Dissertations / Theses: 'Pretore'

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Della, Sala Elisa. "Se una notte bianca di mezza estate Vincenzo De Pretore." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8197/.

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FERRARI, MONICA RITA. "Interdictum reddere. Ricerche sulla concessione degli interdetti." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/375266.

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La presente ricerca, articolata in due parti, è volta ad analizzare la funzione che la tutela interdittale ricoprì nell'esperienza giuridica romana, sia sotto il profilo contenutistico, attraverso l’analisi delle singole fattispecie da essa considerate, sia in una prospettiva dinamica, cercando di dare una collocazione temporale, per quanto approssimativa, alla loro origine ed esaminandone la regolamentazione all'interno delle diverse fasi della storia processuale romana. I primi tre capitoli esaminano la portata complessiva di questa forma di tutela, la quale si estendeva ad un gruppo di situazioni giuridiche eterogeneo e, in base a quello che tramandano i più recenti ritrovamenti epigrafici e papiracei, non rimase espressione del tribunale del pretore a Roma, ma trovò applicazione in diversi luoghi dell'Impero. Nella seconda parte del lavoro ci si sofferma sul procedimento che, a seguito dalla postulatio del soggetto interessato, poteva condurre alla concessione degli interdetti, nella persuasione che esso costituisse non una mera contingenza preliminare ai noti giudizi ex causa interdicti ma un procedimento autonomo ed essenziale all'interno del sistema interdittale nel suo complesso. The present research, divided into two parts, is aimed analysing the function of the interdictal protection in the Roman legal experience, both in terms of content, through the analysis of the individual cases under its cover, and in a dynamic perspective, trying to give a temporal location, however approximate, to its origin and studying the regulation within the different phases of Roman procedural history. The first three chapters examine the overall scope of this remedy, which was accorded to protect a heterogeneous group of legal situations and, according to the most recent epigraphic and papyrus findings, did not remain an expression of the praetor's court in Rome, but was applied in different places of the Empire. In the second part of this work we focus on the procedure that, following the postulatio of the interested party, could lead to the granting of an interdictum. This procedure was not a mere preliminary contingency to the well known iudicia ex causa interdicti but that an autonomous and essential procedure within the interdictal system as a whole.

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Silva, Rafael Filter Santos da. "O nacionalismo preto da Nação do Islã : entre pretos divinos e negros fragmentados." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172381.

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Tal escrita versa sobre relações raciais e as representações a elas atreladas. Atém-se aos ideais de branquitude e negritude construídos ao longo da história dos Estados Unidos da América, enfocando o debate nas representações construídas pelos livros religiosos de um movimento nacionalista preto chamado Nação do Islã, cujo autor é seu ministro Elijah Muhammad. Uma análise desses escritos cotejados com as ideias de outros movimentos e pensadores negros (Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr., Marcus Garvey, Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, etc.), assim como com a noção de branquitude – paradigma ontológico da constituição nacional estadunidense –, almejam pensar a identidade e o lugar de fala a partir da influência de marcadores sociais da diferença como raça e religião principalmente. O discurso da Nação do Islã é visto, por fim, como antidialógico, pois prega a morte de seu interlocutor, o que acabou realmente ocorrendo. This text is about racial relations and their representations. It concentrates on whiteness and blackness ideals developed during the United States of America history, debating about representations constructed by the religious books of a black nationalism movement named Nation of Islam, whose author is its honorable minister Elijah Muhammad. An analysis of the contents of these books compared with others black movements and intellectuals ideas (Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr., Marcus Garvey, Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, etc.), along with the notion of whiteness – ontological paradigm for the national constitution of United States –, seeks to think on identity and speech place considering the influence of social markers of difference such as race and religion mainly. At last, Nation of Islam discourse is considered antidialogical because it preaches the death of its interlocutor, what really happened.

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Crane, Joan M. G. "Predictors of preterm delivery." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0025/MQ36422.pdf.

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Van, Wyk P. L. (Petrus Lodewickus). "Die wagte van Pretoria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30048.

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Pretoria was a fortified city during the First- (1880-1881) and Second Anglo Boer War (1899-1902). In total, about 65 fortifications were constructed in and around Pretoria. Only 24 of the original 65 stronghold’s locations are known. An urban trail is proposed to illustrate the connections that existed between these fortifications. The distortion of heritage by the contemporary landscape of Pretoria are investigated by a overnight facility design at the Eastern Redoubt on Strubenkop, Lynnwood. The route provides a practical solution to use these derelict structures in a contemporary way which will stimulate the protection and further investigation of Pretoria’s fortifications. The overnight facility, together with the other similar facilities on the known fortifications, guides the present-day fort user through the streets of Pretoria to communicate the current and historic landscape. Pretoria was ‘n gefortifiseerde stad gedurende die Eerste- (1880-1881) en Tweede Anglo Boereoorlog (1899- 1902). In totaal was daar sowat 65 fortifikasies in en rondom Pretoria opgerig. Die ligging van slegs 24 van die oorspronklike 65 vestings van Pretoria is bekend. Om die verbinding wat tussen die fortifikasies bestaan te illustreer, word ‘n voetslaanroete tussen die vestings voorgestel. Die verwringing van dié erfenis deur die kontemporêre landskap van Pretoria word ondersoek deur ‘n oornagfasiliteit by die Eastern Redoubt op Strubenkop, Lynnwood te ontwerp. Die roete verskaf ‘n praktiese oplossing om die fortifikasies op ‘n kontemporêre manier te gebruik wat die bewaring en verdere studie van die fortifikasies sal stimuleer. Die oornag fasiliteit, tesame met die ander fasiliteite wat op die oorblywende fortifikasies voorgestel word, neem die reisiger as ‘n hedendaagse gebruiker van die fortifikasies deur die landskap van Pretoria. Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011. Architecture unrestricted

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Santos, Maria da Conceição dos. "Festa de preto na São Paulo antiga: um exemplo de resistência na Irmandade Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Homens Pretos (1887-1907)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1984.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDaConceicaoDosSantos.pdf: 1217751 bytes, checksum: 13bdccef4d7949dfb94d68e85c84e9b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-13 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Esta dissertação é um estudo da presença da Irmandade Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Homens Pretos, fundada em 1711, cuja igreja, que congregava negros e negras escravos e forras e que existia no atual centro velho de São Paulo, naquele momento, considerado, o campo da cidade. A pesquisa mostra a luta dos Irmãos em preservar sua igreja, símbolo de sua religiosidade e identidade, através da qual eles se inseriam na sociedade da época. A luta dos Irmãos pela preservação de seu espaço sagrado, dá-se principalmente no final do século XIX quando a cidade, em função do advento do café, prospera e ao mesmo tempo recebe um grande contingente de imigrantes europeus, sobretudo italianos. Este fato provocará grandes transformações no espaço urbano e vai atingir diretamente os Irmãos, que primeiro verão sua tradicional festa a Nossa Senhora do Rosário proibida momento em que saíam às ruas fazendo memória das tradições africanas , depois terão a igreja demolida. Ao fato de terem conseguido, apesar da desigualdade sócio-econômica entre eles e a sociedade dominante, construir uma nova igreja e voltar a realizar a festa da Santa, inclusive, saindo em procissão pelas ruas do centro da cidade, qualifico-os como resilientes, ou seja, a capacidade que alguns grupos ou pessoas têm de recuperar-se depois de um intenso momento de pressão ou tensão

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Silva, Laurimar Gomes da. "IRMANDADE DO ROSÁRIO DOS PRETOS DE SANTA EFIGÊNIA DO ALTO DA CRUZ: PROPOSTA DE GESTÃO DE UM ARQUIVO EM OURO PRETO (MG)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2009. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2326.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:37:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laurimar Gomes da Silva.pdf: 1845900 bytes, checksum: 888a5525c174b307364fd35144c47b68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-23 The purpose of this project aims to meet a demand of the Brotherhood of the Rosary of Black Efigênia of Santa Cruz in the Upper town of Ouro Preto in order to build partnerships to preserve and manage the file of the Brotherhood of the Rosary of Black Santa's Efigênia Top of the Cross in the city of Ouro Preto (MG). Founded in 1719, up from the twenty sisterhoods found in the city, the Brotherhood of the Rosary of Black of Santa Cruz's Upper Efigênia emphasizes is to be responsible for the administration of the Baroque church of Santa Efigênia dating site which is associated with the imaginary figures of Chico King, lining slave who became rich, and Efigênia Santa, a black saint, patroness of the slaves who lived on site. The central object of the project management is making means that the Brotherhood by its members and the local community, to keep alive the memory of the existing entity is three hundred years. Through research conducted in primary and secondary sources, found in the cities of Ouro Preto and Mariana in museums, libraries, archives, public and private, were unpublished data on the history of the institution. Accordingly, the design file is presented as a conceptual category which added to the memory and cultural heritage motivated the construction of this project. A proposta deste projeto visa atender a uma demanda da Irmandade do Rosário dos Pretos de Santa Efigênia do Alto da Cruz na cidade de Ouro Preto (MG), a fim de consolidar parcerias no sentido de preservar e gerir o arquivo. Fundada em 1719, compondo uma das vinte irmandades encontradas na cidade, a Irmandade do Rosário dos Pretos de Santa Efigênia do Alto da Cruz se particulariza por ser a responsável pela administração da igreja barroca de Santa Efigênia, que no imaginário local está associado às figuras de Chico Rei, escravo forro que se tornou rico, de Santa Efigênia, uma santa negra, benfeitora dos escravos que residiam no local. O objeto central do projeto de gestão é condicionar meios para que a irmandade por meio de seus membros, possa manter viva a memória dessa entidade existente há trezentos anos. Por meio de pesquisas realizadas nas cidades de Ouro Preto e Mariana, em museus, bibliotecas e arquivos públicos e privados, foram encontrados dados inéditos sobre a história da instituição. Nesse sentido, a concepção de arquivo se apresentou como uma categoria conceitual que somada a da memória e do patrimônio cultural fundamentou a construção do presente projeto.

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Albé, Ana Paula Raposo de Almeida. "Preto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27159/tde-04022015-152017/.

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Esta dissertação parte do preto, da escuridão e do vazio como lugar onde, na ausência de referências do outro, não sobra outra opção além de olhar para dentro. Ou melhor, olhar para o que escapole de dentro de si frente à experiência da ausência. O processo apresentado aqui pensa sobre a origem da imagem, sobre quanto dela é descritiva e limitada ao registro do olhar no mundo e quanto dela tem origem na imaginação, na experiência particular de cada um. Pensa também na relação entre imagem e linguagem, por meio de fragmentos de fotografias e textos. Navega entre possibilidades de lugar, de estar, de ser, transitando pela possibilidade de transbordar cenas mais imagináveis do que propriamente visíveis. O resultado da pesquisa é um livro que chamei de Preto, composto de textos e fotografias realizadas entre 2009 e 2013, durante residências artísticas em Torres Vedras (Portugal), Pune e Bangalore (Índia), Copenhague (Dinamarca), Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Recife (Brasil). Proponho \"Janeiro 2009\" como uma introdução ao que estou chamando de livro-experiência, ao livro aberto a leituras diversas. Essa narrativa, em que conto a experiência de estar no breu absoluto durante 5 ou 10 minutos, é o ponto de partida tanto para as imagens (fotografias, luz branca no preto do escuro) quanto para os textos (palavras, tinta preta no papel branco). Preto tem a intenção de ser mole; de alguma forma, moldável ao manuseio, ao leitor. Um caderno de imagens, ou memórias, que surgem entre fade in e fade outs, entre luzes e sombras. Clarões na escuridão e formas breves This dissertation sets out from the black, the darkness and from the void as a place where, in the absence of references to the other, there remains no choice but to look within. Or rather, to look at what slips out from within, faced by the experience of absence. The process presented here contemplates the origin of the image, about how much of it is descriptive and limited to the registering of the view in the world and how much of it has its origin in the imagination, the private experience of each individual. It also contemplates the relationship between image and language, through fragments of photographs and texts. It navegates between possibilities of place, of living, of being, transiting through the possibility of overflowing scenes more imaginable than actually visible. The result of this research is a book wich I named Black, composed of texts and photographs taken between 2009 and 2013, during artistic residencies in Torres Vedras (Portugal), Pune and Bangalore (India), Copenhagen (Denmark), Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Recife (Brazil). I propose \"January 2009\" as an introduction to what I am calling a bookexperience, a book that is open to various readings. This narrative, in wich I tell of the experience of being in absolute pitch-blackness for 5 or 10 minutes, is the starting point for the images (photographs, white light in the black of darkness) as well as the texts (words, black ink on white paper). Black has the intent of being soft; in some way moldable by handling, moldable to the reader. A notebook of images, or memories that arise between fade ins and fade outs, between light and shadow. Flashes in the darkness and brief forms.

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Embleton, Nicholas David. "Protein requirements in preterm infants." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246672.

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Brienesse, Patrick. "Otoacoustic emissions in preterm infants." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1998. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8540.

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11

Coulthard, Malcolm George. "Renal function in preterm babies." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340669.

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Midgley, Paula C. "Adrenal function in preterm infants." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387266.

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The fetal zone of adrenal cortex persists after birth in preterm infants, whereas in full term it involutes. The reason for this difference is not known. This study set out to examine this problem by observing changes in adrenal function in infants born prematurely. Twenty-two infants of mean gestation 27.9 weeks and mean birth weight 946 g were studied longitudinally between 170-360 days postconceptional age, by sequential measurements of plasma cortisol, cortisone, DHEAS, urinary steroid metabolites, and adrenal ultrasound scans. The study confirmed persistence of the fetal zone of the adrenal gland in preterm infants as judged by continued excretion of 3β-OH-5-ene steroids in the urine and elevated levels of DHEAS in the plasma. In preterm infants urinary 3β-OH-5ene steroids and plasma DHEAS declined after term (expected date of delivery) suggesting a gestation-related change in fetal zone activity rather than a birth-related change. The low fetal ratio of circulating F:E persisted in preterm infants even beyond term, but plasma cortisol, although lower than in adults, was 10 times higher than in the fetus, and extremely high in very stressed infants. The fetal zone of the adrenal gland in preterm infants did not appear to be controlled by ACTH alone, as fetal zone steroids were excreted in the urine in the absence of ACTH. In two cases, the persistence of the 3β-OH-5-ene steroids in preterm infants was associated with virilisation in female infants. Ultrasound scanning was not found to be a reliable means of measuring the adrenal gland in preterm infants, and size on ultrasound did not relate to adrenal fetal zone activity. Changes in steroid metabolism were demonstrated by examining changes in urinary steroid metabolites.

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Briscoe, Josephine Mary. "Cognitive development after preterm birth." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266900.

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Van, Wyk Hendrik C. "Water Wise Centre, Prinshof - Pretoria." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11242003-142554.

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Bonney, Elizabeth Anne. "The prediction of preterm birth." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11983/.

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Preterm birth is a persistent and expensive global health problem accounting for almost 8% of all live births in the UK. There are some effective interventions available however, due to the heterogeneous nature of the condition; it is still difficult to tailor the correct management for each woman. A major obstacle to the development of effective treatment strategies is a limited understanding of the molecular events preceding preterm labour. Using SCOPE, a prospectively acquired global cohort, this MD investigated the three areas of clinical risk factors, biomarker discovery using proteomic technology and directed candidate cytokine analysis. Clinical risk factor algorithms have been developed with the most clinically relevant group, those delivering less than 34 weeks, exhibiting the best predictive performance. The algorithm has an area under the ROC curve of 0.74, negative predictive value of 99%, with a positive predictive value of 33%. This is likely to be indicative of the best performance achievable using clinical data to predict preterm birth in a healthy nulliparous population. A proteomic discovery study was performed comparing term and preterm birth. The proteins that were discovered appeared to be mainly plasma proteins related to systemic inflammation and therefore were not specific enough as predictors of spontaneous preterm birth. As there is strong evidence to support a role for cytokines in the initiation of inflammation/infection-induced preterm labour, a panel of 27 were assessed as predictive markers for preterm birth. Of these, five cytokines (IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17α and MIP-1α) appeared to be the most sensitive with a predictive accuracy of 71.25%. The data from this thesis have provided further understanding into preterm birth and provides a pathway for future investigation into the prediction and prevention of spontaneous preterm birth.

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Alleman, Brandon Wesley. "Preterm birth: prediction, prevention, care." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4563.

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Preterm birth (PTB) is defined as birth before 37 weeks gestational age. PTB is a common outcome and one that may be increasing in prevalence with serious individual and public health implications both immediately and long term. While PTB is a pregnancy specific outcome it is more appropriately viewed as the culmination of risk factors present both before pregnancy and possibly in past generations. This thesis attempts to review the implications, risk factors and current prevention strategies directed at PTB while placing it in an intergenerational and life cycle context. Three novel investigations are presented and their consequences are discussed. These investigations cover the lifespan and relate to identifying PTB and treating its immediate health outcomes. The first examines mitochondrial genetics and it's relation to PTB. There is a strong a priori hypothesis that mitochondrial genetics, being maternally inherited, may contribute to an individual's risk for PTB. However, in two genome wide association studies, no evidence is found for any mitochondrial polymorphisms being related to PTB. The second investigation reports an attempt to identify women at risk for PTB within a given pregnancy. Using routinely collected maternal information and serum screening data a potentially useful screening method is derived. While the algorithm does not have ideal performance characteristics it compares favorably to other population wide screening techniques and could be improved through future validation and data collection. The third and final investigation attempts to address quality of care for infants born preterm. In a network of neonatal intensive care units, wide variations in mortality outcomes are observed. Intensity of medical intervention appears to be an important predictor of mortality for the lowest gestational age infants. However, this intensity of intervention does not fully explain the observed differences in mortality outcomes. Finally, these study are discussed in context with one another and a new framework for considering PTB is presented that may help to guide future investigation into predicting, preventing and caring for those at risk for or experiencing a PTB.

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Sheeran, Nicola Jane. "Young Women's Experiences of Being a Mother to Preterm Infants: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) Approach." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365330.

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The purpose of the current research was to explicate the experience of being a mother for young women who experienced a preterm birth over the first year of the infant’s life. Research has suggested that being born to a young mother and being born preterm are separate risk factors for adverse maternal and infant outcomes (Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn, & Chase-Lansdale, 1989). However, little research has focused on the small group that are born both despite this theoretical ‘double risk’ (Thurman & Gonsalves, 1993). To achieve the aims of the project an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach was utilised to analyse in-depth guided interviews from 14 young women (aged 15-19) who provided three interviews over a 12-month period. Four young mothers had given birth to a full-term infant and 10 young mothers had given birth to a preterm infant. Interviews occurred at time of infants’ discharge from hospital, 3-4 months post discharge, and 12 months post discharge. Three core themes emerged: the dual nature of motherhood, actual/ideal incongruence, and transforming self. Overall, the results of this study suggested few differences in the experience of being a mother for young mothers of preterm and full-term infants. The universal experience of being a mother was described in terms of polarities – good moments and challenging moments – highlighting the dual nature of parenting. However, there was considerable variability in the perception of the challenges faced by young women over time, with highly resourced mothers perceiving fewer challenges and greater enjoyment. Preterm birth compounded the everyday challenges of motherhood for young women by emphasising transportation difficulties and placing women in more frequent contact with people who they perceived negatively judged them. While preterm birth did lead to more challenges while the infant was in hospital, it did not detract from the enjoyment and knowledge that the young women were now mothers, which shaped the young women’s experiences. Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych) School of Applied Psychology Griffith Health Full Text

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De, Villiers Katerina Lucya. "The JH Pierneef collection of the City Council of Pretoria housed in the Pretoria Art Museum." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27532.

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This study is based on the catalogue/checklist of Pierneef works in the Pretoria Art Museum collection. The artist’s life, social, political and artistic influences of the period, both local and international, may be deduced from works analysed and discussed. The Arts and Crafts movement was a powerful influence affecting ideas on national identity, folk art and the vernacular from the middle of the nineteenth century onwards. A world-wide romantic nationalism stimulated a search for identity and exploitation of the indigenous. It is argued that these trends may be identified in the artistic development of Pierneef who, through friends, wide reading and intensive study was alive to European developments but focused on the indigenous arts of Southern Africa. He was the first South African artist to recognize Busman art and that of the black peoples. They had a profound influence on his own development and the motifs of his art. Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1997. Historical and Heritage Studies unrestricted

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Singh, Jaideep. "Volume control' ventilation in preterm babies." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417480.

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Uthaya, Sabita Nellamakada. "Adipose tissue deposition after preterm birth." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423092.

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Leung, Ka-yin, and 梁家燕. "Kangaroo mother care for preterm infants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44625376.

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Cairns, Pamela Anne. "Nutritional studies in the preterm infant." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324823.

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Bruiners, Natalie. "Molecular genetic analysis of preterm labour." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17741.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The World Health Organisation (WHO) has defined preterm labour as the onset of labour before 37 completed weeks of gestation with an incidence ranging between 5-10%. Although patient care has improved, the rate of preterm birth has slowly been increasing and currently impacts significantly on maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. The complex condition of preterm labour involves multiple etiologies and risk factors, which complicates the search for candidate markers and / or biomarkers. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate potential genetic associations with preterm labour. The study cohort consisted of consecutive first-time booking, low-risk primigravid pregnant women from a restricted geographical region. The study cohort comprised 421 [306 Coloured and 115 Black] pregnant women presenting at the Paarl Hospital Obstetric clinic. Subsequently, DNA was extracted from whole blood and investigated for a range of known polymorphisms in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the novel LGALS13 gene, for potential variants that may impact on pregnancy outcome. Screening techniques involve combinations of allele-specific PCR amplification, Multiphor SSCP/HD analysis, restriction enzyme analyses and DNA sequencing. A significant association was demonstrated between the IL-1RN*2-allele and adverse pregnancy outcome, mainly in the preterm labour and hypertension group. The presence TNFα-308 A-allele was associated with overall adverse pregnancy outcome and preterm labour. In addition to this, a novel IL-1RN allele was identified in the control group. Mutation screening and subsequent statistical methods revealed an association between a novel LGALS13 exonic variant, 221delT, and preterm labour in Coloured women. Two previouslydocumented intronic variants (IVS2-22A/G and IVS3+72T/A) demonstrated linkage disequilibrium, signifying evolutionary conservation of exon three. Additionally, two novel intronic variants, IVS2-36 G/A and IVS2-15 G/A, demonstrated no association with adverse pregnancy outcome. In this study we identified rare novel exonic variants; two non-synonymous variants in exon three (M44V, [N=2] and K87R, [N=1]) and a silent variant in exon four (P117P, [N=1]) - all identified in individuals from the control cohort. Within coding exon three, an interesting variant [“hotspot”] was identified, which represents six polymorphic bases within an 11bp stretch. No associations were demonstrated with these variants and pregnancy outcome. Furthermore, a previously documented 5' “‘promoter” variant, -98 A/C, was identified and demonstrated no association with adverse pregnancy outcome. However, subdivision of lateonset pre-eclamptic cases revealed a significant association with the A-allele and late-onset preeclampsia. Genotype-phenotype investigation demonstrated association between the IL-10 -1082 A/G, IL-4 C/T and 221delT loci and poor pregnancy progress which manifested as (i) delivery of infants weighing <2000g, (ii) before 37 weeks of gestation. The findings of this study will strengthen our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying pregnancy complications and facilitate the further development of effective treatment strategies to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Wêreld Gesondheid Organisasie (WHO) klassifiseer voortydse kraam as kontraksie voor 37 volledige weke, met ‘n insidensie tussen 5-10%. Alhoewel pasiënte-sorg verbeter het, neem die tempo van voortydse geboorte steeds toe, wat ‘n groot impak het op moederstrefte en fetale mortaliteit en morbiditeit. Die komplekse kondisie van voortydse kraam sluit veelvoudige oorsake en risiko faktore in, wat die navorsing van kandidaat en / of biologiese merkers kompliseer. Die doel van hierdie prospektiewe studie, was die potensiële navorsing van genetiese assosiasies met voortydse kraam. Die studie kohort bevat opeenvolgende eerste bespreking van lae risiko primigravida swanger vrouens vanaf ‘n beperkte geografiese omgewing. Die studie kohort beslaan 421 [306 Kleurling en 115 Swart] swanger vrouens teenwoordig by die Paarl Hospitaal Verloskunde kliniek. Vervolgens was DNS geëkstraeer van bloedmonsters en geondersoek vir ‘n verskeidenheid van bekende polimorfismes in pro-inflammatoriese en antiinflammatoriese sitokiene, insluitend die nuwe sifting van die LGALS13 geen potensiaal vir variante wat ‘n impak op swangerskap uitkomste sal hê. Die siftings tegnieke toegepas, sluit in ‘n kombinasie van alleel-spesifieke amplifikasie, Multiphor enkelstring konformasie polimorfisme / heterodupleks analise, restriksie ensiem verterings en volgorde bepalings tegnieke. ‘n Betekenisvolle assosiasie was gedemonstreer tussen die IL-1RN*2-alleel en nadelige swangerskap, beperk tot voortydse kraam en die hipertensie groep. Die teenwoordigheid van die TNFα-308 A-alleel was geassosieer met algehele nadelige uitkomste en voortydse kraam. Daarby, was ‘n nuwe IL-1RN alleel geïdentifiseer in die kontrole groep. Mutasie sifting en opeenvolgende statistiese metodes, het ‘n assosiasie getoon tussen ‘n nuwe LGALS13 koderende variant, 221delT, en voortydse kraam in Kleurling vrouens. Twee voorafbeskryfde introniese variante (IVS2-22 A/G en IVS3+72 T/A), het ‘n betekenisvolle bewys opgelewer dat daar koppelings-onewewig bestaan tussen hierdie variante, en toon evolusionêre konservasie van ekson drie. Addisioneel was twee nuwe introniese variante ontdek, IVS2-36 G/A en IVS2-15 G/A, wat geen assosiasie getoon nie. In hierdie studie het ons ‘n nuwe seldsame koderende variante geïdentifiseer in die kontrole groep, waarvan twee nie-sinonieme variante was in ekson drie (M44V, N=2 en K87R, N=1) en ‘n stil variasie in ekson vier (P117P, N=1). Geleë in die koderende area van ekson drie, was ’n interessante variant [“hotspot’] ontdek, waarvan ses basisse in ‘n 11 basis paar area polimorfies is. Geen assosiasie was getoon met hierdie variante en swangerskap uitkomste nie. Verder was ‘n voorafbeskryfde 5' ‘promotor’ variant, -98 A/C, geïdentifiseer wat geen assosiasie getoon met nadelige swangerskap uitkomste nie. Onderverdeling van laat-aanvangs preeklampsie, het getoon dat die A-alleel ‘n betekenisvolle assosiasie getoon het met die ontwikkeling van laat pre-eklampsie. Genotipe-fenotipe interaksies het ’n assosiasie getoon tussen die IL-10 -1082 A/G, IL-4 C/T en 221delT lokusse en nadelige swangerskap uitkomste, wat manifesteer as (i) kraam van suigelinge wat <2000g weeg, (ii) geboorte voor 37 weke. Die bevindings van hierdie studie sal ons basiese kennis verbeter oor die patologie beskrywend aan swangerskap komplikasies, asook die fasilitering en ontwikkeling van effektiewe behandelings strategieë, om moederstrefte en fetale mortaliteit en morbiditeit te verminder.

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Sparrow, Sarah Anne. "Neuroepigenetics of preterm white matter injury." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31230.

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Introduction: Preterm birth is increasing worldwide and is a major cause of neonatal death. Survivors are at increased risk of neurodisability, cognitive, social and psychiatric disorders in later life. Alterations to the white matter can be assessed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) MRI and are associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome. The pathogenesis of white matter injury is multifactorial and several clinical risk and resilience factors have been identified. DNA methylation (DNAm) is an epigenetic process which links stressful early life experience to later life disease and is associated with normal brain development, neuronal processes and neurological disease. Several studies have shown DNAm is altered by the perinatal environment, however its role in preterm white mater injury is yet to be investigated. Aims: 1. To examine the relationship between preterm birth and white matter integrity 2. To investigate the effect of neuroprotective treatments and deleterious clinical states on white matter integrity in preterm infants 3. To assess the best DTI method of quantifying white matter integrity in a neonatal population 4. To investigate the effect of preterm birth on DNA methylation and 5. To determine the clinical and imaging factors that contribute to the variance in DNA Methylation caused by preterm birth Methods: DTI data was acquired from preterm infants (< 32 weeks' gestation or < 1500 grams at birth) at term equivalent age (TEA) and term controls (> 37 weeks' gestation at birth). Region-of-interests (ROI) and tract-averaged methods of DTI analysis were performed to obtain measurements of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the genu of corpus callosum, posterior limb of internal capsule and centrum semiovale. Clinical data was collected for all infants and the effect of prematurity, neuroprotective agents and clinical risk factors on white matter integrity were analysed. 8 major white matter tracts were segmented using probabilistic neighbourhood tractography (PNT), a tract-averaged technique which also allowed the calculation of tract shape. The two DTI techniques were compared to evaluate agreement between results. DNA was collected from preterm infants and term controls at TEA, and a genome-wide analysis of DNAm was performed. DTI parameters from probabilistic neighborhood tractography (PNT) methodology and clinical risk and resilience factors were used to inform a principal components analysis to investigate the contribution of white matter integrity and clinical variables to variance in DNAm. Results: FA and MD were significantly affected by preterm birth on ROI analysis. In addition, DTI parameters were affected by clinical factors that included antenatal magnesium sulphate, histological chorioamnionitis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Evaluation of DTI methodology revealed good accuracy in repeated ROI measurements but limited agreement with tract-averaged values. Differential methylation was found within 25 gene bodies and 58 promoters of protein-coding genes in preterm infants, compared with controls. 10 of these genes have a documented association with neural function or neurological disease. Differences detected in the array were validated with pyrosequencing which captured additional differentially methylated CpGs. Ninety-five percent of the variance in DNAm in preterm infants was explained by 23 principal components (PC); corticospinal tract shape associated with 6th PC, and gender and early nutritional exposure associated with the 7th PC. Conclusions: Preterm birth is associated with alterations in white matter integrity which is modifiable by clinical risk factors and neuroprotective agents. ROI analysis may not provide sufficient representation of white matter tracts in their entirety. Prematurity is related to alterations in the methylome at sites that influence neural development and function. Differential methylation analysis has identified several promising candidate genes for future work and contributed to the understanding of the pathogenesis of preterm brain injury.

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Goss, Kevin Colin William. "Dynamic surfactant metabolism in preterm infants." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/361465/.

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Exogenous surfactant therapy has dramatically improved survival in extremely preterm infants, however the turnover of exogenous and synthesis of endogenous surfactant components are still poorly understood in this group. Additionally there is evidence for this patient group that improving nutrition improves long-term outcomes in respiratory function, growth and neurodevelopment. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the dominant phospholipid in both surfactant and in plasma and can be synthesised from choline by one of two pathways: the CDPcholine pathway, which is present in all nucleated cells, or by three sequential methylations of phosphatidylethanolamine in the PEMT pathway, which is localised to hepatocytes and is the primary source of polyunsaturated PC species and de novo synthesis of choline. This study quantified choline phospholipid metabolism and pulmonary surfactant kinetics in preterm infants in vivo. Children aged between 23 and 28 weeks gestation and in receipt of exogenous surfactant were intravenously infused with [methyl-D9]choline chloride within 48 hours of birth. Lipid extracts from sequential plasma and endotracheal aspirate samples were then analysed by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESIMS/ MS). Fractional incorporation into newly synthesised PC species is demonstrated rapidly in plasma samples at a higher rate than previously reported in adults, indicating a high level of hepatic activity for CDP-choline. Analysis of the PC species derived from the PEMT pathway shows significantly lower flux in this pathway than reported in adults. Finally incorporation into surfactant PC species is very low initially before rising slowly over several days and with the rapid changes in other acidic phospholipids suggests a rapid recycling of components of the exogenous surfactant not equilibrating with the CDP-choline pathway thereby providing evidence for the first time of differing rates of exogenous surfactant recycling versus de novo synthesis in the human preterm infant. This study proves that the technique works in the clinical environment, is sensitive and rapid enough to provide data in a clinically relevant timeframe, opening the possibility for translational use to identify biomarkers for disease progression.

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Bio, Guene Djibril Gnaki Pauline. "Diplomatic translation at embassies in Pretoria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65609.

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The role played by translation across the globe has been well established. Translation is very important to build bridges between people who do not share the same language, especially in international organisations. This descriptive research explores the need for translation at diplomatic missions such as embassies and high commissions in Pretoria. More specifically, this study describes the way in which translation is dealt with at embassies in Pretoria, the cl ients of diplomatic translation, the different categories of documents translated and the diplomatic missions' general translation needs. In order to reach these objectives, this study uses both primary and secondary data analysis. A critical analysis of a questionnaire completed by representatives of embassies and high commissions shows that there is a real need for translation at embassies in Pretoria, especially with regards to the services provided by sworn translators. Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2018. African Languages MA Unrestricted

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Baker, Brenda. "Understanding Mothers of Late Preterm Infants." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2613.

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The experience of becoming a mother is a personal and social experience influenced by individual characteristics, friends and family, and the infant. The journey to become a mother encompasses concepts of maternal competence and responsiveness. The purpose of this study was to examine maternal competence and responsiveness to the infant in mothers of late preterm infants compared to mothers of full term infants. The conceptual model for this work was based on the work of Reva Rubin describing maternal identity and role development. Maternal competence and responsiveness are components of maternal role and are influenced by social support, maternal self-esteem, well-being, stress and mood. In addition, infant temperament and perception of infant vulnerability influence development of maternal competence and responsiveness. A non-experimental repeated measures design was used to compare maternal competence and responsiveness in two groups of postpartum mothers. One group consisted of mothers of late preterm infants 34-36, 6/7 weeks gestation. The second group consisted of mothers of term infants, >/=37 weeks gestation. Both primiparas and multiparas were included in the study. Data was collected in the initial postpartum period prior to discharge from the hospital and again at six-weeks postpartum. No statistically significant differences in development of maternal competence or responsiveness between mothers of LPIs and term infants were identified. This study adds to our knowledge concerning outcomes of mothers of late preterm infants and development of competence and responsiveness.

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Ion, Rachel Claire. "Preterm births : risk factors and mechanisms." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.705455.

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Hang, Thi Thu Le Sutthi Jareinpituk. "Maternal periodontal disease and preterm birth /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd401/4737317.pdf.

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Diesel, Holly Johanna. "Soothability and growth in preterm neonates." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2009. http://etd.umsl.edu/r4401.

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31

Glover, Evangeline Starks. "Factors Affecting Breastfeeding in Preterm Infants." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7143.

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Even though initiation of breastfeeding among term and preterm infants has increased, the incidence and duration among preterm infants continues to lag because of the unique challenges of breastfeeding preterm infants. African American mothers have the lowest rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration, and their preterm infants are less likely to receive breast milk while in the neonatal intensive care unit. The objective of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding and maternal sociodemographic factors as well as medical and obstetrical conditions for infants born between 32-37 weeks gestational age in South Carolina from 2009 to 2011. The health belief model provided the framework for this study. Secondary data from the South Carolina Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System included 1,752 preterm pregnancies. Results of binary logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that mothers who were African American and those who had lower income, no Medicaid, and lower education level breastfed less frequently. Findings may be used to decrease neonatal, postnatal, and infant morbidity and mortality, and to increase breastfeeding knowledge and support to ensure successful breastfeeding of preterm infants beyond the hospital.

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32

Kaukola, T. (Tuula). "Perinatal brain damage in very preterm infants:prenatal inflammation and neurologic outcome in children born term and preterm." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514278402.

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Abstract Despite improvements in peri- and neonatal care and an increase in the overall survival of very preterm infants, the incidence of neurologic sequelae has remained high. The pathogenesis of many brain imaging findings, such as white matter damage, WMD, is poorly understood. The factors predisposing to brain damage differ between term and preterm infants. More detailed information is needed of how brain imaging correlates with neurodevelopmental impairment after the neonatal period. The present study investigated the pre- and perinatal factors leading to brain damage and their effects on neurologic and neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm children. We also analyzed the differences in umbilical cord serum cytokines in term and preterm children with cerebral palsy, CP. Furthermore, the correlations between the findings on diffusion-weighted imaging, DWI, measurements in brainstem auditory evoked potentials, and neurodevelopmental outcome were assessed. We demonstrated that pregnancies complicated by combined histologic chorioamnionitis and placental insufficiency independently predicted abnormal neurologic outcome at 2 years of corrected age. WMD additively predicted poor outcome. Isolated fetal inflammatory response, umbilical cord serum acute phase cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α), did not associate with neurologic outcome in either term or preterm children. Instead, a cluster of cytokines different from acute phase cytokines were related to CP, and the protein profile differed between term and preterm children. Disturbed hemodynamics during the pre- and perinatal period affected outcome in very preterm infants. In severe placental insufficiency, fetal cardiac compromise associated with suboptimal neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of corrected age. In addition, several clinical factors characterising cardiorespiratory status after birth associated with abnormal neurologic outcome at 2 years of corrected age. We found the apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC, a quantitative measurement of water diffusion, in pons to correlate with the conduction rate of impulses travelling through the auditory tract. We also demonstrated a high value of ADC in corona radiata to associate with poor outcome in gross motor and eye-hand coordination skills at 2 years of corrected age. Both pre- and perinatal factors associate with later outcome in very preterm infants. An isolated fetal inflammatory response does not predict neurologic outcome. Findings on DWI in specific brain regions predict abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome Tiivistelmä Huolimatta vastasyntyneisyyskauden parantuneista hoitotuloksista ja että yhä useampi hyvin ennenaikaisena syntynyt lapsi jää eloon, heidän neurologisen vammautuneisuuden ilmaantuvuus on edelleen korkea. Monien aivojen kuvantamislöydösten, kuten valkean aineen vaurion, syntymekanismit tunnetaan huonosti. Aivojen vaurioitumiselle altistavat tekijät eroavat täysiaikaisena ja ennenaikaisena syntyneillä lapsilla. Tarvitaan myös aiempaa yksityiskohtaisempaa tietoa aivojen kuvantamislöydösten merkityksestä lasten vastasyntyneisyyskauden jälkeiseen kehitykseen. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin raskauden- ja syntymänaikaisia tekijöitä, jotka vaikuttavat aivojen vaurioitumiseen hyvin ennenaikaisena syntyneillä lapsilla sekä näiden tekijöiden merkitystä lasten neurologiseen kehitykseen. Tarkastelimme myös napaveren seerumin välittäjäaineiden, sytokiinien, eroavuuksia täysiaikaisena ja ennenaikaisena syntyneillä CP-lapsilla. Lisäksi selvitimme diffuusiomagneettitutkimus- ja aivorunkoherätevastelöydösten sekä neurologisen kehityksen välisiä yhteyksiä. Tämän tutkimuksen mukaan kohdunsisäinen tulehdus ja istukan vajaatoiminta yhtä aikaa esiintyessään ovat poikkeavan neurologisen kehityksen itsenäisiä riskitekijöitä lapsilla 2 vuoden korjatussa iässä tutkittuna. Valkoisen aivoaineen vaurio edelleen lisäsi näiden lasten huonon neurologisen kehityksen ennustetta. Raskauden kestosta riippumatta, sikiön tulehdusvastetta kuvaavat napaveren akuutin vaiheen tulehdusvälittäjäaineet (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF- α) eivät vaikuttaneet lapsen neurologiseen kehitykseen. Sen sijaan, CP-lasten napaverestä löytyi erityinen joukko ei-akuutin vaiheen välittäjäaineita. Nämä valkuaisaineet erosivat toisistaan täysiaikaisena ja ennenaikaisena syntyneillä CP-lapsilla. Raskauden- ja syntymänaikaiset verenkierron häiriöt vaikuttivat hyvin ennenaikaisena syntyneiden lasten myöhempään kehitykseen. Vaikeassa istukan vajaatoiminassa sikiön sydämen toiminnan heikkeneminen liittyi lapsen suboptimaaliin neurologiseen kehitykseen 1 vuoden korjatussa iässä tutkittuna. Lisäksi useat syntymänjälkeiset keuhkojen ja verenkierron tilaa kuvaavat kliiniset tekijät liittyivät lapsen poikkeavaan neurologiseen kehitykseen 2 vuoden korjatussa iässä tutkittuna. Tutkimuksemme mukaan, veden diffuusiota määrällisesti kuvaava diffuusiokerroin, ADC, aivosillasta mitattuna, liittyi impulssien johtumisnopeutueen kuuloradastossa. Lisäksi korkea ADC-arvo aivojen sepelviuhkassa liittyi karkean motoriikan ja silmä-käsi-yhteistyötaitojen huonoon kehitykseen 2 vuoden korjatussa iässä tutkittuna. Sekä raskauden- että syntymänaikaiset tekijät vaikuttavat hyvin ennenaikaisena syntyneiden lasten myöhempään kehitykseen. Yksittäinen sikiön tulehdusvaste ei ennakoi lapsen neurologista kehitystä. Tiettyjen aivoalueiden diffuusiokuvantamislöydökset ennustavat lapsen poikkeavaa neurologista kehitystä

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Claassens, Mias. "Production beyond product : Pretoria West bio-diesel plant : Buitekant Street, Pretoria West Industrial area, City of Tshwane." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23431.

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The aim of the dissertation is to investigate the role of Industrial architecture in facilitating emergent functions through adaptive re-use of discarded spaces that will demonstrate low energy architecture, energy production and social integration. The function of the production place in the city is to define production so that it will:<ul><li> Emphasize the community over the individual</li><li> Stimulate production to steer away from the concept of being a linear process that is focused on the product, to that of a cyclical process that imitate the concept of an ecosystem</li><li> Work with existing energy</li><li> Establish emerging opportunities through connectivity between production process and the local urban fabric</li></ul> The industrial intervention of the production place takes the form of a Bio-diesel plant that will be situated on the Pretoria West Power Station, in the Pretoria West Industrial area, west of the City of Tshwane Central Business District. Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. Architecture unrestricted

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34

Rossi, Marcelí Joele. "Suplementação da população de bugios-pretos (Alouatta caraya) no campus da Universidade de São Paulo em Ribeirão Preto pela soltura de indivíduos cativos - estudo do comportamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-12092011-111247/.

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O campus da Universidade de São Paulo em Ribeirão Preto consiste em uma área de 450 ha, caracterizada por um mosaico de remanescentes de mata e construções, sendo uma das maiores áreas verdes do município. Para suplementar a população de bugios-pretos (Alouatta caraya) existente no campus, este estudo realizou a soltura de um casal cativo. O grupo residente, composto por quatro bugios, foi rastreado seis dias por mês num período de seis meses para verificação da área de vida com finalidade de definir uma área para a soltura do casal. Um macho adulto e uma fêmea subadulta foram unidos em cativeiro no Parque Municipal Morro de São Bento. A formação do casal foi realizada em três fases (familiarização, junção e pós-junção) com gradativo aumento de aproximação. O padrão de atividades foi registrado pelo método de varredura a cada 5 minutos por 2 horas durante 10 dias (para cada fase). Os valores obtidos ficaram próximos ao relatado para o gênero, com aumento do comportamento social no decorrer das fases: 4,4 16 e 35,2% (p<0,001). O casal foi transferido para um cativeiro na área de soltura, onde permaneceu por 44 dias. Neste período foi realizada a avaliação pré-soltura e a reeducação alimentar. Na avaliação pré-soltura foi verificado que a mudança de área não afetou significativamente o comportamento social do casal, cujo valor obtido foi de 29% (p=0,083 em comparação com o valor obtido na última fase da formação do casal). Na reeducação alimentar, gradativamente a dieta inicial de 2000 g de frutas por dia, teve 1200 g substituídas por folhas de cinco espécies vegetais. A soltura do casal foi realizada no dia 10 de novembro de 2009. O casal foi acompanhado das 6 às 18 h, quatro dias por mês num período de um ano novembro/09 à outubro/10, com exceção de janeiro/10 com total de 528 h de observação. O padrão de atividades foi registrado pelo método de varredura a cada 20 minutos. Durante o ano, o casal dedicou 61,7% do tempo para descanso, 5,9% para locomoção não-direcional, 6,1% para locomoção direcional, 10,9% para alimentação e 15,4% para comportamento social. A locomoção direcional, comportamento que melhor expressa a exploração da área, teve os registros de cada mês comparados com sua média anual (18,6). Os meses dezembro, fevereiro e março apresentaram registros acima da média, sendo o mês de dezembro significativamente maior (p<0,001). Os meses maio, junho, julho, agosto, setembro e outubro, apresentaram registros menores, sendo o mês de julho significativamente menor (p=0,032). A alimentação foi registrada pelo método 1-0 a cada 5 minutos. Durante o ano, o casal utilizou 146 indivíduos (árvores e lianas) de 38 espécies pertencentes a 18 famílias. As seis espécies mais consumidas correspondem a 61,3% do total de registros: Maclura tinctoria (14,8%), Leucaena leucocephala (13,3%), Ficus insipida (11,8%), Handroanthus impetiginosus (7,6%), Poincianella pluviosa (7%) e Terminalia catappa (6,8%). O total de espécies consumidas em cada mês foi comparado com a média anual de 9,8. Os meses de dezembro, fevereiro, março, abril e maio apresentaram mais espécies consumidas que a média. Os meses junho, julho, agosto, setembro e outubro apresentaram menos espécies que a média, sendo o mês de julho significativamente menor (p=0,033). A área de vida foi registrada pelo método de varredura a cada 1 hora. Durante o ano, o casal utilizou 50 quadrantes de 50 x 50 m (0,25 ha), totalizando uma área de 12,5 ha. O total de quadrantes utilizados por mês foi comparado com a média anual de 9. Os meses de dezembro, fevereiro e março apresentaram maior quantidade de quadrantes utilizados que a média, sendo os meses de dezembro e março significativamente maiores (p=0,039 e p=0,025). Os meses junho, julho, agosto, setembro e outubro apresentaram menor quantidade de quadrantes utilizados que a média. Foram encontradas duas áreas centrais (utilização > 10%), ambas correspondem à localização dos recursos alimentares mais utilizados e bambuzais altos e densos utilizados como árvores-dormitório. Com esses resultados, foi possível verificar que o casal explorou a área desconhecida até o 5° - 6° mês de soltura. A partir daí, espécies vegetais e quadrantes foram selecionados, evidenciando que o casal se organizou para atingir o equilíbrio das suas necessidades energéticas. Portanto, podemos concluir que já no primeiro ano o casal de bugios se adaptou ao campus, pois garantiu sua sobrevivência. Com um ano e meio de soltura ocorreu o nascimento do primeiro filhote, acrescentado que, além da sobrevivência o casal também garantiu sua reprodução. The University of São Paulo campus in Ribeirão Preto is an area of 450 hectares, characterized by a mosaic of forest remnants and buildings, one of the largest green areas of the city. For this study a captive couple of black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) was released to supplement the existing campus population. In order to define an area for the release of the couple the resident group, composed of four monkeys, was tracked six days per month for a period of six months to determine their home range adult male and a sub-adult female were united in captivity in the Municipal Park Morro de Sao Bento. The couple formation was accomplished in three phases (familiarization, junction and post-junction) with gradual proximity increase. The activity pattern was recorded using the scanning method, every 5 minutes for 2 hours for 10 days (for each phase). Recorded values were close to those reported for the genus, with increased social behavior during the phases: from 4.4 to 16 and 35.2% (p<0.001). The couple was moved to a cage at the release site, where they stayed for 44 days. During this time the pre-release assessment and rehabilitation diet were implemented. During the pre-release it was verified that the change of area did not significantly affect the social behavior of the couple, whose value was 29% (p = 0.083 compared with the value obtained in the last phase of formation the couple). In the rehabilitation diet, of the initial 2000 g of fruit per day, 1200 g were gradually replaced by leaves of five plant species. The couple was release on November 10, 2009. The couple was followed from 6 am to 18 pm, four days per month for a period of one year - November/09 to October/10, except January/10 - a total of 528 observation hours. The activity pattern was recorded by the scanning method every 20 minutes. During the year they spent 61.7% of the time at rest, 5.9% non-directional movement, 6.1%directional movement, 10.9% feeding and 15.4% in social behavior. The directional movement, behavior that best expresses the exploration of the area, monthly records were compared to the annual average (18.6). December, February and March had above-average results with the month of December significantly higher (p<0.001). May, June, July, August, September and October, showed lower results, with the month of July being significantly lower (p=0.032). The feeding was recorded by the method 1-0 every 5 minutes. During the year the couple used 146 individuals (trees and vines) of 38 species belonging to 18 families. The six most consumed species account for 61.3% of total records: Maclura tinctoria (14.8%), Leucaena leucocephala (13.3%), Ficus insipida (11.8%), Handroanthus impetiginosus (7.6%) Poincianella rainfall (7%) and Terminalia catappa (6.8%). The total number of species consumed in each month was compared with the annual average of 9.8. More species than average were consumed during the months of December, February, March, April and May. Fewer species than the average were consumed during the months of June, July, August, September and October, July was significantly lower (p=0.033). The home range was recorded by the scanning method every 1 hour. During the year the couple used 50 quadrants of 50 x 50 m (0.25 ha), totaling an area of 12.5 hectares. The total number of quadrants used per month was compared with the annual average of 9. The months of December, February and March had a higher number of quadrants that the medium used, with December and March significantly higher (p=0.039 and p=0.025). June, July, August, September and October had fewer quadrants used than average. We found two core areas (use > 10%), both correspond to the most used food resources locations and dense tall bamboo ares used as dormitory trees. The results showed that the couple had explored the new area by the 5th - 6th month of release. Thereafter, plant species and quadrants were selected, showing that the couple had organized itself to balance its Therefore, we conclude that in the first year the couple adapted to the campus, ensuring its survival. After a year and a half of release the birth of first infant occurred. Thus, beyond survival, the couple also assured its reproduction.

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35

Lawson, Matthew J. "The Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Preterm Birth." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1511861461945183.

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36

Duncan, Shawn Adrian. "UP hotelier school : a school of hospitality management." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11242008-230853.

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Wood, Lorna. "The SIP study : stress immunity and preterm birth : does the maternal response to stress determine the risk of preterm delivery in women at high risk of preterm labour?" Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539610.

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38

Williamson, Kathryn E. "Social cognition and social outcomes in children born at very low birth weight." Development and Psychopathology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23585.

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Social cognition is a broad construct that refers to the fundamental abilities to perceive, store, analyze, process, categorize, reason with, and behave towards other conspecifics (Pelphrey & Carter, 2008). Two important aspects of social cognition are the ability to perceive and interpret body movements (biological motion perception) and the ability to infer the mental states of others (theory of mind reasoning) (Allison, Puce & McCarthy, 2000). In my thesis, these and other aspects of social cognition are explored in a group known to be at high risk for poor social outcomes, namely children born prematurely at very low birth weight (VLBW: < 1500 grams). Results showed that 8-11 year old VLBW children had difficulties processing both realistic and stylized life motion displays. These impairments were associated with increased evidence of autistic-like traits. Finally, poor performance on tests requiring life motion perception was linked to complications related to premature birth. These results could inform the development of screening, diagnostic, and intervention tools.

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39

Kurkinen-Räty, M. (Merja). "Preterm birth and preterm infant:a clinical study on certain etiological and diagnostic factors, and the outcome of infants." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2000. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514258266.

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Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether bacterial vaginosis (BV) diagnosed in early pregnancy and treated with vaginal clindamycin affects pregnancy outcome, and to investigate the predictive value of interleukins-6 (IL-6) and -8 (IL-8), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in cervical secretions, separately and combined by cervical measurement with transvaginal ultrasonography, on preterm delivery. A further aim was to analyze retrospectively the significance of absent or reversed end-diastolic velocity (AREDV) in the umbilical artery on perinatal outcome, and to investigate the short- and long-term outcome of infants born prematurely as a result of various causes (indicated preterm birth, preterm premature rupture of the membranes=PPROM). Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was screened in 1956 women in a low-risk population at the first antenatal visit, using Gram stain. One hundred and one of 143 BV-positive women were randomized to receive vaginal clindamycin or placebo. Seventy-seven women at 22-32 gestational weeks with premature uterine contractions, and 78 controls were recruited for assay of cervical IL-6, IL-8-, and IGFBP-1, and ultrasonographic measurements, which were repeated twice at two-week intervals. Eighty-three women with AREDV in the umbilical artery in high-risk pregnancies at less than 34 gestational weeks (e.g. pre-eclampsia, small-for-gestational age [SGA]) between the years 1988-95 were analyzed retrospectively as regards perinatal outcome. Further, for 103 women between the 24th and the 33rd week of pregnancy, delivered by cesarean section because of maternal or fetal indications, and for 103 matched women, between the years 1990-97, their infants were analyzed as regards neonatal mortality and morbidity, and the outcome at one year of corrected age. Similarly, 78 women with PPROM at gestational weeks 17-30, and 78 controls were also analyzed. The prevalence of BV was 7.3% (143/1956) and the preterm birth rate in women with BV was 9.9%. Preterm birth occurred in 21% vs. 0% according to whether or not BV persisted. The preterm birth rate was 14% in the clindamycin group vs. 6% in the placebo group. Cervical IL-6 at a concentration of 128 ng/L had a 73% sensitivity and 77% specificity in predicting preterm birth (35% vs. 6%). The combination of IL-6 and a cervical index of > 0.2 increased the specificity to 97%, the sensitivity falling to 45%. Concentrations of IGFBP-1 were most elevated (> 21 μg/mL) in cases with neonatal infections (36% vs. 2%). In cases of absent end-diastolic velocity (AEDV) the perinatal mortality (PNM) rate was 9%, compared with 36% in the reversed end-diastolic velocity (REDV) group. Respiratory distress (RDS) and hypoglycemia, and chronic lung disease (CLD; 15% vs. 3%) occurred significantly more often in the indicated than in the spontaneously preterm infants. The PPROM infants had more limb contractures (8% vs. 0%) and pulmonary hypoplasia (12% vs. 5%) and more chronic lung problems up to one year of age than the spontaneously preterm born infants without PPROM. The persistence of pregnancy BV is a risk factor for preterm birth, but vaginal clindamycin used in a low-risk population in early pregnancy is of no use in reducing the preterm birth rate in cases of BV. The level of IL-6 has a relatively low sensitivity and a limited role as a single method in clinical decision making but in combination with cervical examination by ultrasonography it seems to have a predictive role in cases of threatened preterm birth. A finding of AREDV in the umbilical artery is a warning signal of threatened fetal asphyxia. Infants born after indicated preterm delivery (for fetal or maternal reasons) or PPROM are at risk of later chronic lung disease.

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Huusko, J. (Johanna). "Genetic background of spontaneous preterm birth and lung diseases in preterm infants:studies of potential susceptibility genes and polymorphisms." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526204741.

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Abstract Each year in Finland, approximately 5.7% of infants are born preterm, i.e., before 37 completed weeks of gestation. Preterm birth is a major cause of mortality and several neonatal morbidities, especially the respiratory diseases. Infants born very preterm (<32 wk) are at higher risk of developing a chronic lung disease called bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The genetic factors predisposing to spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and BPD are incompletely known. The aims of this thesis project were to identify genetic factors that affect susceptibility to SPTB and BPD. Genetic case-control association studies were performed in mothers and infants of northern Finnish origin (SPTB study), or in multiple populations of very preterm infants of Finnish or European origin (BPD study). The candidate genes were selected based on their proposed roles in inflammation which is involved in both SPTB and BPD susceptibility. Additionally, the aim was to study the possible functional role of polymorphisms in the gene encoding surfactant protein B (SP-B) that have been shown previously to associate with pulmonary function. An association between Met31Thr polymorphisms in the gene encoding SP-D (SFTPD) and SPTB infants was found. The other collectin genes that were studied, encoding SP-A and mannose-binding lectin, did not associate with SPTB in mothers or infants. An intronic polymorphism in the gene encoding Kit ligand (KITLG) was associated with the risk of BPD in the northern Finnish and in the combined population that originated from Finland, Canada and Hungary. The role of KITLG in BPD was further supported by biomarker data, which showed higher concentrations of Kit ligand at the time of birth in infants that later developed BPD. The genes encoding interleukin 6 (IL-6), its receptors, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha or glucocorticoid receptor did not associate with BPD susceptibility. Finally, a genetic variant 131Thr in the gene encoding SP-B (SFTPB) was associated with lower SP-B levels in vivo and delayed secretion in vitro. To date, there is no effective method to prevent SPTB, and especially the extremely preterm infants are at an increased risk of developing serious respiratory diseases. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying both SPTB and BPD could help in the successful prediction of risk groups as well as in the design of new preventive and treatment strategies Tiivistelmä Noin 5,7 % lapsista syntyy Suomessa ennenaikaisesti, eli ennen kuin raskaus on kestänyt täydet 37 viikkoa. Ennenaikainen syntymä altistaa vastasyntyneen lapsen vakaville pitkäaikaissairauksille. Erityisesti hyvin pienillä keskosilla, jotka ovat syntyneet ennen 32. raskausviikkoa, on suurempi riski sairastua vakavaan hengitysvaikeuteen eli bronkopulmonaaliseen dysplasiaan, joka tunnetaan myös nimellä BPD-tauti. Perinnölliset tekijät vaikuttavat niin spontaanin ennenaikaisen syntymän (SEAS) kuin BPD-taudinkin taustalla, mutta nämä tekijät tunnetaan huonosti. Tässä väitöskirjatyössä pyrittiin tunnistamaan perinnöllisiä tekijöitä, jotka vaikuttavat SEAS:in ja BPD-taudin taustalla. Perinnöllisen taustan selvittämisessä ehdokasgeenien sisältämien muuntelevien kohtien esiintyvyyttä verrattiin terveiden verrokkien ja tautitapausten välillä. SEAS-tutkimuksessa tutkimusväestö koostui suomalaisista äideistä ja heidän lapsistaan. BPD-tutkimuksessa oli mukana hyvin ennenaikaisesti syntyneitä lapsia Suomesta, Kanadasta ja Unkarista. Tämän lisäksi kokeellisten tutkimusten avulla tutkittiin aiemmin keuhkosairauksiin liittyneen geenin muuntelevien kohtien osuutta sen koodaaman surfaktanttiproteiini (SP) B:n toiminnassa. Tutkimuksissa havaittiin SP-D:tä koodaavan geenin Met31Thr-polymorfismin olevan mahdollinen riskitekijä SEAS:lle lapsilla, mutta se ei selittänyt SEAS-riskiä äideissä. SP-A:ta ja mannoosia sitovaa lektiiniä koodaavilla geeneillä ei ollut yhteyttä SEAS-riskiin. Kit-ligandia koodaavan geenin intronissa sijaitseva polymorfismi selitti BPD-tautiriskiä pohjoissuomalaisessa sekä yhdistetyssä tutkimusväestössä. Lisäksi lapsilla, jotka myöhemmin sairastuivat BPD-tautiin, havaittiin suurempia Kit-ligandipitoisuuksia syntymähetkellä. Interleukiini 6:ta (IL-6), sen reseptoreita, IL-10:ta, tuumorinekroosifaktori-alfaa tai glukokortikoidireseptoria koodaavien geenien polymorfismien ja BPD-taudin välillä ei ollut yhteyttä. SP-B:tä koodaavan geenin Ile131Thr-polymorfismin Thr-variaatio liittyi alhaisempaan SP-B:n pitoisuuteen lapsivedessä sekä hidastuneeseen proteiinin tuottoon kokeellisessa solumallissa. Tulokset antavat uutta tietoa SEAS:n ja BPD-taudin perinnöllisestä taustasta. Tämä tieto voi auttaa synnytyksen käynnistymiseen sekä BPD-alttiuteen johtavien biologisten mekanismien selvittämisessä ja uusien hoitokeinojen kehittämisessä

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Trevilato, Rudison Beltramini. "Avaliação ambiental do córrego Ribeirão Preto - Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-17012017-155104/.

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O Brasil tem uma situação hídrica privilegiada, cerca de 12% da água doce do mundo percorre o território brasileiro. No entanto, boa parte das águas brasileiras estão concentradas nas regiões menos habitadas. Em regiões urbanas, o aumento populacional seguido do crescimento das cidades nas margens dos rios e a degradação cada vez maior das águas superficiais, tem afetado a disponibilidade de água superficial com risco de escassez desse recurso em diferentes regiões do pais. Essas condições tornam-se necessárias políticas de preservação e monitoramento constante dos corpos hídricos urbanos. O presente estudo visa desenvolver uma avaliação ambiental do córrego Ribeirão Preto, localizado em quase sua totalidade no município de Ribeirão Preto-SP, inserido na bacia hidrográfica do rio Pardo. O córrego Ribeirão Preto é um dos cursos de água superficial mais importante do município e vem sendo afetado pela ação do homem, podendo mobilizar agentes químicos e microbiológicos que apresentam um grande risco a saúde pública e ambiental. Foram realizadas quatro campanhas de amostragem, duas no período de seca (julho-setembro, 2014) e duas no período chuvoso (março-maio, 2015), em 11 pontos ao longo de todo o córrego, desde a nascente até a confluência no Rio Pardo. As leituras de parâmetros limnológicos (pH, Temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade elétrica e turbidez) foram realizadas in situ. Análises bacteriológicas (Coliformes totais e E.coli) foram realizadas pela técnica de tubos múltiplos em substrato cromogênico e as análises parasitológicas pelo método de sedimentação com quantificação por Câmara de Sedgwick Rafter, no Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Parasitologia Ambiental na EERP- USP. Análises de Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb e Zn tanto em água quanto em sedimento foram realizadas por Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica no Setor de Metais do Laboratório de Pediatria do HCFMRP-USP. Dentre os parâmetros limnológicos, unicamente condutividade elétrica apresentou valores superiores aos recomendados pela CETESB (>100uS/cm) próprio de corpos hídricos impactados por cargas poluidoras. A concentração de Coliformes totais variou de 4,9E+04 a 1,1E+07 e de E. coli de <1,8 a 1,1E+06. Unicamente o ponto da nascente do córrego atendeu os critérios da Resolução CONAMA 357/2005 para E. coli. Houve baixa detecção e quantificação de parasitas. Analisando a concentração de metais, foram encontrados valores acima do preconizado pela Resolução CONAMA 357/2005 em águas superficiais para Cu e em sedimento para Cr, Cu e Zn. A avaliação sazonal mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significantes para temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, coliformes totais e cobre. (p<0,05). Na Análise de Agrupamento Hierarquico (HCA), o grupo 1 está mais próximo aos centros urbanos e o grupo 2 à áreas agrícolas. A análise temporal demonstrou melhora das condições físico-químicas do córrego mediante os resultados obtidos dos parâmetros limnológicos e dos metais em águas nos anos de 2014/2015 quando comparadas aos de 2008/2009. Destaque-se no presente estudo, uma diminuição nas concentrações de Hg e Pb e aumento dos níveis de oxigênio dissolvido. O monitoramento do principal córrego que atravessa a cidade de Ribeirão Preto pode auxiliar na tomada de decisão e gestão pública desse corpo hídrico, evitando riscos para a saúde humana e ambiental Brazil has a water availability very privileged, with about 12% of the fresh water of the world runs into brazilian territory. However, a good amount of these waters are concentrated in the less populated areas. With the population increase followed by the growth of the cities surrounding the rivers and superficial water quality getting worse every year, the hydric crises and the risk of scarcity of this resource are affecting the water availability in many regions of the country and making necessary a preservation and constant monitoring of the urban waterbodies. The current research aims at the environmental assessment of the Ribeirão Preto Stream, located almost entirely in the Ribeirão Preto city, which belongs to the Pardo river watershed. The Ribeirão Preto Stream is one of the most important watercourse of the city and has been affected by the human action, it can mobilize chemical and microbiological agents who show a big risk to the public and environmental healthy. Four samplings campaign were made, two in the dry season (july-september, 2014) and two in the rainy season (march-may, 2015), in eleven spots along the whole stream, since the source until its confluence in the Pardo river. The limnological parameters (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, eletric conductivity and turbity) were analysed in situ. Bacteriological analysis (total coliforms and E.coli) were carried out by the multiple tubes technique with chromogenic substract and parasitological analysis by the sedimentation method with Sedgwick Rafter´s chamber, in the Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology / EERP-USP. Cadmium, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Hg and Zn analysis, both in water and sediment, were carried out by Spectrophotometry Atomic Absorption in the Pediatrics Laboratory, Metal Sector, University Hospital of School of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo HCFMRP-USP. Among the limnological parameters, only electric conductivity showed values above the recommended by CETESB (>100uS/cm) typical of waterbodies that were impacted by pollutant loads. The concentration of total coliforms varied from 4,9E+04 to 1,1E+07 and E.coli from<1,8 to 1,1E+06. Exclusively the source spot of the stream attended to the rating criteria of the CONAMA 357/2005 resolution to E.coli. There was a low detection and quantification of parasites. By metals concentration analysis, values higher than the expected were found in the CONAMA 357/2005 resolution in superficial waters for Cu and in sediments for Cr, Cu and Zn. The sazonal assessment showed statistically significant differences for temperature, dissolved oxygen, total coliforms and Cu (p<0,05). The Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) showed that group 1 is near to the urban centers and the group 2 to the rural areas. The temporal analysis demonstrated improvement in the phisical and chemical conditions of the stream, based on the results obtained from the metals and limnological parameters in water during 2014/2015 when compared to the results of 2008/2009. Stands out in the research a decline of the Hg and Pb concentrations and also a increase of the dissolved oxygen levels. The monitoring of the main watercourse in the Ribeirão Preto city might help on decision-making and public administration of this stream. Thus, decreasing the human and environmental health risks

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42

Rajagopal, Shalini Priscilla. "Modulation of inflammation in the female reproductive tract." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17928.

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Physiological inflammation occurs in the female reproductive tract, but pathological inflammation is implicated in reproductive pathologies such as preterm labour and endometrial cancer. Preterm labour (PTL, before 37 weeks of gestation) is the leading cause of preterm birth, neonatal mortality and perinatal morbidities. Endometrial cancer is the commonest gynaecological cancer, and its pathogenesis is characterised by chronic inflammation. The overall aims of this thesis were (i) to develop an in vitro model of myometrial-monocyte interactions to replicate the events occurring in the myometrium in preterm labour (ii) to determine the effects of potential therapeutics such as lipoxins, IL-10 and progesterone, on inflammation, and (iii) to characterise the lipoxin pathway in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Macrophages infiltrate the pregnant myometrium during labour; however the role of these cells is unclear. A myometrial-monocyte coculture model was developed either using non-pregnant primary myometrial smooth muscle cells (UtSMCs), or immortalised pregnant human myometrial cells (PHM1-41), with primary monocytes from term (38-41 weeks of gestation), non-labouring pregnant women. Cultures were stimulated with the toll-like receptor 4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in the presence or absence of each of lipoxins, IL-10 and progesterone. A significant and synergistic increase in IL-6 and IL-8 secretion was found in the UtSMC/monocyte coculture after stimulation with LPS for 24 hours, compared to LPS-treated UtSMCs, or monocytes alone, but the increase in IL-6 and IL-8 secretion was not inhibited by lipoxin, epi-lipoxin or benzo-lipoxin. The PHM1-41/monocyte coculture both alone and in response to LPS treatment generated significantly increased IL-6 and IL-8 secretion, compared to vehicle treatment in the coculture and compared to the culture of either cell type alone. IL-1β and TNFα secretion were only detected from the PHM1/monocyte coculture, and monocytes alone. Use of a TNFα blocking antibody partially suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in the coculture. Coculture of PHM1/monocytes resulted in increased secretion of multiple mediators including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors compared to culture of either PHM1 cells or primary monocytes separately, both with vehicle and with LPS. IL-10 inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion from the coculture, as did progesterone, which also inhibited GM-CSF, MCP-1 and CXCL5 secretion. Myocyte contraction, measured by PHM1-41 cells embedded in collagen was increased by primary monocyte treatment. This suggests that not only do infiltrating monocytes increase myometrial inflammation but they can induce myometrial smooth muscle contraction. In endometrial adenocarcinoma, the lipoxin synthesis enzymes, ALOX-5 and -15 and FPR2 mRNA expression were upregulated compared to proliferative phase endometrium, with FPR2, a reported lipoxin receptor, immunolocalised in endometrial adenocarcinoma tissue. Additionally, TNFα treatment of Ishikawa endometrial adenocarcinoma cells increased FPR2 mRNA expression, and upregulation of FPR2 mRNA also occurred in xenograft tumours from CD1 nude mice, compared to the Ishikawa cells from which they originated. These findings highlight FPR2 expression in endometrial adenocarcinoma, and suggest this receptor could mediate inflammatory signals, and lipoxins could be produced by ALOX-5 and ALOX-15. Collectively, these data describe the novel effects of monocytes in the regulation of myometrial smooth muscle cell inflammation, and demonstrate a mechanism by which myometrial inflammation during both term and preterm labour is triggered by infiltrating macrophages. This myocyte/monocyte inflammation is regulated in part by TNFα, and can be suppressed by both IL-10 and progesterone co-treatment. Components of the lipoxin pathway are present in endometrial adenocarcinoma, but their role in regulation of inflammation is still to be elucidated. Future research to clarify the processes, by which leukocyte recruitment is regulated at labour and the role of monocyte/macrophages in altering myocyte properties, could help to elucidate the mechanisms coupling inflammation to labour and provide more appropriate targets for the treatment of PTL.

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43

Van, Vollenhoven Anton Carl. "Histories-argeologiese ondersoek na die militêre fortifikasies van Pretoria (1880-1902)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27259.

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Die toestand van verval waarin die militere fortifikasies van Pretoria verkeer, wek kommer. Die min dokumentere inligting wat daaroor beskikbaar is, noodsaak spoedige optrede om dit wat behoue gebly het te dokumenteer. Hierdie studie is 'n eerste poging om soveel historiese inligting moontlik oor die fortifikasies te boekstaaf. ldentifisering van die terreine waar die fortifikasies voorgekom het, het die hoogste prioriteit geniet. 'n Beskrywing van elkeen word ook gegee met die oog op historiesargeologiese navorsing wat hieruit mag voortspruit. Besondere aandag word aan Fort Daspoortrand (Wesfort) gegee, omdat dit so 'n unieke en interessante fortifikasie is. 'n Nadere argeologiese ondersoek is op die terrein van hierdie unieke argitektoniese meesterwerk geloods, ten einde 'n grondplan daarvan te teken. Omdat hierdie studie die eerste fase van 'n histories-argeologiese streeksopname is, sal 'n verskeidenheid navorsingsmoontlikhede hieruit kan voortvloei. ENGLISH : The present state of decay of the military fortifications of Pretoria is a cause of great concern. Consequently the remains of the fortifications should be urgently recorded. This study is a first effort to document as much as possible of the historical information relating to the fortifications. The highest priority was given to identifying the sites of each fortification. They are also described with a view to possible further historical-archaelogical research which may emerge from this study. Particular attention was given to Fort Daspoortrand (West Fort) as it is such a unique and interesting fortification. A closer archaeological investigation was done on the site of this unique architectural masterpiece, with the aim of drawing up a plan of the fort. As this study is the first phase of a regional historical-archaeological study, a variety of possibilities for research could emerge from it. Copyright Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1992. Anthropology and Archaeology unrestricted

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Haan, Harmen Hendrik de. "Fetal asphyxia a study in preterm lambs /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1994. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6746.

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45

黃香君 and Heung-kwan Wong. "Enhancing coping in mothers of preterm infants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40721607.

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46

Craig, J. S. "Studies of enteral nutrition in preterm infants." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391112.

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47

Lyttle, Steven. "Temperament in very-low-birthweight preterm infants." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295416.

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48

Wildschut, Hajo Izaak Johannes. "Risk assessment of preterm birth : epidemiological considerations." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282397.

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49

Попов, Сергій Віталійович, Сергей Витальевич Попов та Serhii Vitaliiovych Popov. "Уровень летальности и заболеваемости "Late-preterm" - новорожденных". Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5682.

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50

Craig, Cathy. "Feeding behaviour in term and preterm infants." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21165.

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My thesis has been concerned with monitoring the feeding behaviour of preterm infants born at a low gestation and birthweight, who are at risk of developing neurological problems. These infants often have difficulty co-ordinating the different mechanisms of feeding, namely sucking, swallowing and breathing. Particular attention was paid to sucking, viewing it as a precocious motor skill. By using a new dimension of the tau theory of motor control, namely the intrinsic tau-pacemaker model, normal sucking control was established by examining the intra oral sucking pressures of twelve term newborns. The results supported a strong coupling between the tau of the pressure generated inside the mouth and an intrinsic tau-pacemaker. Six preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks gestational age and classified as neurologically at risk, were also tested from when they started bottle feeding, and for a period of four weeks thereafter. Their sucking pressures were analysed in the same way, and were individually compared to the standard set by the newborn terms. Large deviations from term norms were hypothesised to be indicative of neurological abnormalities. Irregularities in sucking control were found, but as expected, the extent of the variation differed between infants. Follow up movement assessments, when four of the infants were greater than six months corrected age, were performed by a physiotherapist. The physiotherapist's assessment of motor development at this stage appeared to reflect the findings obtained for the infants' sucking control. Breathing measurements were also recorded, and modulations in the pattern during feeding were noted. Again a newborn term pattern was established, and preterm infants were compared. As before, all the preterm infants tested had differing degrees of respiratory difficulty. Breathing problems were evident from significantly lower levels of oxygen concentration in the blood, and a significant difference in the timing and depth of the breaths during the sucking and pause periods of feeding.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pretore'

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