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1
Johnson, David, Donna Mullen, Iain D. Smith, and Alistair Wilson. "Mindfulness in addictions." BJPsych Advances 22, no. 6 (November 2016): 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.114.014142.
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SummaryThere have been many developments in mindfulness-based approaches (MBAs) since the original mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course was first delivered in the 1980s. There are now a variety of mindfulness approaches, which are used to good effect in a range of psychological and physical health disorders. The addictions field first witnessed the development of relapse prevention techniques more than 30 years ago. MBAs have been adapted for use in relapse prevention and can be offered as a mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) course. MBSR or mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) courses may also be useful for those with addiction problems. In this article, we describe the MBAs that are commonly offered at present. We highlight ways in which these approaches may be useful in the addictions feld. We also make suggestions for clinicians who may be interested in offering MBAs within their own service.
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Asieieva, Yuliia. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF LIFE AND THE STAGE OF MANIFESTATION OF CYBER ADDICTIONS." Science and Education 2021, no. 1 (March 2021): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2021-1-5.
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The whole world today is rapidly following the path of digitalization of society, cyberspace is becoming a new sphere of reality for the majority of the population. Despite all the advantages of interactive technologies and the speed of obtaining the necessary information due to the prevalence of the Internet. New problematic issues also arise. Almost 8% of the world's population has been already addicted to the Internet, but questions about the nosology, etiology of cyber addictions and their treatment and prevention still remain unresolved. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of social living conditions on the severity of cyber addictions. The following research methods were used: bibliographic and historical analysis of theoretical heritage, psychodiagnostic testing: Test-questionnaire for detecting cyber addiction (TQC) and semi-structured interview of respondents to clarify social living conditions as well as mathematical and statistical methods for data analysis (data processing was done using the program "Microsoft Excel", "SPSS 26.0 for Windows XP"). The study sample consisted of 559 people, including 408 who had certain types of cyber addictions and 151 people who agreed to join the control group (relatively healthy). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of bioethics and deontology. It was found that the most typical addictions for boys are computer addiction, Internet addiction, game addiction and gadget addiction; more typical addictions for girls are cybercommunication addiction and selfie. In correlation analysis (according to Pearson and Tau-b Kendall) of relationship between the influence of social living conditions on the severity of cyber addictions it was found that according to the results of both correlation matrices the links were not revealed between cyber addictions and educational institutions in which our respondents studied; but at the same time a direct relationship was found between computer addiction, Internet addiction, game addiction and cyber-communication addiction with the academic success of cyber-addicts. Such a type of cyber addiction as selfie has an inverse relationship with the material wealth of the family. When analyzing the results obtained by Pearson's correlation analysis, it can be argued that the manifestations of all types of cyber addictions have a medium direct connection with conflicts with parents, a weak direct connection between cyber addictions and conflicts with peers.
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DiNitto, Diana M. "The Future of Social Work Practice in Addictions." Advances in Social Work 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2005): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/91.
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Few social workers specialize in addictions practice. That number may grow in the years ahead due to demographic changes in the population, an expanding definition of addiction, and other factors. Social workers in all areas of practice see clients with addictions and their family members, but there is a large gap in the numbers who need treatment and receive it. The social work workforce of the future must be better equipped to develop and identify prevention and treatment services that are both appealing to clients and effective. These services may need to be offered in other setting where clients are seen. There is also much work to be done in the years ahead in the political environment to make treatment available and to see that individuals with addictions are treated fairly. Substantial research is being conducted on genetics and the brain chemistry of addiction. Psychosocial factors are also believed to play a substantial role in the development of addictions, thus ensuring social workers place in the addictions field in the years ahead.
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Shubnikova, E. G. "Structure of readiness of pedagogical university students for prevention of addictive behavior." SHS Web of Conferences 113 (2021): 00049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111300049.
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The spread of addictive behavior among minors continues to be a dangerous trend about children and young people. Therefore, one of the most important areas of pedagogical activity is the prevention of addictions in educational organizations, as well as the training of pedagogical university students for being able to prevent addictions in children and adolescents. The study considers the structure of pedagogical university students’ readiness for the prevention of addictions in the educational environment, relying on a competence-based approach. We have proposed a characteristic of the model for assessing the competence of future teachers in the prevention of addictive behavior in children and young people. We considered the content of the training of future teachers for the prevention of addictive behavior based on the study of preventive pedagogy, and analyzed the main approaches to the prevention of addictive behavior in the educational environment. We presented the results of an experimental study and revealed the effectiveness of the training of pedagogical university students for preventive activities with adolescents.
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Asieieva, Yuliia, Oleg Druz, Hanna Kozhyna, and Inna Chernenko. "Cyber-addiction psychoprophylaxis program for young generation of Ukraine." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 40 (May 31, 2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.40.04.2.
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In the work the authors provides a statistical analysis of the problem, considers possible measures for the prevention and correction of cyber addictions among the younger generation. Proposed: a scheme of interaction in the formation of media culture; a preventive cyber addiction prophylaxis scheme; a number of practical recommendations on the peculiarities of socialization of adolescents with cyber-addiction are described; the basic principles of working with cyber-addicts are highlighted. It is emphasized that the ways of overcoming cyber-addictions should have a socio-psychological direction aimed at: correction of behavioral deficiencies; changing the life program so that a person has the opportunity to satisfy his needs focusing not on the virtual environment, but on the surrounding reality; developing the ability to establish constructive relationships with people around; displacing being in cyberspace from leading activities; normalization of emotional response to difficult life situations.
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Kim, Hyoun S., David C. Hodgins, Benjamin Kim, and T. Cameron Wild. "Transdiagnostic or Disorder Specific? Indicators of Substance and Behavioral Addictions Nominated by People with Lived Experience." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020334.
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Using a transdiagnostic perspective, the present research examined the prominent indicators of substance (alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, tobacco) and behavioral (gambling, video games, sex, shopping, work, eating) addictions nominated by people with lived experiences. Specifically, we aimed to explore whether the perceived most important indicators nominated were consistent across the 10 addictions or differed based on the specific addiction. Additionally, we explored gender differences in the perceived most important indicators across addictive behaviors. A large online sample of adults recruited from a Canadian province (n = 3503) were asked to describe the most important signs or symptoms of problems with these substances and behaviors. Open-ended responses were analyzed among a subsample of 2603 respondents (n = 1562 in the past year) who disclosed that they had personally experienced a problem with at least one addiction listed above. Content analyses revealed that dependence (e.g., craving, impairments in control) and patterns of use (e.g., frequency) were the most commonly perceived indicators for both substance and behavioral addictions, accounting for over half of all the qualitative responses. Differences were also found between substance and behavioral addictions regarding the proportion of the most important signs nominated. Consistent with the syndrome model of addiction, unique indicators were also found for specific addictive behaviors, with the greatest proportion of unique indicators found for eating. Supplemental analyses found that perceived indicators across addictions were generally gender invariant. Results provide some support for a transdiagnostic conceptualization of substance and behavioral addictions. Implications for the study, prevention, and treatment of addictions are discussed.
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Lee, Minji, Sun Ju Chung, Youngjo Lee, Sera Park, Jun-Gun Kwon, Dai Jin Kim, Donghwan Lee, and Jung-Seok Choi. "Investigation of Correlated Internet and Smartphone Addiction in Adolescents: Copula Regression Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 5806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165806.
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Internet and smartphone addiction have become important social issues. Various studies have demonstrated their association with clinical and psychological factors, including depression, anxiety, aggression, anger expression, and behavioral inhibition, and behavioral activation systems. However, these two addictions are also highly correlated with each other, so the consideration of the relationship between internet and smartphone addiction can enhance the analysis. In this study, we considered the copula regression model to regress the bivariate addictions on clinical and psychological factors. Real data analysis with 555 students (age range: 14–15 years; males, N = 295; females, N = 265) from South Korean public middle schools is illustrated. By fitting the copula regression model, we investigated the dependency between internet and smartphone addiction and determined the risk factors associated with the two addictions. Furthermore, by comparing the model fits of the copula model with linear regression and generalized linear models, the best copula model was proposed in terms of goodness of fit. Our findings revealed that internet and smartphone addiction are not separate problems, and that associations between them should be considered. Psychological factors, such as anxiety, the behavioral inhibition system, and aggression were also significantly associated with both addictions, while ADHD symptoms were related to internet addiction only. We emphasize the need to establish policies on the prevention, management, and education of addiction.
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Tomei, Alexander, Joseph Studer, and Gerhard Gmel. "Prosocialness in young males with substance and behavioral addictions." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 10, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00035.
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AbstractBackground and aimsSocial determinants are closely related to addiction, both as a cause and a consequence of substance use and other addictive behaviors. The present paper examines prosocialness (i.e. the tendency to help, empathize, and care for others) among a population of young males. We compared prosocialness across different types of addiction and examined whether prosocialness varied according to the presence of multiple addictions.MethodsA sample of 5,675 young males, aged 19–29 years old (Mean = 21.4; Median = 21), completed a questionnaire that included screening tools to identify addictive behaviors with regards to alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, gambling, and gaming. The questionnaire also included a scale to measure prosocialness.ResultsCompared to a no-addiction control group, the subgroups of young men suffering from behavioral addictions (i.e., gambling and gaming) reported the lowest levels of prosocialness. Respondents with an alcohol addiction also showed lower prosocialness compared to no-addiction controls. By contrast, no significant differences in prosocialness were found between respondents with nicotine disorder or cannabis disorder and the no-addiction controls. Furthermore, the number of addictions had no clear, observable effects on prosocialness. Significant differences were found between the no-addiction control group and the groups reporting one or more addictions, but not between the separate groups reporting one, two, and three or more addictions.Discussion and conclusionsA better understanding of the social dimension affecting young males with addiction, particularly gambling and gaming addictions, may be useful for their prevention and treatment.
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Corrigan, Patrick, Georg Schomerus, and David Smelson. "Are some of the stigmas of addictions culturally sanctioned?" British Journal of Psychiatry 210, no. 3 (March 2017): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.185421.
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SummaryWe provide three examples of how addiction stigma is sanctioned: (a) discrimination against people with addictions is often legal; (b) public health communications frequently use stigma to promote prevention; (c) some programmes, such as ‘12 steps’ promote self-stigma. The implications of sanctioned stigma for stigma-change programmes are then discussed.
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Kwadrans, Łukasz, and Ivan Rác. "THREATS AND SYMPTOMS OF EXCESSIVE USE OF THE INTERNET BY YOUNG PEOPLE. AN ATTEMPT TO DEFINE THE PHENOMENON AND A RESEARCH REPORT." Probacja 2 (December 16, 2019): 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6104.
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The text is an analysis of the phenomenon of netoholism based on foreign literature, especially Czech and Slovak literature, as well as own research. The authors point out problems aff ecting young people and challenges in the field of prevention, probation, and early response to Internet addiction. It becomes a challenge both for changes in the law, prevention, diagnosis, or reaction of assistance services, to the implementation of the educational function of the school. The authors propose inclusion in preventive programs regarding other addictions, most often from alcohol and drugs, also activities related to the prevention of netoholism. Own research confi rms disturbing conclusions from the analysed works, reports and publications of other authors. This is only a description and diagnosis of the problem, which may lead to further research, studies, analyses, as well as seeking its solutions or formulating recommendations. The text certainly allowed to defi ne basic concepts, and through the presentation of research results it will inspire to take intervention measures in the context of the practice of applying the law, as well as its possible changes in the areas allowing prevention, diagnosis and treatment as well as proper public response to this type of addiction.
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Asieieva, Yuliia, Constantine Aymedov, Serhii Horishchak, Sergii Mierlich, and Konstiantyn Riabukhin. "Cyber-addictions of the Ukrainian youth." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 44 (September 29, 2021): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.44.08.5.
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The work is devoted to the study of the problem of dependence on cyberspace of young people. Experts increasingly believe that cyber-addiction is a pathological urge or disease that belongs to the category of non-chemical dependencies and has its own nosology, etiology, pathogenesis and requires prevention, treatment and psycho-correction. Thanks to the analysis of scientific achievements, their actual types were determined, a comprehensive model of classification was built taking into account socially accepted, pathological and cyber-addiction; the stages of cyber-addiction formation are separated. Thanks to the developed and tested method «Test-questionnaire for detecting cyber-addiction», it was found that the most typical addictions for young people are: computer addiction, Internet addiction, game addiction and gadget addiction; girls are more typical: cyber communicative addiction and selfitis. When considering age characteristics, it was found that the highest rates of 3rd degree of addiction are among people aged 19 to 21, a more even distribution of 2nd and 3rd degrees of addiction among people aged 14 to 15 years. Due to the factor analysis of the obtained results, it was established that an addict can have not one dependence, but several, although each of them may have a different degree of manifestation.
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Asieieva, Yuliia, Constantine Aymedov, Serhii Horishchak, Sergii Mierlich, and Konstiantyn Riabukhin. "Cyber-addictions of the Ukrainian youth." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 44 (September 29, 2021): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.44.08.5.
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The work is devoted to the study of the problem of dependence on cyberspace of young people. Experts increasingly believe that cyber-addiction is a pathological urge or disease that belongs to the category of non-chemical dependencies and has its own nosology, etiology, pathogenesis and requires prevention, treatment and psycho-correction. Thanks to the analysis of scientific achievements, their actual types were determined, a comprehensive model of classification was built taking into account socially accepted, pathological and cyber-addiction; the stages of cyber-addiction formation are separated. Thanks to the developed and tested method «Test-questionnaire for detecting cyber-addiction», it was found that the most typical addictions for young people are: computer addiction, Internet addiction, game addiction and gadget addiction; girls are more typical: cyber communicative addiction and selfitis. When considering age characteristics, it was found that the highest rates of 3rd degree of addiction are among people aged 19 to 21, a more even distribution of 2nd and 3rd degrees of addiction among people aged 14 to 15 years. Due to the factor analysis of the obtained results, it was established that an addict can have not one dependence, but several, although each of them may have a different degree of manifestation.
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Grant, Jon E., Judson A. Brewer, and Marc N. Potenza. "The Neurobiology of Substance and Behavioral Addictions." CNS Spectrums 11, no. 12 (December 2006): 924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s109285290001511x.
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ABSTRACTBehavioral addictions, such as pathological gambling, kleptomania, pyromania, compulsive buying, and compulsive sexual behavior, represent significant public health concerns and are associated with high rates of psychiatric comorbidity and mortality. Although research into the biology of these behaviors is still in the early stages, recent advances in the understanding of motivation, reward, and addiction have provided insight into the possible pathophysiology of these disorders. Biochemical, functional neuroimaging, genetic studies, and treatment research have suggested a strong neurobiological link between behavioral addictions and substance use disorders. Given the substantial co-occurrence of these groups of disorders, improved understanding of their relationship has important implications not only for further understanding the neurobiology of both categories of disorders but also for improving prevention and treatment strategies.
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Tavares, Hermano, Monica L. Zilberman, and Nady el-Guebaly. "Are There Cognitive and Behavioural Approaches Specific to the Treatment of Pathological Gambling?" Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 48, no. 1 (February 2003): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370304800105.
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Objective: Treatment approaches for pathological gambling have been modelled after preexisting substance addiction models. This paper reviews cognitive-behavioural models in a search for original insights that are specific to gambling treatment. Method: A computerized search of major health care databases (Medline and PsycINFO) was performed. Results: New cognitive-behavioural approaches to the treatment of pathological gambling provide 3 original additions to the traditional multimodal treatment of addictions: cognitive restructuring, in vivo exposure, and imaginal desensitization. Other cognitive-behavioural techniques, such as relapse prevention, problem solving, and social skill training, are shared by gambling treatment and addictions treatment. Conclusions: When treating pathological gamblers, clinicians must consider introducing techniques to address cognitive distortions related to gambling. Also, cue exposure—whether in vivo or imaginal—may help deal with urges prompted by such cues. The blending of these new techniques into a multimodal addiction treatment potentially balances the rational and external orientation of the cognitive-behavioural approach with interpersonal and introspective components of the traditional addiction treatment.
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Asieieva, Y. O. "FEATURES STYLE FAMILY EDUCATION OF CYBERADDICTS (THROUGH THE EYES OF CHILDREN)." PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK, no. 1(51) (June 15, 2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2707-0409.2020.1(51).225347.
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The identification of risk factors is an important aspect of preventive activities in the field of prevention of addictive behavior. In order to identify social factors that may influence the formation of cyber-addictions, we turned our attention to family relationships. Because, the family is the closest and first circle of social interaction, that has the greatest impact on the formation of personal qualities. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of family parenting styles of cyber-addicts through the eyes of children. Research methods: bibliographic (analysis, systematization, theoretical data and literature sources), historical (study of the origin, formation and development of the concept) and psychodiagnostic, Methodology «Parents are evaluated by children» (I. A. Furmanov and A. A. Aladdin), as well as a structured interview, mathematical and statistical data processing was performed using the program «Microsoft Excel, XP» and «SPSS 26.0 for Windows XP». It was found that among the study groups of people with cyber-addictions predominate: hypoprotection, underdevelopment of parental feel ings, conflict between spouses in the field of education, emotional rejection, abuse and the benefits of child qualities. Since the family is only a part of the personality microsociety, the study of social factors that can become factors in the formation of cyber addictions should be continued, this will make it possible to highlight additional social factors in the formation of this addiction and take them into account when developing preventive and psychocorrectional programs.
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Pallanti, Stefano, Silvia Bernardi, and Leonardo Quercioli. "The Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire and the Internet Addiction Scale in the Assessment of Multiple Addictions in a High-School Population: Prevalence and Related Disability." CNS Spectrums 11, no. 12 (December 2006): 966–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900015157.
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ABSTRACTObjectiveTaking into account the importance of act prevention on the development of addictions, we assessed the presence of multiple addictions in an adolescent high-school population, also assessing the prevalence of Internet abuse and the impact on disability.IntroductionAdolescence seems to be a critical period of addiction vulnerability, based on social but also neurobiological factors.The earlier onset of behavioral/substance dependence seems to predict greater addiction severity, morbidity, and multiple addictive disorders.MethodsData were collected from a sample of 275 students in Florence, Italy, high schools through surveys distributed in classes. The sample had an average age of 16.67±1.85 years (52.4% males, 47.6% females). To assess multiple addiction we used the 16 subscales of the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire, to assess Internet addiction prevalence we used the Internet Addiction Scale, and to quantify disability symptoms, we used the Sheehan Disability Scale.ResultsCaffeine abuse, sex, relationship submissive, gambling, food starving, and food bingeing have raised highest scores. 5.4% of the students were found to be Internet addicted similar to other countries. Disability seemed strongly correlated to the subscale of alcohol, gambling, sex, tobacco, food starving and food bingeing, shopping, exercise, and Internet addiction. Gambling, sex, caffeine abuse, compulsive help dominant, work, Internet addiction, relationship dominant, and relationship submissive in this sample were strongly related to substance dependence.ConclusionLevel of concerns unexpected compared to the level reported in other countries for the behavioral compulsions, have been highlighted. Behavioral addictions are multiple, a source of disability, and they are related to substance abuse. It has yet to be clarified if they are a temporary phenomenon occurring in adolescents or if they are a stable trait, accounting as marker for the development of substance abuse.
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Valencia-Ortiz, Rubicelia, Julio Cabero-Almenara, and Urtza Garay Ruiz. "Perception of trainers and students on the measures to be taken to solve the addiction of young people to social networks." Digital Education Review, no. 39 (July 1, 2021): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/der.2021.39.141-158.
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Addictions to online social networks is a problem facing technological societies, and those most affected by this phenomenon are young people and teenagers. Among its effects are the decrease in academic performance and the increase in violent behavior. Given these facts, governments around the world are adopting mechanisms for their prevention. The present work describes the results of research focused on investigating the proposals that would be adopted by the members of the educational community to carry out preventive actions against the addiction and abuse of online social networks. The methodological design has been based on the intensive use of the Nominal Groups technique developed by Delbecq and Andrew in 1971 and which facilitates reaching consensus in a structured group process. The results show the high degree of coincidence among the participants stands out, which validates the usefulness of the measures, and that the addiction to social networks perceives it as a direct consequence of the addition to mobile phones and the Internet. Therefore, it seems necessary that prevention plans should have a generalized perspective that encompasses all three technologies
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Brewer, Colin. "Combining Pharmacological Antagonists and Behavioural Psychotherapy in Treating Addictions." British Journal of Psychiatry 157, no. 1 (July 1990): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.1.34.
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Supervised administration of disulfiram is one of the very few treatments that can significantly reduce alcohol consumption, yet it is rarely used, despite being simple and cheap. Disulfiram is not ‘aversion therapy‘, but a technique for facilitating exposure and response prevention, and it fits comfortably into a behavioural, social-learning model of addiction (or dependence) and its treatment. The availability of other effective antagonists, notably to opiates, suggests that an approach that is demonstrably effective in alcohol dependence may be helpful in treating other addictions. The reasons for the unpopularity of this approach appear to be largely ideological.
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Müller, Christian P., and Gunter Schumann. "To use or not to use: Expanding the view on non-addictive psychoactive drug consumption and its implications." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 6 (November 10, 2011): 328–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x1100135x.
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AbstractProposing a change to the view on psychoactive drug use in non-addicts touches a sensitive issue because of its potential implications to addiction prevention, therapeutic practice, and drug policy. Commentators raised nine questions that ranged from clarifications, suggested extensions of the model to supporting data previously not regarded, to assumptions on the implications of the model. Here, we take up the suggestions of the commentators to expand the model to behavioral addictions, discuss additional instrumentalization goals, and review the evidence from laboratory animal studies on drug instrumentalization. We consider further the role of sociocultural factors and individual development in the establishment in drug instrumentalization and addiction. Finally, we clarify which implications we think this model may have. We conclude that drug instrumentalization theory can be further applied to other behaviors but will require a sensitive debate when used for drug and addiction policy that directly affects prevention and treatment.
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Bobo, William V., and Shannon C. Miller. "Complicated Dual Diagnosis: A Case for Physician Involvement in Addictions Treatment." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 31, no. 2 (June 2001): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/8yrg-3wcb-rydx-gd5h.
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Despite the high prevalence of substance use disorders, the prevention and treatment of such illnesses seem to receive little attention during physician training. This provides cause for concern, as physician involvement in addiction treatment has been relatively sparse. We present the case of a patient whose successful treatment likely relied upon her physicians' intensive training in each of the biological, psychological, and social aspects of her clinical presentation. The case illustrates the need for added emphasis on the assessment and treatment of addictive disorders during medical training, and for more active physician involvement in addictions treatment.
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Soto, Claradina, Amy E. West, Guadalupe G. Ramos, and Jennifer B. Unger. "Substance and Behavioral Addictions among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 2974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052974.
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Objective: This paper examines substance and behavioral addictions among American Indian and Alaska Natives (AIAN) to identify the structural and psychosocial risk and cultural protective factors that are associated with substance use and behavioral addictions. Methods: Five databases were used to search for peer reviewed articles through December 2021 that examined substance and behavioral addictions among AIANs. Results: The literature search identified 69 articles. Numerous risk factors (i.e., life stressors, severe trauma, family history of alcohol use) and protective factors (i.e., ethnic identity, family support) influence multiple substance (i.e., commercial tobacco, alcohol, opioid, stimulants) and behavioral (e.g., gambling) addictions. Conclusions: There is a dearth of research on behavioral addictions among AIANs. Unique risk factors in AIAN communities such as historical trauma and socioeconomic challenges have interfered with traditional cultural resilience factors and have increased the risk of behavioral addictions. Future research on resilience factors and effective prevention and treatment interventions could help AIANs avoid behavioral addictions.
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Munno, Donato, Marta Saroldi, Elisa Bechon, Sara Chiara Maria Sterpone, and Giuseppina Zullo. "Addictive behaviors and personality traits in adolescents." CNS Spectrums 21, no. 2 (August 13, 2015): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852915000474.
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IntroductionBehavioral addictions refer to repeated dysfunctional behaviors that do not involve the ingestion of addictive substances. Studies on the association between behavioral addictions and personality traits have noted in individuals with problematic behaviors a high proclivity toward impulsivity and sensation-seeking and a low predisposition to harm avoidance. The majority of these studies have focused on adults, while far fewer have involved adolescents.MethodsThe study population was 109 high school students (age range 15–18 years) in Turin, Italy. Participants completed an assessment that comprised a demographic questionnaire and 3 self-report questionnaires: the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire (SPQ), the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and the Multidimensional Questionnaire for Adolescents (QMA).ResultsA gender-related difference in the risk of developing an addictive behavior was observed, with a significantly higher percentage of risk seen for several addiction tendencies among the males. Statistically significant correlations emerged between some personality determinants and certain addictive behaviors.DiscussionThe study pinpoints epidemiological indicators for the extent of this growing problem among adolescents.ConclusionsThe findings have implications for identifying protection factors and risk factors for addictive behaviors and related psychiatric disorders, and the development of primary prevention strategies derived from such factors.
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Irabli, Candace, and Nicholas Wood. "Group Therapy for Addictions: An Interpersonal Relapse Prevention Approach." International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 68, no. 1 (October 2, 2017): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207284.2017.1375347.
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Drucker, Ernest, Kenneth Anderson, Robert Haemmig, Robert Heimer, Dan Small, Alex Walley, Evan Wood, and Ingrid van Beek. "Treating Addictions: Harm Reduction in Clinical Care and Prevention." Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 13, no. 2 (April 26, 2016): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11673-016-9720-6.
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Mateu, César, Marta Rodríguez-Arias, Isis Gil-Miravet, Ana Benito, José M. Tomás, and Gonzalo Haro. "The Association between a MAOB Variable Number Tandem Repeat Polymorphism and Cocaine and Opiate Addictions in Polyconsumers." Brain Sciences 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11101265.
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Genetic analysis of the association between alcohol, cocaine, and opiate addiction and variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) and serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1B and 2C (HTR1B 21 and HTR2C) pathway genes was performed in a sample of 302 polyconsumers. Our genetic association analysis revealed a significant association between a 184 base pair (bp) VNTR polymorphism in the MAOB gene and addiction to cocaine and opiates. This work highlights new genetic marker associations in cocaine and opiate polyconsumer addictions. These data help to clarify and quantify the complex role of genetics in addictive disorders, as well as their future contribution to the prevention (genetic counselling), diagnosis (genetic diagnosis of vulnerability), and treatment (pharmacogenomics) of these disorders.
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Williams, K., C. Selwyn, C. Elkins, S. Young, K. Pancione, M. Baker, and Y. Getch. "An integrated addictions nursing subspecialty to expand the opioid use disorder and substance use disorder workforce." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1521.
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IntroductionIn the U.S. approximately11.4 million misused prescription pain relievers; 2.1 million had an OUD in 2017. The Addictions Nursing Subspecialty was created to address this epidemic by expanding a workforce trained in OUD/SUD screening, treatment, and prevention. A curriculum was developed that included integrated/telehealth health care settings in medical and mental health provider shortage areas during their last nine months of training. Courses were developed and taught by aninterprofessional team of university faculty and informed by evidence-based guidelines/clinical competencies for effective OUD/SUD screening/prevention, assessment, treatment, and recovery. Courses were also offered as electives for nursing, clinical-counseling, social work, and other health science disciplines emphasizing an interdisciplinary approach to healthcare.ObjectivesExpand the OUD/SUD trained workforce in areas with high OUD/SUD mortality rates and high mental health provider shortages emphasizing team-based integrated care and telehealth settings.MethodsProgram curriculum was informed by evidence-based guidelines/clinical competencies for effective OUD/SUD screening/prevention, assessment, treatment, and recovery using integrated care. Competencies included: Core Competencies for Integrated Behavioral Health and Primary Care that have been set forth by the Center for Integrated Health Solutions, telehealth competencies outlined in the recommended competencies by the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF), and Core Competencies for Addictions Medicine by the American Board of Addictions Medicine.ResultsApproximately 11 students enrolled in courses received additions integrated/telehealth health care settings. Students responded positively to evaluations regarding timely feedback, unique approach (i.e. intrative content, short videos and discussions).ConclusionsThe Addictions Nursing subspecialty will continue to be offered allowing enrollment for nurses twice a year.
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Lopez-Fernandez, Olatz, and Daria J. Kuss. "Preventing Harmful Internet Use-Related Addiction Problems in Europe: A Literature Review and Policy Options." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 3797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113797.
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Internet use-related addiction problems are increasingly being recognized on a European scale due to international health organizations considering gaming addiction. In April 2013, the American Psychiatric Association recognized Internet Gaming Disorder in the fifth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and in April 2018, the World Health Organization included Gaming Disorder in the eleventh International Classification of Diseases. However, findings on these problems within this period are lacking in Europe, and a preventive approach is missing globally. A detailed critical literature review was conducted using PsycINFO and Web of Science in this five-year period. A total of 19 studies were reviewed and problems identified were: generalized Internet addiction and online gaming and gambling addictions across seven European countries (i.e., Spain, Germany, France, Italy, Greece, The Netherlands, and Denmark). The individuals with problematic use were found to be educated adolescents, usually young males with comorbid disorders, and gaming and gambling disorders were implicated in the most severe cases. Cognitive behavioral therapy was the main treatment, sometimes combined with a systemic approach for adolescents. Prevalence, high-risk populations, and factors contributing to these addiction problems are discussed, and a set of policy options are developed for this region. The implications for early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in Europe are considered.
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Korchagina, G. A., B. P. Tselinsky, V. V. Kirzhanova, N. A. Dolzhanskaya, E. V. Fadeeva, and A. A. Grigoryeva. "RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CENTRE ON ADDICTIONS IN 2019: STUDIES ON ADDICTION PREVENTION." Journal of Addiction Problems, no. 3 (2020): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47877/0234-0623_2020_3_5.
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Sulkunen, Pekka. "The images theory of addiction." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 4, no. 1 (June 22, 2015): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.191.
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Sulkunen, P. (2015). The images theory of addiction. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(1), 5-11. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.191In everyday language, addiction usually refers to a strong desire that drives people to continue habitual behaviour despite acknowledged harm and their own will to quit. Many theorists and practitioners have long rejected the concept because of its tendency to individualize problem behavior, to focus on treatment rather than prevention, and to limit harmful consequences unduly to a selected group of users. There is no commonly accepted etiology of, or evidence-based treatment for, the condition, and diagnostic definitions are based on syndromes only. This article argues that the objections are not valid if we understand addiction as a generic concept, defined in terms of characteristics shared by several specific types, of which some are called prototypes. Addictions involve neurological adaptations but are not caused by them. They always emerge from culturally regulated behaviours, they are processes rather than on-off conditions, and involve types and pathways that depend on the social conditions in which they evolve. Addicted and normal uses are closely related and governed by images that define the functions, norms, meanings and use-values of the behavior. These will be transformed as addictions develop. The Images Theory of Addiction opens the way to understanding cultural variations in the addictive process, as well as to identify particularly risky images of potentially addictive behaviors. The theory is illustrated with examples from recent comparative studies.
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Cimprichová Gežová, Katarína. "MEDIA ADDICTIONS IN A SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AND POSSIBILITIES OF PREVENTION." Social Pathology and Prevention 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25142/spp.2018.009.
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Boltivets, Sergii, and Olha Flyarkovska. "Functions of educational psychologist in prevention addictions of modern youth." Scientific Visnyk V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Psychological Sciences, no. 2 (21) (2021): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2078-2128-2021-21-2-12-20.
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The article provides a socio-pedagogical analysis of the problem of adolescents' use of psychoactive substances, alcoholic beverages. Psychological and pedagogical measures aimed at preventing the use of psychoactive substances and alcoholic beverages among young people, which are recommended for use by teachers, are generalized. Psychological and pedagogical principles of organizing the pedagogical process aimed at developing a healthy personality that can learn throughout life, think critically, set goals and achieve them, work in a team, communicate in a multicultural environment, develop skills of equal communication, assertive behavior, listen to others, make decisions, defend one's own opinion, develop the ability to resist the pressure of advertising, learn to recognize the advertising strategies of tobacco and alcohol companies and define the conditions for strengthening I mental health in educational institutions. It is noted that the important priorities of the educational process in the New Ukrainian School are the formation of adolescents' practical skills of responsible behavior in relation to their lives and health, as well as the health and life of the environment and the creation of a safe environment in education. It is emphasized that the update of the existing algorithm of professional preventive and developmental activities involves: revision of the methodology of work with participants in the educational process; changing emphasis and priorities from process to result using effective methods of educational psychologist and social pedagogue. Generalized statistical and analytical data on the activities of educational and methodological centers (centers, offices, laboratories) of the psychological service in the education system indicate the provision of educational psychologists and social educators during the 2018-2019 academic years about 29, 5 million different types of psychological and socio-pedagogical assistance children, adolescents and young people invarious fields.
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Watts, W. David, and Ann Marie Ellis. "Drug Abuse and Eating Disorders: Prevention Implications." Journal of Drug Education 22, no. 3 (September 1992): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/cud9-lja4-98j6-h799.
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This article explores the relationship between drug and alcohol abuse and eating disorders in a sample of adolescent females using a self-report methodology. An Eating Disorders Risk (EDR) Scale is adopted and correlated with drug and alcohol use, other forms of deviance, family and peer relationships, and depression. The findings support the concept of a generalized theory of addictions based on psychosocial, family, and peer factors. Family and peer prevention applications and a need for further research on the correlates of depression are discussed.
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Ewald, D. Rose, Robert W. Strack, and Muhsin Michael Orsini. "Rethinking Addiction." Global Pediatric Health 6 (January 2019): 2333794X1882194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x18821943.
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Addiction is a complex and challenging condition with many contributing factors. Although addictive behaviors appear to be individual choices, behavior alterations cannot be addressed successfully without considering characteristics of the physical and social environments in which individuals live, work, and play. Exposure to chronic psychosocial stressors and the physiological response of individuals to their external environment activates the brain’s neuroendocrine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, with profound conditioning effects on behavior. This brief synopsis describes the social determinants of health; examines the interconnectedness of the psychosocial environment, behavior, and subsequent health outcomes; discusses the environment’s critical influence on brain plasticity, adaptation and functioning; and explores additional factors that complicate adolescent addiction. Because the environment is both a determinant of behavior and an opportunity for intervention, in the context of addictions, it is important to incorporate these factors in the analysis of risk and design of early interventions for prevention and amelioration of addiction.
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Naccarato, Nicole, Noah Wacker, and Lissa Gagnon. "Opioid Crisis: A Qualitative Analysis of Financial Influences and Addiction." Diversity of Research in Health Journal 4, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28984/drhj.v4i2.321.
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The province of Ontario is currently engaged in a public health crisis centered around the use of opioids. As the number of opioid-related harms continues to grow, reports have identified a need for further investigation and understanding of opioid use. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the differences in motives for opioid use amongst a diverse population. Data collection occurred by interviewing 14 participants at an Addictions Treatment Centre in Northern Ontario. Theoretical thematic analysis and an interpretive framework were used to analyze participants’ lived experiences with opioid use. Analysis of the results revealed the theme of financial influence in addiction and recovery. These insights are helpful in strengthening effective prevention and treatment strategies.
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Naumov, A. V., N. O. Khovasova, V. I. Moroz, A. D. Meshkov, T. M. Manevich, and D. V. Demenok. "Locomotive syndrome: a new view of fragility in older age." Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine, no. 3 (October 15, 2021): 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37586/2686-8636-3-2021-364-370.
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Locomotive syndrome is a geriatric syndrome that corresponds to the model of autonomy loss and the emergence of addictions due to pathology of the musculoskeletal system with a heavy medical and social burden. Combination of musculoskeletal system diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, dorsopathy, sarcopenia, neuropathy, together with impaired physical functioning are the clinical characteristics of locomotive syndrome. Only comprehensive programs, including pain treatment, the risk of osteoporetic fractures, prevention of falls, correction of sarcopenia, physical training, psychotherapeutic methods, etc., can increase the mobility of patients with locomotive syndrome and help reduce addictions in older age.
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Balhara, YatanPal Singh, and Nazneen Anwar. "BehavioR: a digital platform for prevention and management of behavioural addictions." WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health 8, no. 2 (2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2224-3151.264854.
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Shiner, Michael. "Book Review: Arresting Addictions: Drug Education and Relapse Prevention in Corrections." International Criminal Justice Review 15, no. 2 (November 2005): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1967705284130.
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Gómez San Luis, Anel Hortensia, and Ariagor Manuel Almanza Avendaño. "Barriers to addiction prevention and treatment in communities with organized crime: the perspective of health providers." Salud mental 41, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2018.010.
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Introduction. The presence of organized crime may encourage an increase in the supply of illicit substances, the incorporation of young people into crime, the promotion of substance-oriented lifestyles, and the use of violent tactics to control territories that generate insecurity and loss of social capital are generated. Objective. The purpose of this study is to determine the barriers related to the presence of organized crime for the prevention and treatment of addictions from the perspective of health staff. Method. Based on a grounded theory study, eight semi-structured focused interviews were conducted with the staff of a primary addiction care center. In the interviews, the characteristics of the center, type of services, user profiles, the most successful treatments and barriers to care were explored, emphasizing those related to the presence of organized crime in the community. The data obtained were subjected to a thematic analysis with the help of MAXQDA software version 12. Results. Thematic analysis shows that criminal organizations determine which substances are used, encourage distribution within educational contexts, establish control processes in communities, limit preventive actions and treatments, and promote lifestyles associated with consumption, which especially affect vulnerable young people at the familial, social, and economic level. Discussion and conclusion. Membership of organized crime is also linked to substance use, so those affected seek treatment in spaces where there are insufficient safety conditions and health providers to create personal strategies for their protection. The article concludes that addiction prevention implies the recovery of communities and educational spaces by state institutions, while care requires better safety conditions for users and health staff.
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Rogier, G., S. Beomonte Zobel, and P. Velotti. "COVID-19 and technological addiction: The role of loneliness." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1493.
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IntroductionThe Covid-19 outbreak has shown to negatively impact on mental health. Several anecdotical and theoretical evidences argued that lockdown measures would have increased subjective feelings of loneliness and addictions’ proneness.ObjectivesIn addition, preliminary data underlined a possible increase in the frequency of gaming and social media use. Increased loneliness levels are likely to account for increased gaming and social media addiction during the lockdown.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal study administering to a sample of 154 Italian adults several self-report questionnaires at the beginning of lockdown (Time 1) and three days before the end of the lockdown (Time 2). We therefore assessed loneliness feelings, frequency of gaming and social media use as well as both gaming and social media addiction. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling.ResultsWe observed that loneliness levels longitudinally predicted both gaming and social media addiction also controlling for gaming and social media use at Time 1.ConclusionsIncreased feelings of loneliness, a well-known risk factor for gaming and social media addiction, may be a central variable heightening vulnerability to the onset or the maintenance of technological addiction during forced social isolation. Thus, future prevention interventions may want to target this issue.
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Lacatena, Paola. "Donne e tossicodipendenza. Quando la patologia è di altro genere." MISSION, no. 53 (May 2020): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mis53-2020oa9857.
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The European Drug Report 2017: Trends and Developments, published by the Libson based European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) reports that only 20% of patients who undergo treatment for drug addiction are female (a male-female ratio of 4:1).According to the EMCDDA, the reasons for this are varied and could include issues of access and appropriateness of service provision.Using data from two trials conducted within the Department of Pathological Addictions of the Local Health Service of Taranto, this article's intent is to highlight the necessity of specific focusing in terms of health, rehabilitation programmes, and access to services for women drug consumers and addicts.Helping women addicts to become independent, making them aware of their own potential, offering them a real sense of self worth to value and defend, promoting the safeguarding of their own health; all these are essential elements of treatment and rehabilitation, for the prevention and limitation of any harm.
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Ganhao, I., M. Trigo, and A. Paixao. "Co-use of tobacco and cannabis: Complicated partnerships." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1534.
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IntroductionTreating addiction is more challenging when there are co-addictions. Tobacco smoking is commonly associated with substance abuse, alcohol use disorders, excessive caffeine intake and pathological gambling among other addictions. Smoking reduction and cessation programmes´ objectives benefit from interventions targeting co-addictions.ObjectivesDifficulties arising from smoking reduction and cessation in the context of co-use of cannabis prompt literature review and reflection of a smoking cessation programme team.MethodsPubmed and Google Scholar literature search using terms smoking cessation / tobacco cessation and cannabis.ResultsCo-use of tobacco and cannabis is: 1) very common, 2) associated with greater prevalence of morbidity and social problems, 3) associated with greater dependence of the other substances, 4) negatively influences quit outcomes of either, 5) increases the risk of relapse. Co-users are more likely to perceive the harmful effects of tobacco, have greater motivation and are more likely to quit tobacco than cannabis, which may be perceived as low risk. Treatment of either tobacco smoking or cannabis use may lead to compensatory increase in use of the other substance. There is a significant lack of literature on co-use treatment strategies.ConclusionsCo-use of tobacco and cannabis makes cessation and relapse prevention of either addiction more difficult and should be taken into account in smoking reduction and cessation programmes and in cannabis treatment interventions. Treatment targetting both tobacco and cannabis use, either simultaneously or sequentially, is likely more successful than interventions targeting only either one. Much remais to be studied on how to treat co-use of tobacco and cannabis.
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Monchalin, Lisa, and Olga Marques. "Preventing Crime and Poor Health Among Aboriginal People: The Potential for Preventative Programming." First Peoples Child & Family Review 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1068845ar.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine prevention programs, and discuss their potential for having an impact on reducing crime and poor health outcomes for Aboriginal people. A historical context is first outlined in order to provide a context for understanding the disproportionate amount of crime and related poor health outcomes affecting Aboriginal people. Risk factors for crime and health are identified, demonstrating their interrelatedness and overlapping nature, indicating that risk factors do not existing in isolation from each other. Existing crime prevention programs are subsequently discussed, paying particular attention to the intersection between evidence-based outcomes and programs offered at Aboriginal Friendship Centres. The use of prevention programs for preventing/reducing crime and related health costs (i.e. substance use/abuse, smoking, and/or addictions) has been positively established by existing research. Thus, it is suggested that these programs offered in Aboriginal centres, such as Aboriginal Friendship Centres, should be furtherexpanded and supported.
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Korolev, I. V. "Prevention of Social Addictions Among Minors: The Empirical Experience of Game Technologies." Social’naya politika i sociologiya 16, no. 3 (June 29, 2017): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2017-16-3-120-128.
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Tobeña, Adolf, Alberto Fernández-Teruel, Rosa Maria Escorihuela, Juan Francisco Núñez, Agustin Zapata, Pilar Ferré, and Rosario Sánchez. "Limits of habituation and extinction: implications for relapse prevention programs in addictions." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 32, no. 3 (May 1993): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716(93)90085-5.
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Dong, Xue, Ruxin Zhang, Simon Zhornitsky, Thang M. Le, Wuyi Wang, Chiang-Shan R. Li, and Sheng Zhang. "Depression Mediates the Relationship between Childhood Trauma and Internet Addiction in Female but Not Male Chinese Adolescents and Young Adults." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 21 (October 28, 2021): 5015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215015.
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Internet addiction is associated with a range of psychological risk factors such as childhood trauma and depression. Studies have also suggested sex differences in internet and other behavioral addictions. However, it remains unclear how childhood trauma, depression and internet addiction inter-relate differently between the sexes. A total of 1749 adolescents and young adults aged 12–27 participated in a survey of sociodemographic characteristics and standardized assessments to evaluate internet addiction (Internet Addiction Test), childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory). Mediation and path analyses were used to examine the relationship between childhood trauma, depression and internet addiction. Internet-addicted females relative to males showed more severe depression but the control participants showed the opposite. Childhood trauma was associated with depression for both internet-addicted males and females; however, internet-addicted females but not males showed significant associations between depression and the severity of internet addiction as well as between childhood trauma and the severity of internet addiction. Further, in females, depression mediated the correlations between all types of childhood trauma and the severity of internet addiction. A path analysis suggested that sexual abuse and emotional neglect contributed most significantly to internet addiction when all types of childhood trauma were examined in one model. The findings suggest sex differences in the relationship between childhood trauma, depression and internet addiction. Childhood trauma contributes to internet addiction through depression only in females. The findings may guide future prevention and intervention strategies of internet addiction.
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Draskovic, S., and S. Raicevic. "LAMOTRIGIN as Psyhostabilisation by Drug Addicts with Psychiatric Comorbidity (Personality Disorder)." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70651-0.
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Poster shows attempt to reduce aggressive and impulsive behavior to drug addicts who have co morbidity, by using medication.At he Special Hospital on Addictions in Belgrade, Serbia, for the past two years LAMOTRIGIN was introduced as a medicament in prevention of impulsive behavior and aggressive behavior by patients who are diagnosed with F60. 2,F19. 2 Test group that didn't use this medication had 35 patients, same as experimental group, All patients, both groups were given Antaxon, opioid antagonist, anti-depressive from SSRI group of medication, also Alprozalam was given for the duration of 24 weeks. By using Barratt's scale for the evaluation of impulsivity and Stuart's scale for the evaluation of aggressiveness, noted results show that LAMOTRIGIN is medication of choice for this kind of dependency. For the efficient evaluation, questionnaires were completed about eventual interventions (pharmacological treatment, psychotherapy).After all, the question remains, was the addiction one that caused personal disorder or the other way around but the is less important, most important is neutrlised addiction and destructive behavior.
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Malinowski, Michael J. "Biting the Hands that Feed “the Alligators”: A Case Study in Morbid Obesity Extremes, End-of-Life Care, and Prohibitions on Harming and Accelerating the End of Life." American Journal of Law & Medicine 44, no. 1 (March 2018): 23–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098858818763813.
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Obesity, recognized as a disease in the U.S. and at times as a terminal illness due to associated medical complications, is an American epidemic according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”), American Heart Association (“AHA”), and other authorities. More than one third of Americans (39.8% of adults and 18.5% of children) are medically obese. This article focuses on cases of “extreme morbid obesity” (“EMO”)—situations in which death is imminent without aggressive medical interventions, and bariatric surgery is the only treatment option with a realistic possibility of success. Bariatric surgeries themselves are very high risk for EMO patients. Individuals in this state have impeded mobility and are partially, if not entirely, bedridden, highly vulnerable, and dependent upon caregivers who often are enablers feeding their food addictions. The article draws from existing Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) and Social Security Administration (“SSA”) policies and procedures for severe obesity treatment and disability benefits. The discussion also encompasses myriad areas in which the law imposes a duty to report on professionals to protect vulnerable individuals from harm from others, and constraints and prohibitions on accelerating the end of life. The article proposes, among other law and policy measures, to introduce an obligation on medical professionals to investigate and report instances of enablement when food addiction has put the lives of individuals at risk of imminent death. The objectives of the proposals are to give providers more leverage to prevent food addiction enablers from impeding treatment and to enable EMO patients to comply with treatment protocols, to save lives and, ironically, to empower enablers to stand firm against the demands of individuals whose lives have been consumed by their food addictions.
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Rung, Jillian M., Sara Peck, Jay E. Hinnenkamp, Emma Preston, and Gregory J. Madden. "Changing Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice: Implications for Addictions, Prevention, and Human Health." Perspectives on Behavior Science 42, no. 3 (May 9, 2019): 397–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40614-019-00200-7.
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Potenza, Marc N. "Biological Contributions to Addictions in Adolescents and Adults: Prevention, Treatment, and Policy Implications." Journal of Adolescent Health 52, no. 2 (February 2013): S22—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.05.007.
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Lindberg, Marc A., and Dana Zeid. "Tests of the Attachment and Developmental Dynamic Systems Theory of Crime (ADDSTOC): Toward a Differential RDoC Diagnostic and Treatment Approach." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 12 (January 5, 2018): 3746–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17750353.
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The Attachment and Developmental Dynamic Systems Theory of Crime was tested on 206 male inmates. They completed measures tapping attachments, clinical issues, adverse childhood events, peer crime, and crime addictions. A significant path model was found, going from insecure parental attachments to adverse childhood events, and then on to the behavioral crime addiction and criminal peers scales. Peer crime was also predicted by insecure parent attachments and the crime addiction scale. Finally, the crime addiction, peer crime, and insecure parental attachment scales predicted frequencies of criminal behavior. The model also fit a sample of 239 female inmates. The notions of crime addiction, in this context of adverse events and insecure parental attachments, offered newer and more powerful explanations than previously offered by social learning theories on why some individuals are more likely to associate with peers engaging in criminal behavior, and also how these combine to predict degrees of criminal behavior. By moving beyond main effects models, it was found that a focus on systems of interactions was robust in theory and application. However, profile data from the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire showed that individual differences in Research Domain Criteria diagnoses are fundamental to treatment settings. Such approaches to reducing rates of recidivism and substance abuse should also enhance outcomes in many domains, including HIV prevention, costs to health care, and at the same time increase overall public safety.