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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Preventation'
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Grinberg, Austin M., and Austin M. Grinberg. "Implementation of a Brief Preventative Couples Intervention in a Primary Care Setting." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625559.
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Healthy romantic relationships are associated with a multitude of positive physical and mental health outcomes. Conversely, low relationship quality and relationship dissolution are associated with risk for poor health outcomes. Accordingly, numerous studies investigate ways to preserve healthy relationships through the use of preventative relationship education interventions, many of which improve relationship outcomes. However, evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions is somewhat mixed, and promising interventions often fail to reach at-risk populations due to high participant burden. There is a movement within clinical psychology to create easily accessible, targeted therapy protocols in order to increase the broad availability of these evidence-based interventions. The current study aimed to replicate and extend the Marriage Hack (MH), a brief, evidence-based preventative relationship intervention designed to stabilize the natural decline in relationship quality over time. This study addressed four specific aims designed to: 1) examine the efficacy of the MH intervention using an abbreviated protocol; 2) extend the original MH intervention by investigating theory-based mechanisms of change and assessing individual health outcomes; 3) explore how theory-based mechanisms change over time; and, 4) evaluate the relationship between within-person and between-person variance in process variables and outcome measures. Seventy-eight (N = 78) couples were randomized to the 4-week MH protocol (n = 41) or control condition (n = 37). Results demonstrated men in the intervention group exhibited 1) greater improvements in relationship satisfaction and 2) decreases in both anxiety and depression compared to men in the control group. This study did not replicate the findings of the original MH for additional outcome variables and process variables for men or women. No support was found for mediating effects of additional theory-based mechanisms of change on outcome measures. However, exploratory intensive longitudinal analyses revealed noteworthy relationships between within-person and between-person variance in process variables and treatment outcomes. Research recommendations to further improve preventative relationship interventions and clinical implications of the current findings are discussed.
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Schetzina, Karen E., William Dalton, Elizabeth Lowe, Nora Azzazy, Katrina VonWerssowetz, Connie Givens, Deborah Pfortmiller, and H. Stern. "A Coordinated School Health Approach to Obesity Prevention Among Appalachian Youth." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5102.
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Childhood obesity has been an increasing problem in the United States, especially in rural areas. Effective prevention approaches are needed. This article describes the development, implementation, effectiveness, feasibility, and sustainability of a school-based obesity prevention pilot project, Winning with Wellness. The program was based on the coordinated school health model and included a community-based participatory research approach aimed at promoting healthy eating and physical activity in a rural Appalachian elementary school. Findings from this preliminary project revealed improvements in nutrition offerings and increased physical activity during the school day. In addition, the program was found to be acceptable to teachers, successfully implemented utilizing both existing and newly developed resources, and sustainable as evidenced in continued practice and expansion to other area schools.
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Andersson, Cornelia, and Stephanie Liberg. "Vad påverkar kvinnlig könsstympning? : en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-1552.
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Bakgrund Kvinnlig könsstympning innebär att hela eller delar av könsorganen avlägsnas. I världen uppskattas 100-140 miljoner kvinnor genomgått ingreppet. Kvinnlig könsstympning är främst förekommande i de västra och östra delarna av Afrika samt i Egypten. Ingreppet är inte en religiös plikt utan har sedan 2000 år tillbaka utförts som en kulturell sed. En kartläggning av faktorer som påverkar fortsatt utövande av kvinnlig könsstympning behövs för att få svar på vilka resurser i det förebyggande arbetet som har störst påverkan i avskaffningen av kvinnlig könsstympning. Kartläggningen kan ge vårdpersonal en riktning om vilka resurser som är viktiga i det förebyggande arbetet och möjlighet att influera berörda kvinnor till avskaffning av ingreppet. Syfte Syftet var att kartlägga faktorer som påverkar utövande av kvinnlig könsstympning. Metod Litteraturstudie baserad på vetenskapliga artiklar valdes som metod för att granska och sammanställa litteraturen och få en översikt över kunskapsläget av det valda ämnet kvinnlig könsstympning. Totalt hittades 19 relevanta artiklar genom databassökning i Pubmed och CINAHL samt manuell sökning. Resultat Utövandet av kvinnlig könsstympning var främst relaterat till tradition och anpassning i samhället. Kvinnor som motsatte sig ingreppet erhöll medieinnehåll och hade grundläggande kunskaper om medicinska komplikationer, religiösa förbud och utbildningsinterventioner. Attityder gentemot utövande av kvinnlig könsstympning har ett samband mellan kön, ålder, utbildningsnivå och bostadsområde. Låg avsikt att utöva ingreppet på sina döttrar var associerat med manligt kön, hög ålder samt hög utbildningsnivå av modern. Utvärderandet av lagförbudet i Egypten visade inga skillnader i mönstret av spridning av kvinnlig könsstympning före och efter lagförbudet. Lagförbudet sågs inte som en lösning utan som ett sätt att skapa konfrontation mellan regeringen och samhället. Olika utbildningsprogram/interventioner visade sig ha en påverkan på attitydförändring gentemot kvinnlig könsstympning. Slutsats Faktorer som påverkade utövandet av kvinnlig könsstympning är utbildning, kunskap, ålder, kön och geografi. Utbildningsinterventioner har en attitydpåverkan både direkt och indirekt. Detta samt hälsoutbildningar, personliga erfarenheter och interaktion med familj och vänner är de främsta källorna till kunskap om könsstympning. Lagstiftning mot ingreppet är inte tillräckligt. Det behövs åtgärder på kommunalnivå där hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal kan informera, ge stöd och påverka attityd till att stoppa denna sedvänja. Nyckelord: Litteraturstudie, kvinnlig könsstympning, kvinnlig omskärelse, förebyggande arbete, prevention, attityder, resurs.
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Kaur, Jasmine. "Preventative Vaccine for Cancer patients." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/413312.
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Cancer is an age-old disease and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. It starts with the development of abnormal cells that multiply to form tumours and may lead to metastasis causing damage to healthy tissues and organs of the body. Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer with significant morbidity and mortality globally and is of major concern for the society. Decades of research and innovation in the treatment of cancer led to the development of certain conventional therapies such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy that are being effectively used. However, these traditional therapies have a disadvantage of destroying healthy cells and tissues in its close proximity, leading to other severe diseases and side effects. Therefore, a much-advanced approach to treat cancer without causing severe side effects became an important area of research. Improvements in the field of anti-cancer therapies led to a strategy to combine traditional treatment approaches to destroy cancer cells. Additionally, treatments such as targeted therapies, hormone therapy, and precision medicine came into existence. Alternatively, the immune system was analysed to determine an effective approach that could control proliferation of cancer cells and cause limited or no damage to other cells. This area of cancer therapeutics, known as immunotherapy, targets the immune system to enhance its ability of recognizing invasive neoplasms. Our immune system in response to an infection immediately activates immune cells, creating a protective immunity for decades. Unfortunately, this immune response often fails when fighting against cancer and is unable to entirely eliminate tumour cells or develop effective immunity. Cancer vaccines, a branch of immunotherapy that has potential therapeutic benefits can build immunity and ultimately lead to prevention from future illness. These have been employed to treat the disease using tumour associated antigens and various adjuvants or immune stimulators and only a few have been in clinical trials. The potential of such cancer vaccines can be exploited to further develop treatment strategies to prevent tumour occurrence and provide long-lasting immunity. This study was designed to primarily explore the potential of a novel immune stimulator, RNA:DNA hybrid and an established TLR9 agonist, CpG 7909. Furthermore, these agonists were used to develop a preventative cancer vaccine in association with a tumour associated carbohydrate antigen, Globo-H to determine whether the novel formulation could improve immune response and trigger antigen presentation in vitro and in vivo. In an in vivo setting, these were also investigated against lung cancer to determine their potential in preventing tumour occurrence. Within this study RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were initially exposed to varying concentrations of CpG 7909, RNA:DNA hybrid, and Globo-H to determine the optimum dose concentration for the activation of antigen presenting cells by measuring the level of TNF-α secreted in cell culture supernatant. Following dose optimization, the individual agents were combined in a vaccine formulation, sharing the same antigen, where two cell lines, mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages and human monocytic cell line, THP-1 that was differentiated into macrophages and dendritic cells were exposed to the vaccines. TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-6 cytokine response was analysed as measured by ELISA and real-time PCR that were determined to be partially significant in response to the vaccines. The degree of immune response demonstrated by RNA:DNA hybrid-based vaccine (HG-Vax) confirmed that HG-Vax is more effective than CpG 7909-based vaccine (CG-Vax). This response was further analysed in an in vivo model where C57/BL mice were exposed to immune stimulators and vaccines separately for 14- and 28-days before end point termination. Serum was analysed for IL-12 and TNF-α to determine the level of inflammatory response. Even though statistical significance was not achieved in vivo, contrasting observations compared to the in vitro model were exhibited. Secretion of IL-12 in animals confirmed the induction of an anti-tumour immune response. Interestingly, cytokines induced by single dose CG-Vax persisted for a longer period of time in blood in comparison to HG-Vax. However, opposite was true with the booster immunization. In animal model of lung cancer, statistical significance validates that booster immunization with HG-Vax triggers an immune response and upregulates MHC II expression. Unfortunately, CG-Vax did not induce a significant immune response and failed to induce MHC II expression in an in vivo model of lung cancer. Although these findings present RNA:DNA hybrid to be a novel immune stimulator that may have the potential to be used in future cancer vaccinations, further investigation on its immunological potential and mechanism of action remains of need.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Pharmacy & Med Sci
Griffith Health
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Marquez, Brendan. "Veteran Preventative Intervention Program| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527989.
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The purpose of this project was to design a 2-year program aimed at addressing the mental health needs of veterans transitioning from deployments in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom to civilian life. The program will address prodromal symptoms of psychosis. With the prevalence of psychotic features in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, the veteran population is particularly at risk. The program will offer individual and group therapies to assist in symptom management and will utilize case management supportive services to assist in addressing additional needs that the participants may have that hinder help seeking activities, such as housing and substance abuse referrals. The National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health was selected as the funding source for this grant. The actual submission and/or funding of this grant were not a requirement for the successful completion of this project.
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Gana, Kalliopi. "The role of phytochemicals in preventative medicine." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403279.
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Fearing, Rebecca Cassler. "Managing preventative maintenance activities at Intel Corporation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37138.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 51).
The work for this thesis was completed at Intel Corporation in Colorado Springs, Colorado at Fab 23, a semiconductor fabrication facility making flash memory. The project focused on evaluating and managing preventative maintenance activities to improve WIP (Work in Progress) management and cycle time. Equipment runs a factory, but effective maintenance of that equipment is often overlooked for improvement efforts due to constrained technical resources. However, preventative maintenance (PM) activities can provide process stability and increased throughput if scheduled and executed efficiently. This thesis evaluates the benefits of coordinating PMs among functional areas and the effectiveness of existing PM practices at a 24 hours per day, 7 days per week facility. Using a WIP model, I show that wait times can be significantly reduced by scheduling PMs on sequential tools at the same time, so WIP only waits once for PMs. Additionally, the goal of an effective maintenance team is to spend more scheduled time maintaining equipment and less time doing unscheduled repairs. A base line of PM performance at Fab 23 is completed showing that they have opportunities to improve their PM processes by learning from other Intel facilities and implementing off-line repairs.
by Rebecca Cassler Fearing.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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Droomer, L. "Preventative strategies to ensure optimal managerial functioning." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50424.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In today's fast and highly competitive business environment, every manager is placed under increasing pressure. Managers are being confronted on a daily basis with situations where their management skills are tested to the utmost and critical decisions need to be made. These decisions are not always to everybody else's approval. In order to conquer these trying situations, it is necessary for every manager to equip himself by strategically planning how he is going to handle these situations. This study aims to present these critical managerial areas in a practical functioning model. From this model, certain levels indicating the different aspects having an influence on managerial performance, as well as their build-up, are discussed. In the various levels of the model, the possible tools enabling the manager to prepare himself, is presented through questionnaires, processes and models of self examination. Hereby every manager can preventatively plan and prepare himself to avoid personal stress and underperformance. The processes will support optimal managerial performance. The awareness of the different areas, as well as the use and application of the models, will enable every manager to identify areas of weakness in his personal performance. The importance of every area, as well as possible aspects to be kept in mind, is discussed in this study. As one can1 truly separate work and personal life, the tools proposed in this study will also greatly benefit personal development in every facet of life.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die hedendaagse snelveranderende en hoogs kompeterende bestuursomgewing word al hoe meer eise aan bestuurders gestel. Hulle word daagliks gekonfronteer met verskeie toetse en situasies, waartydens die mondering van bestuurders tot die uiterste getoets word en moeilike besluite geneem moet word. Hierdie besluite dra dan ook nie altyd almal se goedkeuring nie. Ten einde hierdie eise baas te raak, is dit nodig dat bestuurders hulleself moet toerus deur strategies hiervoor voor te berei. Hierdie studie het dus die doelwit om hierdie toerustingsareas in 'n praktiese funksionele model saam te stel. Vanuit hierdie model word die verskillende vlakke van toerusting, sowel as die opeenvolging daarvan bespreek. In die verskillende vlakke van die model word die moontlike toerusting wat elke bestuurder self kan volg uitgewys in die vorm van vraelyste, prosesse en stappe van selfondersoek. Hieruit kan elke bestuurder voorkomend strategiese beplanning en voorbereiding aanpak, sodat moontlike persoonlike spanning en wanprestasie verhoed kan word. Die prosesse sal bestuursprestasie tot die maksimum ondersteun. Die bewusmaking van die verskillende areas, asook die gebruik en die toepassing van die modelle, sal elke bestuurder in staat stel om leemtes in persoonlike prestasie te identifiseer. Die belangrikheid van elke area sowel as moontlike aspekte wat in elke vlak in gedagte gehou moet word, word Iydens die studie bespreek. Aangesien dit bykans onmoontlik is om 'n mens se beroepslewe en persoonlike lewe te skei, sal die hulpmiddels wat die dokument voorstel ook tot groot voordeel wees van persoonlike ontwikkeling in elke faset van die lewe.
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Wang, Ya-Chien. "AIDS Preventative Behavior Among Taiwanese University Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279286/.
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This study used the Health Belief Model to examine the predictors of AIDS preventive behavior. The independent variables were the variables of individual perception, modifying factors (psychological variables), and likelihood variables. The respondents, the Taiwanese students of the University of North Texas, were influenced both by Chinese sexuality and Western values in their AIDS-risk behavior. The results revealed that 90% of the respondents were misinformed on the availability of AIDS vaccine. In addition, a majority of the students were either abstaining from sex or practicing monogamy. Using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis, this study found that the psychological variables rather than cognitive variables significantly influenced the respondents' AIDS preventive behavior. Finally, suggestions were made for future research on AIDS, and for AIDS preventive behavior campaigns.
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Jurko, Adam. "Concussion preventative head-gear in contact sports." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123286.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 23-24).
This thesis explores the concussion preventative head-gear used in four contact sports: football, baseball, soccer, and basketball. The most effective head-gear from each sport is presented along with the reasons behind their success. Football and baseball organizations have regulations set in place for players to be required to wear helmets, while soccer and basketball organizations do not require players to wear any sort of head-gear. This thesis presents the reasons why soccer and basketball organizations do not require players to wear head-gear, but it also shows the equipment that have been used by players in the past to prevent further head injuries. This paper includes a personal anecdote as well as a recommendation for soccer organizations to require head-gear during competition and for basketball organizations to fund research into protective equipment specific to basketball players.
by Adam Jurko.
S.B.
S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Chenaille, Tiffany. "Abuse of developmentally disabled children| a preventative program." Thesis, State University of New York Empire State College, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1543687.
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This project proposes a program designed to reduce the likelihood of abuse to children with developmental disabilities by teaching and training their parents. It begins with the evidence of abuse of children with developmental disabilities. The causes behind higher than average abuse rates are enumerated. The correlation between parental stress and abuse is covered. Violence prevention programs for schools, inmates and children are reviewed for viability. Components of these programs may be useful for a program focused on children with developmental disabilities. Violence prevention programs that serve children with developmental disabilities are reviewed. Possible solutions for reducing stress in general and in relation to raising a child with developmental disabilities are addressed.
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Bobadilla, Julia. "Helping at-risk youth through a preventative program." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527890.
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The purpose of this project was to partner with a host agency, locate a potential funding source, and write a grant to obtain funding for a preventative program for at-risk youth. A literature review was conducted in order to analyze the background and prevalence of juvenile delinquency, and past and current prevention and intervention efforts to address it. The preventative program will be located at Boys Republic's Monrovia Day program, located in Monrovia, California. The program will provide at-risk (male and female) high school aged (13-18) youth with education, independent living skills, and recreational activities to develop or improve social skills, emotional growth, and self-sufficiency. The program will also assist youth with developing meaningful relationships with nonfamily adults through the use of mentorship. The actual submission or funding of this grant was not a requirement for the successful completion ofthe project.
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Srikrishna, Padmanabhan 1968. "Preventative stepping in quiet standing : effect of vestibulopathy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10437.
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Eschelbach, Gregory D. "Wires-down predictive modeling and preventative measures optimization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104401.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: S.M. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-52).
In 2012, the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) identified overhead wires-down failure events as an important metric for safety and reliability. These events occur when power lines contact the ground and are caused by a host of reasons including trees falling on wires, animals creating problems, car accidents into poles, or older assets deteriorating and separating. To mitigate these wires-down events, PG&E has a portfolio of preventative measures including tree trimming, routine inspections, and replacement of older assets. This thesis hypothesized that a statistical approach could be used to identify the key drivers in wires-down events and predict future failure locations, thereby helping to direct the preventative measures. In the data aggregation phase of the project, ten datasets describing potential causal factors in wires-down events were integrated into a single database. Key contributions included utilizing clustering analysis to create standardized weather "environments" based on numerous weather factors, and developing an algorithm that used millions of individual tree trimming records to describe the vegetation environment surrounding each line segment. Statistical regressions and machine learning algorithms were then applied to the dataset to model the wires-down events. Out-of-sampling testing determined the best approach, and the predicted timeframe was iteratively rotated to show robustness throughout time. The best results were achieved using logistic regression models. These models predicted hot spot locations of future failures for specific failure modes and provided insight into the key factors that were causing the failures. To implement the models' findings, the discrete line segment failure probabilities were aggregated into sections of line that were several miles in length to calculate cumulative failure ratings. These groupings were the appropriate length for preventative measure projects at PG&E, and allowed PG&E to prioritize their tree trimming and re-conductoring efforts based on the future failure risk. Ultimately, this project simplified decision-making for PG&E experts by focusing their efforts onto a more manageable and perceivable portion of their complex network.
by Gregory D. Eschelbach.
M.B.A.
S.M. in Engineering Systems
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Marsden, Iain. "Preventative maintenance optimisation in a capital-constrained environment." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73466.
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Due to the recognition of the importance of maintenance from an organisational perspective, a number of different maintenance-related approaches have been developed. These approaches include reliability centred maintenance, business-centred maintenance, total productive maintenance and life cycle costing. They consider maintenance from specific different viewpoints and no single approach can be applied to all circumstances. Common to all these approaches are techniques to optimise the maintenance strategies using mathematical models. A variety of mathematical approaches are described in the literature, all of which involve the minimisation of the total costs incurred in relation to the required maintenance activities. This study focuses on data-driven optimisation models that consider costs and the reliability performance of equipment. The practical implementation of these optimising maintenance models presents two main challenges. First, the decision on when to use which model would depend on the type of system/equipment under consideration, as well as on available data. Different models based on analysing the historical failure data of the system or component are considered in order to optimise the maintenance strategies to be applied to these two types of individual systems. In the case of having a number of identical components or systems in series, where a shutdown of one of the systems results in the shutdown of the entire series, models are considered to allow for analysis with the correct maintenance technique of components or systems showing these trends. A major limitation of these maintenance optimisation models is that they all require failure data for their implementation, which is not always obtainable. Historical maintenance cost data, however, is mostly available, therefore forecasting techniques and life cycle cost modelling are also considered. Second, the successful implementation of optimised maintenance strategies will be dependent on informed budgetary decisions being made. Therefore, the challenge of integrating the outputs from the variety of optimisation models utilised into a cohesive compilation and sensible presentation of an overall maintenance budget for a complex plant needs to be addressed. This study presents an integrated maintenance optimisation model that uses the appropriate sub-models described individually in the literature to enable the integrated compilation and sound presentation of an overall maintenance budget for a complex plant for appropriate decision-making.
iii
The use of the case study validates this methodology. It illustrates that a concise, integrated overall budgetary maintenance decision model is highly beneficial in communicating the budgetary requirements for an organisation. It was found that the outcome resulted in an effective decision-making tool with significant potential for implementation in a variety of organisations in search of optimal maintenance planning and budgetary requirements.Dissertation (Msc)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
MSc
Unrestricted
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Mustafa, Nourhan F. "Preventative Medicine and Accessibility to Healthcare in Egypt." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146612.
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This paper serves to examine the healthcare system in modern day Egypt in relation to the healthcare system present in the United States. It is a compilation of information gained from travelling to Egypt and observing and independent research. The role of preventive medicine and early access to healthcare in Egyptian society are analyzed in order to gain a better understanding of the early steps that are taken towards a healthier society. The focus is particularly on the health and well being of women and children and how the healthcare system is addressing their issues. This paper serves as an as an intro for later works where each of the issues that addressed, women's health, children's health, and the role of preventive medicine will be studied in greater depth. These analyses will be important so that one may understand what issues a healthcare professional will face when providing healthcare to people in the region.
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Tantele, Elena A. "Optimisation of preventative maintenance strategies for reinforced concrete bridges." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1058/.
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Setthammar, Kristina. "Combating HIV/AIDS: Preventative Work by Iringa Secondary Teachers." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-31902.
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The purpose of this qualitative thesis is to understand how and what teachers in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania, educate their students concerning HIV/AIDS in secondary school. Via the semi-structured interviews, observations as participant and my experiences, the study analyses why the education is carried out in a particular way and its weaknesses. The thesis concludes that the process is a hierarchy situation where the method used is mostly one-way transmission of the theoretical content. This is caused by many factors as for low amount and quality of input factors. Some of the teachers do not have any education on HIV/AIDS. There are also contextual factors affecting. One is poorly implemented policies. Other is the cultural factor where there is a great taboo and stigma in the culture hindering the teachers to teach about HIV/AIDS. The teachers need to be able to talk openly about sexuality, condoms, life skills in the context of HIV/AIDS.
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Torgerson, David J. "The economics of bone density screening and the subsequent use of hormone replacement therapy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362231.
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The work contained in this thesis explores the economic issues of screening women, and the subsequent use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), for the prevention of osteoporosis. The thesis is divided into five sections. In the first section the background to the problem is described as are the relevant economic evaluation techniques. In addition, the relevant economic literature is reviewed. The second section of the thesis, contains the results of research aimed at estimating the costs of population screening followed by treating the women at highest risk. The three chapters in this section address the following issues: estimating total screening costs; developing an economic definition of at risk status; and describing the HRT compliance rate after screening and its associated costs. In the third section the consequences of screening are examined. Hence, the osteoporosis risk profile of non attenders is described and the effects of HRT on women's quality of life is explored. Finally, this section is completed with a study looking at the predictive value of bone density screening. The fourth section is a synthesis of all the costs and consequences described in the preceding sections with relevant additional information from the literature. This section shows that screening perimenopausal women will be very expensive in terms of cost per quality adjusted life years (QALY) gained. In contrast, screening women and treating them when they are aged 70 appears to generate a relatively low cost per QALY. The final, fifth section, of the thesis describes outstanding research issues which need to be addressed before any screening programme is implemented.
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Elliott, Patricia Margaret. "Social skills training with learning disabled students : a preventative approach." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28042.
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A multidimensional study was conducted with learning disabled students to assess the effects of a social skills training program. Included were measures of self-concept, peer acceptance, and social competency as rated by parents and teachers.
Forty-six intermediate grade children were evaluated prior to the program and after 13 weeks of either treatment, or no treatment. In addition, evaluation of the effect of different instructors was carried out.
It was hypothesized that subjects would demonstrate significant (alpha=.05) increases in positive self-concept, peer acceptance, and ratings of social competency by parents and teachers. Support for this hypothesis was found for parent ratings.
A secondary hypothesis was that there would be no significant difference at the .05 level between subjects receiving treatment or the placebo from Instructor A and those receiving treatment or the placebo from Instructor B. Partial confirmation was found on the parent and teacher ratings of social competency. The hypothesis was rejected for peer ratings and self-concept measures.
Suggestions for practices in education include: (a) the expanding of social skills training throughout the elementary school by presenting it as a progressive skill building program, (b) ways to interest educators in teaching social behavior, (c) application of social skills assessment and training as a function of the counsellor or school psychologist's role, and (d) the practical logistics of setting up a social skills training program in an educational setting. Implications for future research suggest: (a) ways to refine the present study's design, (b) an examination of social behavior and peer acceptance in both the regular and special education class environments, and (c) the need for further understanding of the developmental stages in social competency.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Blanton, Rebecca. "Virtual Teams and Intercultural Ethics: Preventative Measures for Ethical Dilemmas." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5605.
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This thesis examines the ethical challenges faced by technical communicators working in global virtual teams. Virtual teams usage are becoming increasingly more popular and diverse. As a result, it is valuable for technical communicators to understand and recognize the challenges that are faced within global virtual teams in order to find solutions and preventive measures for these challenges. The ethical challenges present in global virtual teams were determined by examining the literature on virtual teams and intercultural ethics and conducting a survey of practicing technical communicators who have experience in virtual teams. The purpose of the survey was to determine the ethical challenges that are present for technical communicators and how these issues were resolved. The survey results reveal valuable approaches to resolving and preventing ethical challenges in virtual teams. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of virtual teams and intercultural ethics and examines the ethical challenges that are faced by technical communicators. Furthermore, the thesis presents preventive measures for addressing ethical challenges. Finally, the thesis also provides suggestions for future research into the ethical challenges that are faced within global virtual teams, particularly those related to cultural differences.M.A.
Masters
English
Arts and Humanities
English; Technical Communications
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Balshem, Howard. "AIDS-Preventative Behaviors and the Psychological Costs of Behavior Change." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4705.
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This study examined the effects of behavior change on psychological health among gay and bisexual men of Portland, Oregon who were at risk for contracting AIDS. Cross-sectional self-reports of personal experiences were obtained in Summer, 1991. Sexual behaviors were used as predictors of self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, and subjective well-being. Adopting safer sexual behaviors was psychologically more costly than continuing to engage in high risk behaviors, or long-term adherence to safer behaviors. Behaviors amenable to short-term change differed from those conducive to long-term maintenance. Behavior change was also found to have a beneficial effect on self-efficacy.
These findings suggest that behavior change, traditionally considered as the endpoint of a process, might more appropriately be considered as an interim stage influenced by earlier, and having an influence on later, psychological health. By integrating models of behavior change from research on alcohol and drug use, smoking, and weight control, researchers studying AIDS-related behavior might better understand the place of behavior change in the process of change, relapse, and maintenance.
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Asadi, Khalid. "The potential cancer preventative properties of sweetpotato anthocyanin-rich polyphenolic complex." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3142.
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Anthocyanins are a widespread source of naturally occurring colorants distributed in fruits, vegetables, and beverages such as red wine. Anthocyanin-rich foods and preparations have been reported to reduce the risk of life-style related diseases, including reducing the risk of coronary heart disease, preventing some chronic inflammatory diseases, protecting against cancer and slowing the ageing process. SL222 sweetpotato, a purple-fleshed cultivar, accumulates high levels of anthocyanins in the storage-root. This project examines the chemopreventative properties of the SL222 sweetpotato in the C57BL/6J-APCMIN /+Apc (APCMIN ) mouse, a genetic model of colorectal cancer, and the potential underlying mechanisms both in tissue culture and in vivo.Thesis under embargo until April 2009. Available by individual request after embargo expires, use the feedback form to request access.
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McLelland, Elizabeth Victoria. "Identification of factors associated with, and preventative strategies in, diabetic nephropathy." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/93526.
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Kevin, Alemi. "Improving on C with Rust An analysis of Rusts preventative abilities." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423906.
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The C programming language is infamous for its ability to be exploited,thus it raises several security concerns. This thesis aims to investigate whether Rust can successfully prevent commonly known C programming errors and if it is a safe choice as a low-level programming language. This was done by selecting a total of 20 commonly known critical C programming errors and implementing them in both C and in Rust to observe the outcome and attempt to draw a conclusion from a safety point of view. The results show that 55% of programming errors were inexpressible by Rusts language design, 30% were detected by the compiler and 15% were flagged faults. The results for the sameprogramming errors in C showed that 85% went completely undetected by the C compiler, thus being unflagged faults, whereas 15% were flagged faults. Based on the results presented in this thesis one might conclude that Rusts language design yields better results than the C languagedesign. Thus, for the chosen programming errors Rust provides a safer alternative to C.
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González, David Andrés. "Evaluating Preventative Interventions for Depression and Related Outcomes: a Meta-analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700044/.
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The burden of depression requires modalities other than individual psychotherapy if we are to reduce it. Over the past two decades preventative programs for depression have been developed and refined for different populations. The six years since the last meta-analysis of preventative interventions—inclusive of all program types—have seen a number of new studies. The current study used the greater statistical power provided by these new studies to analyze moderators of, and sub-group differences in, the effect of these interventions on depression. Moreover, this meta-analysis synthesized effect sizes for outcomes other than, but often related to, depression (e.g., anxiety) and for within-group change scores with the goal of better informing program implementation and evaluation. Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria and indicated that small, robust effects exist for reductions in depression diagnoses and symptomatology. Significant effects were also observed for anxiety, general health, and social functioning.
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Keen, Brittany Phoebe. "Using Misconceptions to Improve Engagement and Preventative Effects Within Gambling Education." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/21190.
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Gambling education programs typically focus on promoting gambling as a risky behaviour with harmful consequences. However, young people may not engage with this messaging as they cannot personally relate to the individuals described. Gambling-related misconceptions facilitate development and maintenance of problems and learning gambling mathematics concepts may reduce the likelihood of misconception development. Including gambling misconceptions in education may improve youth engagement by providing a developmental account of gambling problems which is more relevant. Pedagogical literature suggests misconceptions are important in learning complex new material like probabilities and statistics. This research aimed to test if educating young people about gaming machine misconceptions improved their engagement with educational content and understanding of gambling mathematics; and if it reduced existing misconceptions in adult gaming machine players. Three educational videos were developed: risk awareness, information only, and cognitive misconceptions. Results suggest the Misconceptions video was not more engaging than the other videos amongst young audiences, but resulted in significant improvements in misconceptions and understanding of gambling mathematics amongst adult gamblers. Young people who are not heavily involved in gambling may prefer reductive information about gaming machines, however, this type of information is the least likely to produce preventive effects. Gambling education is best delivered by stratifying complex information over time in line with people’s development and gambling experiences. Incorporating gambling education into the mathematics curriculum may ensure crucial information about game design is conveyed but may require a blended approach with multi-media and trained facilitators. Most adolescents in this research did not gamble and future studies should aim to develop a foundational understanding of gambling harm in this population.
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Semple, Lorna Elizabeth. "Optimising pressure ulcer prevention : an exploration of the complexities of preventative care." Thesis, Ulster University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.724323.
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Pressure ulceration remains a significant problem within healthcare and over recent years has been elevated to a position of priority within national quality improvement agendas. This thesis will contextualise key issues, determine barriers and facilitators in relation to pressure ulcer prevention and make recommendations for service improvement. Several methodologies were used to explore different aspects of the structure, process and outcome measures involved with pressure ulcer prevention. Initially a retrospective data analysis reviewed incidence, reporting and validation of hospital acquired pressure damage. This showed the importance of a robust reporting and validation system. Qualitative methods were then used with staff throughout the organisational hierarchy to explore values and beliefs about pressure ulcer prevention. This showed that the context and key drivers behind the pressure ulcer prevention quality initiative were highly valued by those in positions of seniority. The ‘feedback loop’ was also viewed as of paramount importance by those in key positions of responsibility, but did not appear to be valued equally by clinically based ward staff. The importance of cohesive multidisciplinary ‘teamwork’ was valued by all levels of staff and equally ‘education and documentation’ were described as key facets of preventative care. ‘Accountability’ with regards to responsibility and ownership was also highlighted however a variation in views was evident among different staff groups. Whilst a high priority was attributed to pressure ulcer prevention by everyone, competing interests meant that this fundamental aspect of care was frequently delegated to healthcare assistants with no formal training in this area of practice. An experimental study design was therefore used to evaluate the efficacy of an educational intervention for healthcare assistants. Results show that training has improved knowledge levels, attitude and self-report of clinical practice. It is recommended that further research is conducted to substantiate the findings.
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Dixon, Tracy A. "An exploratory study, preventative intervention for adolescents living with parental depressive symptomology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0021/MQ56784.pdf.
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Hoddinott, Stefan Roy Charles. "Wiping it off, an examination of Halifax graffiti, and prospective preventative techniques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63524.pdf.
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Robertson, Steve. "Lay men's and health professionals' beliefs about masculinity and preventative health care." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414954.
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Tang, Pui-kwan, and 鄧佩君. "Voice problems of secondary school teachers and the need for preventative education." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206591.
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Voice problems are common among teachers due to their job characteristics. Thus, the quality of teaching, daily communication, emotion would be adversely affected. However, the past studies mainly focused on primary school and preschool teachers. There is lack of investigation on voice problems of secondary school teachers. Moreover, the need for voice use training for secondary school teachers was not addressed in the past.
This study investigated the prevalence of voice problems in secondary school teachers in Hong Kong and the need for preventive education. A questionnaire was decided with domains in demographics, job natures, impact on voice disorders, risk factors, history of seeking help because of voice problems, view on different treatment options and opinion towards the need of voice protection training. Subjects were recruited from four local secondary schools in Hong Kong.
85 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The results showed a high prevalence of voice disorders (75%) among secondary school teachers. Also it revealed different levels of impact on work performance, emotion and daily communication. Laryngitis was the only risk factor found to be significantly correlated with the voice disorder. On the other hand, the rate of seeking professional help and their knowledge about voice rehabilitation were low. Most of the respondents realized the need for voice protection training. It suggested that the voice problems of secondary school teachers should be highlighted and more voice protection information and voice training should be provided.published_or_final_version
Surgery
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
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Saeidi, Saeideh. "Managing binge eating in a primary health care setting : a preventative approach." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340557.
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Matharoo, Tina Tasvinder Kaur. "Change in caries and associated microflora in response to a preventative regime." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437496.
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Rooke, Sally M. "Childhood anxiety disorders : exploring targeted preventative interventions and spontaneous recovery from diagnosis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415380/.
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The first section of this thesis submission consists of a systematic literature review of randomised controlled trials evaluating intervention programmes aimed at preventing the onset of Anxiety Disorders in ‘at risk’ young people. A total of 16 studies (2545 young people) met inclusion criteria. Intervention characteristics were varied, although most often based on cognitive behavioural therapy. The range of risk factors used for inclusion in selective interventions was wide ranging. Evidence for effectiveness was mixed. Studies included in this review revealed a trend for a reduction of anxiety symptoms post intervention, but inconsistent findings regarding the significance of this decrease in comparison with control groups. The need for future research is discussed. The second part contains an empirical research paper investigating potential predictive factors of spontaneous recovery from childhood anxiety disorders. Sixty-three children, aged 7-12 years old, with a current anxiety disorder took part in the study. The main findings were that children’s spontaneous recovery from childhood anxiety disorders was higher among children with a single anxiety disorder than for children with comorbid anxiety disorders, and for those with parents who displayed lower levels of passivity, threat promotion, or vulnerability promotion. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Damian, Andrew Edward. "Reserve and Mindfulness Meditation| Preventative Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease?An Integrative Review." Thesis, California Institute of Integral Studies, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10842191.
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In 2017, 5.5 million Americans were estimated to have Alzheimer’s dementia, and it is expected to affect 13.8 million American’s by 2050 (Alzheimer’s Association, 2017, p. 24). The estimated lifetime risk of Alzheimer’s disease at age 45 is 1 in 5 for women, and 1 in 10 for men (Alzheimer’s Association, 2017, p. 23). Dementia is one of the costliest medical conditions; related costs are projected to increase from $259 billion annually in 2017 to more than $1.1 trillion in 2050 (in 2017 dollars; Alzheimer’s Association, 2017, p. 60). No current pharmacological treatment has the capacity to stop, slow, or reverse neurological damage caused by this fatal disease (Alzheimer’s Association, 2017). Nonpharmacological therapies might delay or prevent symptom expression. In the current study, research relevant to reserve, mindfulness meditation, and Alzheimer’s disease is examined. Conferring the most up-to-date research by gathering and integrating interdisciplinary data helps to clarify the direction of future research that ultimately could influence the discovery of a successful prevention or treatment for this debilitating disease. An integrated literature review was conducted by searching multiple databases on ProQuest, for articles containing specific key words (Alzheimer, dementia, mindfulness, meditation, & reserve). Reserve is the brains capacity to compensate for pathology, and the literature appears to indicate that mindfulness meditation may play a strong role in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease and in the delay of symptom expression by utilizing underlying neural mechanisms which increase reserve. These underlying mechanisms include increased attention, reduced cortisol production, reduced oxidation, increased emotional regulation, increased brain volume, and improved sleep.
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Bath, Kara B. "A qualitative study of couples'experience of the Preventative and Relationship Enhancement Program." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35142.
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This study explores the experience of couples, married five or more years, of the Preventative and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP). This study examined specific skills the couplesâ gleaned from the workshop, as well as, the relational impact that PREP had on the couplesâ marriage. Six couples were surveyed, ranging in age from mid-forties to mid-fifties and ranging in years married from 8.5 to 29 years. Content analysis was employed to examine the data. Two themes emergedâ motivation and impact, and results were organized under these themes. Clinical implications were identified concerning working with couples married five or more years in therapy and future research is discussed.Master of Science
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Feeser, Kristiana Marie. "GETTING AHEAD OF THE GAME: A PREVENTATIVE ASSESSMENT PLAN FOR INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETICS." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1859.
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While we know much about the psychology of sport, little gets translated onto the playing field. Typically, there is only consultation when a problem arises or when performance falls short. The purpose of this study was mainly exploratory in order to gather data on three factors of mental health, find any associations between those factors, and to predict any risk factors using demographic variables. Three validated measurement tools were used to measure burnout (Athlete Burnout Questionnaire; Raedeke & Smith, 2004), depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II; Beck et al., 1996), and transition readiness (British Athletes Lifestyle Assessment Needs in Career and Education; Lavallee & Wylleman, 1999). The three measures (ABQ, BDI, and BALANCE) were found to be positively associated based on non-parametric correlation analyses. Medium to large effect sizes were found between each pair, indicating that there are possibly shared factors between depression, burnout, and transition risk. Multiple regression analyses indicated no significant demographic predictors of burnout, depression, or transition readiness. The results of this study show that most student-athletes in this sample are at mild risk for burnout, depression, and transition issues. Mental health screenings, like this one, can provide valuable information to athletic administrations and help avoid larger issues in the future.
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Tsotsis, Laura. "CAPP: A Comprehensive Preventative Program Model Addressing Alcohol Misuse Among College Freshmen." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1333023114.
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Hitchcock, Beth. "Body image distortions in pre-adolescents and preventative programs a literature review /." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002hitchcockb.pdf.
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McKnight, Madalyn. "Utilization of Preventative Care Services by African Americans Post-Affordable Care Act." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7700.
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Preventative care services allow patients to be fully equipped with the knowledge, tools, and other resources to help them discover and treat many diseases and illnesses so that the burden of costs will not fall on patients and their families. Since the passage of the Affordable Care of Act (ACA) by President Barack Obama, the requirement for health insurance coverage has not translated to utilization of preventative care services. The purpose of this study is to determine the motivation for African Americans who have insurance coverage and access to care who are not taking advantage of opportunities for screenings and health education. The health belief model was used to determine how belief and modifying factors influence health decisions. The quantitative study required use of a secondary dataset to determine utilization of preventative care services, insurance affordability, future access to care and understanding of the health care law. The study included testing the statistical significance of these factors among African Americans, White Americans, and Hispanic Americans who participated in the Healthy Americas Survey. Using the program SPSS to process data analyzation and organize output, results reveal that African American participants are concerned about the future ability to access and afford care. With a history of distrust amongst African Americans and the health industry, social implications are for administrators and providers to bridge the gap by offering health education to those in their immediate communities and requesting and implementing feedback from those same individuals.
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McGraw, Jacquie Cherie. "Men's help-seeking behaviours in preventative health: The role of masculine identities." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122916/2/Jacquie_McGraw_Thesis.pdf.
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Richardson, Joseph, and Amanda Stoltz. "Improving Resident Physician Understanding of Requirements for Well Child Examinations in an East Tennessee Family Medicine Primary Care Clinic." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2021/presentations/25.
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Well-Child Examinations are an integral part of monitoring growth and development for children. These visits allow for establishment of a therapeutic relationship between patient and caregiver, and provide opportunities to screen for underlying conditions while simultaneously following growth and development milestones. Well-child examinations provide opportunities for parents to voice concerns and help to identify those children at risk for delays or underlying medical conditions. When these conditions are identified early, they tend to have an improvement of outcomes. Since the core items to be included in wellness examinations vary by age, insurance provider, and risk factors, our aim is to measure and improve the knowledge and comprehension of examination components among a group of Family Medicine resident physicians that provide primary care to a pediatric population. Provider knowledge and understanding was measured by means of a set of multiple-choice questions prior to an educational session. A post-educational examination was then administered to assess recruitment and retention of information. There appeared to be an overall positive trend toward increased knowledge base following the education session, indicating and improvement of understanding and medical knowledge.
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Mazibuko, Hopewell Ralton Thamsanqa. "Ucwaningo ngokusoka nokuqeqesha abasokile esizweni samaZulu." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1552.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of African Languages at the University Of Zululand, South Africa, 2017This research looks into details different ways of circumcision and the teachings of different Zulu communities and their role in fighting the spread of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. It also looks at the role of the society and royal house in the fight against STDs. This research also investigates the advantages and disadvantages of cultural circumcision and medical circumcision so that there would be necessary recommendations that will make men to be willing to circumcise. It looks at good cultures that can be followed to decrease STDs and also the procedures that are followed if a man wants to get married. It looks into details the channels to be followed to prevent teenage pregnancy and prevent STDs. It also investigates the present dangers in people who are homosexual. The research looks closely the reasons that lead people to homosexuality. The study will listen to the views of different societies in regards to STD’s especially AIDS. This research has seven chapters: Chapter one: It is the introduction where the drive of the research is looked, the purpose of the study, methods of research, scope of the study, different critics, beneficiaries of the study and organization of study. Chapter two: Looks at the history of men circumcision, the circumcision and its role in reducing STD’s and the symptoms of the STD’s in a person. Chapter three: Looks at advantages and disadvantages of cultural circumcision and medical circumcision during circumcision and after circumcision. While that is looked after there is going to be the testing of the good that can be done to save the Zulu Nation, and the bad will also be looked at so that the recommendations will be made. Chapter four: Looks at the training of the circumcised men and their behaviour, structures that are supposed to train circumcised men about how to handle themselves. Structures like parents, education, health, traditional leaders and religion. Chapter five: Looks at the results of good behaviour of circumcised men, those who are going to benefit by good behaviour during the first periods of a girl, coming of age, virginity testing to male and female, reed dance, and channels to be followed by men until they get married. Chapter six: It analyses in details the information that has been taken from different structures of communities. Questions concerning circumcising and non-circumcising, age, married and single, ethnical groups, society belief, employment and unemployment, educated and not educated, patients availability and nationality. The second list of question is about believing in removing certain body parts, information about the culture of circumcision and ways of circumcising. It analyses what can be done to reduce the rate of sex in youth. Chapter seven: It is the analysis of research where recommendations are made and concluded.
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Jones, Catherine Emma. "Modelling health related behaviours using geodemographics : applications in social marketing and preventative health." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444305/.
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The increased incidence of lifestyle related diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, across the western world is now an established fact, and presents many challenges to researchers trying to understand the determinants of poor health. Measurement of health needs and health outcomes is a fundamental component of evidence-based policy, strategy and delivery of health care services and interventions at scales from the local to the national. A central contention of this thesis is that health outcome indicators should be cognisant of factors such as personal behaviour, lifestyles, community influences, living and working conditions, accessibility to services and educational attainment which all impact upon the health of the individual and the wider community. It is therefore sensible to explore these differences by understanding both the social space comprising of different population sub-groups and the geographical within which they live. Good quality data underlie the functioning of evidence-based decisions. Data provide the building blocks for understanding the nature and composition of neighbourhoods, together with the expected health outcomes of their residents. But within the health arena there are many complicated data issues. Existing operational health data sets are often incomplete or not up-to-date and accessibility is often limited by data protection and medical confidentiality policies. They are derived from disparate sources: GP registers, Hospital Episode statistics (people who are admitted to hospital), Child Registry and Accident and Emergency records, all adhering to different data collection and storage standards and systems that vary between organisations. Cross-referencing between these datasets is technically difficult because of these issues. Frequent quality issues of operational health data limit the extent of analysis that can be carried out with confidence. Furthermore, health survey data are released at coarse geographical scales where the ecological fallacy limits the potential for exploring local variability. Given these limiting factors, the theme of this research is to extend the health inequalities research and its associated data framework to explore variability in the spatial and social domain. This enables the identification of social facts relating to health harming lifestyle choices and behaviour that contribute to 'diseases of comfort'. This is carried out by developing and exploring the usefulness of geodemographics for analysing health inequalities, thereby adding the social and spatial context to our undertanding of causes of health inequalities. This thesis presents a more straightforward yet effective alternative to exploring the measurement of health impacting behaviours and predicting health outcomes using operational health data, national health surveys and a geodemographic classification. Geodemographic analysis of health outcomes can capture different lifestyle behaviours, and has already proven useful not only in improving customer segmentation in the commercial sector, but also to better target public services (Harris et al., 2005). By applying geodemographic classifications to national health surveys and NHS operational datasets at postcode level, interesting conclusions can be drawn in terms of different health harming lifestyle behaviours at very fine scales. Furthermore it is common practice that academic research projects occur in isolation, and exploitation of research findings and best practices in local government sectors is often beset by many obstacles. Consequently, within local government the adoption of new innovative technique and tools may often be slow. An inner London Primary Care Trust (PCT) is used as a test bed for disseminating and evaluating the geodemographic framework and indicators. The concluding sections of the thesis discuss the practicalities of embedding geodemographics in particular and geography in general into a professional environment where these technologies are new and innovative.
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Heredia, Yvonne Michele. "Preventative Strategies to Improve Birth Outcomes Among African American Women in Rhode Island." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1478.
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Despite increased access to prenatal care, birth outcomes continue to be a major source of disparity among women in the United States. The focus on lifestyle choices and negative behaviors prior to a pregnancy to reduce adverse birth outcomes has become a well-documented strategy. The purpose of this study was to determine if preparing for a pregnancy in advance improves birth outcomes for African American women of childbearing age between the ages of 12 and 45 years in the State of Rhode Island (RI). The theoretical foundation for this study was based on Prochaska's model of change, which is also known as the readiness to change model. This study was conducted using secondary data from the Rhode Island Department of Health PRAMS data set. The research questions determined if African American women received preconception care education at the same rate as White women, if African American women had a higher rate of infant mortality than other races, and if African American women had a higher rate of unintended pregnancies than White women in the state of Rhode Island. Independent t tests and chi square tests were used to answer the research questions. The results indicated a difference between the infant mortality rates for African American women compared to other races as well as a difference between African American women compared to White women with regard to unintentional pregnancies in Rhode Island. However, there was no difference in African American women compared to White women receiving preconception education in the state of Rhode Island. The implications for positive social change include micro- and macro-level changes in support of how planning for a pregnancy in advance can reduce poor birth outcomes.
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Malila, Harry Clifton. "Detect, defuse and protect : preventative intervention strategies towards minimising bullying in the workplace." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49722.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Until recently, there was little awareness of the phenomenon of workplace bullying, or of the means by which it is carried out. Even today, many people still know very little or nothing of what goes on behind closed office doors. The prevalence of workplace bullying seems to indicate a worsening trend, and it may be that everyone in the workplace is now at risk of having "an experience". Workplace bullying is the deliberate, hurtful mistreatment of a person by a bully driven by her or his need to control others at work. It is quite simply, psychological violence in the workplace, and the results thereof include psychological trauma, loss of dignity, and feelings of shame in the person being targeted or victimised. Bullying can be regarded as the use or abuse of position or power to coerce others by fear or persecution or to oppress them by force or threat. It has been identified as a more crippling and devastating problem for both employees and employers than all other work-related stresses put together. Most bullying is insidious in that it is carried out at the psychological level. Although it may be most obvious in screaming and publicly abusive episodes, it is usually more subtle and persistent. Its behaviours can include rumours, gossip and attempts to turn others against a person, stealing credit for others' work, deliberate attempts to sabotage someone's work, highly public and humiliating criticism, blame, threatened job loss or punishment. In the case of physical assault, there is no doubt that an attack has taken place. In the case of bullying, it may be months, perhaps even a year or more, before one begins to realise that the difficulty one is experiencing with a particular individual, or group of individuals, goes beyond what can reasonably be expected in one's place of work. In the research the author explored the impact of workplace bullying on the organisation and the individuals (victims) concerned. The author used a real-life case study / example in Chapter 2 to illustrate the existence and the negative effects of this workplace phenomenon. The author suggests some strategies to victims and employers on how to recognise the tactics of their tormentors, how to stop the hurt and regain their dignity, self-esteem and confidence and, furthermore, how to discourage workplace bullying and eliminate its debilitating effects. Organisations should realise that bullying at work is a hidden menace that can destroy individuals and undermine both individual and teamwork performance, and that people can never perform at their best when they are bullied. Employers and employees therefore have a mutual interest in the eradication of this workplace demoraliser, workplace bullying. Ignoring the problem will not make it go away - it will slowly eat away your organisation's bottom line.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar was tot onlangs min bewustheid van die verskynsel van werkplektreitering of van die wyse waarop dit toegepas word. Selfs vandag nog weet baie mense baie min of selfs niks van wat eintlik agter geslote kantoordeure aangaan nie. Die voorkoms van werkplektreitering dui op 'n toenemende tendens, en dit kan wees dat elke persoon in die werkplek die gevaar loop om aan hierdie "ervaring" blootgestel te word. Werkplektreitering is die opsetlike en skadelike mishandeling van 'n persoon deur 'n bullebak wat gedryf word deur sy/haar behoefte om almal in die werkplek te beheer. Dit is eenvoudig sielkundige geweld in die werkplek, sowel as die resultaat daarvan, wat insluit sielkundige trauma/geweld, die verlies aan waardigheid, en gevoelens van skaamte in die persoon wat geteiken word of die slagoffer is. Werkplektreitering kan beskou word as die gebruik of misbruik van mag en posisie om vrees by ander in te boesem deur vervolging of onderdrukking of deur dwang of bedreiging. Werkplektreitering is geïndentifiseer as 'n probleem wat meer verlammend en verwoestend is as alle ander werkverwante stressors van werkgewers en werknemers saamgevoeg. Die meeste treitering is verradelik deurdat dit op 'n sielkundige vlak uitgevoer word. Alhoewel 'n geskree en openlike beledigende episodes die ooglopendste is, is dit gewoontlik meer subtiel en aanhoudend. Die gedrag van die werkplekbullebak kan insluit gerugte, skinderpraatjies, pogings om persone teen mekaar op te steek, krediet te neem vir 'n ander se werk, doelbewuste pogings om iemand se werk te saboteer, hoogs openlike en vernederende kritiek, beskuldigings, asook dreigemente met betrekking tot werksverlies of straf. Met fisieke geweld is daar geen twyfel dat 'n aanranding plaasgevind het nie. Met werkplektreitering kan dit egter maande, miskien selfs 'n jaar of meer, neem voordat 'n mens besef dat die probleme wat met 'n spesifieke individu of groep individue ondervind word verder strek as wat redelikerwys binne 'n mens se werkplek verwag kan word. In die navorsingsverslag het die skrywer die moontlike impak van treitering in die werkplek op die organisasie én die individue wat daaraan onderworpe is, ondersoek. Die skrywer het gebruik gemaak van 'n werklike gevallestudie in Hoofstuk 2 om die teenwoordigheid en die negatiewe impak van werkplektreitering binne die werksomgewing te illustreer. Die skrywer stel sekere strategieë aan slagoffers en werkgewers voor oor die wyse waarop die taktiek van die plaaggeeste herken kan word, hoe om die seerkry te stop en waardigheid, selfagting en selfvertroue terug te bring en voorts hoe om werkplektreitering te ontmoedig en die aftakelende gevolge daarvan te elimineer. Organisasies moet besef dat werkplektreitering 'n weggesteekte bedreiging is wat individue kan vernietig en individuele en spanwerkprestasies kan ondermyn en dat mense nooit op hul beste kan presteer wanneer hulle getreiter word nie. Werkgewers en werknemers het dus 'n wedersydse belang in die uitroeiing van hierdie werkplek demorialiseerder, werkplektreitering. Deur die probleem te ignoreer sal dit nie laat verdwyn nie, maar dit sal stadig maar seker tot organisasies se ondergang lei.
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Retford, Simon. "Child-against-parent abuse in Greater Manchester : key themes, collaboration and preventative interventions." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2016. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/childagainstparent-abuse-in-greater-manchester(e37ef76e-a4a0-446a-9feb-42243d14ec34).html.
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Domestic abuse has been widely researched, however one area relatively absent from such research is that of parent abuse, which sees abuse perpetrated by children against parents. Academic research into parent abuse has begun to increase over recent years, yet this still remains a significantly under-researched area of family violence. This thesis seeks to develop an understanding of key themes and collaborative prevention opportunities in relation to parent abuse in Greater Manchester, and makes recommendations for the development of practitioner responses. Accordingly, the research follows a qualitative paradigm in order to build a better understanding of key issues and to explore opportunities for collaborative responding in the current austere economic climate. The research design consisted of in-depth interviews conducted with practitioners drawn from a variety of public and third-sector agencies working within three boroughs across central Greater Manchester, and utilised open coding in a grounded theoretical approach. The research findings suggest that parent abuse is a unique problem that is complicated by bonds that exist between parent-victims and their abusive children. Parental reluctance to report incidents, through a fear of criminalising or losing their children adds to the difficulties for those responding to parent abuse. Furthermore, the research found problems created by an absence of specific policy, resulting in parent abuse being dealt with via child protection, social care or criminal justice processes. The research also revealed that young male perpetrators were highly prone to mental health and behavioural problems, and there was disproportionate cannabis use amongst young perpetrators. Whilst this may also be the case in the wider youth population, the potential for such correlation is worthy of specific consideration when seeking to further an understanding of parent abuse. Additionally, the importance of collaborative working was highlighted, which revealed opportunities for early intervention. Accordingly, the need for an integrated ‘toolkit’ for responding effectively to deal with parent abuse is proposed, which considers the key issues identified within this thesis. These issues contribute towards both academic knowledge and professional practice in an important but under-researched area of crime and victimisation.
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Prahl, Anne. "Designing wearable sensors for Preventative Health : an exploration of material, form and function." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2015. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/9077/.
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The financial burden on global healthcare systems has reached unprecedented levels and as a result, attention has been shifting from the traditional approach of disease management and treatment towards prevention (Swan, 2012). Wearable devices for Preventative Health have become a focus for innovation across academia and industry, thus this thesis explores the design of wearable biochemical and environmental sensors, which can provide users with an early warning, detection and monitoring system that could integrate easily into their existing lives. The research aims to generate new practical knowledge for the design and development of wearable sensors and, motivated by the identification of compelling design opportunities, merges three strands of enquiry. The research methodology supports this investigation into material, form and function through the use of key practice-based methods, which include Participatory Action Research (active immersion and participation in a particular community and user workshops) and the generation and evaluation of a diverse range of artefacts. Based on the user-centred investigation of the use case for biochemical and environmental sensing, the final collection of artefacts demonstrates a diverse range of concepts, which present biodegradable and recyclable nonwoven material substrates for the use in non-integrated sensors. These sensors can be skin-worn, body-worn or clothing-attached for in-situ detection and monitoring of both internal (from the wearer) and external (from the environment) stimuli. The research proposes that in order to engage a broad section of the population in a preventative lifestyle to significantly reduce the pressure on global healthcare systems, wearable sensors need to be designed so they can appeal to as many users as possible and integrate easily into their existing lifestyles, routines and outfits. The thesis argues that this objective could be achieved through the design and development of end-of-life considered and cost-effective substrate materials, non-integrated wearable form factors and meticulous consideration of a divergent range of user needs and preferences, during the early stages of design practice.
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Goodman, Matthew Reader. "If we build it will parents come? : parent participation in preventative parenting groups /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3055688.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-79). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.