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Junuzi, Benita, and Envera Aljic. "Hur arbetar äldreomsorgen i Kommun NN förebyggande mot etnisk diskriminering och hur upplever anställda det förebyggande arbetet? : En kvalitativ studie." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35477.
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Denna empiriska studie ämnade till att undersöka hur äldreomsorgen inom kommun NN (påhittat namn) arbetar förebyggande mot etnisk diskriminering samt upplevelser kring detta arbete. Studien hade en kvalitativ ansats med en psykologisk utgångspunkt där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes på både arbetstagare och enhetschefer för att sammanställa en helhetsbild av arbetet. Författarna genomförde ett målinriktat urval av organisation och därefter ett bekvämlighetsurval av respondenter. Detta resulterade i åtta deltagare (n=8) varav fyra av dessa var enhetschefer och fyra var undersköterskor, med en fördelning på tre män och fem kvinnor. En konstruerad intervjumall användes i genomförandet av intervjuerna och för resultatet användes en tematisk analysmetod. Studiens resultat visade att det förekommer brister i det förebyggande arbetet mot etnisk diskriminering på kommun NN. Information och kommunikation visade sig vara de huvudsakliga bristande faktorerna i det förebyggande arbetet mot etnisk diskriminering.This empirical study aimed to investigate how the care of the elderly in municipality NN (fictive name) works to prevent ethnic discrimination and the experiences with this work. The study was operationalized with a qualitative approach with a psychological point of view. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with both employees and unit managers to compile a holistic picture of the work. The authors conducted a targeted selection of organization and then a convenience sampling. This resulted in eight participants (n = 8) of whom four were unit managers and four were nurses, with a distribution of three men and five women. A constructed interview template was used when conducting the interviews, and for the result a thematic analysis method was used. The findings of the study showed that there is a lack of preventive efforts against ethnic discrimination in municipality NN. The inadequate factors in the preventive work against ethnic discrimination were shown to be information and communication.
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Coles, Steven. "Ethnic discrimination and mood." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31224.
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The thesis comprises of three sections relating to ethnic discrimination and depression. The first is a literature review on the relationship between discrimination and depression in Black and minority ethnic (BME) communities. The second is a research report, which considers the utility of the concepts of external shame and belongingness in explaining the relationship between ethnic discrimination and depression. The third is a critical reflection on the process of the research. Literature review: The review found evidence of a cross-sectional association between discrimination and depression, but there was a lack of methodologically robust prospective studies. Subtle forms of discrimination were found to be as important as blatant forms. Ethnic identity was found to be a generally protective factor in the relationship between discrimination and depression. The process of perceiving discrimination was found to be complex and related to ethnic identity. The utility of considering depression in terms of positive and negative affect was recommended. Research Report: This section reports on a cross-sectional study that used self-report measures. The study sampled White British (WB) and BME students. The results supported a social ranking model of the relationship between discrimination and mood. External shame was found to mediate the relationship between ethnic discrimination and negative affect for the BME and WB groups and with positive affect for the BME group. The BME group was found to report a greater frequency of ethnic discrimination than the WB group. Ethnic discrimination had a greater psychological effect on the BME group than the WB. The results did not support belongingness to ethnic community mediating the relationship between discrimination and mood for either group.
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Imani, Armin. "Ethnic stereotypes and discrimination in the workplace /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17971.pdf.
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Åberg, Aaron, and Måns Boström. "Ethnic Discrimination : A Study on Swedish Municipalities." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95973.
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This paper analyzes whether there are differences in treatment for Western-Balkan and Arabic sounding names when requesting information about the Swedish for Immigrants (SFI) program by Swedish municipalities. To answer this question, a correspondence test was conducted in which all 290 municipalities in Sweden were contacted via emails from two fictitious inquirers. We were able to gather data on six outcome variables from this correspondence test, which were chosen to measure the time and effort spent on replies to each inquirer. The results suggest that government officials provide differential treatment in favor of a Western-Balkan-sounding name, but that the outcome variables are relatively small. Moreover, we found no strong evidence for whether this differential treatment is due to taste-based or statistical discrimination. The findings in our study highlights potential consequences for immigrants with an Arabic background as limited access to the SFI program could have implications for their integration into the labor market.
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Laouénan, Morgane. "Essays in ethnic discrimination in labor markets." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1092.
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Cette thèse de doctorat a pour vocation de contribuer au débat sur l'origine de la discrimination ethnique, en se focalisant sur la population des immigrés africains en France et sur celle des Afro-américains aux Etats-Unis. Spécifiquement, en analysant des données microéconomiques françaises et américaines, elle permet d'identifier l'existence de la discrimination fondée sur le principe des préférences des employeurs et des consommateurs et leur effet sur la fragilisation de la situation économique de ces deux groupes minorés. Elle établit l'importance de la discrimination indirecte de la part des consommateurs, et suggère qu'il est primordial de connaître les origines de la discrimination ethnique pour instaurer des politiques publiques à même de lutter efficacement contre ce phénomène. Le premier chapitre propose une analyse descriptive de l'accès des actifs selon leurs origines géographiques aux emplois en contact avec la clientèle en France. Celui-ci révèle le moindre accès des immigrés en France, et des immigrés africains en particulier, aux emplois en contact avec le public. Dans le but d'analyser si les consommateurs jouent un rôle dans cette sous-représentation, le deuxième chapitre formule une stratégie de test destinée à distinguer la discrimination des consommateurs de celle des employeurs. L'existence de ces deux sources de discrimination à l'encontre des immigrés africains est ensuite prouvée à travers l'utilisation du recensement de la population française. A l'aide de la stratégie de test précédente, le troisième chapitre révèle la présence de cette source de discrimination envers les Afro-américains aux Etats-UnisThis dissertation aims at contributing to the debate on the origins of ethnic discrimination by focusing on the population of African immigrants in France, and of African-Americans in the United States. More specifically, by analyzing French and US microeconomic data, it identifies the existence of discrimination based on the principle of employers' and consumers' tastes, and their impact on the weakening of the economic situation of these two discriminated groups. It establishes the importance of consumer discrimination and suggests that it is essential to understand the origins of ethnic discrimination in order to introduce efficient public policies to overcome this phenomenon. The first chapter provides a descriptive analysis of the access to customer-contact jobs for employed individuals based on their geographic origin. It reveals a lower access for immigrants in France, and African immigrants in particular, everything else being constant. In order to analyze whether consumer discrimination plays a part in this under-representation, the second chapter builds a test strategy to disentangle consumer from employer discrimination. The existence of consumer discrimination against African immigrants is then proved using the French census. Using the aforementioned test strategy, the third chapter reveals the presence of this source of discrimination against African-Americans in the US
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Hjortsberg, Marcus. "Etnisk strukturell diskriminering i arbetslivet : när ditt namn väger tyngre än dina meriter." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-41524.
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The situation on the Swedish labour market is different in opportunities whether you are a native Swede or someone who has a foreign background. People with foreign backgrounds tend to have lower wages, higher rate of unemployment and often have temporary employment contracts. There is a conception that the Swedish culture is the standard and other foreign cultures are abnormal and different. The purpose of this study has been to investigate why there is discrimination on the labour market against ethnic minorities and how the Swedish history has contributed to the structural ethnic discrimination that we are struggling with. I have been using the right dogmatic method and a social science perspective as complement in order to answer the purpose. The legislation forbids ethnic discrimination, although the struggle is real and people get discriminated due to their ethnic heritage. Even though there are statistics and studies that confirm the ethnic discrimination on the labour market, the court cases are low and there has only been one conviction since 2002. There is a burden of proof that is controlled in the Swedish legislation, where the one who has been exposed of discrimination must proof that it is so. Then it is up to the defendant to prove the opposite. Because of this Arbetsdomstolen must take a stand whether which party is more reliable, based on both parties ability to persuade. Regarding the two cases known as the “racist cases”, Arbetsdomstolen put importance on the fact that the working atmosphere was harsh and the dialogues between the employees were tough. Even though it clearly was not considered as wanted by all, Arbetsdomstolen went with the majority and did not consider their behavior as discriminating. This could be an indicator on the fact that the structural discrimination against ethnic minorities and the idea of your own culture as the right one and the alienation against cultures that are “divergent” are deeply rooted even in authorities. All people no matter where you come from should as the law regulates have the same opportunities and rights. I believe the problem is not with the law itself, but with the people and the structure in society. We have to change the way we alienate foreign cultures and undermine them, your ethnicity doesn’t decide your qualifications.
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Martin, Nicole. "Discrimination and ethnic group identity as explanations of British ethnic minority political behaviour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:22c28eef-4f30-4174-89f9-392b4ab7bc1d.
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This thesis looks at the role of discrimination and ethnic group identity as explanations of political behaviour of ethnic minorities in Britain. Chapter 2 examines vote choice and partisanship, arguing that a group utility heuristic explains the high level of support for the Labour party among ethnic minorities. I provide individual-level evidence of this heuristic by showing that ethnic minority voters support the Labour party to the extent that they are (i) conscious of the experiences of their ethnic group members with regards to discrimination, and (ii) believe that the Labour party is the best political party to represent their interests. These two attitudes mediate the effects of group-level inequalities. Chapter 3 asks whether Muslims are alienated from mainstream politics by Islamophobia and British military intervention in Muslim countries. I find that perceptions of Islamophobia are linked with greater political alienation, to a greater likelihood of non-electoral participation, but also to a lesser likelihood of voting. Likewise, disapproval of the war in Afghanistan is associated with greater political alienation and a greater likelihood of some types of non-electoral participation. I also provide strong evidence that Muslims in Britain experience more religious discrimination than adherents of other minority religions. Chapter 4 considers the interaction between the extreme right and ethnic minority political attitudes and behaviour. I find evidence that the extreme right British National Party (BNP) increases voting for the Labour party, at the expense of minor parties and abstention. Surprisingly, the BNP effect also benefits the other main parties. Although they do not benefit in increased vote share, Liberal Democrat and Conservative party and leader evaluations are more positive where the BNP stood and performed better in 2010, which I suggest is due to the electoral contrast provided by the BNP. Chapter 5 looks at the mobilisation effect of ethnic minority candidates on ethnic minority voters. I find a positive mobilisation effect of Pakistani and Muslim Labour candidates on Pakistani and Muslim voters, conditional on someone trying to convince the respondent how to vote. I also find a demobilisation effect of Labour Muslim candidates on Sikh voters.
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Jacob, Eriksson, and Max Andreasson. "Ethnic Discrimination : A study about housing plots in municipalities." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106128.
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This study presents an investigation of ethnic discrimination in municipalities, by conducting a corresponding test, asking for information about available housing plots, and further examines if the municipalities are contributing to the ethnic discrimination in the housing market. The experiment was conducted by creating two fictitious couples, one Arabic and one Swedish, which was used in the emails, which then was sent out to all municipalities in Sweden. The corresponding test measured the callback rate, the time to receive a reply from the municipality and excluded auto generated replies from the municipalities. We present evidence of ethnic discrimination in the treatment of non natives, using the variable Reply, we found that the Arabic couple were being discriminated against on a 5 percent significance level, with them getting 8,62 percent less answers, Thus, the study's findings indicate that the Arabic couple is being disfavored, relative to the Swedish couple, when emailing municipalities. We conclude that municipalities, could be a contributing factor to the existing ethnic discrimination of non natives in the housing market.
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Wang, Yang. "Integration and discrimination of Chinese ethnic minority in Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672390.
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This thesis uses quantitative and qualitative analyses to explore the integration of Chinese minorities living in Spain – especially, of the second generation born or educated in the country – and the problems of discrimination. The main findings include, first, that Chinese immigrant youths have lower educational attainments than other ethnic minorities in Spain. Parents’ low educational background and lack of ambition for the educational attainments of their children, and Chinese immigrant youths’ high perceived discrimination play significant roles in explaining their low educational attainment. In order to get a deeper understanding of the source of such perceived discrimination, the thesis next explores the role played by coping strategies and community support on these feelings of discrimination. It finds that while many Chinese immigrant youths adopt negative coping strategies to face perceived discrimination, they compensate them with a strong social support from their own ethnic community. The community provides them with a comfortable and secure environment to live in, but also contributes their gradual segregation from the Spanish society, which further leads to discrimination. In the third part of the thesis I further explore the issue of discrimination through experimental methods. I test whether there is discrimination against Chinese minority groups by doing an experiment on the extent to which they have more difficulties than the nationals for buying and selling products in online, second-hand commodity trading markets. I also explore if any discrimination is likely to be taste-based or statistical. I find that when Chinese buyers offer to buy products for sale in the market, they receive fewer positive responses from the sellers than nationals, which demonstrates that they are discriminated against, at least in trading. However, I do not find evidence that they are discriminated against when selling products. This, and the fact that sellers and buyers adjust their responses to a change in the price in the same way regardless of the nationality of the person altering the price, leads me to conclude that they are affected mostly by statistical discrimination, i.e., that they discriminate on the basis of stereotypes about the lower socio-economic status of the Chinese ethnic minority.Esta tesis utiliza análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos para explorar la integración de las minorías chinas que viven en España -especialmente, de la segunda generación nacida o educada en el país- y los problemas que experimentan de discriminación. Los principales hallazgos incluyen, en primer lugar, que los jóvenes inmigrantes chinos tienen logros educativos más bajos que otras minorías étnicas en España. El bajo nivel educativo de los padres y la falta de ambición por los logros educativos de sus hijos, así como la alta discriminación percibida por los jóvenes inmigrantes chinos juegan un papel importante en la explicación de su bajo nivel educativo. Con el fin identificar más profundamente la fuente de tal discriminación subjetiva, la tesis explora a continuación el papel que juegan en estos sentimientos de discriminación las estrategias de afrontamiento y el apoyo de la comunidad. Concluye que mientras muchos jóvenes inmigrantes chinos adoptan estrategias de afrontamiento negativas para enfrentar la discriminación percibida, las compensan con un fuerte apoyo social de su propia comunidad étnica. La comunidad les brinda un ambiente próspero y seguro para vivir, pero también contribuye a su segregación de la sociedad española, lo que conduce aún más a la discriminación. En la tercera parte de la tesis se explora más a fondo el tema de la discriminación a través de métodos experimentales. Se evalúa si hay discriminación contra los grupos minoritarios chinos haciendo un experimento sobre la medida en que tienen más dificultades que los nacionales para comprar y vender productos en los mercados de comercio de segunda mano en línea. También se explora si es probable que la discriminación esté basada en el gusto o si es podría ser estadística. Los resultados muestran que cuando los compradores chinos ofrecen comprar productos en venta en el mercado, reciben menos respuestas positivas de los vendedores que los nacionales, lo que demuestra que son discriminados, al menos en el comercio. Sin embargo, no se encuentran evidencias de que sean discriminados cuando venden productos. Esto, y el hecho de que vendedores y compradores ajustan sus respuestas a un cambio en el precio independientemente de la nacionalidad de la persona que modifica el precio, lleva a concluir que se ven afectados mayoritariamente por formas de discriminación estadística, es decir, que son discriminados sobre la base de estereotipos que muy probablemente tienen que ver con el bajo nivel socioeconómico de la minoría étnica china.
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Bursell, Moa. "Ethnic Discrimination, Name Change and Labor Market Inequality : Mixed approaches to ethnic exclusion in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-79041.
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This thesis consists of four empirical studies on ethnic integration in the Swedish labor market. Studies I-III draw on a field experiment testing ethnic discrimination in the hiring process. Study I documents the existence of employer discrimination in response to equally merited applications with Arabic/African or Swedish names, and shows that foreign-named applicants have to send twice as many applications to receive a callback compared to Swedish-named applicants. Results also suggest that employers in female-dense occupations practice ethnic and gender compensation while employers in male-dense occupations practice only gender compensation. Study II reveals gendered differences in the intensity of employer stereotypes by testing how much more work experience is needed to eliminate the disadvantage of having an Arabic name on a job application. Results indicate a reverse gender gap, as initial differences in call-backs disappear for female applicants when CVs for Arabic-named applications are enhanced but remain strong and significant for male applicants. Study III evaluates criticism directed at residual analysis and field experiments that claims that they tell us nothing about real world discrimination and its long-term effects. By combining experimental and register data, Study III responds to this criticism by showing that the results of Study I correspond closely with real world labor market inequality of identical ‘twins’ (identified through propensity score matching) to the fictive individuals of Study I. Study IV explores the strategies underlying surname change from a Middle Eastern name to a more Swedish sounding one, drawing on 45 interviews with surname changers with a Middle Eastern background. The results indicate that immigrant name change is a pragmatic assimilation strategy. The study also illustrates how the institutional enabling of name change both creates and enables pragmatic assimilation.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Submitted. Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Manuscript.
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Clarke, Verity. "The voices of adopted mixed ethnicity children : ethnic identities, experiences of discrimination and ethnic socialisation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.679958.
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For several decades, there has been debate over whether white parents can help adopted minority ethnic children to develop a "positive" ethnic identity and cope with racism. Such debates are particularly complex for mixed ethnicity children, as there are particular practical and conceptual difficulties involved in finding them ethnic "matched" adoptive placements. Underpinned by the sociology of childhood and children's rights-based perspectives, this study addressed three research aims: a) how mixed ethnicity adopted children viewed their ethnic identities, particularly in relation to their adoptive identities; b) the children's experiences of discrimination; and c) their adoptive parents' ethnic socialisation approaches. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with adoptive parents (n=18) and children (aged 6-16, n=11). The children's adoptive identity appeared to be a more salient feature of their lives than their ethnicity. Despite most of the children reporting that they had suffered from racism and bullyi ng, the majority of adoptive parents (BME and white) had not prepared their children to cope with discrimination. However, most of the adoptive parents had actively tried to teach their children about their cultural heritage. Adoptive parents had used three different approaches to cope with the ethnic differences in their families: the "colourblind approach", the "finding similarities and acknowledging differences" approach, and the "Iegitimising differences" approach. The findings suggest that adopters need particular pre-adoption training and support to help them to prepare their children for discrimination. However, the salience of adoption in the families' lives suggest that practitioners should not focus on issues relating to children's ethnic identities and side line issues in relation to the children's adoptive identities when selecting, assessing, preparing and supporting adoptive parents.
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Lindley, Joanne K. "A further examination of racial discrimination among Britain's ethnic communities." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366174.
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Yanouri, Lamia L. "Racial/Ethnic Discrimination: Relationship to Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707296/.
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The current project used data from the Health & Retirement Study (HRS) 2016 wave and assesses the relationship between everyday racial/ethnic discrimination and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The role of acculturation and social support on this relationship was also considered. The sample size consisted of 3,994 non-Hispanic White, 1,140 non-Hispanic Black, and 842 Hispanic older adults. The results suggest that non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals endorse higher perceived everyday racial/ethnic discrimination (p < .001) in comparison to non-Hispanic White individuals. Additionally, non-Hispanic Black adults have higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings (p < .001) than non-Hispanic White and Hispanic adults. Support for the direct and moderating role of certain aspects of social support and acculturation on health outcomes/behaviors related to cardiovascular disease risk among non-Hispanic Black (R2 = .07, F(15, 415) = 2.06, p= .011) and Hispanic (R2 = .30, F(5, 34) = 2.97, p = .025) older adults, respectively, were found. The limitations and clinical implications of the study are further discussed.
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Cano, Moreno Manuel. "Acculturation-related Measures, Ethnic Discrimination, and Drinking Outcomes Among U.S. Latinos:." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108351.
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Thesis advisor: Thomas O'HareWith implications for chronic disease and mortality, alcohol-related problems represent a threat to population health. Among U.S. Latinos, the process of acculturation has traditionally been identified as a predictor of drinking outcomes. However, past research on the relationship between acculturation and drinking has varied widely, leaving uncertainties regarding the circumstances under which the relationship operates or the reasons why the relationship is observed. The present study therefore explored the intricacies of the relationship between acculturation-related measures and drinking outcomes among U.S. Latinos, highlighting within-group variation based on sex and heritage country/region and the importance of examining mediators. Using a population-based probability sample of U.S. adults (NESARC-III, 2012-2013), the present study examined data from 7,037 self-identified Latinos. Using multivariable regression analyses, the study tested relationships between various conventionally-used acculturation measures (including proxy measures and an acculturation scale) and a range of drinking outcomes: drinking status, average daily ethanol intake, and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder. Moderation analyses examined the role of sex and heritage country/region. Finally, the study employed mediation analysis to test the hypothesized role of self-reported perceived ethnic discrimination as a mediator in the relationship between acculturation-related measures and drinking outcomes. Results indicated a significant and positive, albeit modest, relationship between acculturation-related measures and a range of drinking outcomes. Many of these relationships varied by sex or heritage country/region, depending on the specific acculturation-related measure and drinking outcome examined. Notably, the link between acculturation-related measures and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder was consistent for men and women. For Latino men, results of mediation analyses indicated that self-reported perceived ethnic discrimination acted as a partial mediator in the relationship between two acculturation-related measures and past-year DSM-5 alcohol use disorder. This finding lends credence to the notion that ethnic discrimination and experiences of “othering”—which can accompany the process of acculturation—may help explain problem drinking in U.S. Latino adult men. Further research is needed to uncover the variety of experiences or structures of discrimination involved in problem drinking among U.S. Latinos. Mediators in the relationship between acculturation and problem drinking may provide opportunities for intervention to weaken this detrimental relationship
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
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Barrón, Manuel. "Exclusion and Discrimination as Sources of Inter-Ethnic Inequality in Peru." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117536.
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According to the 2003 National Household Survey, mean labour income for an indigenous worker is only 56% of that for a non-indigenous worker. Studies of ethnic discrimination in Peru’s labour markets generally find that discrimination is too low to explain inequalities of this magnitude. However, Sigma Theory (Figueroa 2003) predicts that social exclusion is a source of inter-ethnic inequality, and that has not been empirically tested. The primary aim of this paper is to fill this gap by estimating the extent to which exclusion and discrimination contribute to income inequality. Hurdle models are used to tackle down econometric endogeneity of years of schooling and truncation-at-zero of incomes. The results imply that exclusion plays a stronger role on inequality than discrimination: without exclusion, the Gini of labour income would decrease from 0.64 to 0.45, and without discrimination it would be reduced to 0.50.De acuerdo a la Enaho 2003, el ingreso promedio de un trabajador indígena es solo 56% del de un trabajador no-indígena. Sin embargo, estudios sobre discriminación étnica en los mercados laborales de Perú usualmente hallan brechas demasiado pequeñas como para explicar la desigualdad observada. De acuerdo a Figueroa (2003), la exclusión social es una fuente importante de desigualdad interétnica, pero esto no ha sido contrastado empíricamente. El objetivo central de este documento es llenar esa brecha estimando qué porcentaje de la desigualdad se debe a exclusión y qué porcentaje a discriminación, comparando directamente los efectos. La metodología econométrica utilizada (hurdle models) permite incluir en el análisis a los trabajadores con ingresos nulos y contrarrestar problemas de endogeneidad econométrica. Los resultados implican que la exclusión juega un papel más importante que la discriminación. Sin exclusión, el Gini de ingresos laborales se reduciría de 0.64 a cerca de 0.45; sin discriminación, a alrededor de 0.50.
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Ericson, Anna, and Sara Widmark. "Ethnic anti discrimination work in La Paz, Bolivia : A study of the perceptions and beliefs of the employees regarding the ethnic anti discrimination work at a public university." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-116166.
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This thesis is based on a qualitative research made on a public university in La Paz, Bolivia. The aim was to examine the beliefs and perceptions of the employees regarding the ethnic anti discrimination work at the university. As the Bolivian anti discrimination law and the constitution of 2009 has been made to improve the rights for the indigenous groups in Bolivia,we also wanted to hear if the laws have been implemented in their daily work.Seven interviews were done with the help of an interpreter, and a mix of goal oriented and snowball selection was used. Through the interviews, we found out that the ethnic anti discrimination work at the university is almost non-existing. It also showed that not much has been done to follow the law and the reforms of the constitution. This can be seen as nonperformative.Even though there are regulations about discrimination, the university is not actively working on the implementation of them. The opinion if an anti discrimination work was needed varied among the employees, as some respondents said that discrimination did not even exist at their faculty. To improve the ethnic anti discrimination work many of the respondents pointed on the need of a change in the culture. One important discussion has been about the lack of communication, information and education. These facts together with the change of culture can be seen as the most important factors to make progressions within the ethnic anti discrimination work at the university.
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Gholkar, Radha V. "The cardiovascular and psychological effects of coping with perceived ethnic / racial discrimination." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9508.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Zhao, Bo. "Racial and ethnic discrimination in urban housing markets evidence from audit studies /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Walujono, Amanda. "The Discrimination of the Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia and Perceptions of Nationality." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/508.
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Since the established literature is mostly political, economic, and social histories of modern Indonesia, my thesis will establish motivations behind the context of the discrimination of the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia with particular attention on how it affects the perception of ethnic Chinese Indonesian’s nationality. Most of the times in the established literature, the history, motivations, and consequences behind the discrimination of the ethnic Chinese are briefly summarized or put in as an afterthought. Most of the present day established literature is focused on how the now-allowed Chinese imports are starting to influence Indonesian culture and how post-Suharto regimes have taken steps to at least tolerate the ethnic Chinese population. Since Indonesia is such a new nation, it is important to establish why a key player in its initial start up economy was targeted for racism for so long. My thesis will use the thread of Dutch colonialism and the impact of Western ideologies of democracy and nationalism to explain the reasons behind ethnic Chinese discrimination in Indonesia. Thus, my thesis question will ask what are the reasons behind the discrimination of the ethnic Chinese and how it affected perception of ethnic Chinese Indonesian nationality. Furthermore, my thesis question will address all the sub-questions that come ! 4 with it such as do the roots stem from Dutch colonization or does it go back further than that? How can the ethnic Chinese be discriminated against socially when most of them are in the upper economic strata of the country? Do the native Indonesians consider the ethnic Chinese Indonesian to be proper citizens of Indonesia? Do the ethnic Chinese consider themselves as citizens of Indonesia or China? And how did different ruling regimes affect the perceptions of Chinese Indonesian nationality?
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Khan, Arubah. "Discrimination, Attachment, and Ethnic Identity as Predictors for Wellbeing and American Affirmation among Racial and Ethnic Minority University Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538727/.
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Extant literature has provided evidence suggesting that ethnic minority individuals experiencing discrimination report poor mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and an overall lower sense of belongingness with the majority culture, but empirical research examining how ethnic identity affects this relationship is extremely scarce. The first goal of the current study was to replicate the results of previous studies demonstrating a strong relationship between discrimination and selected wellbeing indicators: meaning in life, American affirmation, depression, and life satisfaction. The second goal of the study was to examine a moderation model and two moderated moderation models that depict the relationships among adult attachment, the affective component of ethnic identity, exploration and commitment to ethnic identity, and wellbeing indicators. Data was collected from 206 students who were recruited from undergraduate psychology courses. Findings provided partial support to the direct effects of discrimination on various wellbeing indicators but did not support the moderating effect of ethnic identity. Additionally, adult attachment, ethnic identity, and discrimination were not found to significantly interact, but the relationship between discrimination, ethnic identity, and American affirmation was found to be significantly moderated by the affective component of ethnic identity. Discussion on the findings, limitations of the study, future research directions, and counseling implications are addressed.
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Hajian, Sara. "Simultaneous discrimination prevention and privacy protection in data publishing and mining." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/119651.
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Data mining is an increasingly important technology for extracting useful knowledge hidden
in large collections of data. There are, however, negative social perceptions about data mining,
among which potential privacy violation and potential discrimination. The former is an
unintentional or deliberate disclosure of a user pro le or activity data as part of the output
of a data mining algorithm or as a result of data sharing. For this reason, privacy preserving
data mining has been introduced to trade o the utility of the resulting data/models for
protecting individual privacy. The latter consists of treating people unfairly on the basis
of their belonging to a speci c group. Automated data collection and data mining techniques
such as classi cation have paved the way to making automated decisions, like loan
granting/denial, insurance premium computation, etc. If the training datasets are biased
in what regards discriminatory attributes like gender, race, religion, etc., discriminatory
decisions may ensue. For this reason, anti-discrimination techniques including discrimination
discovery and prevention have been introduced in data mining. Discrimination can be
either direct or indirect. Direct discrimination occurs when decisions are made based on
discriminatory attributes. Indirect discrimination occurs when decisions are made based
on non-discriminatory attributes which are strongly correlated with biased discriminatory
ones.
In the rst part of this thesis, we tackle discrimination prevention in data mining and
propose new techniques applicable for direct or indirect discrimination prevention individually
or both at the same time. We discuss how to clean training datasets and outsourced
datasets in such a way that direct and/or indirect discriminatory decision rules are converted
to legitimate (non-discriminatory) classi cation rules. The experimental evaluations
demonstrate that the proposed techniques are e ective at removing direct and/or indirect
discrimination biases in the original dataset while preserving data quality.
In the second part of this thesis, by presenting samples of privacy violation and potential
discrimination in data mining, we argue that privacy and discrimination risks should
be tackled together. We explore the relationship between privacy preserving data mining
and discrimination prevention in data mining to design holistic approaches capable of addressing
both threats simultaneously during the knowledge discovery process. As part of
this e ort, we have investigated for the rst time the problem of discrimination and privacy
aware frequent pattern discovery, i.e. the sanitization of the collection of patterns mined
from a transaction database in such a way that neither privacy-violating nor discriminatory
inferences can be inferred on the released patterns. Moreover, we investigate the problem
of discrimination and privacy aware data publishing, i.e. transforming the data, instead of
patterns, in order to simultaneously ful ll privacy preservation and discrimination prevention.
In the above cases, it turns out that the impact of our transformation on the quality
of data or patterns is the same or only slightly higher than the impact of achieving just
privacy preservation.
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Jackson, Michael. "Isolating inequality, discrimination in the prevention of wrongful handicaps to children." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20656.pdf.
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Terrell, Billie P. "Impact of ethnic socialization, ethnic identity, and discrimination on self-esteem and parenting attitudes of middle-class African-American men." Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 2003. http://www.icsw.edu/_dissertations/terrell_2003.pdf.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- The Institute for Clinical Social Work, 2003.A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Institute of Clinical Social Work in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
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Pettersson, Jesper. "Konsekvenser av arbetsgivares språkkrav vid rekrytering : - Etnisk diskriminering eller ett lämpligt och nödvändigt medel?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-51315.
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In the light of a massive migratory movement who in 2015 resulted in more than 160 000 asylum applications in Sweden, a need for a good integration arises, which is partly linked to employment and an open labor market for everyone. The aim of this study is to investigate an employer's right to set language requirement when recruiting and what consequences this may cause for people who do not have Swedish as their native language. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, a jurisprudential method is primarily used with elements of the EU legal method. There is also a social scientific method in the study to illustrate the consequences of the language requirement. The investigation shows that an employer may set language requirement when recruiting if there is a legitimate purpose and the means used are appropriate and necessary to achieve the purpose of the language requirement, otherwise this could result in indirect discrimination on grounds of ethnicity. The conclusion shows that the law is vague regarding the application of the language requirement and an employer can easily get around the legislation with convenient arguments used in court. Two future scenarios in the analysis also shows that the impact of language requirement could lead to ethnic systematic discrimination in cases of glibly using. It can also have the opposite effect in terms of strengthening integration in the workplace and in society in cases of restrictively using.
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Thrasher, Angela D. Earp Jo Anne L. "Discrimination, distrust, and racial/ethnic disparities in antiretroviral therapy adherence by HIV+ patients." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,668.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health." Discipline: Health Behavior and Health Education; Department/School: Public Health.
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Molina, Ludwin Edgardo. "Interface of ethnic and national attachment perceptions of group discrimination as a moderator of subgroup asymmetry /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1495960141&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Desai, Miraj Upendra. "Everyday Prejudice in a Post-9/11 World: Rationalizing Ridicule." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1114627986.
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Kray, Karen P. "Operasi lilian dan kepupat conflict prevention in North Sulawesi, Indonesia /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1149887464.
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Bozic, Bojana. "Policy Approaches to Reduce Discrimination Against Minorities in Europe." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/717.
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In many European countries, despite decades of learning about the risks of discrimination and the conflicts associated with it, discrimination against minorities persists. Many have criticized European governments for not doing enough to challenge the negative stereotypes and prejudices against minority groups, especially in education and employment. In this thesis, Muslim minority groups in Bulgaria, France, and the Netherlands will be used as case studies to explore the varying dynamics underlying this discrimination and strategies that can be implemented to overcome discrimination.
This thesis will recommend a series of policy approaches in areas such as civic integration, education reform, anti-discrimination law, and monitoring and evaluation to help reduce minority discrimination European countries.
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Altunsu, Lutfi. "Ethnic Identity And Social Distance In Ankara." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608943/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate perceived group identity and the differences between select ethnic groups as well as the perceived distance and discrimination experienced by these groups from the other ethnic groups. Using the conceptual framework provided by Constructionist Theory of ethnicity and subjectivist approaches to ethnicity, as well as the theoretical insights of Symbolic Interactionism, this study explores the individual and ethnic identity, images and perceptions of the other groups, discrimination or feeling discriminated by the others, social distance between the groups, commonly shared traits among the groups, ethnic relations and interactions among the groups, and finally the future of the intergroup relations. These problem areas of the thesis are explored conducting a survey questionnaire applied to 252 people, chosen on the basis of purposive sampling, and 20 in-depth interviews in Ankara. It is found out that the ethnic identities are not salient characteristics of the members of the ethnic categories and determining factor in intergroup relations in Ankara.
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Shah, Priti. "Coping with Perceived Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in Women of Color in Graduate Education." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cps_diss/13.
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How one perceives and copes with such experiences in graduate education can have profound impact upon the personal and professional experiences of minority women in higher education. This study utilized a grounded theory approach (Glasser & Strauss, 1967; Cresswell, Fassinger, 2005) to investigate the impact of perceived racial and ethnic discrimination occurring in academia and effective methods of coping with perceived racial/ ethnic discrimination among 10 women of color in graduate education. Data sources included individual interviews and a group interview meeting. This study allowed women of color who have felt marginalized to experience a sense of connectedness as they shared their experiences as a means of coping in and of itself, and evaluated the experience of the women’s participation in the research. Lastly, institutional factors that may be useful to the personal and professional development of women of color in higher education and in combating racial and ethnic discrimination were also assessed. Emerging results demonstrated that while women of color experience a wide range experiences of racism/discrimination, overwhelmingly they experienced microaggressions –mainly a lack of visibility and minimization of racial/cultural issues. The impact of racial and ethnic discrimination and microaggressions in academic environments ranged from the personal to the professional. Coping factors included a variety of emotion-focused and problem-focused strategies, but highlighted social coping. Cognitive processes were found useful in terms of negotiating variables such as power, their ability to be educative, professional consequences, and emotional factors. Protective, educational, and institutional factors that may be helpful in moderating the impact of such experiences are discussed.
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Dominic, Johny. "The lived experience of ethnic discrimination stress in the workplace among high-achieving Adivasis." Thesis, Capella University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3685412.
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Ethnic discrimination stress (EDS) in the workplace among high-achieving Adivasis is a problem that has received little attention in research literature. This qualitative phenomenological study investigates the above problem by using Giorgi's descriptive psychological method. The method, selected due its scientific rigor, applies Husserlian concepts of phenomenological reduction, intentionality of consciousness, and imaginative variation, to identify and describe the psychological structure of the lived experience of EDS. The 15 participants in the study, selected on the basis of the scores of General Ethnic Discrimination Scale, were currently employed high-achieving male Adivasis above the age of 24. The saturation of the data was achieved with the analysis of 272 pages of interview transcripts of 10 participants. The study found that the participants had to face overt ethnic discrimination and microaggressions that were endemic and not just aberrant. The lived experience of EDS involved being constantly judged by negative stereotypes, and being exposed to marginalizing behaviors from the upper caste people. The participants believed that ethnic discrimination, in spite of their academic and career achievements, was meant to perpetuate upper caste hegemony. The resultant feelings of dehumanization, disillusionment, anger, combativeness, and helplessness from silencing led to demoralization. Coping with EDS involved an initial period of resentful submission with negative coping behaviors and a gradual movement toward change-oriented proactive responses. The findings point to a relationship between resilience and career achievement as well as to the need for both structural and paradigmatic changes in order to create a discrimination-free work environment. The findings reflect the tenets of critical race theory and call for paradigmatic changes in the caste mindset and the dominant discourse that is embedded with dehumanizing stereotypes of Adivasis that promote silencing and upper caste hegemony. The findings may be significant for mental health workers and educators to understand the inner world of discrimination and to find effective strategies for coping with EDS. By giving a scientific voice to the Adivasi struggle against discrimination, the study can support the efforts of the marginalized and the governments for the creation of a discrimination-free work environment.
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Borsato, Graciela Nora. "Perceived discrimination, racial/ethnic identity, and adjustment among Asian American and Latino early adolescents /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Shomali, Ra'id Qustandi. "I, TOO, SING AMERICA: IMMIGRANT PERCEIVED ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION AND (DIS)IDENTIFICATION WITH NATIONAL BRANDS." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1051.
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Advancements in communication and transportation have facilitated migration processes and extended the possibility of migration to many people who couldn’t afford it in the past. This movement of people from one place to another and the attached flow of human capital are potentially the most potent political and economic forces that are changing the world by promising worldwide opportunities and challenges in the century ahead. Immigration and immigrants are altering the sociocultural and economic fabric of societies across the globe, affecting the majority/minority balance and inducing profound changes in host countries. Moreover, these changes are causing friction between immigrant ethnic groups and local populations. Manifestations of these frictions may present themselves in the form of ethnic discrimination against immigrants by the dominant group in the host society. Based on an extensive literature review, a model was developed to investigate the effects of immigrant-perceived ethnic discrimination on the relationship with national brands. A multi-group structural equation modeling approach is used to test this proposed model and its hypotheses. Study findings suggest that immigrant perceived ethnic discrimination does have an effect on the immigrants’ (dis)identification with national brands and ultimately their decision to purchase national brands. This relationship is mediated by immigrants’ (dis)identification with national consumers. Moreover, findings corroborate the notion that the more perceived difference in the desired acculturation orientations between immigrants and their host society influences immigrants’ perception of ethnic discrimination. From an academic standpoint, this study contributes to two under-researched areas in the marketing literature: (1) Immigrant consumers, and (2) Effects of ethnic discrimination on consumer behavior. This study contributes to better understanding of these two areas through incorporating novel conceptualizations of acculturation orientations discordance, perceived ethnic discrimination and stereotyping into a multigroup analysis to study the effects of these phenomena on the immigrant consumer’s relationship with national brands. From a marketing practice standpoint, in an era of increased cultural pluralism and anti-immigration climate, this study informs marketers of influences on immigrant market behaviors and their relations with national brands.
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Welch, Kenneth James. "Preventive Strategies to Reduce Discrimination Lawsuits Against Restaurants." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7352.
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Discrimination lawsuits can bankrupt organizations and are a continuous problem for many organizations. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies restaurant managers used to deter discrimination lawsuits. The conceptual framework for this study was a theory of 4Cs, which represent critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity. The targeted population consisted of 10 restaurant managers who have implemented successful strategies that reduced discrimination lawsuits, work in the Boston metropolitan area, and have 10 years of recent experience in the restaurant industry. Data were collected from face-to-face semistructured interviews, direct observation, and review of company document. Data analysis included methodological triangulation. Themes emerged from data analysis, including hiring practices, employee training, and discrimination prevention policies and procedures. Managers who practice these strategies and comply with the Equal Employment Opportunity law may reduce discrimination lawsuits, which may promote the self-worth, dignity, equality, and human rights for those who might otherwise suffer discrimination. The result of these managers' practices may contribute to social change, which may reduce bias, prejudice, and create a healthy society.
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Zhang, Yunying. "Stereotypes of and discrimination against racial/ethnic minorities can media exposure help change people's racial/ethnic prejudice for the better or for the worse? /." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2005/y%5Fzhang%5F062705.pdf.
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Cain, Artwell. "Social mobility of ethnic minorities in the Netherlands : the pecularities of social class and ethnicity /." Delft : Eburon academic publishers, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413587857.
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Matti, Matthew, and Joakim Kesertzi. "Labor discrimination in the US : A study about ethnic discrimination against Hispanics in the United States’ labor market and how Donald Trump’s involvement has affected it." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105083.
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In this paper, we investigate if there is any ethnic discrimination towards Hispanics in the labor market for the US and how Donald Trump’s involvement has affected it. By comparing the income of Hispanics with White-Americans with data collected from IPUMS between the years 2010-2019. We investigated the period before and after 2016 when he got elected as the new president for the United States. We looked further into his different statements against the Hispanic population and how that might have affected the Hispanics overall. This paper result was obtained through the difference in difference model with the help of our linear probability model. From this model, a different coefficient and a dummy variable were created to get a result with accuracy for this study. The results showed that the logarithmic income for both ethnicities has decreased over time, but just slightly. Furthermore, our results indicated no increased ethnic discrimination in terms of income during our given time interval. However, we could see a difference in educational attainment. Those with higher education earned more after 2016 than previous years, which goes for Hispanics and White-Americans. We interpret the results by seeing no significant change in the Hispanic’s income level, meaning that Trump did not affect their income. However, we can conclude that there was an income gap before Trump's presidency started and that his time as president did neither increase nor decrease the gap between the two ethnicities in our research.
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Richards, Spencer M. "Mexican American Youths’ Academic Outcomes: The Role of Ethnic and Academic Socialization in Buffering Discrimination." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1102.
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The following study is a secondary data analysis of data collected in the first wave of the California Families Project investigating the impact that discrimination in academic settings may have on academic outcomes of Mexican American youths. Primary socialization theory offers a conceptual framework of competing socialization influences bearing particular relevance in understanding the role of discrimination in Mexican American youths. The present investigation also seeks to clarify the protective role of various parenting practices in regarding academic achievement. Three hundred sixty-five Mexican American families were surveyed and results indicated that discrimination significantly predicted negative academic self-efficacy and poorer academic performance in crystallized measures of ability (i.e., verbal skills) but not a performance-based task (i.e., visuospatial skills and processing speed). Findings suggested that the influence of parenting in mitigating discrimination for fifth graders is limited.
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Spell, Lindsay Joella. "Controlling the Empire: Measuring Ethnic Residential Segregation in London, 2001-2011." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1978.
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This research presents an overview of ethnic residential segregation in London, England, from 2001 to 2011 using four different methods of measurement. The purpose of the study was to both examine changes in the level of segregation among different ethnic groups between census dates and to compare various methods of measurement. Using the Index of Dissimilarity, Poulsen et al.'s (2001) typology classification and two different local statistics (Getis-Ord G* and Anselin Local Moran's I), the levels of concentration of the five main ethnic minority groups in London were measured for data from the 2001 and 2011 censuses. The five ethnic minority groups studied were: Black African, Black Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi. Of the five populations analyzed, only the Black Caribbean population showed any decrease in its overall level of segregation, while the other four all saw slight increases in segregation over the period. After comparing the four methods used, it was determined that while all offer a different perspective on the segregation of groups across space, the Anselin Local Moran's I statistic provides the most detailed result of variation in concentration across space.
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Myles, David. "Teacher bias towards visible ethnic groups in special education referrals." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26889.
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Previous research has demonstrated that students from some visible ethnic minority groups may be discriminated against by teachers and policies of many school systems. This research has reviewed evidence indicating how Black, Mexican-American and Native Indian students are accorded differential treatment by teachers. Some of the research has shown how students from some cultural minority groups are at greater risk of being inappropriately referred or placed in special classes. This form of ethnic discrimination can be harmful to those cultural minority children who are removed from the regular class setting. This problem has not been adequately researched in Canada.
Through the use of a researcher designed questionnaire, this thesis has reviewed teacher bias toward visible ethnic minority groups in special education referrals. The questionnaire consisted of nine questions regarding respondent characteristics, a fictitious case history of a grade five male student described as having some academic and behaviour problems, and nine response items regarding educational placement. The questionnaires were identical except for the brief reference to the ethnicity of the child described in the case study. The child was described as either Native Indian, Oriental, East Indian or Caucasian. A Likert-type scale was used for the subjects to rate agreement or disagreement to the nine items.
Questionnaires were sent to 591 Vancouver public elementary school teachers within 29 randomly selected elementary schools. Questionnaires were returned from 396 subjects. Some questionnaires were returned blank or incomplete, therefore, data analysis was performed on the responses of 347 subjects (58.54% of all the teachers who received the questionnaires). This sample represented about 20% of the population of Vancouver public elementary school teachers.
The results provided evidence of teacher discrimination against the child described as Native Indian. In addition, a positive bias was observed in the teacher responses for the Caucasian child and especially for the Oriental child. The teacher's responses to the questionnaire items revealed that the child described as Native Indian tended to be rated as being more suitable for placement in a special class for behaviourally disordered, would not be as likely to graduate from high school and had parents who would not be as cooperative.
Female teachers were more likely to refer the child to a class for behaviourally disordered children and less likely to expect cooperation from the child's parents, than male teachers. Teachers who taught for 21 years or longer were more likely to consider the child in the case study as being a detriment to the education of the other children. Teachers who spoke English as second language were more likely to refer the child to a class for slow learners and expect greater cooperation from the child's parents, than teachers who spoke English as their first language. In addition, Special education teachers, teachers more familiar with special education programs and teachers who had university credits in special education, rated the children in a significantly more optimistic manner than regular teachers.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Restifo, Salvatore John. "Immigrant Assimilation and Race-Ethnic Disadvantage: A Comparative Perspective on U.S. Labor Market Inequality Past and Present." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373814206.
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Tiba, Eman. "Arab Americans: The Power of Creative Expression to Combat Discrimination." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524072265195156.
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Fumarco, Luca. "Essays on discrimination in the marketplace." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-40568.
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This thesis is composed of four self-contained papers and focuses on discrimination in themarket place. Essay 1: “Disability Discrimination in the Rental Housing Market – A Field Experiment onBlind Tenants.” Although discrimination against disabled people has been investigated inthe labor market, the housing market has received less attention in this regard. This paperfocuses on the latter market and investigates whether blind tenants assisted by guide dogsare discriminated against in the rental housing market. The data are collected through afield experiment in which written applications were sent in response to onlineadvertisements posted by different types of advertisers. I find statistically significantevidence that one type of online advertiser, that is, the apartment owner (i.e., a person whoadvertises and rents out his/her own apartment(s) on his/her own), discriminates againstblind tenants, because of the presence of the guide dog, not because of the disability.According to the legislation, this behavior qualifies as illegal discrimination. Essay 2: “Does the design of correspondence studies influence the measurement of discrimination?”(co-authored with Carlsson and Rooth). Correspondence studies can identify the extent ofdiscrimination in hiring as typically defined by the law, which includes discriminationagainst ethnic minorities and females. However, as Heckman and Siegelman (1993) show,if employers act upon a group difference in the variance of unobserved variables, thismeasure of discrimination may not be very informative. This issue has essentially beenignored in the empirical literature until the recent methodological development byNeumark (2012). We apply Neumark’s method to a number of already publishedcorrespondence studies. We find the Heckman and Siegelman critique relevant forempirical work and give suggestions on how future correspondence studies may address thiscritique. Essay 3: “Does Labor Market Tightness Affect Ethnic Discrimination in Hiring?” (co-authoredwith Carlsson and Rooth). In this study, we investigate whether ethnic discriminationdepends on labor market tightness. While ranking models predict a negative relationship,the prediction of screening models is ambiguous about the direction of the relationship.Thus, the direction of the relationship is purely an empirical issue. We utilize three (butcombine into two) correspondence studies of the Swedish labor market and two distinctlydifferent measures of labor market tightness. These different measures produce very similarresults, showing that a one percent increase in labor market tightness increases ethnicdiscrimination in hiring by 0.5-0.7 percent, which is consistent with a screening model.This result stands in sharp contrast to the only previous study on this matter, Baert et al.(forthcoming), which finds evidence that supports a ranking model. Essay 4: “Relative Age Effect on Labor Market Outcomes for High Skilled Workers – Evidencefrom Soccer.” In sports and education contexts, children are divided into age groups that arearbitrary constructions based on admission dates. This age-group system is thought todetermine differences in maturity between pupils within the same group, that is, relative904627 Luca Furmaco_inl.indd 5 2015-02-24 16:58age (RA). In turn, these within-age-group maturity differences produce performance gaps,that is, relative age effects (RAEs), which might persist and affect labor market outcomes. Ianalyze the RAE on labor market outcomes using a unique dataset of a particular group ofhigh-skilled workers: soccer players in the Italian major soccer league. In line with previousstudies, evidence on the existence of an RAE in terms of representativeness is found,meaning that players born relatively early in an age group are over-represented, whileplayers born relatively late are under-represented, even accounting for specific populationtrends. Moreover, players born relatively late in an age group receive lower gross wages thanplayers born relatively early. This wage gap seems to increase with age and in the quantileof the wage distribution.
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Miller-Roenigk, Brittany D. "Ethnic Identity and Substance Misuse among Black-White Biracial Adults: Exploring Psychosocial Mediators." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592134354053732.
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Coymak, Ahmet. "Associations Of Religious Identification, Secular Identification, Perceived Discrimination, And Political Trust With Ethnic And Societal (national) Identification." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610734/index.pdf.
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The current thesis extends research in the area of multiple social identities and identity conflict by focusing on both intergroup and intraindividual process underlying structures of identities, namely, religious, ethnic, and societal (national)
identifications. In addition, it examined the influence of political trust, and perceived discrimination the relationship between ethnic and societal identification for disadvantaged ethnic groups in Turkey. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the process of identity organization both inter group and in group. While, the first study addresses intergroup differentiations of these identities, second study focused on intraindividual process of these identities'structure. Supporting hypothesis stemming from Social Identity Theory and Optimal Distinctiveness Theory, political trust and perceived discrimination have roles of mediation in the relationship ethnic and societal identification, by contrast with secular and religious identities in the relationship. Results were discussed for their implications to politic context of the Turkey.
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Rai, Rajvir K. "The relationship between perceived discrimination, intergenerational homogeneity and ethnic identity among Chinese and South Asians in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15252.
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The purpose of this study was to examine which ethnic groups resist assimilation i.e. maintain their own culture and which ethnic groups do not maintain their culture in Canada. Since Canada is a multicultural country and has an official multiculturalism policy, which supports that ethnic
group should maintain their culture in Canada. It was hypothesized that ethnic groups with stronger intergenerational (language, religion, ethnic ancestry) homogeneity and stronger perception of discrimination will have stronger ethnic identity. Stronger ethnic identity will
represent resistance to assimilate in the host country. Data from Ethnic Diversity Survey (2005) was used to examine two major ethnic groups South Asian and Chinese in Canada. Methods used for analysis were ANOVA and regression. Results show there is a relationship between perceived discrimination and strength of ethnic identity for the whole sample. Also, between the two ethnic groups, South Asians perceived discrimination and had a stronger ethnic identity as compared to Chinese. For the overall sample, a strong linear association was also found between
perceived discrimination and intergenerational language, religion and ancestry homogeneity.
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Kolle, Andre [Verfasser]. "Gender and ethnic discrimination in hiring : evidence from field experiments in the German labor market / Andre Kolle." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049520157/34.
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Joo, Jaewon. "The discursive construction of discrimination : the representation of ethnic diversity in the Korean public service broadcasting news." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/344/.
Full textAbstract:
Globalisation has intensified the international movement of labour and South Korea is no exception. Korea, which in the past was itself a labour-exporting country, has seen a reversal in human mobility since the late 1990's with a rapid growth in immigration and a transformation of a previously almost ethnically homogenous society. However, studies on migrant and ethnic minority groups in Korea have primarily focussed on such areas as industrial law and social policy. In this context, the important questions about the cultural and political implications associated with the construction of minority representations in the media have remained highly unexplored. The starting point of this study is an examination of the vital role of public service broadcasting (PSB) in Korean society, where ethnic minorities have increasingly become visible. Korean PSB's mandate, following the BBC model, emphasises the broadcaster‟s responsibility to represent and reflect the range of public opinion and experiences beyond class, age, ethnicity and ideological orientation. Despite this commitment what this study shows is that PSB in South Korea has failed to fairly represent the culturally diverse groups within Korean society. The main purpose of this study is to empirically examine the means through which PSB generates discourses of We-ness and Otherness at times of change in the Korean society. Empirically, the study focuses on primetime PSB news visual and textual representations of migrants and ethnic minorities. With the use of critical discourse analysis (CDA) it demonstrates that PSB gives a concrete form to the ideological constructions of Otherness, sometimes transforming subtle cultural or social differences into fundamental and oppositional ones. Korean PSB appears to be ideologically biased toward nationalism, while in its visual and textual representations it constructs ideological systems of social and racial stratification, with Southeast Asian migrants constantly represented as the ultimate Others. The study shows the significant role of PSB in representing cultural diversity in public debates and the ways in which such representations and their dissemination reflect media power.
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Warsame, Abdihakim Barre. "Ethnic Prejudice and Discrimination of the Somali Minority Groups : The Image Of The Other As An Enemy." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-174834.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to investigate how the mechanisms of discrimination, othering, prejudice and enemy imaging work in conflict and non-conflict zones. The study further explored if the informants stories differ when in conflict zones. Enemy images theories were used as the theoretical base to investigate how the Somali majorities construct the enemy image of the Somali minorities (The Somali Bantusand the occupational groups). The aim and research questions are answered through a comparative case study that focuses on interviewing two Somali minority groups (occupational groups and the Bantu Somalis) who have the experience and lived both in Somalia (conflict context) and Somaliland (non conflict context). The result sof the study show that the majority of Somali clans use the delimitation between “them and us” a set of values that separate the two groups and characterize the minority groups as slaves and people of low social, economic, and political status. The majority groups perceive the minority groups as a threat to their assets and corevalues. This is what has been described as "our" and "their" essence, and the final aim, which is to legitimize violence, is clear in the data. While on the other hand, the majority groups referred to themselves as superior. The results indicated that there were no differences and only similarities in the narratives of the minority groups living in both conflict and non-conflict zones. This was an interesting discovery which was against the known and expected ideal. This thesis also suggests other ways of looking at the concept of enemy images suggesting further areas of research where deemed necessary.