "Le rôle du comportement dans la vulnérabilité aux pressions anthropiques et à l'extinction chez les Primates." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0080.
Full textImproving species protection and better understanding the mechanisms leading to population decline and ultime extinction has become a major research area over the last decades. Nowadays, the causes of extinction are mostly anthropogenic, but some intrinsic factors, specific to each species, can interact with these anthropogenic pressures to determine the extinction risk. Many studies have highlighted the impact of life history traits and ecological characteristics on species vulnerability to extinction, but very few have investigated the role of behaviour. Because of the mechanisms they imply, several behaviours could constitute intrinsic factors of vulnerability among species, at the level of extinction risk, or concerning the main anthropogenic pressures threatening species. The aim of this thesis is to determine the impact of the social system and sexual selection on primate vulnerability i) to the main anthropogenic threats (i.e. hunting, logging and agriculture) and, particularly, the role of infanticide on their vulnerability to hunting, and ii) to the extinction risk as described by the IUCN conservation status. This point has lead us to examine also the impact of human footprint heterogeneity on extinction risk. All our studies are based on a comparative analysis approach. Our different works highlighted several impacts of behavioural variables at the two spatial scales and for the two levels of vulnerability, but with differences in the nature of the behavioural variables. We identified significant effects of the average group size and the socio-reproductive system in species vulnerability to logging, but not in species vulnerability to the other threats. Moreover, these effects have also been found at the level of the extinction risk, but in different ways. Thus, the mechanisms implicated in the vulnerability are different according to the type of vulnerability, and rely on several Allee effects
Houngnandan, Fabrice. "Rôle des pressions anthropiques et de l’environnement dans l’état des herbiers de posidonies de Méditerranée française." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG029.
Full textHuman activities are the main cause of global changes with adverse impacts on all biodiversity, both terrestrial and marine. In this context, many countries, including France, wish to stop this problem by improving networks for monitoring and managing ecosystems using new methods and approaches that aim, in particular, to achieve good ecological status of their water masses. This is the main objective of this thesis project, focusing on a Mediterranean sentinel ecosystem, the Posidonia oceanica seagrass. P. oceanica is an underwater plant endemic to the Mediterranean, and an indicator of the quality of its environment. By linking its spatial distribution with biological data and anthropogenic pressures, it is possible to develop new indicators that are easy to measure at the scale of the entire French coastline (1800 km).Through a multidisciplinary approach, combining participatory mapping, analysis of old images and current ecological data, we have been able to identify the location of former P. oceanica seagrass that have now disappeared and quantify the extent of the decline (70% in 66 years for example in Agde and Rochelongue). Our results also show that the indices of landscape composition and configuration reflect well the state of conservation of a P. oceanica seagrass. Using these landscape indices, we have developed a new approach to define key conservation areas for the management of P. oceanica based on the influence of environmental variables and human activities. Finally, we have also shown that by degrading the P. oceanica seagrass, human activities favour the installation of invasive exotic algae, but can also act as a barrier to invasions by modifying local environmental conditions and making them unfavourable to invasive species.These results suggest multiple applications to improve the management and monitoring of the marine environment in the French Mediterranean
Diop, Papa Abdoulaye. "Risques émergents et résilience des écosystèmes soumis à des pressions anthropiques : modélisation intégrée économique et éco-épidémiologique." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUED005.
Full textNumerous classic risks are apparently meant to take new forms whereas novel ones are appearing. In fact new threats that are directly related to the current scientific, technologic, economic and social evolutions have added to the classic ones. These “emergent” additional hazards could present a certain number of potential negative effects on ecosystems and to the resources living in such affected areas. It could notably be about a case of excess death rate of resources following either the outbreak of infectious diseases, or even resources’ sensitivity to these infections. Conversely it could be about the accumulation of pollution in the tissue of organisms which are likely to trigger sanitary and environmental threats and which diverge from those that have been considered so far. Because of ecosystems’ vulnerability towards these new environmental risks and thanks to their socioeconomic involvement, people have developed a growing awareness as for as these threats’ potentially catastrophic nature is concerned. While using economic analysis’ literature as well as biomathematics’ tools within the framework of this dissertation, the latter confronts the modeled theory and the empirical contextualization deriving from emerging risks. Our study focuses on the topic of the conservation of renewable resources which are exploited in the face of emerging dangers’ acuteness and whose unfamiliar effects have been forgotten by classic bio-economic modelling. It aims at partaking in the prevention of new environmental risks for biodiversity, thanks to the development of applied and theoretical tools deriving from economic and eco-epidemiologic integrated modelling. Subsequently by learning from biomechanics’ standard framework and with the support of compartmental modelling, this thesis shows the capacities of harvesting to improve the ecosystems’ resilience abilities, as well as the harvesting level at the steady state when an infectious disease affects an ecosystem. It thence leads to results which go against the conservative classic measures that have been recommended to ameliorate the ecosystems’ resilience and stability. Through tackling pivotal issues such as the pollutants’ bioaccumulation and its consequences, it also foregrounds some modifications in the dynamics of the standard models of pollution/resource when the pollutants’ bioaccumulation propriety is taken into account. So to deal with the phenomenon of emerging threats’ acuteness to biodiversity, this dissertation breaks new ground in the sustainable management’s mechanisms of the resources living in exploited ecosystems, while offering new approaches to the understanding of the dynamics that can intervene in ecosystems whose populations rely on the influence of emerging or re-emerging risks
Bertrand, Olivia. "Enregistrement molécularie de changements d'usage des sols et de pressions anthropiques : l'exemple d'un étang piscicole (Lansquenet, Lorraine)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0352/document.
Full textThe sedimentary series, collected in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, constitute records or archives of the state of a system at a given moment of the past and relate its evolution in relation to natural disturbances and anthropogenic pressure. In the following manuscript, the sedimentary record of a fish pond has been studied using a multidisciplinary approach. In particular, the characterization at the molecular and macromolecular scale of the organic matter in sediments of the pond Lansquenet allowed to reconstruct the history of its watershed. On the basis of biomarkers and molecular ratios (terrestrial to aquatic ratio: TAR(HC), C29/C27(ST), aquatic/macrophyte proxy: Paq, perylene, syringyl/vanillyl, cinnamyl/vanillyl, acid/aldehyde of syringyl and vanillyl units), this work has enabled us to understand, at the scale of a watershed, the changes in organic matter origins (terrestrial and/or aquatic, natural and/or anthropogenic) over a period of several centuries. Moreover, the results unraveled the depositional conditions as well as preservation conditions in the sedimentary profile, directly influenced by land use and human activities. The confrontation of organic geochemical data with sedimentological, mineralogical and palynological data was a real benefit and validated the use of a series of organic compounds as relevant and sensitive biomarkers regarding environmental and paleoenvironmental modifications. This study highlighted thus the succession of use of the Lansquenet site from a swampy area to the settlement of a fish pond punctuated by drier periods
Boissier, Olivier. "Impact des pressions anthropiques sur les communautés de frugivores et la dispersion des graines en forêt guyanaise." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0039.
Full textTropical rain forests are threatened by many anthropogenic pressures that endanger not only species but also ecosystem processes such as mutualistic interactions. This thesis focused on the impact of hunting and logging on communities of frugivorous and granivorous mammals and birds and on seed dispersal at two forest sites in French Guiana. Densities of several major seed dispersers were greatly reduced at the hunted and impacted site, where a very significant reduction of rates of seed removal underneath fruiting trees was observed at the same time. The impact of anthropogenic pressures on seed dispersal and removal, which so far has been known at the species level, was shown at the level of endozoochorous tree communities. The method developed here can be used to assess the health status of tropical forests, in a conservation perspective
Jenny, Jean-Philippe. "Réponses des grands lacs périalpins aux pressions anthropiques et climatiques récentes : reconstitutions spatio-temporelles à partir d'archives sédimentaires." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982100.
Full textBooks on the topic "Pressions anthropiques"
Diarra, Ali. La lagune Ebrié d'Abidjan à l'épreuve des pressions anthropiques: Un domaine lagunaire en Côte d'Ivoire fortement agressé par les actions humaines. Omniscriptum, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pressions anthropiques"
Bachelet, Guy, Marie-Laure Acolas, Magalie Baudrimont, Hugues Blanchet, Françoise Daverat, Frédéric Garabetian, Pierre Labadie, et al. "Les effets des pressions anthropiques sur la biodiversité." In L'estuaire de la Gironde : un écosystème altéré ?, 168–93. Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pub.45218.
Full textDavid, Gilbert. "Chapitre 22. Les récifs et les pressions anthropiques, de la mine au lagon." In Nouvelle-Calédonie, 147–50. IRD Éditions, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.28103.
Full textDesse, Michel. "Les pressions anthropiques, les mesures de protection et les défis de gestion participative en Guadeloupe et à la Martinique." In Zones côtières et changement climatique, 165–86. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18pgj1d.14.
Full textGrandgeorge, Dominique. "La pression anthropique à l’origine de l’anthropocène." In L’écologisation du travail social, 53–60. Éditions ies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.ies.5453.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Pressions anthropiques"
SAIDI, Abdelouahid, Abdelkader SBAI, and Hafid BOULHOUAL. "Le littoral de Cap de l’Eau entre fragilité du milieu physique et impact des pressions anthropiques (Maroc nord-est)." In Journées Nationales Génie Côtier - Génie Civil. Editions Paralia, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.2014.093.
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