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Journal articles on the topic 'Prevalence of infection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

GUYATT, H. L., S. BROOKER, and C. A. DONNELLY. "Can prevalence of infection in school-aged children be used as an index for assessing community prevalence?" Parasitology 118, no. 3 (1999): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182098003862.

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Community data on the prevalence of helminth infections is important for guiding health policy, but expensive to collect. As a result most surveys focus on school-aged children, frequently using schools as a sentinel population. Since there already exists a vast amount of data on infection levels in school-aged children, but limited community-based data, we undertook a literature search on age-stratified infection data for intestinal nematode infections and schistosomiasis in Africa, to investigate whether estimates of the prevalence of infection in school-aged children could provide an index

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Woolhouse, M. E. J., J. W. Hargrove, and J. J. McNamara. "Epidemiology of trypanosome infections of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes in the Zambezi Valley." Parasitology 106, no. 5 (1993): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000076770.

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SUMMARYThe epidemiology of trypanosome infections of Glossina pallidipes was studied at a riverine site in the Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe for a period of 13 months. Over 9000 flies were captured using a single trap. These flies were dissected, screened for trypanosome infection, sexed, and aged using both wing fray and (for females) ovarian category indices. Midgut infections were identified to species using recently developed DNA probes. The overall prevalence of mature infections was 5·5%, comprising 3·1% Trypanosoma vivax-type and 2·4% T. congolense-type (which included very low prevalences o

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Khan, R. A. "Prevalence of trypanosome infections in the marine leech Johanssonia arctica off eastern Newfoundland." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 5 (1991): 1194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-170.

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A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of trypanosomal stages, indistinguishable from Trypanosoma murmanensis, in the marine leech Johanssonia arctica off eastern Newfoundland, Canada, from 1972 to 1990. Prevalence of the infection was highest between May and October, with a peak in July, and lowest during winter. The highest prevalences were also associated with a high percentage of engorged leeches in summer–autumn. Prevalence of infection in recently emerged leeches, following their first blood meal, was greater in July than at other times of the year. Similarly, the percentage o

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Rodulfo, Hectorina, Marcos de Donato, Isaurea Quijada, and Ada Peña. "High prevalence of malaria infection in Amazonas state, Venezuela." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 49, no. 2 (2007): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652007000200003.

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This study was carried out to determine the incidence of malaria in an endemic region of Amazonas State, Venezuela. For this, 200 random samples were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals from San Fernando de Atabapo and Santa Barbara. Epidemiological factors were related to malaria infection, which was diagnosed by microscopy observation and amplification of the 18S rDNA sequence by PCR. Malaria prevalence in these populations was 28.5%, whilst P. vivax and P. falciparum prevalences were 12 and 17%, respectively. No infection by P. malariae was found. A mixed infection was f

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Mandelia, Yamini, Gary W. Procop, Sandra S. Richter, Sarah Worley, Wei Liu, and Frank Esper. "2627. Dynamics of Respiratory Viral Co-infections: Predisposition for and Clinical Impact of Viral Pairings in Children and Adults." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S916—S917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2305.

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Abstract Background The clinical relevance of respiratory viral co-infections is unclear. Few studies determine epidemiology and impact of specific co-infection pairings. Here we assess the dynamics of respiratory viral co-infections, determine any predisposition for specific pairings to occur and evaluate resulting clinical impact on hospitalization. Methods We reviewed respiratory viral panel results collected at The Cleveland Clinic between November 2013 to Jun 2018. Monthly prevalences, mono-infections and co-infections of 13 viral pathogens were tabulated. Employing a mathematical model w

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Cazer, Casey L., Jeanne W. Lawless, Parshad Mehta, et al. "Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in a New York county in 2022 reveals frequent asymptomatic or undiagnosed infections." PLOS One 20, no. 5 (2025): e0323659. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323659.

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Accurate and timely surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and immunity is critical to local and national COVID-19 pandemic responses. Representative surveillance surveys reveal more accurate estimates of COVID-19 infection than other measures based on reported test results. Our main research objectives were (i) to provide local health department officials with prevalence estimates calculated from a representative sample to better inform their decision-making efforts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and (ii) to identify characteristics associated with COVID-19 infections among high-risk gro

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Thornton, J. G. "Prevalence of HIV infection." BMJ 310, no. 6989 (1995): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6989.1268.

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Callejón Fernández, Manuel, Rossana Abreu Rodríguez, Ángeles Arias, et al. "The Impact of MRSA Colonization on Healthcare-Associated Infections in Long-Term Care Facility Residents: A Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Study." Microorganisms 11, no. 12 (2023): 2842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11122842.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization has been considered a risk factor for the development of infection, however, there are no studies that have compared the colonizing and infecting strains using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for MRSA colonization among long-term care facilities (LTCF) residents of Tenerife (Spain), and to analyze the epidemiological relationship between the colonizing and infecting strains using WGS. A point-prevalence study was carried out at 14 LTCFs in Tenerife from Octobe

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Hernandez, Isabel, Ayesha Johnson, Miguel Reina-Ortiz, et al. "Syphilis and HIV/Syphilis Co-infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) in Ecuador." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 4 (2016): 823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316680928.

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There is a reemergence of syphilis in the Latin American and Caribbean region. There is also very little information about HIV/Syphilis co-infection and its determinants. The aim of this study is to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs), in particular syphilis infection and HIV/Syphilis co-infection, as well as to estimate the prevalence of syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) in a city with one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in Ecuador. In this study, questionnaires were administered to 291 adult MSM. Questions included

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Chalabi, K. "Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Erbil, Iraq." Helminthologia 61, no. 3 (2024): 214–23. https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0022.

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Summary Background Infections with intestinal parasites are the major cause of infectious disease globally and have been described as a public health issue in developing countries. Objective This study aimed to determine prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and their associated factors among the population of Erbil province in Iraq over the period 2011–2021. Methods The results of 614455 stool examinations of all public health facilities of the province were collected from the register in the directorate of preventive health affairs and the data were analyzed. Result The overall preva

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Rossello-Urgell, Jose, and Alicia Rodriguez-Pla. "Behavior of Cross-Sectional Surveys in the Hospital Setting: A Simulation Model." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 26, no. 4 (2005): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502553.

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AbstractObjective:To date, it has not been adequately proven whether the published formulas used to obtain incidence from the prevalence of nosocomial infections provide a good estimate of real incidence. With the hypothesis that within the hospital setting prevalence may be lower than incidence, the aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of point prevalence as it relates to cumulative incidence and duration of infection.Design:Hospital simulation study.Methods:By randomly selecting a sample of infected patients within a specific range of cumulative incidences and infection durations, w

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Toufen Junior, Carlos, André Luiz Dresler Hovnanian, Suelene Aires Franca, and Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho. "Prevalence rates of infection in intensive care units of a tertiary teaching hospital." Revista do Hospital das Clínicas 58, no. 5 (2003): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0041-87812003000500004.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence rates of infections among intensive care unit patients, the predominant infecting organisms, and their resistance patterns. To identify the related factors for intensive care unit-acquired infection and mortality rates. DESIGN: A 1-day point-prevalence study. SETTING:A total of 19 intensive care units at the Hospital das Clínicas - University of São Paulo, School of Medicine (HC-FMUSP), a teaching and tertiary hospital, were eligible to participate in the study. PATIENTS: All patients over 16 years old occupying an intensive care unit bed over a 24-hour p

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Robertson, L. J., D. W. T. Crompton, D. E. Walters, M. C. Nesheim, D. Sanjur, and E. A. Walsh. "Soil-transmitted helminth infections in school children from Cocle Province, Republic of Panama." Parasitology 99, no. 2 (1989): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000058741.

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SummaryA survey was carried out to determine values for the prevalence and intensity of infection of intestinal helminths in children living in Cocle Province, Republic of Panama. The data set consisted of the results of microscopic examinations (modified Kato Katz technique) of stool samples collected in November 1987 from 661 children attending primary schools in 4 communities in the province. The overall prevalences of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura infections were found to be 18·2, 12·0 and 27·5% respectively. There were significant differences between the infection

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Bigoni, Jérôme, Rosa Catarino, Caroline Benski, et al. "High Burden of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Madagascar: Comparison With Other Sexually Transmitted Infections." Infectious Diseases: Research and Treatment 11 (January 1, 2018): 117863371775268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178633717752686.

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Background: In Madagascar, human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, as well as syphilis share common risk factors but seem to differ in their prevalence. We measured and compared their prevalence in the country. Methods: The data used in this study came from the Saint Damien Health Centre in Ambanja, Madagascar. The tests used for disease detection were the Alere Determine, Virucheck, rapid plasma reagin, and S-DRY self-HPV samples for HIV infection, HBV infection, syphilis, and HPV infection, respectively. Results: In men and women

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Brahmantya, Ida Bagus Yorky, Haikal Hamas Putra Iqra, I. Gusti Ngurah Bagus Rai Mulya Hartawan, Ida Ayu Widya Anjani, I. Made Sudarmaja, and Christopher Ryalino. "Risk Factors and Prevalence of Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, A (2020): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4440.

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BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infection is an infectious disease that has a high prevalence with unclear clinical symptoms and predominantly affects children in the age range of 5–14 years. AIM: This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors for STH infections in elementary school students in an STH endemic area. METHODS: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design with a total sampling method. Risk factors were obtained by a questionnaire, and the diagnosis of STH infection was established through a fecal examination w

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Zongo, Dramane, Josiane Marie Agathe Tiendrebeogo, Wendegoudi Mathias Ouedraogo, et al. "Epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis in 16 districts of Burkina Faso after two decades of mass treatment." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 19, no. 2 (2025): e0012858. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012858.

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Background After two decades of mass drug administration (MDA) for schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso, an impact assessment was conducted in 16 health districts (HDs) between February 2023 to March 2024 to determine the epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis in school-aged children and facilitate the decision for sub-district level treatment decision. Methodology/Principal findings A cross-sectional cluster survey was conducted with randomly selected children aged 5–14 years. Haemastix reagent strips were used to detect microhaematuria in urine, and urine filtration was used to detect and q

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Dr., Rabia Niaz Dr. Attiya Rasool Dr. Samia Hafeez. "PREVALENCE OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION DURING PREGNANCY." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 10 (2018): 9846–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1461023.

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<em>UTI (Urinary Tract Infections) considered widespread bacterial infections during pregnancy. It is also observed that unprocessed UTI may be linked with severe obstetric impediments. The cross-sectional research was conducted to analyze the prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections among pregnant females through the collection of an online database for two medical college hospitals.  </em> <em>The numbers of pregnant women were 250 and UTI was analyzed utilizing MSU mid-stream urine culture. Utilizing > 105 colonies developing unit per ml as a particular level of bacteriuria, there was

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Ivanov, Ivan S., Nikolay I. Popov, Rumyana I. Moshe, et al. "Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Hospitalized Infants." Folia Medica 54, no. 4 (2012): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10153-012-0005-5.

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Abstract Data on cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) prevalence and course in hospitalized infants are rather scarce, obsolete and considerably inconsistent. AIM: to determine the prevalence, rate of clinical manifestations, risk factors and predictive capacity of clinical manifestations of CMV infection in hospitalized infants during their first year of life. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All 163 infants hospitalized in the Pediatric Ward for Nonrespiratory Pathology in a tertiary hospital were serologically screened for cytomegalovirus infection for 10 months. In infants up to 6 months old that were CMV

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CHOY, M., P. SWITZER, C. De MARTEL, and J. PARSONNET. "Estimating disease prevalence using census data." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 9 (2007): 1253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807009752.

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SUMMARYWe describe a method of working on publicly available data to estimate disease prevalence in small geographic areas using Helicobacter pylori as a model infection. Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, risk parameters for H. pylori infection were obtained by logistic regression and validated by predicting 737·5 infections in an independent cohort with 736 observed infections. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in the San Francisco Bay Area was estimated with the probabilities obtained from a predictive logistic model, using risk parameters with i

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Woolhouse, M. E. J., and S. K. Chandiwana. "Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the population dynamics ofBulinus globosusandBiomphalaria pfeifferiand in the epidemiology of their infection with schistosomes." Parasitology 98, no. 1 (1989): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000059655.

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SummaryPopulations ofBulinus globosusandBiomphalaria pfeifferiwere studied in a river habitat in Zimbabwe over a period of 12 months. Data were obtained on the prevalences of infections ofSchistosoma haematobium(alsoS. mattheei) andS. mansonirespectively. Population parameters showed the following patterns for both snail species. (1) A patchy distribution correlated with the distributions of aquatic plants. (2) Life-expectancies of only a few weeks. (3) Recruitment rates correlated with water temperature and showing a distinct seasonal peak. (4) Spatial variation in recruitment. (5) A redistri

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Mark Ojonugwa Iboyi, Cecilia Onyawole Ali, Moses Odoh, and Peter Ogwuche Okpeji. "Prevalence and risk factors associated with Entamoeba Sp. and hookworm infections among vulnerable people attending clinics within Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 26, no. 3 (2025): 1501–11. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.26.3.1819.

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Parasitic infections continue to be a major challenge to the world’s health institutions. These infections have remained a major health hazard with more endemicity where poor sanitation, personal hygiene and general ignorance of the diseases are known to enhance spread. The study was aimed at investigating the prevalence and risk factors associated with Entamoeba Sp. and hookworm infections among vulnerable persons in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria. The study is a cross-sectional study in which vulnerable patients who presented in different hospitals and health care centers in the st

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Martínez-Cortés, Mercedes, Carmen Maria León-Dominguez, Jovita Fernandez-Pinero, et al. "SARS-CoV-2 surveillance strategy in essential workers of the Madrid City Council during the first epidemic wave in Spain, March–July 2020." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 79, no. 5 (2021): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2021-107654.

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ObjectivesTo study prevalence of infection in essential workers of Madrid City Council by occupation, related characteristics, use of protective devices, risk perception, and main concerns about COVID-19 during lockdown.MethodsA total of 30 231 workers were PCR tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Information was collected on COVID-19-related symptoms, risk factors, preventive equipment, and risk perception. The crude prevalence was calculated for infection, use of protective devices, perceived risk and main concerns. Additionally, adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated for

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Majewska, Ania A., Stuart Sims, Anna Schneider, Sonia Altizer, and Richard J. Hall. "Multiple transmission routes sustain high prevalence of a virulent parasite in a butterfly host." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1910 (2019): 20191630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1630.

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Understanding factors that allow highly virulent parasites to reach high infection prevalence in host populations is important for managing infection risks to human and wildlife health. Multiple transmission routes have been proposed as one mechanism by which virulent pathogens can achieve high prevalence, underscoring the need to investigate this hypothesis through an integrated modelling-empirical framework. Here, we examine a harmful specialist protozoan infecting monarch butterflies that commonly reaches high prevalence (50–100%) in resident populations. We integrate field and modelling wo

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Bayanova, T. A., D. P. Kudryavtseva, Yu K. Plotnikova, and A. D. Botvinkin. "THE CHANGE IN THE INCIDENCE OF SOME HERPES VIRUS INFECTIONS IN POPULATIONS WITH A HIGH PREVALENCE OF HIV INFECTION." HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders 11, no. 3 (2019): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2019-11-3-75-84.

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Objective: to characterize the structure and dynamics of the incidence of herpes virus infections (recorded in statistical forms) in a region with a high prevalence of HIV infection. Materials and methods. The state medical statistics for the Irkutsk region for the first 20 years after the start of the spread of HIV infection (2002–2017) was used as the material for the study. At the first stage, a retrospective analysis of the incidence of herpes virus infections was performed. The long-term incidence of herpes virus infections among children, adolescents and adults was compared with the prev

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Dambadarjaa, Davaalkham, Otgonbayar Radnaa, Ser-Od Khuyag, et al. "Hepatitis B, C, and D Virus Infection among Population Aged 10–64 Years in Mongolia: Baseline Survey Data of a Nationwide Cancer Cohort Study." Vaccines 10, no. 11 (2022): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111928.

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Hepatitis B, C, and D virus infections are a major public health problem, and Mongolia has one of the highest prevalences of dual and triple infections in the world. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis infection and dual or triple hepatitis infections among 10–64-year-olds. A questionnaire was used to identify risk factors for hepatitis infection, and seromarkers were measured by the fully automated immunologic analyzer HISCL-5000. Among a total of 10,040 participants, 8.1% of the population aged 10–64 was infected with HBV, 9.4% with HCV, and 0.4% with HBV and HCV, and the p

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Lepore, Caroline Makena, Lucy Kamau, and Esther Kanduma. "Molecular Prevalence of Entamoeba Species among Diarrheal Patients in Eastern Kenya." European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (2022): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.304.

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Data on the epidemiology of Entamoeba infections in Eastern part of Kenya is scanty. Diagnostic tests in use have limited capacity to differentiate common infecting species. The performance of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to differentiate between pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica and two nonpathogenic species E. dispar and E. moshkovskii is largely undetermined. Therefore, this study sought to determine the prevalence and associated factors for Entamoeba infections and evaluate the performance of PCR to differentiate Entamoeba complex species among diarrheal patient in Eastern region of Keny

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Sedionoto, Blego, Sueptrakool Wasessombat, Chuchard Punsawad, and Witthaya Anamnart. "Environmental Factors and Prevalence of Hookworm infection and Strongyloidiasis in Rural East Kalimantan, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912504001.

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The prevalence of hookworm infection and strongyloidiasis is serious public health concern globally. In rural East Kalimantan, Indonesia has high-risk environmental factors of the prevalence of hookworm infection and strongyloidiasis. In this study would show the infection rates, correlation analysis between environmental risk factors and prevalence of hookworm infection with statistical analysis. We performed a cross-sectional study among 213 participants from rural community of East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. In this study used two diagnostic methods: Kato Katz and Koga agar plate cultu

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Budke, Christine M., Qiu Jiamin, Philip S. Craig, and Paul R; Torgerson. "Modeling The Transmission Of Echinococcus Granulosus And Echinococcus Multilocularis In Dogs For A High Endemic Region Of The Tibetan Plateau." International journal for parasitology 35, no. 2 (2005): 163–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.10.026.

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Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis abundance and prevalence data, for domestic dogs of Shiqu County, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China, were fitted to mathematical models to evaluate transmission parameters. Abundance models, assuming the presence and absence of immunity, were fit for both E. granulosus and E. multilocularis using Bayesian priors, maximum likelihood, and Monte Carlo sampling techniques. When the models were compared, using the likelihood ratio test for nested models, the model assuming the presence of immunity was the best fit for E. granulosus

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Shinad, Keloth, and Puthanpurayil Kandambeth Prasadan. "Prevalence, intensity and mean abundance of digenean parasites of the frog Fejervarya sp. (Anura: Dicroglossidae) of the South Western Ghats." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 14 (2019): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061408.

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Four species of digenean parasites, Ganeo glottoides, Pleurogenoides cyanophlycti, Tremiorchis ranarum and Encyclometra colubrimurorum infecting the frog Fejervarya sp. (Anura: Dicroglossidae) of the Wayanad Region of the South Western Ghats are reported in this paper. Of the trematode parasites recovered, three, G. glottoides, P. cyanophlycti and T. ranarum, were adults and one, E. colubrimurorum, a metacercaria. Multiple infections were also recorded during the study. Prevalence of infection of G. glottoides, P. cyanophlycti, T. ranarum and E. coloubrimurorum were 1.27%, 0.84%, 0.84% and 0.8

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Chaubey, Supriya, Ragini Melhotra, and Umesh Sharma. "Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women with known HIV status and their perinatal outcome- a retrospective single centre analysis." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 4 (2021): 1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20211144.

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Background: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and other reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among pregnant women and their perinatal outcome.Methods: Pregnant women in their 3rd trimester (N=1000) from September 2009 and august 2010 were included. Information related to demographic profile, obstetrics complications, previous genital infections and gynecological diseases were taken. All pregnant women were followed up for their 4-week perinatal outcome.Results: The prevalence of sexually transmitted infection was 25.2% in preg

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Alade, Tolulope, Thuy-Huong Ta-Tang, Sulaiman Adebayo Nassar, et al. "Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium and Intestinal Helminth Infections among Nigerian School Children." Diagnostics 13, no. 4 (2023): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040759.

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Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) are two parasitic diseases mainly affecting school children. The purpose of this study was to estimate the current prevalence and infection intensity, in addition to the associations of these infections with age and sex, in children aged 4–17 years living in Osun State, Nigeria. From each participant (250 children), one urine and one stool sample were taken for the study, for the microscopic detection of eggs or larvae in faeces by means of the Kato–Katz method and eggs in filtrated urine. The overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasi

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Hopmans, T. E. M., H. E. M. Blok, A. Troelstra, and M. J. M. Bonten. "Prevalence of Hospital-Acquired Infections During Successive Surveillance Surveys Conducted at a University Hospital in The Netherlands." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 28, no. 4 (2007): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/512640.

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Objective.To monitor hospital-wide trends in the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in order to identify areas where the risk of infection is increasing.Methods.Successive surveillance surveys were conducted twice yearly, from November 2001 until May 2004, to determine the prevalence of HAIs at 2 Dutch hospitals, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria.Results.In all, 340 HAIs were observed in 295 (11.1%) of 2,661 patients surveyed. The overall prevalence per survey varied from 10.2% to 15.6%, with no significant differences between successive surveys. In the s

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Zhao, Ming, Dan Zhou, Min Zhang, et al. "Characteristic of persistent human papillomavirus infection in women worldwide: a meta–analysis." PeerJ 11 (November 14, 2023): e16247. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16247.

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Objectives We aimed to estimate the genotype distribution of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in females worldwide, and provided a scientific basis for the prevention strategies of cervical cancer (CC) and the development of HPV vaccines. Methods Both English and Chinese databases were researched from the inception to July 2023. The pooled persistent HPV infection prevalence was calculated using a random effects model. The subgroup analysis was performed to explore the heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot, Egger’s and Begg’s test. Results Twenty-eight

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Ardesia, Marco, Giuseppe Costantino, Placido Mondello, Angela Alibrandi, and Walter Fries. "Serology of Viral Infections and Tuberculosis Screening in an IBD Population Referred to a Tertiary Centre of Southern Italy." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4139656.

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Background. With the introduction of more potent immunosuppressive agents in inflammatory bowel disease, prevention of opportunistic infections has become necessary by introducing screening programs. Prevalence of the most important infectious agents may vary in different geographical areas. The aim of our study was to assess the immune status for hepatitis B, varicella, mononucleosis, and cytomegalovirus infection together with the determination of the hepatitis C and tuberculosis status in Southern Italy. Methods. Prevalence of latent tuberculosis, together with serology of hepatitis B and C

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Nkenfou, Celine Nguefeu, Nadine Fainguem, Félicitée Dongmo-Nguefack, et al. "Enhanced passive surveillance dengue infection among febrile children: Prevalence, co-infections and associated factors in Cameroon." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 4 (2021): e0009316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009316.

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Dengue virus (DENV) causes a spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic, mild febrile to a life-threatening illness: dengue hemorrhagic fever. The main clinical symptom of dengue is fever, similar to that of malaria. The prevalence of dengue virus infection, alone or in association with other endemic infectious diseases in children in Cameroon is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dengue, malaria and HIV in children presenting with fever and associated risk factors. Dengue overall prevalence was 20.2%, Malaria cases were 52.7% and HIV cases represented 12.6%.

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Karunanayake, Chandima P., William Albritton, Donna C. Rennie, et al. "Ear Infection and Its Associated Risk Factors in First Nations and Rural School-Aged Canadian Children." International Journal of Pediatrics 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1523897.

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Background.Ear infections in children are a major health problem and may be associated with hearing impairment and delayed language development.Objective.To determine the prevalence and the associated risk factors of ear infections in children 6–17 years old residing on two reserves and rural areas in the province of Saskatchewan.Methodology.Data were provided from two rural cross-sectional children studies. Outcome variable of interest was presence/absence of an ear infection. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between ear infection and the other covariates

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Vignoles, P., G. Dreyfuss, and D. Rondelaud. "Larval development of Fasciola hepatica in experimental infections: variations with populations of Lymnaea truncatula." Journal of Helminthology 76, no. 2 (2002): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2002112.

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AbstractA retrospective study was undertaken on 70 French populations of Lymnaea truncatula experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica to determine whether or not susceptibility of snails to infection influenced redial and cercarial production. Results were compared with those obtained from two control populations, known for prevalences higher than 60% when experimentally infected with F. hepatica. In the 70 other populations examined, the prevalences ranged from 2 to 75%. In 55 of these populations, where the prevalence was more than 20%, a high proportion (50.1–56.8%) of snails died afte

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Lemmet, Thomas, Laurent Cotte, Clotilde Allavena, et al. "High syphilis prevalence and incidence in people living with HIV and Preexposure Prophylaxis users: A retrospective review in the French Dat’AIDS cohort." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (2022): e0268670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268670.

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Background In the past years, we observed a sharp increase of Syphilis, especially among male who have sex with male (MSM), either HIV-infected, or on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Our aim was to assess syphilis prevalence and incidence among people living with HIV (PLWH) and PrEP users. Methods PLWH were included from 2010 to 2020 and PrEP users from 2016 to 2020 from the Dat’AIDS French cohort. We calculated syphilis prevalence and incidences for first infections, re-infections, and iterative infections (> 2 times). T-Tests, Wilcoxon tests and Chi2 test were used for descriptive analys

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Parveen, Kawser, Afroza Momen, Arzumath Ara Begum, and Monowara Begum. "Prevalence Of Urinary Tract Infection During Pregnancy." Journal of Dhaka National Medical College & Hospital 17, no. 2 (2012): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v17i2.12200.

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Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common bacterial infections during pregnancy. Untreated UTI can be associated with serious obstetric complications. This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of UTI among pregnant women attending in two private tertiary medical college hospital of Dhaka. A total of 250 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. UTI was diagnosed using mid stream urine (MSU) culture. Using > 105 colony forming unit per milliliter as significant level of bacteriuria, the prevalence was found to be 26.0%. There was a high incidence in 21

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Muna Hashim Ghazzay, Shimaa Jabber Kiad, Shimaa J. Shamran, and Meison Abdulbary. "Prevalence of amoebic dysentery and giardiasis in Al-Najaf." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 4 (2019): 2960–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i4.1576.

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The infestation with amoebic dysentery and giardiasis in the intestine play an important role in the human health deficiency in Al-Najaf since the infections may lead to gastroenteritis in human. To learn about the range of extending amoebic dysentery and giardiasis in people ( male and female ) which their ages range (1-50 ) years old this study was established for 7 months (January 2018 to July 2018) in Al-Najaf. A total of 377 patient examined in this study,119 infections Giardia lamblia and 258 infections Entamoeba histolytica, Results indicated that the highest infection was 16.3 in age r

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Purba, Ivan Elisabeth, Vierto Irennius Girsang, Amila Amila, et al. "Community and School-Based Surveys of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections on Samosir Island, Indonesia." JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN 21, no. 3 (2023): 508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31965/infokes.vol21.iss3.1362.

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Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are common in tropical and sub-tropical regions where they can have substantial local public health impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of STH infection in the community and children aged 6 to 11 years attending government-run schools in the Simanindo sub-district of Samosir Island. In total, 314 individuals in the community and 187 children aged 6 to 11 years attending government schools were invited to provide a fecal sample. All fecal samples were examined microscopically using the Kato-Katz technique. The prevalence of STH infecti

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Chemaitelly, Hiam, Ramzi R. Finan, Eddie Racoubian, Gulzhanat Aimagambetova, and Wassim Y. Almawi. "Estimates of the incidence, prevalence, and factors associated with common sexually transmitted infections among Lebanese women." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (2024): e0301231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301231.

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Background We analyzed the prevalence of active infection with common curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including N. gonorrhea, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, and T. pallidum, as well as active infection with HPV, herpes simplex virus types I (HSV-1) and II (HSV-2), M. hominis, M. genitalium, C. albicans, and Ureaplasma in 351 Lebanese women. Methods A cross-sectional study, involving 351 sexually active women, 40 years or younger, who were recruited from outpatient Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic attendees between September 2016 and November 2017. Results The prevalence of active

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Mahadeo, Mandal, and Kumari Smita. "Long-term Trends in the Prevalence of Nosocomial Infections: A Microbiological Perspective." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 5 (2024): 1476–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12759432.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Hospital-Acquired nosocomial Infections (HAIs) increase patients’ risk of sickness, mortality, and healthcare system costs. Common healthcare-associated ailments include pneumonia, UTIs, surgical site infections, and bloodstream infections. A major public health and infection control challenge, these illnesses frequently appear 48 hours or more after admission. <strong>Method:</strong> A retrospective cohort study examined nosocomial infection patterns over time. All hospitalised nosocomial infections were studied. Patient demographics, pathoge

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Scendoni, Roberto, Emanuele Bury, Isabella Lima Arrais Ribeiro, et al. "Leading Pathogens Involved in Co-Infection and Super-Infection with COVID-19: Forensic Medicine Considerations after a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Pathogens 12, no. 5 (2023): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050646.

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The COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns about the potential for co-infection or over-infection with other respiratory infections, as they can complicate the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease. This is also a challenge for forensic pathologists, who may come across cases where the presence of co-infection or over-infection is suspected or confirmed, and it is important that they take this into account when determining the cause of death. The aim of this systematic review is to analyse the prevalence of each specific pathogen co-infecting or over-infecting patients with SARS-CoV-2 i

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Zabana, Yamile, Lorena Rodríguez, Triana Lobatón, et al. "Relevant Infections in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Their Relationship With Immunosuppressive Therapy and Their Effects on Disease Mortality." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 13, no. 7 (2019): 828–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz013.

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Abstract Background and Aims There is controversy as to whether the risk of relevant infection in IBD is related to immunosuppressants or the disease itself. The aims of this study were to evaluate: [1] the life-long prevalence and types of relevant infections in patients with IBD related to immunosuppressive treatment, and [2] the relationship of both infection and patient comorbidity to mortality. Methods Observational multicentre retrospective study of IBD patients that presented a relevant infection. For each case, four periods of infection exposure were analysed: P1: pre-IBD diagnosis, P2

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Alami, K. "[Urethral discharge in Morocco: prevalence of microorganisms and susceptibility of gonococcos]." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 08, no. 06 (2002): 794–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2002.8.6.794.

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We studied 422 patients with urethral discharge recruited from 4 sentinel sites in Morocco to determine sociodemographic characteristics, history of STI infection, infecting organism and antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The mean age of the sample was 28 years [range 16-67 years], and most were single, had multiple sex partners without taking protective measures and came from all social backgrounds; 59.9% had a history of a previous STI. The majority [87%] of the infections were the acute form. By polymerase chain reaction of urine samples of 399 patients, 41.6% had N. gonorr

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Bristow, Claire C., Cristina Espinosa da Silva, Alicia H. Vera, Jesus E. Gonzalez-Fagoaga, Gudelia Rangel, and Heather A. Pines. "Prevalence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections and coinfection with HIV among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Tijuana, Mexico." International Journal of STD & AIDS 32, no. 8 (2021): 751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420987757.

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We estimated the prevalence of syphilis and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections, as well as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection among cisgender men who have sex with cisgender men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) in Tijuana, Mexico. MSM and TW ( N = 212) recruited via respondent-driven and venue-based sampling for HIV testing underwent sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing and completed interviewer-administered surveys in this study (2017–2018). Treponemal rapid tests were used at the point-of-care with positives undergoing confirmatory testin

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Maharjan, R., M. Timilshina, R. Shakya, S. Bhattarai, S. Bhattarai, and P. Gurung. "Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection of kindergarten children." International Journal of Infection and Microbiology 2, no. 3 (2013): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8205.

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INTRODUCTION: Intestinal parasitic infections are the major public health problems of Nepal. Apart from causing mortality and morbidity, infection with intestinal parasites has been associated with stunting of linear growth, physical weakness and low educational achievement in school children. The drinking water is considered as the major cause for parasitic infection. This study aims to determine the prevalence of parasitic infection among the children visiting kindergarten of the Kathmandu, Khusibhu area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross sectional study was done in randomly selected Kindergarten

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Majnooni, Araz, Saeed Amel Jamedar, Amir Azimian, and Kiarash Ghazvini. "Association of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae with female infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Universa Medicina 41, no. 3 (2022): 302–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2022.v41.302-314.

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BackgroundChlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infections that have been associated with serious reproductive health outcomes for women. The association of CT and NG infection with female fertility is not completely established yet. This review aimed to determine the association of CT and NG with female infertility. MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. We searched a range of electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus, from Sept 25, 2017 un

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Akhtar, Abdul Majeed, Sadia Majeed, Muhammad Jamil, and Abdul Rehman. "PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS C INFECTION." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 11 (2015): 1390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.11.861.

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Objectives: The aim of the current study was to estimate the seroprevalence andrisk factors investigation associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in general patientsattending various public and private hospitals of Lahore metropolitan. Study Design: Crosssectional study. Setting: Out Patient Departments (OPDs) of public hospitals, comprising ofMayo Hospital, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Services Hospital, Jinnah Hospital and Lahore GeneralHospital of Lahore. Period: 2012. Material and Methods: A total of 904 patients from outpatientdepartments of five public and two private hospitals were

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