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Bagnaresi, Silvia. "Fire safety verifications of a prestressed concrete structure: natural fire vs ISO 834 curve." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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During years, the codes that regulate verifications against fire change a lot. They allow the use of engineering methods to approach problems by using Fire Safety Engineering. This thesis keeps in consideration the most recent fire prevention code (DM 16/10/2018) and highlights the difference between a compliant and an alternative solution for fire verification with a performance level III of a prestressed concrete warehouse with an ESFR shutdown system. To do it, has been done a comparison between the ISO 845 curve and a natural fire curve. For the natural fire case has been considered all the factors that influence the propagation or mitigation of the fire scenario (e.g. materials, fire load, ESFR system, type of activity and so on). Once do that, two FDS® simulations has been performed. The first one detects the ESFR time activation and the second has the aim to know time-temperature curves on load bearing elements through the implementation of the assumed final natural fire curve. Then, the behavior of the precast and prestressed concrete structure has been investigated, both with the ISO curve and the natural fire curve. In order to apply time-temperature curves in cross sections, some SAFIR® simulations has been done on the principal structural elements with both the fire curves. On the thinner cross section has been done also some hand-made verifications (from EC 1992-1-2). Then 2D and 3D mechanical analysis has been performed with SAFIR® considering the previous thermal mappings. The case analyzed with the ISO curve present wide displacements and the collapse of secondary beams, instead the case analyzed with the natural fire curve meets the requirements.
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Lugerová, Markéta. "Most na silnici I/55." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240345.
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The diploma thesis deals with design and assessment of the main structure of the road bridge which leads the road I/55 over the highway D1. The thesis contains three designs of the construction. One design was chosen for detail solution. The thesis includes statical analysis, drawing documentation and visualization.
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Neeli, Yeshwanth Sai. "Use of Photogrammetry Aided Damage Detection for Residual Strength Estimation of Corrosion Damaged Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99445.
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Corrosion damage reduces the load-carrying capacity of bridges which poses a threat to passenger safety. The objective of this research was to reduce the resources involved in conventional bridge inspections which are an important tool in the condition assessment of bridges and to help in determining if live load testing is necessary. This research proposes a framework to link semi-automated damage detection on prestressed concrete bridge girders with the estimation of their residual flexural capacity. The framework was implemented on four full-scale corrosion damaged girders from decommissioned bridges in Virginia. 3D point clouds of the girders reconstructed from images using Structure from Motion (SfM) approach were textured with images containing cracks detected at pixel level using a U-Net (Fully Convolutional Network). Spalls were detected by identifying the locations where normals associated with the points in the 3D point cloud deviated from being perpendicular to the reference directions chosen, by an amount greater than a threshold angle. 3D textured mesh models, overlaid with the detected cracks and spalls were used as 3D damage maps to determine reduced cross-sectional areas of prestressing strands to account for the corrosion damage as per the recommendations of Naito, Jones, and Hodgson (2011). Scaling them to real-world dimensions enabled the measurement of any required dimension, eliminating the need for physical contact.
The flexural capacities of a box beam and an I-beam estimated using strain compatibility analysis were validated with the actual capacities at failure sections determined from four destructive tests conducted by Al Rufaydah (2020). Along with the reduction in the cross-sectional areas of strands, limiting the ultimate strain that heavily corroded strands can develop was explored as a possible way to improve the results of the analysis. Strain compatibility analysis was used to estimate the ultimate rupture strain, in the heavily corroded bottommost layer prestressing strands exposed before the box beam was tested. More research is required to associate each level of strand corrosion with an average ultimate strain at which the corroded strands rupture. This framework was found to give satisfactory estimates of the residual strength. Reduction in resources involved in current visual inspection practices and eliminating the need for physical access, make this approach worthwhile to be explored further to improve the output of each step in the proposed framework.Master of Science
Corrosion damage is a major concern for bridges as it reduces their load carrying capacity. Bridge failures in the past have been attributed to corrosion damage. The risk associated with corrosion damage caused failures increases as the infrastructure ages. Many bridges across the world built forty to fifty years ago are now in a deteriorated condition and need to be repaired and retrofitted. Visual inspections to identify damage or deterioration on a bridge are very important to assess the condition of the bridge and determine the need for repairing or for posting weight restrictions for the vehicles that use the bridge. These inspections require close physical access to the hard-to-reach areas of the bridge for physically measuring the damage which involves many resources in the form of experienced engineers, skilled labor, equipment, time, and money. The safety of the personnel involved in the inspections is also a major concern. Nowadays, a lot of research is being done in using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) like drones for bridge inspections and in using artificial intelligence for the detection of cracks on the images of concrete and steel members. Girders or beams in a bridge are the primary longitudinal load carrying members. Concrete inherently is weak in tension. To address this problem, High Strength steel reinforcement (called prestressing steel or prestressing strands) in prestressed concrete beams is pre-loaded with a tensile force before the application of any loads so that the regions which will experience tension under the service loads would be subjected to a pre-compression to improve the performance of the beam and delay cracking. Spalls are a type of corrosion damage on concrete members where portions of concrete fall off (section loss) due to corrosion in the steel reinforcement, exposing the reinforcement to the environment which leads to accelerated corrosion causing a loss of cross-sectional area and ultimately, a rupture in the steel. If the process of detecting the damage (cracks, spalls, exposed or severed reinforcement, etc.) is automated, the next logical step that would add great value would be, to quantify the effect of the damage detected on the load carrying capacity of the bridges. Using a quantified estimate of the remaining capacity of a bridge, determined after accounting for the corrosion damage, informed decisions can be made about the measures to be taken. This research proposes a stepwise framework to forge a link between a semi-automated visual inspection and residual capacity evaluation of actual prestressed concrete bridge girders obtained from two bridges that have been removed from service in Virginia due to extensive deterioration. 3D point clouds represent an object as a set of points on its surface in three dimensional space. These point clouds can be constructed either using laser scanning or using Photogrammetry from images of the girders captured with a digital camera. In this research, 3D point clouds are reconstructed from sequences of overlapping images of the girders using an approach called Structure from Motion (SfM) which locates matched pixels present between consecutive images in the 3D space. Crack-like features were automatically detected and highlighted on the images of the girders that were used to build the 3D point clouds using artificial intelligence (Neural Network). The images with cracks highlighted were applied as texture to the surface mesh on the point cloud to transfer the detail, color, and realism present in the images to the 3D model. Spalls were detected on 3D point clouds based on the orientation of the normals associated with the points with respect to the reference directions. Point clouds and textured meshes of the girders were scaled to real-world dimensions facilitating the measurement of any required dimension on the point clouds, eliminating the need for physical contact in condition assessment. Any cracks or spalls that went unidentified in the damage detection were visible on the textured meshes of the girders improving the performance of the approach. 3D textured mesh models of the girders overlaid with the detected cracks and spalls were used as 3D damage maps in residual strength estimation. Cross-sectional slices were extracted from the dense point clouds at various sections along the length of each girder. The slices were overlaid on the cross-section drawings of the girders, and the prestressing strands affected due to the corrosion damage were identified. They were reduced in cross-sectional area to account for the corrosion damage as per the recommendations of Naito, Jones, and Hodgson (2011) and were used in the calculation of the ultimate moment capacity of the girders using an approach called strain compatibility analysis. Estimated residual capacities were compared to the actual capacities of the girders found from destructive tests conducted by Al Rufaydah (2020). Comparisons are presented for the failure sections in these tests and the results were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of this framework. More research is to be done to determine the factors causing rupture in prestressing strands with different degrees of corrosion. This framework was found to give satisfactory estimates of the residual strength. Reduction in resources involved in current visual inspection practices and eliminating the need for physical access, make this approach worthwhile to be explored further to improve the output of each step in the proposed framework.
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Menšík, Martin. "Most přes řeku Jihlava." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265268.
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The master's thesis object is to design a road bridge over the Jihlava river. Three studies are proposed from which pre-stressed two-beam structure with three spans variant is chosen. A detailed structural analysis elaborated and the bridge is analysed according to ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state. Drawing documentation and visualisation were made. The structure design is based on the European standarts.
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Russnák, Adam. "Estakáda přes silnici II/434." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226749.
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Subject of this master thesis is a flyover bridge over the road II/434 and flood-land. As a load-bearing construction is designed two-beam structure. Traffic loads on this structure are considered according to standard ČSN EN 1991-2. The structure design is based on resultant stressing according to standard ČSN EN 1992-2.
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Starý, Marek. "Rekonstrukce budovy pivovaru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226422.
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Olšák, Martin. "Obloukový most přes dálnici." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240380.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is design of arch bridge across the highway. Has been elected self-anchored structure with span of arch 60 m and trapezoid bridge deck from prestressed concrete. The load effects is calculated by software Scia Engineer including time dependent analysis. The supporting structure is assessed for the ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state. Static assessment is done by hand calculation according to CSN EN 1992-2. Part of the thesis is drawing and visualization of the bridge.
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Anděl, Martin. "Návrh předpjaté mostní konstrukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226926.
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The aim of this thesis was to suggest two alternatives of a prestressed concrete bridge structure over the river Jihlava in Ivančice and to design the chosen one. The structure was designed as a one-span frame bridge with the span range of 46,0 m. Both design and relevant drawing documentation of the slab, abutment and strip foundation was made.
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Nicklisch, Arndt W. 1975. "Adaptively prestressed concrete structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9144.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-96).
Passive structures react effectively to only one dominant loading condition. Adaptive structures in contrast can deal with multiple loading conditions and unanticipated events at the same time. Truly adaptive civil structures do not exist. Concrete structures can be made adaptive through variable prestressing. Design concepts for an adaptive prestressed concrete girder are formulated in this research. Loading conditions and desired capabilities of the proposed system are defined. The system architecture is composed of sensors, a monitoring and control scheme, and actuators. These system components perform state identification, decision-making, and implementation of actions. Each system component is assigned requirements that are necessary to deal with all loading conditions in an appropriate way. Existing sensor technologies are explained and evaluated with respect to their capabilities to fulfill their functional requirements. A monitoring scheme is designed to interpret data assessed by the sensors for state identification. Adaptive control systems cannot be designed with conventional control algorithms. New control decision systems such as neural nets, expert systems, and fuzzy logic systems are needed for this task. Here, these systems are presented in general as forms of adaptive control. For each loading condition of the proposed system, a control strategy is developed. For the control of fluctuating live loads, a fuzzy logic based control scheme is proposed. Criteria for the selection of actuator technologies are given, and candidate actuator technologies are described and evaluated. Lastly, the problems associated with integrating the system components into a single system are discussed.
by Arndt W. Nicklisch.
S.M.
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Horut, Jakub. "Spojitá betonová mostní konstrukce na rychlostní komunikaci R2." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265395.
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The subject of master thesis is expressway R2 in Slovakia through a valley. Height of the construction is limited by a railway line and a local road. From two designed variants was chosen one and futher examined. The span lenght of bridge fields is 24,5 +5 x 30+24,5m. The structure was designed according to ultimate and serviceability limite states and construction stages were considered in model. In master thesis was processed structural design report, drawnings, visualization and engineering report.
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Kudličková, Jitka. "Nosná konstrukce horského hotelu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265675.
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Master’s thesis is based on analysis and design of a load bearing structure of an mountains hotel. Mountain hotel schould be realized in the village Vernirovice in Šumperk district. The proposed structure is formed 4th floors. In 1.NP is a restaurant, a sports and wellness center. In 2.NP in the right side is situated the swimming pool. In 2 to 4 floor are located rooms. This structure is supported with a strip footing made of reinforced concrete. The main load-bearing elements in the vertical direction are in 1.NP reinforced concrete walls and columns, the upper floors bearing masonry walls of ceramic blocks THERM. The inner support walls are 300 mm thick, outside support walls are 400 mm thick. Floors are constructed of carrying plates with girders above the larger openings. These plates and girders are made of reinforced concrete. In the 2 floor are beams with the span of 8,8 m. These girders are designed of prestressed concrete cause the large loads. Individual levels are connected with monolithic concrete staircases. Around the middle of the building is a monolithic reinforced concrete elevator shaft. The highest elevation above grade level is 16 m. The thesis also deals with relevant drawing documentations for chosen parts of construction.The building is located in the ski area VI and IV wind areas.
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Lai, Hoke Sai. "Partially prestressed concrete internal square panel." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/301/.
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This work is concerned with the general behaviour of an internal panel in a column supported multi-bay floor structure, under the influence of various prestressing tendon arrangements. The prestressing effects are studied with the help of a finite element package (PAFEC), representing the prestressing forces by equivalent vertical loads. From a variety of possible spacing arrangements, the distribution of prestressing moments is shown to be most effective in counteracting the moments due to externally imposed load when the tendons are narrowly banded in the column vicinity. The effects of tendon arrangement on slab behaviour are further investigated by means of an experimental programme comprising three series of ten tests of 1.5m span partially prestressed panel with typical span to depth ratio, levels of loading, levels of prestress and geometry of tendon profiles. The models were fixed along the edges to simulate the continuity of an internal panel in a multi-panel slab system. Post-tensioned tendons were arranged in various patterns, as currently employed in construction practice, to induce either a medium or a low level of prestress in the test panel, conforming to the design recommendations of a number of codes of practice. Test results indicated that the serviceability behaviour of the slabs with a low level of prestress was strongly influenced by the tendon distribution and the amount of non-prestressed reinforcement. Slabs with tendons banded closely in the column area exhibited a higher cracking load and were stiffer after cracking. The flexural strength of the test slabs was found to be greater than that predicted by yield line theory and the increase was attributed to membrane action. The experimental values of tendon stress at ultimate load and of punching shear were compared with those obtained by various design methods.
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Mašek, Petr. "Statické řešení železobetonové konstrukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371947.
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This diploma thesis deals with study of feasibility of waterpark monolithic reinforced concrete structure with roof terrace. This structure has one underground floor, which has water park utility function and two above ground floors. On the roof is terrace with grass, mobile bar and with space to relax. Subject of this diploma thesis is the main loadbearing frame, which has span 32 m. The structure is assessed according to limit states of valid norms and also takes into account construction stages and time dependent analysis. The structure is calculated on beam and slab-plate structural models. Structural analysis and general drawings are done.
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Elfergani, Hisham. "Acoustic emission analysis of prestressed concrete structures." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/49383/.
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This thesis examines the role of Acoustic Emission (AE) as a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique for prestressed and reinforced concrete structures. The work focuses on the development of experimental techniques and data analysis methods for the detection, location and assessment of AE from prestressed and reinforced concrete specimens. This thesis reveals that AE can be used to detect the onset of corrosion activity in wire in the interface between prestressed concrete and mortar as found in prestressed concrete pipes. Furthermore, this technique can be used to locate the corrosion activity on different size prestressed concrete samples. By correlation between three parameters of classical AE analysis techniques (traditional parameters), damage can be detected and located whilst the corrosion area, macro crack and crack propagation can be identified. However, it cannot classify the crack type. Different damage modes, including corrosion activity, micro/macro cracking formation, crack propagation and wire failure generate different types of AE signals with varying amplitudes and absolute energy emitted. A novel analysis approach has been used on composite materials (concrete, mortar and steel) to evaluate differing crack types by a combination of the classical acoustic emission analysis technique and advanced analysis Rise time / Amplitude (RA) and Average Frequency (AF), results proved the effectiveness of the developed techniques for damage detection and classification crack types. The relationship between RA value and AF value can be used to determine the crack area and classify it as either tensile crack type, other type (shear movement) or no crack. The results of the research have demonstrated that the AE technique is valid in larger scale monitoring and hence the potential for monitoring real structures such as prestressed concrete pipes. Use of Kernel Density Estimation Function (KDEF) provides improved visualisation of the data to represent clearly the RA/AF values. Key Words: Acoustic Emission, Corrosion, Reinforced Concrete, Prestressed Concrete, Micro and Macro Concrete Cracks, Crack classification, Source Location, Damage Assessment, Monitoring.
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Buchner, Susanne. "Full scale testing of prestressed concrete structures." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1989. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804425/.
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Ibell, Timothy. "Behaviour of anchorage zones for prestressed concrete." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259477.
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Chan, Andrew Kay Ching. "Impact behaviour of model prestressed concrete beams." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1986. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3484/.
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This research work investigates the impact behaviour of prestressed concrete beams. A total number of forty 1000 mm long model beams with a rectangular section of 44 x 65 mm were cast. The beams were divided into four with ten beams in each series. Each beam was prestressed by four 1.6 mm diameter piano vire3 and the shear reinforcement va3 varied from series to series. The test rig available was modified so that the beam could have pin-end supports with a span of 600 mm and a static or impact load could be applied at the midspan. A total number of 40 static tests (8 static and 32 post-impact-static) and 32 impact tests were performed. The static load was applied by a screw jack via a one meter long steel pressure bar. The impact load was produced by the impact of a 350 mm steel cylinder projected at velocities of 4 to 17 m/s by compressed air onto the same pressure bar. In each impact test, the impact force-time history was recorded by the electrical resistance foil strain gauges attached on the pressure bar. The transient deflections at various positions along the span were measured by linear variable differential transducers and the reaction was measured by aluminium load cells on which electrical resistance strain gauges were fixed. A dynamic plastic model proposed by Ezra(90) was developed and applied in conjunction 'with the one-degree of freedom system to evaluate the maximum dynamic midspan deflection, reactions, energy absorption capacity and the initial impact beam velocity. A comparison was made between the predicted and the experimental results.
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Montague, T. I. "Concrete blockwork diaphragm walls - prestressed and unprestressed." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293672.
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Foo, M. H. "Behaviour of partially prestressed concrete structures under fatigue loading /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf686.pdf.
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Xu, Jiangong Barnes Robert W. "Nondestructive evaluation of prestressed concrete structures by means of acoustic emissions monitoring." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1429.
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Pejčoch, Karel. "Lávka pro pěší přes řeku Berounku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265304.
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THE OBJECT OF THE MASTER THESIS IS TO DESIGN OF SUPPORTING STRUCTURE OF PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE SITUATED OVER THE RIVER OF BEROUNKA. THE THESIS CONTAINS STATIC ANALYSIS OF THE CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE WITH TWO FIELDS, WHICH WAS CALCULATED IN THREE VERSIONS .THE CHOSEN VERSION OF THE BRIDGE CONSIST OF MONOLITIC AND PRECAST CONCRETE BRIDGE DECK, WHICH IS CONSTRAINED USING PRESTRESSED CABELS AND SUPPORTED BY HANGINGS.THE CALCULATIONS OF THE LONGITUDINAL WAS PERFORMED BY COMPUTATIONAL SOFTWARE OF SCIA ENGINEERING 15.1
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Shmerling, Robert Zachary. "STRUCTURAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE TRANSIT GUIDEWAYS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3529.
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Objective condition assessment is essential to make better decisions for safety and serviceability of existing civil infrastructure systems. This study explores the condition of an existing transit guideway system that has been in service for thirty-five years. The structural system is composed of six-span continuous prestressed concrete bridge segments. The overall transit system incorporates a number of continuous bridges which share common design details, geometries, and loading conditions. The original analysis is based on certain simplifying assumptions such as rigid behavior over supports and simplified tendon/concrete/steel plate interaction. The current objective is to conduct a representative study for a more accurate understanding of the structural system and its behavior. The scope of the study is to generate finite element models (FEMs) to be used in static and dynamic parameter sensitivity studies, as well load rating and reliability analysis of the structure. The FEMs are used for eigenvalue analysis and simulations. Parameter sensitivity studies consider the effect of changing critical parameters, including material properties, prestress loss, and boundary and continuity conditions, on the static and dynamic structural response. Load ratings are developed using an American Association for State Highway Transportation Officials Load and Resistance Factor Rating (AASHTO LRFR) approach. The reliability of the structural system is evaluated based on the data obtained from various finite element models. Recommendations for experimental validation of the FEM are presented. This study is expected to provide information to make better decisions for operations, maintenance and safety requirements; to be a benchmark for future studies, to establish a procedure and methodology for structural condition assessment, and to contribute to the general research body of knowledge in condition assessment and structural health monitoring.M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
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Ziadet, G. "Time-dependant analysis of prestressed concrete segmental bridges." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233584.
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Ozel, Alperen. "Seismic Design of a Prestressed Concrete Bridge." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2181.
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Latest advancements in software have become an indispensable tool in structural analysis. The main goal of this thesis is to examine dynamic responses of bridges in seismic activity with the help of such tool as CSi Bridge. Therefore, throughout this study, a prestressed concrete bridge model will be thoroughly designed. In the first section, the required materials and structural components will be introduced. The following section will cover calculations required for modeling. The actual modeling of the structure will be carried out in Section 3. In Section 4, the set of required analysis for seismic design such as modal, pushover and response spectrum will be conducted. Lastly, in Section 5, analysis results will be evaluated. Thus, by examining the entire model, its construction, materials used, provided properties and conditions such as location on earth, seismic magnitude, it will be determined whether the design is sufficient and acceptable or not.
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Linkeshwaran, Ponnam Palam. "Time dependent behaviour of statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7684.
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Miao, Buquan. "Effets mécaniques dus au retrait de dessiccation du béton." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENPC8912.
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Etude expérimentale de la fissuration de peau dans les structures, par création d'entailles à profondeur successives sur dalles ayant séchées pendant 56 jours ; constatation d'une ouverture des lèvres de l'entaille, même en présence de précontrainte, et d'un comportement de la structure restant linéaire après libération des contraintes. Modèle stochastique pour la distribution des contraintes de fluage-retrait.
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Wissawapaisal, Komwut. "Nondestructive testing of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures using acoustic waveguides." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2049.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 204 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 190-195).
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Paine, Kevin Andrew. "Steel fibre reinforced concrete for prestressed hollow core slabs." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11095/.
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An investigation of prestressed concrete containing steel fibres as secondary reinforcement to improve performance in shear, flexure and bond is reported. Emphasis is placed on the use of steel fibres in prestresssed extruded hollow core slabs, since these common precast elements have intrinsic difficulty in incorporating traditional secondary reinforcement due to their unique shape and manufacturing method. Two separate studies were carried out. The first study involved laboratory investigations into the bond between fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) and the prestressing strand, and the shear behaviour of laboratory-cast prestressed fibre reinforced concrete (PFRC) beams. The second part involved the factory production of fibre reinforced hollow core slabs in co-operation with a local manufacturer. The fibre reinforced hollow core slabs were subjected to conventional full-width shear tests, concentrated load shear tests, and to transverse flexure. For all laboratory cast elements, cubes, cylinders and prisms were cast to investigate compressive, tensile and flexural properties, respectively. Two types of steel fibre were investigated: hooked-end steel fibres at fibre volume fractions (Vf) of 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%; and amorphous metal fibres at Vf‘s of 0.28% and 0.56%. The trial production of fibre reinforced hollow core slabs necessitated the investigation of the effect of steel fibres on the extrusion manufacturing process. It was shown that fibre reinforced hollow core slabs could be adequately compacted with only slight increases in mixing water. Fibres were found to distribute randomly throughout the cross-section. However, the rotation of the augers affected the orientation of fibres, with fibres tending to align vertically in the web. It was shown that the addition of steel fibres to prestressed concrete has a negative effect on the bond between matrix and tendon, leading to longer transfer lengths. The effect of the increase in transfer length was to reduce cracking shear strengths by 4%. Shear tests showed that the incorporation of steel fibres could increase shear strength by as much as 45% for Vf = 1.5%. This increase in shear strength, known as the fibre contribution, was shown to be due to fibres bridging across the crack and an increased compressive resistance due to fibres arresting the propagation of cracks into the compressive zone. A semi-empirical equation for shear strength of PFRC elements is developed. It is given in two forms, one compatible with the present equations for prestressed concrete given in BS 8110 and Eurocode 2, and a second form compatible with that advocated for fibres in reinforced concrete. The equation makes use of equivalent flexural strength which is recognised as the most useful material property for design of FRC. The equation was found to give good correlation with the shear strength of single web beams cast both in the laboratory and under factory conditions. However, a overall strength reduction factor is required for full-width hollow core slabs to account for uneven load distribution and inconsistent web widths. This is consistent with tests on plain hollow core slabs found in the literature.
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Kalců, Martin. "Stavebně technologický projekt realizace Místní komunikace ve Žďáru nad Sázavou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227843.
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This diploma thesis deals with the development of constructive technology project od local road in Žďár nad Sázavou. Specifically, there is a solution prestressed reinforced concrete construction of the bridge over the Sázava river according to the extent of the diploma work.
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Bouchicha, Mohamed. "Concentrated load distribution in precast and composite prestressed concrete floors." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316657.
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Gale, Luke. "Behaviour of multiple anchorage systems for FRP-prestressed concrete structures." Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425631.
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Siegwart, Michael. "The feasibility of electrochemical chloride extraction on prestressed concrete structures." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252423.
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Nishiyama, Minehiro. "Seismic Response and Seismic Design of Prestressed Concrete Building Structures." Kyoto University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/74644.
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Jetmar, Ondřej. "Nadjezd nad dálnicí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226931.
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The thesis deals with the design of a bridge structures panning the highway. While designing the structure, it was vital to consider and implement the needs for both the aesthetic and economical desires and requirements. Of the two design solutions in the thesis, the one of the three-spaninteg rated spandrel beam is chosen. The main goal is a thorough design of the a forementioned load bearing structure.
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Hibš, Daniel. "Lávka pro pěší." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392084.
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This diploma thesis deals with the design of a new bridge construction over a multi-lane communication. The converted road is a pedestrian and biking trail connecting significant agglomerations. Three studies were worked out in this thesis and the C variant was selected for further detailed processing. It is an unsymmetrical suspended bridge with a cast-in-place deck. In the section above the communication, the bridge is made up of prefabricated segments. Suspension of the structure is made of two sloping pylons forming a V-shape. The analysis of the construction was carried out in the MIDAS Civil program, where a complete model of construction was entered, including a subsequent estacade. The model describes the construction process and includes creep and shrinkage of the concrete. The traffic, temperature and wind loads were used. The design was assessed for the ultimate limit states and serviceability limit states. The assessment was carried out in the IDEA StatiCa program, supplemented by manual calculations. The static calculations also include assessment of the harmonic response. Subsequently, overview drawings, detailed drawings and visualizations were developed.
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Nečas, Daniel. "Nosná konstrukce bytového domu Palackého třída 24, Brno." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225911.
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Master’s thesis is based on analysis and design of a load bearing structure of an apartment block. This structure is supported with a strip footing made of reinforced concrete. The above-ground part of designed structure consists of brick masonry. Floors are constructed of carrying plates. These plates are made of reinforced concrete and precast boards (prestressed concrete). Individual levels are connected with monolithic concrete staircases. The thesis also deals with relevant drawing documentations for chosen parts of construction.
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Saeed, Yasir Matloob. "Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Beams with CFRP Strands." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2726.
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The high cost of repairing reinforced or prestressed concrete structures due to steel corrosion has driven engineers to look for solutions. Much research has been conducted over the last two decades to evaluate the use of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) in concrete structures. Structural engineering researchers have been testing FRP to determine their usability instead of steel for strengthening existing reinforced concrete structures, reinforcing new concrete members, and for prestressed concrete applications. The high strength-to-weight ratio of FRP materials, especially Carbon FRP (CFRP), and their non-corrosive nature are probably the most attractive features of FRPs.
In this study, an experimental program was conducted to investigate the flexural behavior of prestressed concrete beams pre-tensioned with CFRP strands. The bond characteristics were examined by means of experimentally measuring transfer length, flexural bond length, and bond stress profiles. A total of four rectangular beams pre-tensioned with one 0.5-in. diameter CFRP strand were fabricated and tested under cyclic loading for five cycles, followed by a monotonically increasing load until failure. In investigating bond properties, the experimental results were compared to the equations available in the literature.
The results from the four flexural tests showed that the main problem of CFRP strands, in addition to their liner-elastic tensile behavior, was lack of adequate bonding between FRP and concrete. Poor bonding resulted in early failure due to slippage between FRPs and concrete. As a result, a new technique was developed in order to solve the bonding issues and improve the flexural response of CFRP prestressed concrete beams. The new technique involved anchoring the CFRP strands at the ends of the concrete beams using a new "steel tube" anchorage system. It was concluded that the new technique solved the bond problem and improved the flexural capacity by about 46%.
A computer model was created to predict the behavior of prestressed beams pre-tensioned with CFRP. The predicted behavior was compared to the experimental results. Finally, the experimental results were compared to the behavior of prestressed concrete beams pre-tensioned with steel strands as generated by the computer model. The CFRP beams showed higher strength but lower ductility.
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Jayasinghe, M. T. R. "Rationalization of prestressed concrete spine beam design philosophy for expert systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239613.
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Myers, John Joseph. "Production and quality control of high performance concrete in Texas bridge structures /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Ahmad, Syed Iftikhar. "Flexural and shear strengthening of concrete structures with prestressed GFRP sheets." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29336.
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Although Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite sheets have showed excellent results in laboratory for strengthening reinforced concrete structures, it could not get wide popularity in field application cost. To address this problem the present study was carried out to explore the possibility of using Glass FRP (GFRP) composite sheets which is relatively cheap material. GFRP has relatively low modulus of elasticity and therefore disregarded for strengthening in the past.
Active strengthening technique i.e. prestressing was used for maximum utilization of GFRP strength. Prestressing has not only helped in achieving this goal but also improved the behaviour of strengthened member under service load and delayed premature delamination. Long term losses associated with prestressing were also studied and it was found in acceptable range. The research work comprised of both experimental and analytical investigations.
The experimental program consisted of testing twenty three (eight flexure and fifteen shear), rectangular section, simply supported reinforced concrete beams. The variables in flexure beams were levels of prestressing, number of GFRP layers, and conventional reinforcement ratio. In shear beams variables were shear span to effective depth (a/d) ratio, number of prestressed GFRP layers, non-prestressed GFRP U-straps and U-jackets. Flexure beams strengthened with prestressed GFRP sheet showed higher increase in flexural capacity and better serviceability behaviour. Shear beams strengthened with prestressed GFRP sheets showed increase in shear capacity. Delay in sheet delamination was noted in prestressed GFRP sheet. Long term retention of prestressing force in GFRP sheets was noted in strengthened beams. An innovative and easy to apply prestressing system was developed in this study.
Recommendation was framed for modification in the prestressing system for field application.
The analytical tool i.e. Response 2000, used in this study accurately predicts the flexural beam behaviour whereas prediction of shear capacity was underestimated due to ignoring the effect of transverse clamping force on shear capacity. For the rest of shear beams, the model accurately predicted the shear capacity. Comparison of predicted and observed results of shear and flexure beams was carried out and it was concluded that prestressing of GFRP sheet is a useful and economical technique for strengthening of structural members.
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Feghali, Habib Labib. "Seismic performance of flexible concrete structures /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Carboni, Munoz Alvaro Antonio. "Prestressed concrete aerospace autoclave ovens: feasibility and opportunities for the industry." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23456/.
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With the current and future growth of composites in the aeronautic industry, market pressure is increasing for fabricants to obtain the largest possible composite sections, in order to reduce the use weight and complexity of the final product. In this scenario, autoclaves remain as the main constraint to determine the maximum size of a composite element that can be produced and thus, the question on how larger autoclaves can be built is ever more relevant.
This research aims to explore the possibilities, strengths and weaknesses that prestressed concrete presents as a possible material for a new generation of super large autoclaves. To determine the feasibility of the concept, the current state of the art in prestressed structures was studied to determine a viable design scope and the behavior of the structure in key areas, such as fatigue and comparative material consumption. Then, estimations were performed in consideration to the applicable construction codes as well as simplified numerical models, in order to obtain a rough estimate in terms of stresses and material demand.
Finally, a study case was considered for an ultra large autoclave (10m diameter, 84m length) using the previously estimated designs, to study the static and dynamic behavior of the structure.
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Boehm, Kurtis McKinley Barnes Robert W. "Structural performance of self-consolidating concrete in AASHTO type I prestressed girders." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Civil_Engineering/Thesis/Boehm_Kurtis_25.pdf.
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AlHamaidah, A. S. M. "The structural behaviour of horizontally curved prestressed concrete box girder bridges." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/43834/.
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Bridges are important and efficient structures which are comprised of a number of elements and substructures, namely the deck, abutment and foundation and possibly additional intermediate supports. Recently the horizontally curved box girder bridge has become more desirable in modern motorway systems and big cities. Even though numerous amounts of research have been in progress to analyse and understand the behaviour of all types of box-girder bridges, the results from these different research projects are unevaluated and dispersed. Therefore, a clear understanding of an accurate study on straight and curved box-girder bridges is needed. In this study, a three dimensional straight and horizontally curved prestressed box section has been analysed with shell elements using the finite element analysis program ANSYS to examine structural behaviour and load carrying capacity. The box girder under static gravity, pre-stressed and gravity + pre-stressed loading has been analysed. The model which has been investigated in this report is taken from a published paper and expanded to study the effects of curvature under different loads applied (UDLs). The report concludes that the FEA using shell elements is able to predict the behaviour of box girders with adequate accuracy through the comparisons made between stress results from analytical hand calculations and published work, both for the straight and curved box girder bridges. Further theoretical and analytical investigations have been carried out to study the effects of parameters such as horizontal curvature, prestressing, and traffic patterning. For this purpose, a new model was created, modelled with an accurate prestress representation and analysed as a three-dimensional model using the ANSYS. This thesis presents a complete description of the bridge system, addressing the aforementioned parameters and presenting the results through graphs of stress distribution, and displacement. Recommendations for the practical use of FE for bridge design are discussed.
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Perry, Marcus K. A. "Optical fibre sensors for monitoring prestressed concrete structures in nuclear power plants." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2013. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25543.
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Lifetime extensions of nuclear fission reactors in the UK are required to satisfy growing demands for electrical power. Many of these reactors are nearing the end of their original design life, so the continued structural integrity, particularly of the reactors' prestressed concrete pressure vessels and containments is of prime concern. Currently, a lift-off inspection of a 1 % random sample of prestressing tendons is performed at 18 month to 5 year intervals to ensure adequate prestress is present in these structures, but the extended life times are making higher resolution, more frequent and in-depth monitoring techniques more desirable. In this thesis, a method of instrumenting prestressing strands with optical fibre Bragg grating strain sensors is outlined. An all-metal encapsulation and bonding technique is developed to ensure sensor reliability under the radioactive and high-stress environments of fission reactors. This 'smart strand' is complemented by a specially developed interrogation scheme capable of continuously and automatically monitoring static and dynamic nanoscale changes in Bragg grating strain. High-resolution interrogation was achieved by extending an interferrometric demodulation technique into the static measurement regime. By modulating the strain sensitivity using a fast optical switch, strain signals could be recovered independently of noise sources using various signal processing algorithms. The application of this technology could augment the continued monitoring of concrete vessel integrity, reducing both the risks and costs associated with performing lift-off measurements in the current and next generation of nuclear reactors.
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Onn, Chow Chee. "Time dependent nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures." Thesis, Swansea University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280043.
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Luis, Alberto Bedriñana Mera. "SEISMIC PERFORMANCE AND SEISMIC DESIGN OF DAMAGE-CONTROLLED PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BUILDING STRUCTURES." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/235084.
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Georgi, G. F. "Optimum elastic design of prestressed concrete structures with particular reference to statistical indeterminacy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370493.
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Weekes, Laurence. "A study of secondary moments and moment redistribution in continuous prestressed concrete beams." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294737.
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Maghsoudi, Ali Akbar. "The behaviour of flanged, and composite prestressed concrete beams under torsion and flexure." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237253.
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