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1
Lewis, Abby N. "A Poetic Ethnodrama: Discussing the Impact of the Pressure to Publish on Creative Writers' Production." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3690.
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This study examines the presence of the pressure to publish while in college as an undergraduate or graduate student, and the impact that pressure has on students’ ability to produce creative work. After interviewing participants, the researcher created an ethnodrama to best represent participants’ emotions and unique experiences with publishing while in school. An examination of the literature reveals that master’s-level students are often overlooked in scholarly research on the subject of publishing. This study uses a qualitative research method to identify key emotional experiences from students at the master’s and undergraduate level in the hopes of providing a platform for these marginalized voices.
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Brewin, Ross, and ross brewin@rmit edu au. "Mediating Pressure, Facilitating Exchange: 3 Architectural Projects in Pressured Urban Environments." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080215.154127.
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The aim of the research is to demonstrate architectural design strategies and outcomes that provide alternative ways of considering the futures of areas under high developmental pressure. These areas are where the potential detrimental effects of unmediated, rapid change and development are at their most immediate and in need of consideration. Urban environments are complex physical manifestations of economic, environmental, social, cultural and political pressures represented by the often competing desires of public and private interest groups. Given the enormity of scale and complexity of these pressures, it is problematic to think of architecture as something that can design everything (perhaps as seen in traditional master planning) and in doing so, solve the problem. What may be more constructive is the consideration of architecture having the potential to be involved strategically in these issues, over a number of scales to work towards positive outcomes for the public domain. In recent years, both Victorian and Queensland state governments have released policy guiding the future growth of key regions within their borders. Each attempts to address accommodating large population increases over relatively short time periods by proposing consolidation in and around existing urban centres. This consolidation is seen as part of a strategy to limit urban sprawl and curtail its associated negative social, environmental and potential economic impacts. These targeted 'Activity Centres' become places of immanent transformation, points of pressure within the disaggregated field of the contemporary Australian city. Left un-mediated, developmental pressure in locations such as these is likely to create the same detrimental physical and social effects evident in the general prevailing homogeneity, commercialisation and piecemeal nature of current urban development. Through several architectural design projects, the research aims to explore the role of architecture as an urban mediator within these pressured locations. Through bridging scales from the broad metropolitan, to the finer grained specific, this mediation may begin to strategically 'set things up' for the public domain, towards facilitating valuable social exchange.
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Vilaça, Murilo Mariano. "Publicar ou perecer: uma análise críticonormativa das características e dos efeitos dos modelos cientométrico e bibliométrico adotados no Brasil." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6915.
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A presente Tese de Doutorado analisa as características e os efeitos da cientometria e bibliometria adotadas no Brasil. Primeiramente, a fim de contextualizar o tema, faço uma revisão de literatura acerca do processo de mercantilização da educação. Meu objetivo é mostrar a inclinação empresarial das políticas públicas educacionais, especialmente aquelas voltadas para a pós-graduação. Além disso, seleciono e analiso alguns conceitos que ajudam a compreender o presente tema, bem como sustento a inadequação da lógica de economia de mercado como forma de gerir a Academia e a ciência. Na segunda parte da Tese, focalizo os critérios adotados para avaliar a hierarquizar Programas de Pós-Graduação e diferenciar pesquisadores. A tese a ser defendida é que o modelo CAPES de avaliação da pós-graduação está baseado numa norma produtividade de cunho periodicocrático que cria uma forte pressão por publicação de artigos em periódicos acadêmico-científicos, uma vez que eles os produtos privilegiados no modelo de mensuração objetivista em vigor. Produzir/publicar artigos torna-se, portanto, a performance acadêmico-científica por excelência. Isso enseja a criação de um mercado acadêmico-científico e de um mercado de publicações, o que cria um contexto propício para a ocorrência de más condutas acadêmico-científicas<br>This PhD Thesis analyzes the characteristic sand effects of scientometrics and bibliometrics adopted in Brazil. First, in order to contextualize the theme, I review the literature on the commodification of education process. My goal is to demonstrate the business inclination facing the educational public policies, especially those assumed to the Graduate level. Furthermore, I select and analyze some concepts that help me to understand the theme as well a show they keep the inadequacy of the logic of market economy in order to manage the Academy and the science. In the second part of the thesis, I focus on the criteria used to determine the rank of Graduate Programs and distinguish researchers between them. The thesis to be defended is that the CAPES evaluation for Graduate level is based on a standard productivity model called periodicracy which creates a strong pressure to publish articles in academic and scientific journals, since these products are privileged in the current objectivist measurement model. Therefore produce/publish articles becomes the preeminent Academic-scientific performance. This entails the creation of an academic scientific market and a market of publications, which creates a propitious environment for the occurrence of Academic-scientific misconduct.
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Guilhem, Mathieu. "Conception and optimization of a piezo-optic pressure transducer : application to high hydrostatic pressures sensing." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/GUILHEM_Mathieu_2010.pdf.
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La mesure de pression est un domaine vieux de plusieurs siècles, dont le développement a été motivé par l’importance de ses applications technologiques. Le but de ce travail est de proposer une technique de mesure de fortes pression hydrostatiques par capteur optique à bas coût. De nombreux types de capteurs de pression ont été développés au cours du temps, et la première partie de ce document présente une vue d’ensemble du domaine. Nous nous concentrons ensuite sur les techniques optiques et présentons leurs avantages et inconvénients. Au vu de notre cahier des charges, nous choisissons de développer un capteur de pression basé sur l’effet piezo-optique, c’est à dire l’apparition d’une biréfringence dans un matériau diélectrique soumis à une force extérieure. La Partie II du mémoire présente les différents outils qui seront par la suite utilisés pour modéliser le capteur proposé : tout d’abord nous rappelons les détails de la théorie de la polarisation, son origine physique ainsi que le formalisme de Mueller-Stokes. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux interactions entre une lumière polarisée et un milieu diélectrique, en présentant l’effet piezo-optique ainsi que les effets polarisant des réflexions à une interface. Les effets présentés sont modélisés par leur matrice de Mueller afin de simplifier l’étude à suivre. Dans la Partie III nous proposons un concept original de capteur de pression, utilisant une approche novatrice par rapport à celle usuellement mise en œuvre. Le capteur proposé est basé sur l’analyse d’une lumière dont la polarisation est modifiée par la traversée d’un milieu diélectrique rendu biréfringent par la pression à mesurer. Certains aspects du capteur sont optimisés, et ses inconvénients discutés. Cette étude aboutit à la proposition d’un capteur dans lequel les éléments polarisant discrets ont été remplacés par des réflexions successives. Ce nouveau concept est modélisé, puis nous présentons les différentes sources potentielles d’erreur de mesure et proposons des solutions pour compenser celles qui prédominent. La Partie IV présente la validation expérimentale des concepts précédents. Nous décrivons la conception, la calibration et la validation d’un polarimètre de Mueller par Transformée de Fourier, conçu dans le but d’étudier la dépendance de l’effet piezo-optique à la température. Ensuite nous présentons la réalisation d’un démonstrateur de capteur piezo-optique de pression. Les essais effectués sont en accord avec les prédictions théoriques et valident donc le principe du capteur développé au cours de ce travail<br>The measurement of pressure is a field that has been studied for centuries due to its important technological implications. Our goal is to propose an original method to measure high hydrostatic pressures using a low cost optical sensor. A number of pressure sensors have been developed over the years, and the first part of this work presents an overview of the main ones. We then focus on optical pressure sensors, discuss the advantages and inconveniences of each method with regards to our constraints, and decide to develop the concept of a sensor based on the piezo-optic effect, i. E. The stress-induced birefringence in a transparent dielectric subjected to a force. We presents the tools that will be used to modelize the piezo-optic pressure sensor: we first review the theory of polarization of light, from its physical origin to the Mueller-Stokes formalism; we then focus on the interaction of polarized light with matter: we discuss the theory of the piezooptic effect and the polarization effects of total and partial reflections at an interface. Both effects are modelized in terms of their Mueller matrices. We then propose an original concept for a pressure sensor, using an approach different from the one usually seen in polarimetric sensors. First the concept of a piezo-optic pressure sensor is presented where polarized light interacts with a dielectric material subjected to a pressure; the resulting state of polarization is analyzed by a second polarizer and a photodetector. Some aspects of the sensor are optimized while its shortcomings are listed. In light of this analysis we propose a revised concept to addresses these issues. The new proposal uses carefully oriented reflections to replace all polarizing elements, enabling simpler and cheaper production. We modelize this device, analyze its optical behavior, and then present the different sources of measurement error. Most of them are negligible, and we present methods to mitigate the influence of these that are not. Part IV focuses on the experimental validation of the concepts presented so far. We describe the conception, calibration and validation of a Fourier Transform Mueller polarimeter that we intend to use to study the temperature dependence of the piezo-optic effect. We build a prototype based on the initial concept of the piezo-optic pressure sensor presented in Part III, and test its response to pressure. Its behaviour is found to be coherent with theoretical predictions, and these measurement serve to validate the concept of the sensor that was developed during this work
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Kennedy, Daniel Lloyd, and n/a. "Measurement of intraoral pressure during normal swallowing." University of Otago. School of Dentistry, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081211.160044.
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Aim: The aim of this research was to measure functional intraoral pressures using a newly developed method; specifically, three areas were examined. Firstly, this new approach to measurement allowed the equilibrium theory of tooth position to be re-addressed. Secondly, it allowed investigation the patterns of pressure change in the palatal midline during water swallowing. Lastly, this approach allowed a preliminary investigation of the affect of the viscosity of the food ingested on the pressures generated in the mouth.
Methods: The participants were 6 healthy volunteers (4 males, 2 females) recruited from the post-graduate students at the University of Otago, School of Dentistry. The age range was 25 to 35 years. All had full permanent dentitions, Angle Class I occlusions (normal) with acceptable overbite and overjet relationship, and none of them had a history of previous orthodontic treatment. For each of the subjects a cast chrome-cobalt baseplate was constructed to house 8 miniature strain gauge pressure transducers (Precision Measurement Co. Michigan). The location of the sensors were standardised as follows: Three sensors were paired on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the central, canine and first molar. Two palatal vault sensors were placed in the midline of the palate, one at level of the distal of the first premolar, and the second slightly anterior to the junction of the hard and soft palate. Simultaneous recordings were taken during a set of tasks including water swallows, saliva swallows and food ingestion.
Results: The results showed that swallowing was a highly complex wellcoordinated event, and that each individual had their own unique signature pattern of swallowing, characterised by pressure changes of high frequency, in excess of �1000 kPa/s.
Conclusions: The analysis of the pressure acting on the teeth showed that although the pattern and magnitude of pressure generated varied among the group, the observation of waveforms would suggest a tendency for no inherent balance between the buccal and the palatal pressures on the teeth during swallowing for any of the individuals tested.
This investigation of the pressure in the midline revealed an aspect previously not fully explored; these experiments showed that there were large and persistent negative pressures generated during swallowing, that preceded the positive pressures and which appear important in bolus propulsion
The patterns of swallowing and the magnitudes of pressure generated, changed with the different consistency of the various substances ingested. There was a general trend for increased pressures during swallowing of substrates that are more viscous; water showed the lowest pressures, followed by saliva and finally jelly.
Keywords: Tongue pressure, Intraoral pressures, Tongue dynamics, Swallowing.
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Balcon, Nicolas, and nicolas balcon@gmail com. "Atmospheric pressure Radio Frequency discharges, diagnostic and numerical modeling." The Australian National University. Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080318.234936.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the properties of a Radio Frequency capacitive discharge at atmospheric pressure in argon. In these conditions where the pressure x distance product is around 150 Torr.cm, the discharge usually consists of several locally hot filaments. By pulsing the RF generator with an appropriate width and period, it was found possible to control the filament to glow transition in order to obtain a diffused and stable plasma.¶
The 2 mm gap between the electrodes is open to the ambient air and fed with argon via one hundred submillimetric holes regularly spread on the surface of the top electrode. This configuration allows on-line surface treatment of polymer films without having to turn the discharge off between successive samples. An important and lasting improvement of the polymer wettability is quickly obtained without risk of damage.
The plasma diagnostic methods are emission spectroscopy and electric measurements. The Stark broadening of the Balmer β transition line of atomic hydrogen is measured to determine a plasma density of 10^15/cm3 in the filamentary mode. The glow mode density estimation was based on power balance yielding a density of 5×10^11/cm3. Emission line ratios between neutrals and Ar+ ions are used in the Saha equation to calculate the electron temperature. It results in an approximation of 1.3 eV for the glow mode and 1.7 eV for the filaments.¶
A unidimensional self-consistent fluid model is developed to gain insight into the homogeneous discharge behaviour. Poissons equation for the electric field is coupled to the first moments of the Boltzmann equation (continuity equation, drift-diffusion equation and energy equation). Transport and reaction coefficients are obtained from the mean energy of the electrons.¶
The model is applied to a reduced argon kinetic with the main ionization and excitation processes. Simulation results are in agreement with experimental measurements. The atmospheric pressure RF discharge is similar to a lower pressure RF discharge for which the ionization occurs mainly inside the oscillating sheaths where electrons are the most energetic
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Neuendorf, Annette J., and n/a. "High Pressure Synthesis of Conducting Polymers." Griffith University. School of Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040218.112214.
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An experimental investigation of the high pressure synthesis of water soluble, self doping conducting polymers is presented. 2- And 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and the respective sodium sulfonates have been polymerised. Optimal polymerisation conditions have been determined with respect to yield, conductivity and molecular weight. Reaction parameters such as oxidant, pressure, catalysts, reaction time and temperature and the use of additives were investigated. The minimum pressure required for polymerisation was 7 kbar. An increase in pressure had a negligible effect on polymer characteristics. The polymers were generated in aqueous, non-acidic media, to ensure they were selfdoping when characterised. Conductivities of between 10-6 Scm-1 and 10-3 Scm-1 were measured. The sulfonate salts reacted faster than the sulfonic acids and for both a longer reaction time resulted in higher yields and conductivities. These polymers were completely water soluble, of high molecular weight and able to be cast as thin films. The arylamines 5- and 8-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid and their respective sodium sulfonates were polymerised at elevated pressure. The naphthalene sulfonate salts polymerised at atmospheric pressure, but displayed a higher molecular weight when reacted under pressure. Generally the naphthalene monomers reacted similarly to the benzene monomers, although there were some differences. Conductivity and yield decreased with increased reaction times and the use of 0.1M equivalents of ferrous sulfate had an negligible effect on the polymers. The polynaphthalenes were highly water soluble, self doping and had conductivities in the order 10-5 to 10-3 Scm-1. A measurement of the activation volume for the polymerisation of 2-methoxyaniline and sodium 8-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate was performed. These were determined to be -44 ± 3 cm3mol-1 and -62 ± 10 cm3mol-1 respectively. These large negative values are consistent with rate limiting monomer oxidation.
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Balcon, Nicolas. "Atmospheric pressure radio frequency discharges, diagnostic and numerical modeling /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Thesis, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20080318.234936/index.html.
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Meige, Albert, and albert@meige net. "Numerical modeling of low-pressure plasmas: applications to electric double layers." The Australian National University. Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070111.002333.
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Inductive plasmas are simulated by using a one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation including Monte Carlo collision techniques (pic/mcc). To model inductive heating, a non-uniform radio-frequency (rf) electric field, perpendicular to the electron motion is included into the classical particle-in-cell scheme. The inductive plasma pic simulation is used to confirm recent experimental results that electric double layers can form in current-free plasmas. These results differ from previous experimental or simulation systems where the double layers are driven by a current or by imposed potential differences. The formation of a super-sonic ion beam, resulting from the ions accelerated through the potential drop of the double layer and predicted by the pic simulation is confirmed with nonperturbative laser-induced fluorescence measurements of ion flow. It is shown that at low pressure, where the electron mean free path is of the order of, or greater than the system length, the electron energy distribution function (eedf) is close to Maxwellian, except for its tail which is depleted at energies higher than the plasma potential. Evidence supporting that this depletion is mostly due to the high-energy electrons escaping to the walls is given.
¶
A new hybrid simulation scheme (particle ions and Boltzmann/particle electrons), accounting for non-Maxwellian eedf and self-consistently simulating low-pressure high-density plasmas at low computational cost is proposed. Results obtained with the improved hybrid model are in much better agreement with the full pic simulation than the classical non self-consistent hybrid model. This model is used to simulate electronegative plasmas and to provide evidence supporting the fact that propagating double layers may spontaneously form in electronegative plasmas. It is shown that critical parameters of the simulation were very much aligned with critical parameters of the experiment.
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Demarte, Adele Louise, and adele@rahna com. "Middle Years of Schooling: The pressures on rural adolescents to achieve academically." RMIT University. Education, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080208.145838.
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Within a climate of continual change this study offers insights into the academic pressures experienced by rural adolescents to achieve at school. In the often challenging transition from childhood to adulthood expectations from others place additional pressures on adolescents' lives. To better understand these pressures, I conducted a qualitative study of six students (ages nine to 15) and their teachers in the Middle Years of Schooling within rural Victoria, Australia. Students were studied prior to the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) in order to examine the pressures on students facing the Middle Years of Schooling. The study was carried out over a 6 month period using a Naturalistic Inquiry process with semi-structured interviews and participant observation. This allowed access into the participants' subjective insights. A Collective case study approach was employed to situate the information in its holistic environment and offer thick and information rich narratives depicting the experiences of these early adolescents. The case studies also involved examination of the school experiences of the early adolescents. Academic pressure was then broadly viewed in light of these experiences and recommendations offered. The findings from this research revealed that the early adolescents in the study all experienced degrees of academic pressure and demonstrated varied abilities to cope with these pressures. External support provided by parents, the school, teachers and peers tended to provide support more than fostering resilience.
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Kwan, Lai-kam, and 關麗琴. "Pressure groups and public policy: a study ofthe role of the Federation of Hong Kong Industries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196378X.
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Mbaissouroum, Mouanodji. "Risk Factors of High Blood Pressure in Older South Africans." Thesis, Southern Connecticut State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10748437.
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<p> High blood pressure (HBP) is a worldwide concern in many countries (Keamey, et al., 2005). HBP is likely to be higher in underdeveloped countries, specifically in Africa (Addo, Smeeth, & Leon, 2007; Kearney, et al.,2005; World Health Organization [WHO], 2015). The prevalence of HBP in South Africa is 21%, which is about 6 million individuals (Steyn, Gaziano, Bradshaw, Laubscher, & Fourier, 2001). The purpose of the study is to examine the predictive factors of HBP among older adults in South Africa. This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the World Health Organization (WHO & Phaswana-Mafaya, 2008). The total number of participants included in this sample was 2,145 adults age 60 and over, of which females comprise 59%. The average age was 69.50 years (<i>SD= 7.63</i>). The prevalence of reporting HBP among respondents was 37%. The multivariate analysis shows that, when other factors are controlled, being female, having a larger waist circumference, having a diagnosis of diabetes and depression, and urban residence significantly predicted HBP among older South Africans. When comparing men and women, the results of the logistic regression shows that the decrease of odds of having HBP among men who have diabetes and depression is less than the decrease of odds of having HBP among women who have diabetes and depression. These findings indicate that the risk factors, diabetes and depression, have a bigger effect on females compared to males. The results of the study will help to implement primary HBP prevention targeting South African older adult females who have been diagnosed with diabetes, depression, and who live in urban areas.</p><p>
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Wiemuth, Dominik, and n/a. "Regulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENac) by ubiquitination." University of Otago. Department of Physiology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061127.162243.
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The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is the central component of the sodium absorption pathway in epithelia. It is critical for sodium homeostasis and blood pressure control, which is demonstrated by rare genetic disorders such as Liddle�s syndrome and pseudohypoaldosteronism type I, that are associated with hyper- and hypotension, respectively.
ENaC is mainly regulated by mechanisms that control the expression of active channels at the cell surface. Ubiquitin ligases of the Nedd4-like family, such as Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 decrease epithelial sodium absorption by binding to and targeting ENaC for endocytosis and degradation. This is most likely achieved by catalyzing the ubiquitination of ENaC. Conversely the serum- and glucocorticoid regulated kinase (SGK) increases ENaC activity. This effect is partly mediated by the interaction of SGK with the ubiquitin ligases Nedd4 and Nedd4-2. SGK is able to bind to both Nedd4 and Nedd4-2, however only Nedd4-2 is phosphorylated by SGK. The phosphorylation of Nedd4-2 inhibits its interaction with ENaC, thus reducing ENaC ubiquitination, thereby increasing surface expression and sodium absorption.
Nedd4-like proteins interact with ENaC via their WW-domains. These domains bind PY-motifs (PPXY) present in ENaC subunits. Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 both have four highly similar WW-domains. Previous studies have shown that interaction between Nedd4 and ENaC is mainly mediated by WW-domain 3. SGK also has a PY-motif; therefore it was analyzed whether the WW-domains of Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 mediate binding to SGK. Here, it is shown that single or tandem WW-domains of Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 mediate binding to SGK and that, despite their high similarity, different WW-domains of Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 are involved. These data also suggest that WW-domains 2 and 3 of Nedd4-2 mediate the interaction with SGK in a concerted manner, and that in vitro the phosphorylation of SGK at serine residue 422 increases its affinity for the WW-domains of Nedd4-2.
The stimulatory effect of SGK on ENaC activity is partly mediated via Nedd4-2 and will decrease if competition between Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 for binding to SGK occurs. Here it is shown that Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 are located in the same subcellular compartment and that they compete for binding to SGK.
Besides its function in the proteasomal degradation pathway ubiquitination is involved in the regulation of membrane protein trafficking, including their endocytosis. ENaC was shown previously to be ubiquitinated. Here, we provide evidence that ENaC can be ubiquitinated differentially depending on its cellular location. Channels residing in the plasma membrane are multiubiquitinated and we suggest that this serves as an internalization signal for ENaC and a control for further trafficking. Cytosolic ENaC is mainly polyubiquitinated, and therefore probably targeted for proteasomal degradation. However, mono- and multiubiquitination of ENaC located within the cytosol is very likely to occur as well. In addition, it is shown that both proteasomal and lysosomal pathways are involved in the regulation of ENaC.
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Kang, Jun Hee. "Do societal expectations/pressure drive unhappiness in south korea?" Thesis, Georgetown University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1586276.
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<p> While South Korea is ranked high in education, economies and technological development, the level of South Koreans' happiness has not grown simultaneously. This fact contradicts the common sense that improvements in living standards, such as income or education, lead to gains in happiness or individual wellbeing. In order to examine the phenomenon of decreasing perceived individual wellbeing in light of increasing income levels, I analyze the relationship between societal expectations/pressure and happiness in South Korea, using data from the World Value survey conducted in 2010. The uniquely high concentration on human capital in South Korea has played a major factor for extreme competitiveness. Since the financial crisis in 1997, the competitive job market has produced few job opportunities, which has caused a high level of social pressure. The major finding of this study is that the impact of societal expectations on unhappiness increases as people get older and it is more powerful among people of lower income. Also, social pressure has a greater negative effect on happiness for females than males in South Korea. Even when controlling for independent variables, including job security, wages, and high living costs, I show social pressure to have a first order impact on perceived well-being among Korean citizens. From a policy perspective, low levels of happiness can ultimately cause social instability and loss of human capital. Expected policy implications are increasing the number of college entrance exams and fostering work life balance initiatives. In this sense, the findings of this paper can serve as a guideline for the South Korean government not only to improve the overall economic productivity of South Korean society, but also enhance the quality of life along important societal dimensions.</p>
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Listerman, Thomas. "Biotechnology in press and public : an international study of press coverage about biotechnology and its relationship to public opinion /." Dresden : TUDpress, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2971569&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Fraser, Darren T. "Soldering in high pressure die casting and its prevention by lubricant and oxide layers /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2000. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20010830.163828/.
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King, Benjamin. "Welding and post weld heat treatment of 2.25%Cr-1%Mo steel." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060404.095844/index.html.
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Somchock, Jeranut, and somc0001@flinders edu au. "Effects of foot reflexology on reducing blood pressure in patients with hypertension." Flinders University. Nursing and Midwifery, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060529.153211.
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Background
The incidence of hypertension is increasing in developing countries such as Thailand
(Chaiteerapan et al 1997; Ministry of Public Health 2001; National Library of
Thailand Cataloguing in Publication Data 2001) as a result of sociological, political
and economic changes. These changes are producing enormous alterations in
people�s lifestyles, following similar trends in western countries (National Economic
and Social Development Board 1997). Negative changes in food consumption,
alcohol consumption, level of physical activity, smoking, stress and tension have led
to an increase in chronic health problems for Thai people (National Economic and
Social Development Board 1997). Age, gender, ethnicity, genetic background,
family health history and hyperlipidaemia are likely to influence hypertension
(Kaplan, Lieberman & Neal 2002; Mancia et al 2002; Manger & Gifford 2001;
National Heart Foundation of Australia 2003).
It has been found that health care professionals and patients with chronic disease
have increased their use of complementary therapies to help relieve uncomfortable
symptoms and suffering (Long, Huntley & Ernst 2001). Foot reflexology is a well
known complementary therapy which claims to help the body achieve homeostasis
(Byers 2001; Dougans 2002). It is believed that pressing specific areas on the feet
related to specific glands or organs of the body can help these glands and organs to
function at their peak, allowing the body to heal itself (Byers 2001; Dougans 2002).
The principle difference between massage or touch and foot reflexology is that foot
reflexology provides not only the relaxation effect obtained from massage or touch
is said to also improve body�s immunity contributing to healing process (Byers 2001;Dougans 2002). Foot reflexology has been scientifically researched in many studies
to explore the claimed benefits (Bishop 2003; Kohara et al 2004; Oleson & Flocco
1993; Siev-Ner et al 2003; Yang 2005). Some studies have supported its ability to
reduce anxiety and pain (Gambles, Crooke & Wilkinson 2002; Launso, Brendstrup &
Arnberg 1999; Stephenson, Dalton & Carlson 2003; Stephenson, Weinrich &
Tavakoli 2000). However, there has been little scientific evidence to support the
claim that foot reflexology can reduce blood pressure and serum lipids, and can
improve the quality of life in patients with hypertension (Hodgson 2000; Milligan et
al 2002; Park & Cho 2004). The purpose of this study was to begin to fill this gap by
investigating the influence of foot reflexology on blood pressure, serum lipids and
quality of life.
Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foot reflexology on reducing
blood pressure in patients with hypertension. To this end, patients receiving
reflexology were compared with patients receiving a light foot massage, thus
controlling for any effects contributed by massage or touch alone.
Null hypotheses
1. There is no difference in mean blood pressure level between the foot reflexology
group and the light foot massage group at the end of four weeks of treatment.
2. There is no difference in mean low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and
triglyceride levels between the foot reflexology group and the light foot massage
group at the end of four weeks of treatment.3. There is no difference in mean quality of life scores between the foot reflexology
group and the light foot massage group at the end of four weeks of treatment.
Sample
A sample size of 128 was required to yield a power of 80%, if the difference in mean
diastolic blood pressure between the two groups was 5 mmHg. One hundred twenty
eight patients with hypertension who attended the hypertensive clinic in the medical
outpatients department of Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand were
enrolled and participated in the study.
Methods
Data collection
This study used a randomized controlled trial design. Participants were randomly
allocated into one of two groups � 64 participants in the foot reflexology group
(intervention) and 64 in the light foot massage group (control). Data collection took
place over 4� months between 26 July and 9 December 2004. Ethics approval was
obtained from both the university and hospital ethics committees.
Prior to randomization, participants were asked to complete a demographic data
questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOLBREF)
(World Health Organization 1996) questionnaire. Blood was drawn to test
LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Using an intervention protocol based on
previous literature (Byers 2001), participants in the foot reflexology group received
their usual medical treatment and a 50-minute foot reflexology treatment twice a
week for four weeks. Participants in the light foot massage group received their usualmedical treatment and a 30-minute light foot massage session without pressure on
specific reflexology areas twice a week for four weeks. Blood pressure was recorded
before and after each treatment. At the end of the study, participants were asked to
complete the WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization 1996) again and blood
was once more drawn to test LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Data analysis
An independent samples t-test followed by analysis of covariance was used to test for
difference in mean diastolic blood pressure between treatment groups both
unadjusted and adjusted for baseline values respectively. Descriptive statistics were
used to present the demographic data.
Results
Demographic data
Control and intervention groups were similar in gender, age, educational background,
economic factors, lifestyle characteristics, co-morbidities and medical treatments.
Demographic data which were substantially different between groups were marital
status, the length of time experiencing hypertension and the length of time having
treatment for hypertension. The study showed that fewer participants in the foot
reflexology group (57.8%) were married than in the light foot massage group
(70.3%). The foot reflexology group also had a higher rate (32.8%) of
�divorced/separated/widowed� compared with the light foot massage group (20.3%).
Participants in the light foot massage group had almost nine times the number of
participants who had had hypertension for more than 15 years, and almost eight times the number of participants who had been having treatment for hypertension for
more than 15 years, compared with those in the foot reflexology group.
Outcome variables
For both the unadjusted and adjusted analyses, there was no statistically significant
difference between treatment groups post-intervention.
Conclusions
The results from this study did not support the claim that foot reflexology can
decrease blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Similarly, there
was no evidence that it could improve the quality of life in patients with
hypertension.
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Jaitlee, Rajneesh, and jaitlee@gmail com. "Mean and Fluctuating Pressures on an Automotive External Rear View Mirror." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070112.125531.
Full textAbstract:
The primary function of an automobile rear View Mirror is to provide the driver with a clear vision interpretation of all objects to the rear and side of the vehicle. The rear View Mirror is a bluff body and there are several problems associated with the rear View Mirror. These include buffeting, image distortion (due to aerodynamically induced and structural vibration), aerodynamically induced noise (due to cavities and gaps) and water and dirt accumulation on Mirror glass Surface. Due to excessive glass vibration, the rear View Mirror may not provide a clear image. Thus, vibrations of Mirror can severely impair the driver's vision and safety of the vehicle and its occupants. The rear View Mirrors are generally located close to the A-pillar region on the side window. A conical vortex forms on the side window close to A-pillar due to A-pillar geometry and the presence of side rear View Mirror and flow separation from it makes the airflow even more complex. The primary objective of this work is to study the aerodynamic pressures on Mirror Surface at Various speeds to determine the effects of aerodynamics on to Mirror vibration. Additionally, the Mirror was modified by Shrouding around the external periphery to determine the possibility of minimisation of aerodynamic pressure fluctuations and thereby vibration. The Shrouding length used for the analysis was of 24mm, 34mm and 44mm length. The mean and fluctuating pressures were measured using a production rear side View Mirror fitted to a ¼ quarter production passenger car in RMIT Industrial Wind Tunnel. The tests were also conducted in semi-isolation condition to understand influence of the A-pillar geometry. The mean and fluctuating pressures were converted into non-dimensional pressure coefficients (Cp and Cprms) and the frequency content of the fluctuating pressure was analysed. The results show that the fluctuating aerodynamic pressures are not uniformly distributed over an automobile Mirror Surface. The highest magnitude of fluctuating pressure for the standard Mirror was found at the central bottom part of the Mirror Surface. The highest magnitude of fluctuating pressure for the modified Mirror was found at the central top part of the Mirror Surface. As expected, the modification has significant effect on the magnitude of fluctuating pressure. The results show that an increase of Shrouding length reduces the magnitude of the fluctuating pressure. The frequency-based analysis was done to understand the energy characteristics of the flow, particularly to its phase, since it is the out of phase components that usually cause Mirror rotational vibration. The spectral analysis showed that the magnitude of the energy distribution reduces with increase of shrouding length throughout the frequency range. Flow visualisation was also used to supplement the pressure data. The effects of yaw angles were not included in this study, however, are thought to be worthy of further investigation. On road testing and the variation of mirror locations might have some effects on the fluctuating pressures. These need to be investigated in the future work. The quarter model used in this study was a car specific. However, for more generic results, a simplified model with variable geometry can be used in future study.
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Buchler, Benjamin Caird, and ben buchler@anu edu au. "Electro-optic control of quantum measurements." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20020527.131758.
Full textAbstract:
The performance of optical measurement systems is ultimately limited by the
quantum nature of light. In this thesis, two techniques for circumventing the
standard quantum measurement limits are modelled and tested experimentally.
These techniques are electro-optic control and the use of squeezed light.
An optical parametric amplifier is used to generate squeezing at
1064nm. The parametric amplifier is pumped by the output of a second
harmonic generation cavity, which in turn is pumped by a Nd:YAG laser.
By using various frequency locking techniques, the quadrature phase of
the squeezing is stabilised, therefore making our squeezed source
suitable for long term measurements. The best recorded squeezing is
5.5dB (or 70\%) below the standard quantum limit. The stability of
our experiment makes it possible to perform a time domain measurement
of photocurrent correlations due to squeezing. This technique allows
direct visualisation of the quantum correlations caused by squeezed
light.
On the road to developing our squeezed source, methods of frequency
locking optical cavities are investigated. In particular, the tilt
locking method is tested on the second harmonic generation cavity
used in the squeezing experiment. The standard method for locking
this cavity involves the use of modulation sidebands, therefore leading to a
noisy second harmonic wave. The modulation free tilt-locking method,
which is based on spatial mode interference, is shown to be a
reliable alternative.
In some cases, electro-optic control may be used to suppress quantum
measurement noise. Electro-optic feedback is investigated as a method
for suppressing radiation pressure noise in an optical cavity.
Modelling shows that the `squashed' light inside a feedback loop can
reduce radiation pressure noise by a factor of two below the standard
quantum limit. This result in then applied to a thermal noise
detection system. The reduction in radiation pressure noise is shown
to give improved thermal noise sensitivity, therefore proving that
the modified noise properties of light inside a feedback loop can be
used to reduce quantum measurement noise.
Another method of electro-optic control is electro-optic feedforward.
This is also investigated as a technique for manipulating quantum
measurements. It is used to achieve noiseless amplification of a
phase quadrature signal. The results clearly show that a feedforward
loop is a phase sensitive amplifier that breaks the quantum limit for
phase insensitive amplification. This experiment is the first
demonstration of noiseless phase quadrature amplification.
Finally, feedforward is explored as a tool for improving the
performance of quantum nondemolition measurements. Modelling shows
that feedforward is an effective method of increasing signal transfer
efficiency. Feedforward is also shown to work well in conjunction with
meter squeezing. Together, meter squeezing and feedforward provide a
comprehensive quantum nondemolition enhancement package. Using the
squeezed light from our optical parametric amplifier, an experimental
demonstration of the enhancement scheme is shown to achieve record
signal transfer efficiency of $T_{s}+T_{m}=1.81$.
21
Lanor, Frank. "Predictors of Blood Pressure and Lipids Levels Among African Americans." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5742.
Full textAbstract:
African Americans disproportionately develop cardiovascular disease risk factors including high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels in comparison to European Americans. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of diet quality and physical activity with blood pressure levels and cholesterol levels among African Americans. The social ecological model was the theoretical foundation for the study. Research questions were designed to examine the extent to which diet quality and physical activity predict blood pressure levels and cholesterol levels. The research design was quantitative cross-sectional secondary analysis of 959 participants. After controlling for demographic factors, body mass index, and energy intake, there was a potential nonlinear association between the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and blood pressure levels. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that a fourth-quintile DASH score significantly predicted blood pressure (OR: 0.57; 95% CI [0.35, 0.93]). There was no association between the DASH diet and cholesterol levels. Physical activity was not significantly associated with blood pressure levels or cholesterol levels. Researchers can use these findings to replicate large prospective studies. In addition, findings may be used to promote positive social change by healthcare professionals including dieticians and clinicains, as well as health promotion advocates and other institutions or individuals with public health interest.
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Toner, Mark A. "Early adolescent peer-social attributional style and socio-emotional adjustment a prospective analysis /." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050812.150839/index.html.
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Sterjovski, Zoran. "Investigation of postweld heat treatment of quenched and tempered pressure vessel steels." Access electronically, 2003. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20031127.160623/index.html.
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Daryaei, Hossein, and s3088498@student rmit edu au. "Application of high pressure processing for extending the shelf-life of fresh lactic curd cheese." RMIT University. Applied Science, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080821.155923.
Full textAbstract:
Outgrowth of spoilage yeasts and moulds and post-processing acidification can limit the shelf-life of some fermented dairy products including fresh lactic curd cheeses. The possibility of using high pressure processing (HPP) for controlling these problems was investigated in a commercially manufactured fresh lactic curd cheese (pH 4.3-4.4) and fermented milk models (pH 4.3-6.5). The effects of HPP at 300 and 600 MPa on inactivation of glycolytic enzymes of lactic acid bacteria were also evaluated. Fresh cheeses made from pasteurised bovine milk using a commercial Lactococcus starter preparation were treated with high pressures ranging from 200 to 600 MPa (less than or equal to 22°C, 5 min) under vacuum packaging conditions and subsequently stored at 4°C for 8 weeks. Treatment at greater than or equal to 300 MPa substantially reduced the viable count of Lactococcus and effectively prevented the outgrowth of yeasts and moulds for 6 to 8 weeks without adversely affecting the sensory and textural attributes of the product. However, it had no significant effects (p less than 0.01) on variation of titratable acidity during storage. Fermented milk models were prepared by individually growing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C10, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris BK5, Streptococcus thermophilus TS1, Lactobacillus acidophilus 2400 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2517 in UHT skim milk and diluting the resulting fermented milk with UHT skim milk up to pH 6.5. Pressure treatment of the milk models at pH 5.2 resulted in substantial inhibition of post-processing acidification during storage and markedly reduced the viable count of Lactococcus at both 300 and 600 MPa and other bacteria only at 600 MPa. Treatment of the milk model at 600 MPa decreased the viable counts of Candida zeylanoides and Candida lipolytica (wildtype spoilage yeasts of lactic curd cheese, added as challenge cultures) from 105 CFU mL-1 to below the detection limit (log 0 CFU mL-1) at all pH levels tested (pH 4.3-6.5) and effectively controlled their outgrowth for 8 weeks. Treatment of milk model at 300 MPa had a similar effect only on C. zeylanoides. The viable count of C. lipolytica was reduced by 2.6, 2.4 and 2.3 logs by treatment at 300 MPa at pH levels of 4.3, 5.2 and 6.5, respectively, which subsequently recovered by 2.9, 2.8 and 3.2 logs within 3 weeks. Glycolytic enzymes of various starter bacteria showed different responses to pressure treatment. The lactate dehydrogenase in L. lactis subsp. lactis and Lb. acidophilus was quite resistant to pressures up to 600 MPa, but it was almost completely inactivated in S. thermophilus at pressure levels as low as 300 MPa. The â-galactosidase in Lb. acidophilus was more pressure stable than â-galactosidase in S. thermophilus and Phospho-â-galactosidase in L. lactis subsp. lactis. The findings of this study suggests HPP at 300-600 MPa as an effective method for controlling the outgrowth of some spoilage yeasts and moulds in fresh lactic curd cheeses. The results obtained with selected lactic acid bacteria in fermented milk models can be used to assist in establishing HPP operating parameters for development of new generation cultured dairy products, of reduced acidity and extended shelf-life.
25
Moehansyah, Haji. "Soil erosion, population pressure and conservation strategies in the Riam Kanan catchment, Indonesia /." [Richmond, N.S.W.] : Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030623.113640/index.html.
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Aben, Silvestre Keith. "Influence of elevated COÒ partial pressure on early growth and development of rice /." View thesis View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030522.173813/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2000.<br>A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2000. Bibliography : leaves 178-207.
27
Lackenby, Joanne. "Triaxial behaviour of ballast and the role of confining pressure under cyclic loading." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060808.144325/index.html.
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Kwan, Lai-kam. "Pressure groups and public policy : a study of the role of the Federation of Hong Kong Industries /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12816875.
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Öberg, PerOla. "Särintresse och allmänintresse korparatismens ansikten = [Particular and public interest : the faces of corporatism] /." Uppsala : [Uppsala University], 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33135586.html.
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Allcock, Agnes. "The effects of housing pressure groups on housing policy and public officers in Hong Kong : a case study of the Kwai Tsing District /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1473932X.
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Law, Wing-fai. "Political parties, labor unions and public policies : a study of the impact of pressure groups on the labor importation scheme /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18595923.
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Mihrete, Kifle. "Association Between Fast Food Consumption and Obesity and High Blood Pressure Among Office Workers." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1022.
Full textAbstract:
Fast food consumption among office workers is a common phenomenon. Frequent consumption of fast food is linked to cardiovascular risk factors. The pervasiveness of these risk factors has debilitated the office workers' health and contributed to low performance and absenteeism. However, there remains a significant gap in the current literature regarding the health impacts of frequent fast food consumption behavior of office workers. Consuming large portions of fast food has been associated with obesity. The purpose of this correlation study was to investigate the relationship between fast food consumption and obesity and hypertension among office workers. The theoretical foundations for this study are based on socio ecological model which is concerned with interactions between the individual and the different elements of the environment. Of 145 randomly selected office workers, 55 completed surveys about their food behavior and 36 of them had body mass index and blood pressure measured. Spearman rank-ordered correlations revealed significant correlations of moderate strength between fast food portion size and obesity (rs = .37) and between frequent fast food consumption and hypertension (rs = .40). These results constitute an important contribution to the existing literature and can be used by the health professionals and management to design workplace health intervention which focuses on the office workers and the social environment. Implications for positive social change include reducing the prevalence of obesity and hypertension.
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Chui, Yuen-fun Angela, and 崔婉芬. "An exploration into the elements affecting strategy formation of a public interest group: a case study on thePeople's Council on Squatter Policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31247805.
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Pryll, Richard Leonard. "Solving the solid waste problem : pressure from the public sector for point source reduction /." Online version of thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10868.
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Reynoso-Marreros, Isabel A., Perlita K. Piñarreta-Cornejo, Percy Mayta-Tristan, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz. "Effect of a salt-reduction strategy on blood pressure and acceptability among customers of a food concessionaire in Lima, Peru." Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624713.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: Limited information exists regarding the implementation of salt reduction strategies on collective food services, such as restaurants and food concessionaires. The present study aimed to assess the effect of a salt reduction strategy on blood pressure levels and food acceptability among customers of a food concessionaire. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with two phases was conducted. In the pre-intervention phase, the amount of salt used in food preparation was determined. In the intervention phase, a reduction of 20% in salt added to food preparations was implemented. Four hedonic tests and two blood pressure measurements were performed before and after the intervention implementation using standardised techniques. In addition, an evaluation of uneaten food was conducted daily on all customers' plates. Mixed linear regression models were generated to assess the effect of the intervention on blood pressure and acceptability. Results: A total of 71 workers were evaluated, mean age of 37.5 years, 57.8% females, who consumed the food of the concessionaire, on average, 4.4 (SD: 0.7) days per week. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were reduced by 3.1 (P<0.001) and 2.9 (P<0.001) mmHg at the end of the study, respectively. The results of the hedonic tests and the uneaten food before and after the intervention did not vary significantly. Conclusions: The reduction of 20% of salt added to food from a concessionaire had a positive impact on the reduction of customers' blood pressure without reducing food acceptability. This strategy could be implemented in other contexts.<br>Revisión por pares
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White, Monique Shanta. "Risk Factors for Development of High Blood Pressure and Obesity Among African American Adolescents." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/842.
Full textAbstract:
Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and has been linked to hypertension, especially among African American youth. Optimistic bias leads youth to underestimate their susceptibility to negative health outcomes. Public health officials want to reduce risk factors to result in significant long term reduction in cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to explore adolescent behavior practices in a school district and prevalence of high blood pressure and obesity in that population. The health belief model guided the framework for this study. Research questions examined relationship between individual health risk practices and optimistic bias on health outcomes. Using a correlational research design, 433 African American high school students were administered a face-to-face survey and had their obesity and blood pressure measured by the school nurse. Canonical correlational analyses were used to examine relationships between health risk practices and descriptive statistics for optimistic bias and health outcomes. Among the health risk practices, engaging in moderate exercise for at least 30 minutes in the last 7 days and lower blood pressure was the only statistically significant relationship. Despite presence of clinical risk factors for hypertension and obesity, two-thirds of the students did not perceive themselves to be at risk of developing cardiovascular disease, with males at greater risk than females. Reducing health optimistic bias is viewed as an effective way of motivating young people to adopt more positive behaviors. This study has social change implications for using educational institutions to implement intervention programs that promote positive health behavior among youth not as an individual responsibility but as a way to reduce health disparities at the systemic level.
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McLennan, Bruce Clark. "Contemporary maritime pressures and their implications for naval force structure planning." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070315.111709/index.html.
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Bell, James Andrew, and andrew bell@anu edu au. "The Underwater Piano: A Resonance Theory of Cochlear Mechanics." The Australian National University. Research School of Biological Sciences, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080706.141018.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis takes a fresh approach to cochlear mechanics. Over the last
quarter of a century, we have learnt that the cochlea is active and highly tuned,
observations suggesting that something may be resonating. Rather than accepting the standard traveling wave interpretation, here I investigate whether a resonance theory of some kind can be applied to this remarkable behaviour.¶
A historical survey of resonance theories is first conducted, and advantages
and drawbacks examined. A corresponding look at the traveling wave theory
includes a listing of its short-comings.¶
A new model of the cochlea is put forward that exhibits inherently high
tuning. The surface acoustic wave (SAW) model suggests that the three rows of outer hair cells (OHCs) interact in a similar way to the interdigital transducers of an
electronic SAW device. Analytic equations are developed to describe the conjectured interactions between rows of active OHCs in which each cell is treated as a point source of expanding wavefronts. Motion of a cell launches a wave that is sensed by the stereocilia of neighbouring cells, producing positive feedback. Numerical calculations confirm that this arrangement provides sharp tuning when the feedback gain is set just below oscillation threshold.¶
A major requirement of the SAW model is that the waves carrying the feedback have slow speed (5-200 mm/s) and high dispersion. A wave type with the
required properties is identified - a symmetric Lloyd-Redwood wave (or squirting wave) - and the physical properties of the organ of Corti are shown to well match those required by theory.¶
The squirting wave mechanism may provide a second filter for a primary
traveling wave stimulus, or stand-alone tuning in a pure resonance model. In both, cyclic activity of squirting waves leads to standing waves, and this provides a physical rendering of the cochlear amplifier.
In keeping with pure resonance, this thesis proposes that OHCs react to the
fast pressure wave rather than to bending of stereocilia induced by a traveling wave. Investigation of literature on OHC ultrastructure reveals anatomical features consistent with them being pressure detectors: they possess a cuticular pore (a small compliant spot in an otherwise rigid cell body) and a spherical body within (Hensens
body) that could be compressible. I conclude that OHCs are dual detectors, sensing displacement at high intensities and pressure at low. Thus, the conventional traveling wave could operate at high levels and resonance at levels dominated by the cochlear
amplifier. ¶
The latter picture accords with the description due to Gold (1987) that the cochlea is an underwater piano - a bank of strings that are highly tuned despite immersion in liquid.¶
An autocorrelation analysis of the distinctive outer hair cell geometry shows
trends that support the SAW model. In particular, it explains why maximum
distortion occurs at a ratio of the two primaries of about 1.2. This ratio also produces near-integer ratios in certain hair-cell alignments, suggesting that music may have a cochlear basis.¶
The thesis concludes with an evaluation and proposals to experimentally test
its validity.
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Gorn, Jason A. "German Banks in the Global Economy: Global Pressures and Public Sector Banking." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2008. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/9.
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German banking is distinguished from neighboring European banking systems by the influence of its public sector banks. Nearly 50 percent of German banking is carried out by government owned state banks (ländesbanken) and regional savings banks (sparkassen) whose roots date from the 18 th century. German banks play a particularly important role in the economy and exert more control over firms and corporations than do their American counterparts. German banks tend to be less profitable than foreign counterparts. German public banks were originally founded to foster local and regional business. However, the operations of German public sector banks now extend into all forms of international investment. German public banks are currently seeking new business models to increase profits as they are being forced to compete in the global financial market under liberal market practices dictated by the European Union. Turbulence in the global financial market precipitated by the U.S. sub‐prime mortgage meltdown has severely impacted German public sector banks, precipitating a banking crisis that leaves German taxpayers exposed to staggering losses. These global financial pressures dictate the restructuring of the German financial system. This restructuring has forced a breaking point in the traditional German corporatist banking model and is associated with significant risks to the stability of the German banking system.
40
Lee, Shuk-ping. "Social stability and public policy the role of special interest groups in Macao /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3642433X.
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Litzén, Carolina, and Kristina Josefsson. "Bara för att… : En kvalitativ studie om hur studenter tolkar bilder i en publik kampanj om alkohol." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsforskning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26633.
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En kvalitativ studie har genomförts på tre kampanjbilder från IQ-initiativets satsning “IQ student”. Kampanjbilderna har ett motsvarande tema baserat på att det alltid finns en anledning till att dricka alkohol. Studien har med hjälp av fokusgruppsintervjuer och en intervju med IQ tagit reda på hur IQ vill att studenterna ska tolka bilderna och hur studenterna faktiskt tolkar dem. Studien utgick från teorier som receptionsstudie, semiotik och socialpsykologi. Analysen av resultaten har dessutom ställts upp i förhållande till relevant forskning inom området publika kampanjer och gruppbeteende. Studiens resultat visar bland annat på att IQ vill att studenter ska tänka över sina alkoholvanor och att de på sikt ska minska sin konsumtion av alkohol. Resultatet visar även att studenterna tar till sig budskapet eftersom de kan relatera till det, men tar det sedan inte vidare. Studenterna tycker inte att deras alkoholkonsumtion är ett problem och känner därför inte att det är något de behöver förändra.<br>A qualitative study has been conducted on three campaign images from the company IQ. The campaign is called “IQ student” and the images are based on the same theme, suggesting that students always finds a reason to drink alcohol. We have used focus group interviews and an interview with IQ as our methods to find out how IQ want the students to interpret the images, and also how the student interpret them. The study is based on theories as reception study, semiotics and social psychology. The analysis of the results has also been set in relation to relevant research in the field of public campaigns and group behavior. Our results demonstrate that IQ wants students to think about their alcohol habits and that they want the students to reduce their consumption of alcohol. The result also shows that students embrace the message as they can relate to it, but it does not come any further. The students think that their drinking is not a problem and therefore they don’t want to change anything about their alcohol habits.
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Listerman, Thomas. "Biotechnology in press and public an international study of press coverage about biotechnology and its relationship to public opinion." Dresden TUDpress, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2971569&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Chui, Yuen-fun Angela. "An exploration into the elements affecting strategy formation of a public interest group : a case study on the People's Council on Squatter Policy /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12341721.
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Wong, May-ling Margaret. "A critical analysis of the recommendations of pressure groups on public housing policy in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18040123.
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Lindberg, Nicole, and Adrian Welander. "Den lokala lobbyn : En studie om informella kontakters betydelse för kommunala beslut." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34918.
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Forskningen om lobbyism i Sverige har hittills i huvudsak fokuserat på riksdagen. I den här uppsatsen undersöks lobbyism på kommunal nivå utifrån ett mottagarperspektiv med fokus på beslutsfattare och deras erfarenheter av lobbyism. Syftet är att belysa hur beslutsfattare i svenska kommunfullmäktige uppfattar att lobbyism går till i sina egna kommuner. Studiens utgångspunkt utgörs av lobbyismens relation till demokrati och i den kvalitativt genomförda undersökningen används en analysram baserad på tre värden för demokratisk lobbyism, benämnda transparens, jämlikhet och etik. Empirin har samlats in genom intervjuer med åtta kommunala fullmäktigeledamöter. Resultaten visar att beslutsfattarna upplever att lobbyism inte alls förekommer i de egna kommunerna, eftersom de har en allmän bild av lobbyism som inte överensstämmer med hur de ser på de påverkansförsök som riktas mot dem i det politiska arbetet. Resultaten visar även att politikerna uppfattar beslutsprocesserna som öppna för insyn och lika tillgängliga för medborgarna. De uppfattar också att de olika intressenter som hör av sig i påverkanssyfte förser dem med sanningsenlig information. Samtidigt finner vi att den typ av påverkan som beslutsfattarna anser faktiskt förekommer i kommunen inte fullt ut når upp till teoretiska krav på transparens, jämlikhet och etik, eftersom en del intressenter till viss del verkar ha större möjlighet till inflytande.<br>The impact of lobbyist activities on political decision-making has been studied in Sweden mostly on a presumption that these matters take place on a national level. This paper examines lobbyist activities in the local political processes with a perspective from the recipients point-of-view, namely the decision-makers and their experiences from lobbyist influences. The purpose of the study is to illustrate how decision makers in swedish municipal councils perceive lobbying in their own municipalities. In order to investigate the possible implications of these affairs we have conducted a qualitative research, looking into the democratic aspects of lobbying. For this purpose, we have built a theoretical framework based on three core values of democratic lobbying: transparency, equality and ethics. The empirical data has been collected from interviews with eight members of municipal councils. Our main findings show that the decision-makers deny the occurence of lobbying activities in their own municipalities, as they have a general idea of lobbying that is inconsistent with the kind of attempted influence they actually face in their role as politicians. Further findings reveal that politicians perceive the decision-making process as transparent and as equally accessible to citizens. They also perceive that stakeholders provide them with truthful information. In contrast, we find that the kind of influence that decision-makers believe actually occur in the municipality does not fulfill the theoretical requirements for transparency, equality and ethics, as certain stakeholders to some extent seem to have a greater opportunity to influence.
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Ricketts, Jennifer J., and jricket@sion melb catholic edu au. "Adolescents and power: understandings of power, and deconstruction of negative peer interactions." Swinburne University of Technology. School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 2003. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20041217.122437.
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Contemporary researchers typically classify negative peer interactions as bullying or conflict. Theoretically, bullying involves exploiting a power imbalance to demobilize a peer(s), and conflict involves using power tactics to exert influence or resolve a dispute. This study attempted to explore the exercise of power between adolescent peers within psychological, social psychological and feminist psychological frameworks of power, and bullying and conflict constructions. Three hundred and fifty-two Melbourne students from Years 7 to 10 completed a �Young People�s School Relationships� survey. Students described their understandings of personal and interpersonal power, and rated their perceived power. The experimenter asked the students to differentiate three recent difficult incidents with peers according to perceived power disadvantage (less power), balance (same power) and advantage (more power). They described the difficulties, their responses and their perceptions of the power balance. Outcomes were rated on affect, relationship quality and overall evaluation. Power construction, gender, and year group differences on perceived personal power were examined. Scenario type (less, same, more power), gender, year group (7/8, 9/10), and relationship closeness (not friends, friends) differences on difficulties, responses and outcomes were evaluated. The power constructions formed three themes (�power-within�, �power-with�, �power-over�). Difficulties were subgrouped into three forms (two-way, one-way, other-way) and three types (physical, verbal, social). Responses were categorised into adapting, distancing, dominating and engaging. There was no support for Falbo and Peplau�s (1980) two-dimensional model for classifying types of interpersonal responses in power-differentiated situations. Power was constructed most frequently as �power-within�. Perceived power ratings formed a Global Power Score (GPS), with males reporting higher GPSs. Males and year group 7/8 reported more physical difficulties in the �same� power, and females and year group 7/8 more social difficulties in the �less� and �more� power scenarios. Students reported more adapting responses in the difficult interpersonal situations. Adapting and distancing responses were more frequent in the less power scenario, and dominating and engaging more frequent in the more and less power scenarios respectively. Affect and relationship status outcomes were rated more positively in same power scenario. Outcomes were more positive for difficulties with friends. Students rated their responses more positively when they used engaging strategies, but less positively when they used distancing or dominating. Power theories provided partial explanations for the findings and alternative frameworks to bullying and conflict for understanding negative peer interactions. This study extends on knowledge of adolescents� school-based relationships and proposes a power model for schools
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Allcock, Agnes, and 鍾小玲. "The effects of housing pressure groups on housing policy and public officers in Hong Kong: a case study of theKwai Tsing District." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967681.
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Wong, May-ling Margaret, and 王美玲. "A critical analysis of the recommendations of pressure groups on public housing policy in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967954.
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Thompson, Brittany, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Under pressure : Women's Health and the social constructions of aging / Brittany Thompson." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Kinesiology, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2610.
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This thesis project explores social constructions of aging women within Women’s Health magazine. There is limited scholarly literature on representations of aging women within popular health/fitness media, such as magazines. The limited current research which does exist suggests that aging women are subjected to negative stereotypes and gendered myths within our societal and cultural values with respect to aging (Vertinsky, 1994). Media representations are strong and pervasive reflections of societal norms and expectations and may impact the way women view themselves. I therefore undertook a Foucaultian discourse analysis of Women’s Health magazine to examine if/how gendered constructions of aging are functioning within representations of health directed to women of all ages. I found that Women’s Health reproduces aging women as useless, failures, problems to be managed, and other to normative femininity. Women’s Health reinforces that aging can and should be managed through the consumption of anti-aging products, procedures, and surgeries endorsed within the magazine.<br>v, 125 leaves ; 29 cm
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Tse, Mei Yee. "How students deal with pressure of public examinations : a diary-interview study of eight candidates taking the public examinations in Hong Kong." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.684640.
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It is said that students in Hong Kong are under great pressure to succeed in public examinations since the educational reform was launched. In order to explore ways to help students suffering with pressure and anxiety, the researcher conducted a qualitative study on a group of candidates for understanding the phenomenon. The researcher adopted a theoretical sampling strategy to select 8 candidates for this study. The researcher adopted the diary and interview method to capture data. Zimmerman and Wieder (1977) called this combined method as a 'diary-interview method' for which the diary was often used as a basis for intensive interviewing (Zimmerman & Wieder, 1977; Bell, 2006). Accordingly, the researcher used the diary method to understand the daily issues and pressure of the participants; and then used the interview method for further investigations. Data obtained in diaries provided the researcher with many clues and themes for in-depth interviews. After data collection, she used the method of thematic analysis for data management and data analysis. In this study, through the diary method, the researcher found the daily workloads of the students were great, which includes the workload from the School-based Assessments (SBA), presentations, projects and supplementary lessons for examinations. She also found some students suffered from different sickness such as stomach ache and headache. More importantly, through in-depth interviews, the researcher found the family was a great factor affecting the students to face the public examinations, and this family factor complicatedly interlocked with the Chinese culture of 'filial piety'. The family was an important motivational factor for the students, at the same time, had made them bear significant additional pressure for learning. Furthermore, the researcher found that components of examination pressure, including cognitive, emotional, behavioural and physical, interacted with some important patterns. The findings were discussed in-depth and recommendations for interventions are made in this study