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Journal articles on the topic 'Prevention and available remedies'
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1
Alasgarova, Gulnaz. "Challenges in the Protection of Domestic Violence Victims in Azerbaijan: An Overview of the National Legislation in Light of the 2011 CoE Istanbul Convention." Teisė 112 (September 23, 2019): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2019.112.15.
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This article focuses on the following issues: the list of people offered victim status under the Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence of Azerbaijan, the legal remedies available to them, and the legal measures taken by state authorities in all kinds of domestic violence episodes. Additionally, the Law is scrutinized in light of the CoE Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence. Hence, the benefits and shortcomings of the current legislation are easily found.
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O'Driscoll, Anne. "AT v Dulghieru: Accounting for the Profits of Sex Trafficking." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 40, no. 4 (May 3, 2009): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v40i4.5255.
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This article explores the remedies available to victims of the international crime of trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation. In the 2009 case of AT v Dulghieru (Dulghieru), the English High Court awarded the victims of an unlawful conspiracy to traffic general, aggravated and exemplary damages. Treacy J based the exemplary award on the rationale of preventing unjust enrichment. The appropriateness of the finding of unlawful means conspiracy is considered, as are each of the damages awards. This article concludes that the prevention of unjust enrichment is an inappropriate basis for an award of exemplary damages, and argues that the better approach would be to strip a defendant's gains by the equitable remedy of account of profit. The overlap of civil remedies and the criminal law is also addressed. It is proposed that an account of profit should take priority over any criminal confiscation order as the victims have a greater entitlement to the profits than the State does.
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Singh, Apoorv, Deepika Kainth, Sachit Anand, and Aparajita Mitra. "Prevention of fogging inside safety goggles for healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: A low-cost solution in resource-limited settings." Tropical Doctor 51, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475521997597.
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Fogging inside the safety goggles is a common problem experienced by more healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic than ever. Various anti-fogging remedies are available on the market. We have adopted a low-cost alternative that can be extremely useful in resource-limited settings.
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Kanyaka Bagde, Bharat Rathi, Renu Rathi, Prem Badwaik, and Swapnali Khabde. "Role of Common Kitchen Remedies in Prevention of Infectious Diseases with a particular perspective of Covid-19." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (December 5, 2020): 1378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3647.
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The greatness of Ayurveda medicine is that it works on your immune system and helps to build up the body to fight against viral invasions. It is the safest, economical and natural way of self-healing. It can quickly spread among masses from rich to poor all over the country. Ayurveda has been dealing with plenty of herbs for a very long time. These herbs include some rare to prevalent herbs which we can found some in the kitchen even though if that is of any commoners. The concern is that these viral infections are very prone to attack weak immunity and take the chance to affect the country to the globe. So the prevalent herbs of Ayurveda available in the kitchen will always be helpful to get through this viral invasion. These herbs are always there to make tasty food as well as to protect the body from infectious diseases by building the immunity strong. Herbs from the kitchen are not complicated to take as a medicine. Regular use of a few herbs in the straightforward form proves its importance as a medicine. In this article a review of herbs is done which we are available in our kitchen, we are using it in our daily life, and we are getting the benefit of these which a common man might not be fully aware of about.
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Keservani, Raj K., Anil K. Sharma, and Rajesh K. Kesharwani. "Medicinal Effect of Nutraceutical Fruits for the Cognition and Brain Health." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3109254.
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The recent era is witnessing evaluation of medicinal and nutritional value of fruits and fruit juices for the management and prevention of brain diseases like headache stress, anxiety, hypertension, and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases by the scientists and researchers worldwide. Fruits possess various chemicals such as antioxidants and polyphenols, which reduce and balance the effect of hormone in brain responsible for brain disease. Natural remedy is cheap, easily available, nontoxic, and easy to prepare and provides good mental health as compared to other remedies. The main objective of this review is to acknowledge medicinal benefits of fruits for the cognition and management of brain disease.
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Kuzmin, Yury A. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF CRIME PREVENTION." Oeconomia et Jus, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2499-9636-2020-3-40-47.
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The problem of criminality prevention is being updated. The relevance of issues related to crime prevention as the main factor of criminality prevention in general is substantiated. The essence of criminality prevention is in implementation of the law's educational function. Its mission is not in punishment, but in fostering anti-criminal cogitative-behavioral “in-stincts” of a personality. Criminality prevention should be based on certain universally rec-ognized international and national principles aimed at decriminalizing the identity of poten-tial criminals. Crime theory is a whole system of modern scientific knowledge, forms and methods (historical, socio-political, psychological, medical, legal, economic, etc.). The urgency of the research is caused by the fact that in the conditions of the Russian re-ality criminality is the most serious form of a social disease, in the “treatment” of which there are no universal and final remedies. There are only means to stabilize it, to minimize, to reduce it, etc. It is really utopian to remain on its complete eradication by state-legal means. However, the latter is very relevant for society, the state, the citizen. The problem of criminality prevention is notable for its complex and multifaceted character. Therefore, the state has applied and is now applying all available civilized means of its social and legal control. Effective criminality prevention requires improved law en-forcement activities, namely, focusing on identifying, researching, analyzing the main as-pects of criminality prevention, as well as on characterization and evaluation of the crim-inality prevention system in modern conditions, taking into account domestic and foreign experience. Various methods for prevention of crimes and offenses are analyzed. Criminality preven-tion must be understood as a specific direction in the state activity to affect the causal set of illegal behavior and conditions conducive to it, which results in the reduction, stabilization, quantitative reduction and qualitative mitigation of crime.
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Eisinger, Frantisek L., and Robert E. Sullivan. "Vibration Fatigue of Centrifugal Fan Impeller Due to Structural-Acoustic Coupling and Its Prevention: A Case Study." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, no. 4 (October 25, 2006): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2767371.
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Fatigue cracks from high cycle vibratory loading have developed in a centrifugal fan impeller after a relatively short period of operation. Based on vibration tests of the impeller and acoustic analysis of the internal spaces of the fan, structural-acoustic coupling with matching frequencies involving two-nodal diameter modes (structural and acoustic) was identified as the cause of the vibration problem. This paper gives a description of the problem and identifies available remedies for its elimination. Special attention is given in Case 1 to the acoustics of the system, where changes to the fan casing utilizing a decoupling acoustic chamber attached to the casing was investigated, and in Case 2, where changes needed to the structural characteristics of the impeller by utilizing a modified impeller with a substantially increased natural frequency (by 44%) of the two-nodal diameter vibratory mode shape were studied. Experimental tests confirmed that the structural-acoustic coupling and vibration were significantly reduced in Case 1 and were fully eliminated in Case 2.
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Pal, Rashmi Saxena, Yogendra Pal, Ankita Wal, and Pranay Wal. "Herbal Dentifrices: Emerging Trends and Patterns." Current Traditional Medicine 6, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2215083805666190626145755.
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Background: Herbal extracts have been employed since ages in dentistry as tooth cleansing and antimicrobial agents. The use of herbal medicines continues to expand and trend rapidly across the world. Herbal extracts have been used in dentistry for multiple uses as reducing inflammation, as antimicrobial plaque agents, for preventing release of histamine and as antiseptics, antioxidants, antimicrobials and analgesics. They also aid in healing process and are very effective in controlling microbial plaque and other disorders related to gums. Objective: The present review aims towards the combined review as well as compilation of available herbs under the category of various dental associated problems. Materials and Methods: The herbs were studied by sectioning them as for looking after different works or findings done against dental caries, tooth ache, scouring teeth, gum troubles and herbs as mouth fresheners. Results: Herbal extracts have been used on a large scale in dentistry as tooth cleansing and antimicrobial plaque agents. Many people take herbal derived medicines or herbal based products for the purpose of reducing inflammation, as antimicrobial agents, for preventing release of histamine and as antiseptics, antioxidants, antifungals, antibacterials, antivirals and analgesics. Herbal extracts are used in dentistry for treatment of various dental disorders. Conclusion: The use of herbal medicines are blooming rapidly across the world. Herbal extracts and the various herbs on the whole or their specific parts have been used in dentistry. They relieve the problems of gums and act as excellent mouth fresheners. The natural herbal remedies act as an effective substitute to antibiotics and represent a promising approach for prevention and as therapeutic strategies for various oral infections as they are natural, eradicate the problem from its root and provide long lasting relief. The herbal remedies are advantageous over conventional treatment.
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Smirnov, V. S., and Areg A. Totolian. "Some opportunities for immunotherapy in coronavirus infection." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 10, no. 3 (August 7, 2020): 446–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-spo-1470.
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Here we review means of immunomodulatory therapy for coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). It has been appreciated that highly limited arsenal of relatively effective means and methods of prevention and treatment of the COVID-19 pandemic is available. The goal of our study was to analyze some therapeutic approaches based on available publications for COVID-19 treatment viewed from acting via innate immunity system. Convalescent plasma serotherapy represents one of the means with verified therapeutic efficacy that was accompanied with decreased viral load and relief of the disease symptoms. The drawback of serotherapy results from limited number of potential plasma donors and profound variety in amount of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies found in donor plasma. Another approach to COVID-19 therapy is based on using monoclonal antibodies engineered to target specific virus antigenic determinants, most often surface spike antigen. Antibodies blocking such antigen are able to prevent virus entrance into target cells and development of overt infection. On the other hand, there are monoclonal antibodies abrogating production or binding of excessive amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNFα, etc., some of which (tocilizumab) have been already tested in COVID-19 therapy, whereas the remaining preparations are being currently investigated and tested. A certain breakthrough in COVID-19 therapy was provided by the well-known drugs chloroquine and dihydrochloroquine, which have proven to be effective as antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory means. Finally, a new multicomponent immunomodulatory preparation Cytovir-3 has been proposed already passed clinical trials and recommended for use in prevention and treatment of influenza and SARS and might have found its own niche in preventing COVID-19, as SARS-CoV-2 also belongs to the group of acute respiratory viruses. Thus, the arsenal of means for COVID-19 prevention and treatment contains the drugs for immunomodulatory therapy and prevention of immune-related disorders developing in response to invasion pathogenic viruses and lowering a risk of possible damage. Hence, correct and scientifically justified use of such remedies will increase overall effectiveness of fight against the coronavirus pandemic.
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Aviello, Gabriella, Ludovico Abenavoli, Francesca Borrelli, Raffaele Capasso, Angelo Antonio Izzo, Francesca Lembo, Barbara Romano, and Francesco Capasso. "Garlic: Empiricism or Science?" Natural Product Communications 4, no. 12 (December 2009): 1934578X0900401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900401231.
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Garlic (Allium sativum L. fam. Alliaceae) is one of the best-researched, best-selling herbal remedies and is also commonly used as a food and a spice. Garlic constituents include enzymes (for example, alliinase) and sulfur-containing compounds, including alliin, and compounds produced enzymatically from alliin (for example, allicin). Traditionally, it has been employed to treat infections, wounds, diarrhea, rheumatism, heart disease, diabetes, and many other disorders. Experimentally, it has been shown to exert antilipidemic, antihypertensive, antineoplastic, antibacterial, immunostimulant and hypoglycemic actions. Clinically, garlic has been evaluated for a number of conditions, including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, intermittent claudication, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, common cold, as an insect repellent, and for the prevention of arteriosclerosis and cancer. Systematic reviews are available for the possible antilipidemic, antihypertensive, antithrombotic and chemopreventive effects. However, the clinical evidence is far from compelling. Garlic appears to be generally safe although allergic reactions may occur.
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Hoque, M. Nazmul, Abed Chaudhury, Md Abdul Mannan Akanda, M. Anwar Hossain, and Md Tofazzal Islam. "Genomic diversity and evolution, diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutics of the pandemic COVID-19 disease." PeerJ 8 (September 1, 2020): e9689. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9689.
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The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by a novel evolutionarily divergent RNA virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and subsequently spreaded around the world. Genomic analyses revealed that this zoonotic virus may be evolved naturally but not a purposefully manipulated laboratory construct. However, currently available data are not sufficient to precisely conclude the origin of this fearsome virus. Comprehensive annotations of the whole-genomes revealed hundreds of nucleotides, and amino acids mutations, substitutions and/or deletions at different positions of the ever changing SARS-CoV-2 genome. The spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 possesses a functional polybasic (furin) cleavage site at the S1-S2 boundary through the insertion of 12 nucleotides. It leads to the predicted acquisition of 3-O-linked glycan around the cleavage site. Although real-time RT-PCR methods targeting specific gene(s) have widely been used to diagnose the COVID-19 patients, however, recently developed more convenient, cheap, rapid, and specific diagnostic tools targeting antigens or CRISPR-Cas-mediated method or a newly developed plug and play method should be available for the resource-poor developing countries. A large number of candidate drugs, vaccines and therapies have shown great promise in early trials, however, these candidates of preventive or therapeutic agents have to pass a long path of trials before being released for the practical application against COVID-19. This review updates current knowledge on origin, genomic evolution, development of the diagnostic tools, and the preventive or therapeutic remedies of the COVID-19. We also discussed the future scopes for research, effective management, and surveillance of the newly emerged COVID-19 disease.
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Nowak, Ewa, and Adrianna Urbańska. "Moral Competence and Aggression Prevention. Updating MCT Pilot Studies Inspired by Georg Lind’s Book How to Teach Morality. Promoting Deliberation and Discussion, Reducing Violence and Deceit (2016)." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2017.1.13.
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Aggression in juveniles may increase even in modern societies and manifest itself in countless forms of violence, including harming, persecution, abuse, pressure, hostility, etc. A large number of studies on the evolutionary, psychological and sociological origins of aggression are available. However, we lack cognitive remedies to counter developing tendencies towards aggressive behavior. Georg Lind's book How to teach morality. Promoting deliberation and discussion, reducing violence and deceit (2016) offers such a remedy based on his long–term (1976–2017) experiences with dilemma discussion training. This paper draws on Lind's conception of strengthening socio-moral competence as the most efficient remedy against aggression. It also revisits the ongoing theories of empathy. Finally, it revises the pilot research study that we conducted 2010 among Polish and Swiss juveniles7. That study focused on the following hypotheses: Lind's method of dilemma discussion (KMDD) can train and retrain moral competence in uveniles that show a slight inclination towards aggressive behavior. Strong moral competence may prevent further maldevelopment, in particular interpersonal and collective violence.
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Bruni, Oliviero, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, Elena Giacomoni, and Paolo Pellegrino. "Herbal Remedies and Their Possible Effect on the GABAergic System and Sleep." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (February 6, 2021): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020530.
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Sleep is an essential component of physical and emotional well-being, and lack, or disruption, of sleep due to insomnia is a highly prevalent problem. The interest in complementary and alternative medicines for treating or preventing insomnia has increased recently. Centuries-old herbal treatments, popular for their safety and effectiveness, include valerian, passionflower, lemon balm, lavender, and Californian poppy. These herbal medicines have been shown to reduce sleep latency and increase subjective and objective measures of sleep quality. Research into their molecular components revealed that their sedative and sleep-promoting properties rely on interactions with various neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a major role in controlling different vigilance states. GABA receptors are the targets of many pharmacological treatments for insomnia, such as benzodiazepines. Here, we perform a systematic analysis of studies assessing the mechanisms of action of various herbal medicines on different subtypes of GABA receptors in the context of sleep control. Currently available evidence suggests that herbal extracts may exert some of their hypnotic and anxiolytic activity through interacting with GABA receptors and modulating GABAergic signaling in the brain, but their mechanism of action in the treatment of insomnia is not completely understood.
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Opengart, Rose, Peter M. Ralston, and Steve LeMay. "Labor markets: preventing rivalry and myopia through HRM." Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 5, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 346–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joepp-09-2018-0071.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the concept of myopia and introduce the concept of labor market myopia (LMM), as well as the role that human resources management (HRM) plays in its prevention and resolution. LMM, a more specific form of factor market myopia (FMM), is a myopic view of labor needs. LMM is only going to increase as human capital becomes increasingly scarce due to labor shortages.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual review focuses on research on factor market rivalry (FMR) in the supply chain. Using three sample job categories, the concept of myopia is applied toward the human resources context to propose a new term describing a failure to consider future labor needs.FindingsThe authors position HRM/talent management as critical in preventing and addressing LMM at both firm and industry levels and the critical role of labor markets in FMR. HR strategies are suggested to prevent LMM include: expansion of the available workforce; increasing current workforce productivity, economic remedies like paying higher wages and proactively assessing and forecasting the current and future human resource capacity and needs.Practical implicationsLabor needs to be considered as a factor in the same realm of importance as other resources. The HR strategies discussed are key to preventing LMM and improving organizational performance and effectiveness.Originality/valueThe authors argue that organizations not only compete for resources downstream (i.e. customers and markets) but also upstream, such as with human resources. The authors introduced a new concept/term to frame the effect on organizations when supply chain planning and HR strategy do not take labor into consideration. This was accomplished by first narrowing the concept of marketing myopia to FMM, and in this conceptual paper, it was subsequently narrowed to introduce the term LMM.
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Suhad Faisal Hatem Al-Mugdadi, Basma Talib Al-Sudani, Raghad Abdulmahdi Mohsin, and Ali Jalil Mjali. "Anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial activity effects of the ellagic acid extract." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 2 (April 14, 2019): 1172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.401.
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Recently, plant-derived compounds have been attracted increasable attention as alternative cancer remedies to enhance cancer prevention and healing, and as efficient antimicrobials, because of their low toxicity, low cost and fewer side effects. Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural phenolic constituent; previous studies have reported its antitumor properties when used in in vitro models. In this study, we have investigated the activity of a low concentration of EA against four different human cancer cell lines (SK-N-SH, Caov-3, SW-1088 and BxPC-3) which are very hard in the treatment and there is no available data about EA influence on them. Additionally, the effect of EA has assessed against (H. Pylori (Helicobacter pylori), P.aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), A. tumefaciens: Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Rhizobium radiobacter) and E. herbicola: Enterobacter agglomerans (Erwiniaherbicola) and two are Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) and C. acnes (Cutibacterium acnes)) strains which are resistant to the antibiotics. The results suggest that EA may have a potential role as an adjunct therapy for neuroblastoma, ovarian, pancreatic and astrocytoma cancers, in addition to its activity as an antimicrobial agent as it has been proved in this study against H. pylori, P.aeruginosa, A. tumefaciens, E. herbicola, S. aureus and C. acnes strains.
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El-Mouhdi, Karima, Abdelkader Chahlaoui, and Mohammed Fekhaoui. "The Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and the Sand Fly: Knowledge and Beliefs of the Population in Central Morocco (El Hajeb)." Dermatology Research and Practice 2020 (November 18, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1896210.
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Background. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected parasitic dermal disease transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female sand fly. Morocco hopes to eliminate all forms of leishmaniasis by 2030. These dermatoses pose a real public health problem in the country. Although the information is available on the disease, individual knowledge of cutaneous leishmaniasis and sand fly is not yet developed. Exploring people’s beliefs and popular behaviours about cutaneous leishmaniasis and its vector allows health officials to know the sociocultural aspects of the disease and to improve prevention and control actions. Objectives. To identify the knowledge of cutaneous leishmaniasis and its vector in the population in central Morocco. Methods. Based on the epidemiological data of leishmaniases in the province of El Hajeb, we conducted a field survey and personal interviews in April and May 2019, among 281 persons belonging to the localities where leishmaniases were registered. Results. Our results show that the participants use the concept of “Chniwla” (61.6%) for sand fly and the concept of “Hboub Chniwla” (50.8%) for cutaneous leishmaniasis; 24.6% of the respondents do not know how the disease is transmitted to humans and 43.7% use traditional treatments and home remedies to cure themselves. 44% of participants believe that sand fly does not transmit the disease to humans and only 6.4% were aware of their responsibility in vector control. Conclusions. The study concluded that there is a need to simplify the scientific terminology in the health education of citizens regarding these dermatoses and their vector by integrating the popular concepts obtained in this study to raise public awareness and facilitate their involvement as active actors in the prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Denisa, Barbu. "CONSIDERATIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE APPEAL IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 10, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v10i2.2803.
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The appeal constitutes a judicial mechanism made available to consumers and to the Prosecutor that aims straight for errors committed by a Court of law in its approach of jurisdiction. The term judicial error must be understood in this context as defined in its broad, drawing together both errors of fact and errors of law. Therefore, the appeal is made for the one dissatisfied with the Court decision as a veritable juridical panacea.The role of the right of appeal is not limited to conferring the possibility of requesting a new retrial of the case. They serve the interests of private individuals higher interests, being accused of public order needs. Thus, the existence of remedies is required by principles such as finding out the truth, the right to a fair trial and the reasons for the population’s confidence in the judiciary or the respect due to justice.The new code of criminal procedure1 has reformed the system of appeal may be exercised in criminal matters, giving them a generous space between regulators, art. 408 and 470. We meet thus, in penal matters, the following remedies: appeal, opposition, and cancellation, opposition in cassation, review and reopening of criminal trial resulting from the absence of the person convicted. Distinct from these, we encounter the complaint which may be made against preventive measures (judicial review and judicial control on security) prepared by the Prosecutor during criminal proceedings and which is addressed to judge rights and freedoms. Still exemplifying, we may meet and demand the cancellation or reduction of the fine, governed by art. 284 of NCPP, and the examples do not stop there. We must note that, in our opinion these latter examples may be considered legal remedies only in the usage of the term largo sensu „remedy”. From the etymological point of view, the appeal originates in French, designating a claim appel, a calling application, a request etc. addressed to persons or institutions in order that the latter to settle claims by the appellant.
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Zaloilo, I., O. Zaloilo, Yu Rud, I. Hrytsyniak, and Ye Zaloilo. "Use of probiotics in aquaculture (a review)." Ribogospodarsʹka nauka Ukraïni., no. 2(56) (June 30, 2021): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fsu2021.02.059.
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Purpose. To analyze data of available specialized literature and summarize the information obtained on the use of probiotics in modern aquaculture. To review basic principles of classification of existing probiotics, methods of their introduction into the aquatic organisms and mechanisms of action of different probiotic groups. Findings. The analysis of scientific publications on the use of probiotics in aquaculture for efficient farming in order to reduce fish and shrimp mortality and, accordingly, increase the efficiency of farms has been provided. The literature data on the classification of probiotics depending on the composition and purpose are summarized. Modern and general ideas about the microbiota of aquaculture species are described. The actual ways of probiotic administration into the aquatic organisms are given. The main concepts of mechanisms and results of probiotics action on the host (suppression of pathogenic microflora, improving the quality of the aquatic environment, competition for localization and nutrients, providing the animal with immunostimulants, digestive enzymes and other biologically active substances). The prospects of using probiotics as an alternative to antimicrobial drugs and chemical remedies in aquaculture are shown. Practical value. The review may be useful for scientists investigating alternative treatments of aquaculture objects and the interaction of aquatic organisms with probiotics. Key words: probiotics, aquaculture, control and prevention of fish diseases, aquatic organisms, alternatives to antibiotics.
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Marcinko, Marcin. "The Evolution of UN Anti-Terrorist Conventions towards the Universal Treaty-Based Model of Combating Terrorism." Groningen Journal of International Law 6, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/5b51d53791adf.
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Adopted in Montreal in 2014, the Protocol to Amend the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft is the nineteenth international legal instrument in the acquis of the United Nations (‘UN’) and its related organisations devoted to prevention and suppression of terrorism. Considering the first of such instruments – the Tokyo Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft (‘the Tokyo Convention’) – was adopted in 1963, it may be assumed that throughout the period of 55 years the UN has succeeded in solving the specific model of combating international terrorism. Although the existing and binding international conventions on suppression of terrorism do not form a uniform group and differ in terms of material scope of offences described therein, it is still possible to indicate one significant feature common to all conventions, and that is a set of legal measures and remedies available at the international level which guarantee an effective fight against terrorism. The above-mentioned set of regulatory measures – including, inter alia, jurisdictional clauses – constitutes a consistent collection of rules to be applied in cases of the majority of terrorist activities. The aforesaid model is based on the principle of aut dedere aut judicare supplemented with a rational control of extradition and jurisdictional issues. This model is also enriched with rules concerning other forms of co-operation such as mutual legal assistance, exchange of information and preventive measures. The rationale for the above-referred measures is to ensure that perpetrators of specific international terrorist offences shall be prosecuted regardless of their place of residence or motives that triggered such action. International anti-terrorist conventions adopted under auspices of the UN help to achieve this goal, confronting the internationalisation of terrorism with internationalisation of means and methods of combating this dangerous phenomenon.
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Ruangaram, Wijitrapha, and Eisuke Kato. "Selection of Thai Medicinal Plants with Anti-Obesogenic Potential via In Vitro Methods." Pharmaceuticals 13, no. 4 (March 29, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13040056.
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The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally. Despite the availability of a variety of anti-obesogenic drugs, including therapies under clinical development, these treatments are often indicated for patients with severe obesity, making them unsuitable for patients with mild obesity or for preventative use. In Thailand, traditional remedies employing medicinal plants are widely used to maintain health and treat disease. These treatments are generally inexpensive and readily available at markets, making them good treatment options for preventing obesity. To evaluate the anti-obesogenic potential of Thai medicinal plants, we employed three in vitro methods: pancreatic lipase inhibition, lipolysis enhancement, and lipid accumulation reduction assays. Among 70 Thai medicinal plants, Eurycoma longifolia Jack, Tiliacora triandra Diels, and Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC. were selected as the most favorable candidates because they exhibited anti-obesogenic activity in all three assays. These medicinal plants are expected to have efficient anti-obesogenic effects, making them promising candidates for further study.
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Manjunath, Meghna, and Sinosh Skariyachan. "Screening of Natural Lead Molecules Against Putative Molecular Targets of Drug-resistant Cryptococcus spp: An Insight from Computer-aided Molecular Design." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 31 (February 22, 2019): 2681–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666190119145434.
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Cryptococcosis is one of the major invasive fungal infections distributed worldwide with high mortality rate. C. neoformans and C. gattii are the major organisms that cause various types of infections. Anti-fungal resistances exhibited by the mentioned species of Cryptococcus threaten their effective prevention and treatment. There is limited information available on human to human transmission of the pathogen and virulent factors that are responsible for Cryptococcus mediated infections. Hence, there is high scope for understanding the mechanism, probable drug targets and scope of developing natural therapeutic agents that possess high relevance to pharmaceutical biotechnology and medicinal chemistry. The proposed review illustrates the role of computer-aided virtual screening for the screening of probable drug targets and identification of natural lead candidates as therapeutic remedies. The review initially focuses on the current perspectives on cryptococcosis, major metabolic pathways responsible for the pathogenesis, conventional therapies and associated drug resistance, challenges and scope of structure-based drug discovery. The review further illustrates various approaches for the prediction of unknown drug targets, molecular modeling works, screening of natural compounds by computational virtual screening with ideal drug likeliness and pharmacokinetic features, application of molecular docking studies and simulation. Thus, the present review probably provides AN insight into the role of medicinal chemistry and computational drug discovery to combat Cryptococcus infections and thereby open a new paradigm for the development of novel natural therapeutic against various drug targets for cryptococcal infections.
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Laxmikant Lokhande and Bhushan Mhaiskar. "Janapadadwamsa, Aupsargik roga and COVID-19 correlation and an approach to epidemics Ayurved current scenario." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (November 27, 2020): 1286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3620.
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Ayurveda – the nectar of ancient disease curing system exists since Vedic period s full of heritage and ts antiquity s well-known. Ayurveda s deals with cure and maintain health through its remarkable potency, viral infections are liable for many illnesses, and up to date, outbreaks have raised public health concerns. Despite the supply of the many antiviral drugs, they're often unsuccessful thanks to the generation of viral mutants and fewer effective against their target virus. Identifying novel antiviral drugs is therefore of critical importance, and natural products are a superb source for such discoveries. Viruses pose a worldwide threat and add severe medical and social problems to humanity. They are the main contributors in many minor and major outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics worldwide like Swine Influenza, Avian Influenza, and Dengue fever. Even though various types of treatment methods are available to cure viral diseases, like chemotherapy, but owing to their potential for mutation and emergence of new strains and developing resistance towards drugs, Viruses are evolving fast. This necessitates the look for new antiviral compounds that are stiffer and effective against viruses with no or less adverse side effects the concept and treatment line must be going through the Ayurved. Some Home Remedies such as Eat Guduchi or Tulsi daily can increase your immunity. Drinking Turmeric milk is suitable for the upkeep of health. Taking Ashwagandha is one of another herb for fighting with such conditions. Eating 1-2 leaves of Neem also can work well within the prevention of viral infections.
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Pinzi, Luca, Annachiara Tinivella, and Giulio Rastelli. "Chemoinformatics Analyses of Tau Ligands Reveal Key Molecular Requirements for the Identification of Potential Drug Candidates against Tauopathies." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 5039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165039.
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Tau is a highly soluble protein mainly localized at a cytoplasmic level in the neuronal cells, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of microtubule dynamic stability. Recent studies have demonstrated that several factors, such as hyperphosphorylation or alterations of Tau metabolism, may contribute to the pathological accumulation of protein aggregates, which can result in neuronal death and the onset of a number of neurological disorders called Tauopathies. At present, there are no available therapeutic remedies able to reduce Tau aggregation, nor are there any structural clues or guidelines for the rational identification of compounds preventing the accumulation of protein aggregates. To help identify the structural properties required for anti-Tau aggregation activity, we performed extensive chemoinformatics analyses on a dataset of Tau ligands reported in ChEMBL. The performed analyses allowed us to identify a set of molecular properties that are in common between known active ligands. Moreover, extensive analyses of the fragment composition of reported ligands led to the identification of chemical moieties and fragment combinations prevalent in the more active compounds. Interestingly, many of these fragments were arranged in recurring frameworks, some of which were clearly present in compounds currently under clinical investigation. This work represents the first in-depth chemoinformatics study of the molecular properties, constituting fragments and similarity profiles, of known Tau aggregation inhibitors. The datasets of compounds employed for the analyses, the identified molecular fragments and their combinations are made publicly available as supplementary material.
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Rashi Srivastava, Nilesh Rathi, Nilima Thosar, Sudhindra Baliga, Monika Khubchandani, Vedangi Mohite, Jayati Mehta, and Rutuja Waykar. "Contemporary Treatment Modalities for the Management of SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients: An overview." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (September 22, 2020): 839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3090.
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The outbreak of a pandemic, occurring after a hundred years, has taken the world by storm. The knowledge attained from the past epidemics has helped establish various supportive, symptomatic and preventive measures. Some possible therapeutic actions of substances against the concomitant SARS 2 COVID have been tested. However, evidence from randomised controlled trials in humans is not available to support the recommendation of any of the investigational therapies, including vaccines for patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 at this time. With the rapid structural changes and the constantly mutating and unpredictable nature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the development of a definitive treatment regimen is even more challenging. Hence, management is only aimed at supportive therapy/ symptomatic treatment. In the meantime, community mitigating procedures to keep the sudden surge of cases at bay are in place, and the best healthcare workers are working tirelessly in finding a cure. A significant hurdle faced is the foreboding uncertainty about the virus-host relationship as well as the development and progression of the epidemic even today. The numerous modalities have been discussed to give an overview of the best approach for the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 positive patients which include the contemporary antiviral drugs, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, immunoglobulin therapies, vaccines and homoeopathic remedies.
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Goniewicz, Krzysztof, Maciej Magiera, Frederick M. Burkle, and Mariusz Goniewicz. "Prospective Study on the Potential Use of Satellite Data for Disaster Prevention, Preparedness, and Mitigation in Poland." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 35, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x20000321.
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AbstractConsidering climate change, the risk of natural disasters requires a comprehensive approach on the part of all entities dealing with crisis management. Despite the advanced technologies available to predict weather phenomena, it is often unmanageable to take remedial measures, and the best solution is to suitably prepare for, and efficiently operate after, the occurrence of any given crisis. Nevertheless, it is imperative to implement the latest techniques and solutions which will allow for better preparation and responsiveness in the event of natural disasters. This manuscript presents results of initial analysis concerning the currently tested project, which is aimed at, among other things, improving safety in the event of natural disasters in Poland. There were two reasons for creating the manuscript. First, to present the potential of the system currently being built in Poland, which aims to reduce the risks associated with natural disasters and minimize the problems related to crisis management in Poland. And second, to open discussions and create grounds for information exchange between countries implementing similar solutions, especially neighboring countries, with which joint actions could be taken in the event of disasters in border areas.
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Chaika, Larysa, and Viktoriia Chaika. "THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STUDIES IN TAX LEGAL RELATIONS." Journal of International Legal Communication 1 (June 29, 2021): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32612/uw.27201643.2021.1.pp.171-185.
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This paper discusses the problems of conflicts that may be from time to time initiated and settled in the field tax legal relations. The emphasis is placed on the suggestion that the evolution of scientific concepts of conflict is based on the interdisciplinary approach: the paper concludes on the impossibility of separating the philosophical, social, psycholinguistic and legal aspects of the conflict. Complex and systematic analysis of the "conflict" category using the integrative approach has been performed as part of the research. Differentiated state-of-art approaches to the conflict as a subject of scientific analysis may be classified into two primary groups: 1) the approaches, where the conflict is considered in a narrow specific sense; 2) the approaches where the conflict is studied from interdisciplinary perspective. It is determined that any conflict is based on certain confrontation that plays a systemically important framework role both for individual types of conflicts, and for different level of scientific conflict studies. Nevertheless, is concluded that the presence of such confrontation only creates prerequisites for possible behaviour, while the interpersonal relations – i.e. the social category – are pivotal for individual choice of specific communicative interaction strategy. The legal nature and attributive properties of tax conflicts are also discussed from the financial law perspective. The paper distinguishes five specific groups of factors that confirm the actual presence of conflict tax legal relations. The special attention is paid to the tax dispute characterization (as one of the tax conflict development stages) and the remedies available for taxpayer rights protections. In particular, the paper discusses the issues of the taxpayer legal self-defense as the guaranty of subjective rights exercise and lawful interests protection in legal relations as a key for prevention of tax conflicts and disputes. Finally, the reasons are given to substantiate the conclusion that the tax dispute basically comes down to a mechanism of guaranteeing the interested party’s subjective rights enforcement and the balance of public and private interests in the field of taxation.
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Barnawi, Najla A., Hind S. Al-Ghadeer, Madhawi M. BinSaran, Walaa, S. Bin-Muneef, Maryam S. Alroilai, and Shahad M. Alahmed. "The Willingness of Undergraduate Nursing Students Regarding Utilizing CAM as a Preventative Method of Coronaviruses." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 6, no. 04 (April 1, 2021): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol06-i04/1094.
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In response to the global awareness about the Coronavirus, mainly COVID-19, developing an educational-video tool regarding the utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) as a preventative method of Coronaviruses. It is an ideal resource for nursing students, who are a cornerstone of the continuity of care and partnerships with high-risk individuals, families, and communities. This study examines the impact of the CAM video session on the level of attitude among Saudi undergraduate female nursing students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A pre-post tests quasi-experimental study was conducted among 174 students to examine their attitude changes before and after they exposed the CAM educational video. The results suggesting that the CAM video session significantly improves students’ attitudes (M(differences) = 55.2068, SD = 5.9964, [t(174) = 121.444, p < .001]); Further, the number of utilizing the CAM therapy mainly the herbal methods was increased after the exposure to CAM video (pre-test n= 76, 43.7% vs. post-test n= 130, 74.7%). In conclusion enhancing the students' attitudes toward utilizing CAM therapy as preventive measures is a core aspect of public health. Further, implementing such attractive, simple, and evidence-based tools increases the utilization of accessible and available CAM resources such as herbal remedies. Accordingly, there is a need to examine the CAM video tool at a larger scale and not merely focus on the healthcare professionals but should include population-based scope.
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Calder, James D. "Civil Remedies and Crime Prevention." Security Journal 12, no. 4 (October 1999): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.sj.8340044.
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Corcoran, Casey T., Elizabeth Miller, Lisa Sohn, and Carla D. Chugani. "The Development and Piloting of a Digital Checklist to Increase Access and Usage of Campus Online Sexual Violence Resources." Health Education & Behavior 47, no. 1_suppl (May 26, 2020): 36S—43S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198120911879.
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As colleges seek to respond to campus sexual assault, administrators are making policies, programs, and resources related to sexual violence available to students and members of the school community online. Keeping this content current and accessible can be challenging in the context of rapidly changing information and competing priorities across campuses. In response to this challenge, we developed a free, online protocol for campus leaders to quickly assess gaps in their online sexual violence resources. The “Digital Checklist” delineates action steps that campus administrators can take to determine whether information related to campus sexual assault is easily located, current, relevant, and accessible. We found that while schools made an effort to increase the availability of information online, the checklist helped identify gaps that, if remedied, would allow more students to access that information. The overall goal for the checklist is to provide schools with actionable, real-time, and trackable data regarding the utility and accessibility of online sexual violence information and resources and to complement other campus sexual assault prevention and intervention efforts.
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Afroz, Rumana, Md Ismail Khan, Kazi Afzalur Rahman, Mahbuba Jahan Lotus, Mir muhammad Shoyeb Shahabuddin, Tasnin Afrin, Nahid Yeasmin, and Kawsar Jahan Moon. "Histopathological Evaluation of Gastro Protective Effect of Trigonella Foenum Graecum Seed (Methi) and omeprazole in Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats." Journal of Dhaka Medical College 28, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v28i1.45759.
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Context: Peptic ulcer is a common disorder of the stomach and duodenum. Bangladesh is a developing country with a very high point prevalence of duodenal ulcer disease (11.9%) and a H. pylori prevalence of more than 90% in asymptomatic adults and 80% in children at the age of 5 years. The multifactorial pathogenesis of peptic ulcers is secretion of gastric acid. The main therapeutic target is the control of this secretion using antacids, H2 receptor blockers (ranitidine, famotidine) or proton pump blockers (omeprazole and lansoprazole). However, nowadays, gastric ulcer therapy faces a major drawback because most of the drugs currently available in the market show limited efficacy against gastric diseases and are often associated with severe side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify more effective and safe antiulcer agents. In this context, the use of medicinal plants for the prevention and treatment of different pathologies is in continuous expansion worldwide. From the ancient time, various plants were used in traditional medicine with reputation as efficacious remedies. The list of plant derived modern medicine is very long now. About 33% of the drugs produced in the developed countries are derived from plants. Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek, Methi) is one of them used in many parts of world. Preliminary study on animal showed that Trigonella foenum-graecum seed has significant gastro-protective effect. A study was carried out to demonstrate the gastro-protective effect of aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed (Fenugreek, Methi) and omeprazole on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats.
Material and Methods: The present study was performed on 24 (twenty four) rats which were divided randomly into 4 groups each having 6 rats in the Pharmacology Department of Dhaka Medical college, Dhaka. 1 ml of absolute ethanol (5ml/kg body wt.) was orally administered to all groups by gastric intubations to induce gastric ulcer in all groups except normal control. Omeprazole suspension (20mg/kg body wt) was used as synthetic anti ulcer drug in study. Aqueous and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed(500mg/kg body wt) were used respectively orally. Histopathological analysis was carried out to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed and omeprazole on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats.
Result: Pretreatment with aqueous and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed (500mg/kg/body wt) showed very significant prevention in ethanol induced gastric ulcer. Results of the study showed that in case of ethanol treated rats gross examination showed a large amount of haemorrhagic lesions confined mostly in the gastric corpus. Histologically lesion involved about two-third of the mucosa layer and exfoliation of the mucosal cells was detected. Meanwhile, red blood cells were present in the gastric mucosa and edematous submucosa was discovered. However aqueous and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed significantly reduced the haemorrhagic lesions, tissue proliferation, infiltration of cells and sloughing induced by ethanol. This prevention was statistically very significant (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed and omeprazole possess gastro protective properties.
J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 67-75
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Tamara Al-Daghastani, Maisa Alnaqeeb, Shereen Arabiyat, Odate Tadros, and Farah Al-Mamoori. "A Review of Selected Phyto-derivative Compounds Evaluated by In silico studie as Potential Effective Options to Combat Life Threatening COVID-19." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (December 21, 2020): 1705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.4199.
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SARS-COV-2 identified as COVID-19, has become the world's most contagious and dangerous pandemic disease today. It was firstly reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, then due to its strong infectious nature, it had spread to almost 214 countries. Precautionary steps remain the only mandatory technique before a successful form of treatment or vaccine is created to avoid person-to-person transmissions. In the absence of any unique or therapeutic vaccine against this virus, current attempts are being made to find a cure for this pandemic. Using derivatives from previously known antiviral drugs are a beneficial strategy until a specific treatment methodology for COVID-19 is available. Since ancient times, herbal medicines have been used as natural remedies for treating different infectious diseases. A good way to treat COVID-19 will be to look for new compounds from natural sources known for their high safety and applicability since the development of innovative drugs takes a long time and cost. Molecular docking analysis is routinely used in modern drug research to understand and predict the interaction between the molecule of the drug and the microbe's target protein. Drugs designed in this way can prevent access of pathogens into host cells and replication. The present study gives an insight about some plant phytoderivatives that were examined via in silico studies to have the potentiality in treating coronavirus disease through various potential mechanisms such as hindering genome replication, inhibition of spike proteins or preventing inflammatory storm that causes lung injury.
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Thompson, Marian K. (Kay), Melissa V. Lapsa, Robert B. Shelton, and Kim R. Grubb. "RESEARCH AND COMMUNICATIONS RESOURCE – THE BLACK SEA AND CASPIAN SEA ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION CENTER ( HTTP://PIMS.ED.ORNL.GOV)." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-371.
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ABSTRACT Prevention of oil spills and effective action in the case of a spill are crucial to protecting and maintaining the environment. Up-to-date, reliable, and easily accessible research and information are extremely important and help to ensure a united front of preparation and to facilitate remedial action should a spill occur. The better the information available, the better the chance for prevention and, in the event of a spill, efficient and effective cleanup. The Interspill 2004 conference in Trondheim, Norway, hosted a U.S.-Russian Workshop on Oil Spill Prevention and Response. The workshop, which focused on dispersants, was the culmination of agreements signed by U.S. Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham and Russian Minister of Energy Igor Yusufov to discuss energy issues of interest to both countries and to implement the oil spill prevention and response agreement developed between the United States and Russia. To assist the participants and in concert with the workshop, the Black Sea and Caspian Sea Environmental Information Center (http://pims.ed.ornl.gov) posted relevant material from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA), the International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation (ITOPF), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the U.S. Coast Guard. Although this web site offers information on region- and country-specific initiatives, its usefulness is far-reaching—the Center's information on oil spill prevention and response, research and development, and communications and related technologies have worldwide applications. Indeed, more than a hundred organizations from all over the world have registered, and interested organizations are encouraged to do the same to promote their technologies, services, or research activities. The site is being accessed at roughly 1,000 hits per day from 115 countries all over world. During July 2004, there were more than 40,000 hits on the web site. The oil industry strongly supports the information center and has representatives participate in all of its workshops. The Center is intended to be used as a tool to provide a comprehensive source of information:It publishes results and lists participants of several workshops.It hosts online “real-time” meetings that allow participants to plan structured meetings at an optimal time across different time zones.It provides information on oil spill prevention, cleanup, monitoring, and related commercial technologies and offers on-line discussions of these issues.It provides information about the laws, regulations, and standards of various countries relating to the environmental condition of the sea.It posts relevant published scientific papers.It publishes lists of participants working on Black Sea and Caspian Sea environmental issues.It is home to a growing database of historical pollution-testing data from research institutes in the region.
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Beebeejaun, Ambareen. "The Anti-Avoidance Provisions of the Mauritius Income Tax Act 1995." International Journal of Law and Management 60, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 1223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-07-2017-0174.
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Purpose A taxpayer who gets caught under Part VII of the Mauritius Income Tax Act is subjected to a corrective measure only in the form of payment of the amount of tax that would have been due in the absence of the avoidance arrangement, but the consequences set out in the same section do not result in any disincentive to the taxpayer that would ensure the prevention of the occurrence of such type of anti-avoidance practices in the future. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the anti-avoidance provisions in the Mauritius legislation as a weapon against impermissible tax avoidance, and the study also intends to critically analyse the remedies available against taxpayers who enter into impermissible tax avoidance transactions. Design/methodology/approach The methodology adopted for this qualitative study consists of a critical analysis and comparative legal review of the relevant legislation, case laws and literature. The anti-avoidance provisions of the Mauritius legislation will be compared with similar provisions of legislations of countries that have rigid preventive rules for anti-avoidance practices, and the selected countries are the UK and Australia because each country has been successful in diminishing the tax avoidances practices further to the imposition of penalties for impermissible tax avoidance. The black letter approach will also be used through which existing legal provisions, judicial doctrines, scholar articles and budget speeches governing anti-avoidance provisions for each country identified will be analysed. Findings Further to an analysis of the substantial differences between Mauritius anti-avoidance legal provisions and those of the UK and Australia, it is found that the backing of corrective actions by penalties act as a disincentive to prohibit impermissible anti-avoidance practices. The study concludes that, where there is abuse of law, the law needs to provide for penalties that must be suffered by the abuser, and hence, the study calls for an amendment in the Mauritius Income Tax Act to strengthen anti-avoidance provisions, by adopting similar provisions of the laws of Australia and the UK. Originality/value At present, there is no Mauritius literature on the researched topic, and this study will be one of the first academic writings on the subject of penalties for impermissible tax avoidance in Mauritius. The study is a new and unique topic in Mauritius, and for that reason, the study will largely rely on foreign sources that deal with penalties for impermissible tax avoidance, and this will include the Australian Taxation Administrative Act 1953, Australian case laws and the UK Finance Act 2016. This study is being carried out with the view to provide insightful recommendations to the stakeholders concerned in Mauritius to enhance the revenue collection avenues and methodologies for the Mauritius revenue authorities.
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Befus, Deanna R., Sharon Hull, Justine Strand de Oliveira, Gillian Sanders Schmidler, Morris Weinberger, and Remy R. Coeytaux. "Nonpharmacological Self-Management of Migraine Across Social Locations: An Equity-Oriented, Qualitative Analysis." Global Advances in Health and Medicine 8 (January 2019): 216495611985803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2164956119858034.
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Background Migraine is a disabling neurological disorder and the sixth biggest cause of disability worldwide. The World Health Organization has declared migraine a major public health problem due to a paucity of knowledge about cause and effective treatment options. Both in incidence and severity, migraine disproportionately affects people occupying marginalized social locations (SL). Managed pharmacologically, migraine is treated with daily preventive and as-needed abortive medications. Both come with high literal and figurative costs: intolerable side effects, medication interactions, and prohibitive prices. Cost prohibitive, ineffective, and unsustainable pharmacological treatment options have contributed to high levels of interest in complementary approaches by people with migraine, but little is known about their motivations, patterns of use or access, or how these may vary by SL. Method We conducted focus groups with 30 people with migraine to explore their desires and recommendations for migraine clinicians and researchers. We used qualitative content analysis to identify themes. Outcomes: We identified 4 themes: a more holistic, collaborative, long-term treatment approach; medication as a short-term solution; high personal and economic costs of medication; and desire for more information and access to natural approaches. Across SL, participants expressed keen interest in integrative approaches and wanted better access to complementary modalities. Participants in marginalized SL described reliance on traditional/folk remedies, including engagement with family and community healers, who they described as more affordable and culturally accessible. Conclusions Holistic and integrative approaches were preferred over medication as long-term migraine management strategies. However, people in marginalized SL, while disproportionately disabled by migraine, did not feel as comfortable accessing integrative approaches through currently available channels. Engaging with these communities and using a critical lens to explore barriers to access can develop options to make complementary modalities more approachable, while also attending to systemic blind spots that may unintentionally alienate socially marginalized groups.
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Jain, S. D., D. K. Birla, and D. Mishra. "Ebola: Etiology, Prevention and Treatment by Herbal Remedies." PharmaTutor 6, no. 9 (January 9, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29161/pt.v6.i9.2018.20.
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Wang, Tao, and Wei Wu. "Evaluation on the Prevention and Remedies of Desertification." Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 52, no. 5 (1997): 685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.52.685.
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Mullahy, John, and Jody L. Sindelar. "An Ounce of Prevention: Productive Remedies for Alcoholism." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 9, no. 2 (1990): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3325414.
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Mensah-Bonsu, C., and S. Oren. "California electricity market crisis. Causes, remedies, and prevention." IEEE Power Engineering Review 22, no. 8 (August 2002): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.2002.1021353.
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Smith, Donald Hugh. "Book Review: Civil Remedies and Crime Prevention: Crime Prevention Studies Volume 9." Criminal Justice Review 24, no. 1 (May 1999): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401689902400120.
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Hoque, ME. "Cancer: Challenges and Remedies." Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal 5, no. 2 (December 3, 2014): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i2.21123.
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Tyler, Varro E. "Herbal Remedies." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 11, no. 5 (September 1995): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512259501100510.
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Objective: To provide an overview of basic information required by pharmacists to advise patients on the proper use of selected herbs and phytomedicines (“dietary supplements”) as therapeutic agents. Data Sources: The vast literature on this topic in the English, German, and French languages has been researched by the author over a period of many years. Databases that were used include NAPRALERT and MEDLINE. Study Selection: Articles and books dealing with the current popularity of botanical medicine and with laws and regulations covering so-called dietary supplements, as well as information on selected toxic herbs and a few of the most popular beneficial herbs used for treating common ailments and syndromes. Data Synthesis: Studies suggest that many herbal products currently available are both safe and effective drugs. A few products on the US market are definitely unsafe for human consumption and use. Conclusions: The increasing popularity of botanicals, coupled with regulations that prohibit definitive labeling, requires pharmacists to acquire accurate information based on scientifically and clinically acceptable data to advise patients on their use. Useful remedies for several common ailments and information concerning their safety and usefulness provide a starting point for an understanding of this complex field.
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Getu Bayisa, Ginenus Fekadu*, Ayalesew Melese,. "Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Health Care Providers towards the Prevention and Control of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis at Nekemte Referral Hospital, Western Ethiopia." Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijmhs.v9i1.2418.
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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has existed for millennia and remains a major global health problem. Although it may be assumed that in general health care workers (HCWs) know about MDR-TB and its implications, several studies from around the globe have found that HCWs do not always exhibit sufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and acceptable practices regarding preventing and treating MDR-TB. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted by means of self-administered semi structured questionnaires that was provided to health care workers of NRH from March 10 to April 2, 2017. Using convenient sampling technique, from 155 health professionals’ 140 individuals returned the questionnaires. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics was used to determine frequency and percentage. Chi-square test was used to identify the relationships between dependent and independent variables (P<0.05 and 95% CI). Results: The mean age of participants was 30.76+6.42 years. About 56.4% of the participants were males and majority of participants were Nurses (42.2%). Greater than half (59.3%) of respondents had good level of knowledge about MDR-TB and the overwhelming majority of them held positive attitude (60.7%) towards patients with MDR-TB. Overall 21%, 55%, 72.1% of respondents reported that they had their own copy of MDR-TB management guidelines, used the protective masks and were individually involved in educating patients about MDR-TB respectively. Respondents who had good knowledge about MDR-TB significantly wore their Protective masks than those with insufficient knowledge which was statistically significant (P=0.01). Based on the assessed level of knowledge, respondents with good level of knowledge reported they referred to the manual more than those with insufficient level (30.1% versus 19.3%, P=0.172). Conclusion: The finding indicates that the level of knowledge about MDR-TB did not influence the attitude and practices of respondents towards patients suffering from MDR-TB. Contrary to this good knowledge was positively associated with safer practices such as using protective masks, educating patients, and referring to the MDRTB guidelines manual. This situation needs to be remedied by making the guidelines available to all healthcare workers in Ethiopia.
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Robertson, Andrew. "Reliance and expectation in estoppel remedies." Legal Studies 18, no. 3 (September 1998): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1998.tb00022.x.
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The word ‘estoppel’ had its origins in the old French word ‘estoup’, meaning plug or stopper. The principle of estoppel by representation of fact operates in a manner which is consistent with those origins. Where a representation of fact is relied upon by a representee, the effect of the estoppel is to stop up the mouth of the representor, and prevent him or her from asserting facts contrary to his or her own representation. The rights of the parties are then determined by reference to the represented or assumed state of affairs. An estoppel by representation of fact can be used defensively, where an action which would otherwise be available to the plaintiff is not available on the assumed state of affairs. It can also be used aggressively, to establish a state of affairs in which a cause of action exists, where that cause of action would not be available on the true state of affairs.
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Lukashevich, I. K., G. I. Skripkina, and I. L. Gorbunova. "The paradigm of caries prevention remedies administration for pregnant women." Клиническая стоматология, no. 1 (2021): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37988/1811-153x_2021_1_12.
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McBryde, William W. "Remedies for Breach of Contract." Edinburgh Law Review 1, no. 1 (September 1996): 43–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.1996.1.1.43.
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This paper,first presented on 21 October 1995 at ajoint seminar ofthe Scottish Law Commission and the Faculty of Law, University of Edinburgh, on the subject of breach of contract, is a critical survey of the remedies available in Scots law for breach of contract. It considers interest, specific implement, interdict, breach of contract, the mutuality principle, damages and penalty clauses.
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Jacobs, Jennifer. "Homeopathic Prevention and Management of Epidemic Diseases." Homeopathy 107, no. 03 (May 12, 2018): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1649487.
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Background Homeopathy has been used to treat epidemic diseases since the time of Hahnemann, who used Belladonna to treat scarlet fever. Since then, several approaches using homeopathy for epidemic diseases have been proposed, including individualization, combination remedies, genus epidemicus, and isopathy. Methods The homeopathic research literature was searched to find examples of each of these approaches and to evaluate which were effective. Results There is good experimental evidence for each of these approaches. While individualization is the gold standard, it is impractical to use on a widespread basis. Combination remedies can be effective but must be based on the symptoms of a given epidemic in a specific location. Treatment with genus epidemicus can also be successful if based on data from many practitioners. Finally, isopathy shows promise and might be more readily accepted by mainstream medicine due to its similarity to vaccination. Conclusion Several different homeopathic methods can be used to treat epidemic diseases. The challenge for the future is to refine these approaches and to build on the knowledge base with additional rigorous trials. If and when conventional medicine runs out of options for treating epidemic diseases, homeopathy could be seen as an attractive alternative, but only if there is viable experimental evidence of its success.
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Vineeth, R., R. Rithish, D. V. S. N. Sai Varma, and B. V. Ajay Prakash. "Smart Health Care Chatbot for Prognosis of Treatments and Disease Diagnosis Using Machine Learning." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 3947–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8993.
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In this present world there are various diseases for which treatments and remedies are available abundantly. It is impossible for human to remember all the precautions and remedies to cure the disease. There is no relevant platform that could exhibit all the diseases and their respective remedies. Health professionals are not always available to users on all the time. Hence, the necessity of health care Chatbot plays a major role in this current world. In the proposed idea, we have created a HealthCare Chatbot with Artificial Intelligence techniques which can process the text input and predict the diseases associated with the symptoms given by the user. The HealthCare Chatbot implemented here is a user friendly platform which predicts the probable diseases and the home remedies, we can imply to cure based on the symptoms observed by the user in their knowledge.
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Jothy, Subramanion L., Soundararajan Vijayarathna, Yeng Chen, Jagat R. Kanwar, and Sreenivasan Sasidharan. "Regulating Mitochondrial Biogenesis: from Herbal Remedies to Phytomedicine for Cancer Prevention." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 16, no. 17 (December 3, 2015): 8015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.17.8015.
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Plagis, Misha Ariana. "The Makings of Remedies: The (R)evolution of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights' Remedies Regime in Fair Trial Cases." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 28, Supplement (November 2020): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2020.0331.
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Human rights systems are often assessed on the substantive rights they provide rather than the remedies available when those rights are violated. This article traces the developments of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights’ remedies regime in fair trial cases between 2015 and 2018. Three typologies are identified and further analysed in light of the remedies regimes of other regional human rights systems. Although the African Court initially relied on the Inter-American system, adapting its approach over time, it remains to be seen in which direction the (r)evolution of the African Court's remedies will go next.
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Paparinskis, Martins. "Investors’ Remedies under EU Law and International Investment Law." Journal of World Investment & Trade 17, no. 6 (November 24, 2016): 919–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340022.
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Legal orders of international investment law and European Union law both provide remedies for investors. This article does not consider whether these remedies are available to the same actors in relation to the same conduct. The argument is limited to comparison of remedies under investment law, almost exclusively compensatory in character and implemented through investor-State arbitration, with remedies under EU law, particularly State liability claims in domestic courts. This comparison at the level of legal principle is not nonsensical – concepts of attribution, breach, rights, and causality do evoke somewhat similar considerations – but ultimately the extent of systemic differences as well as lack of information about crucial aspects of remedies make these matters incommensurable. It is not obvious that comparison of experience of States that have been addressees of both kinds of remedies is more illuminating than the comparison of principle.