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1
Dorji, Phurb, Ripa Chakma, and Lekey Khandu. "Situation of PMTCT in Bhutan, 14 Years’ Experience." Bhutan Health Journal 6, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bhj.100.
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Introduction: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission activities form important part of HIV/AIDS prevention program of any community or country. Methods: Information from the PMTCT Programme from the Ministry of Health and other published literature on HIV in Bhutan were reviewed. Results: The first case of mother to child transmission was reported in Bhutan in 2001. However, the retrospective study shows that one of the earliest mothers-to- child transmissions could have taken place back in 1997. Strategies for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Bhutan have endured substantial advancement based on global scientific evidence. It is a concern as there is a slow rise in the number of HIV cases. The main modeof transmission is unsafe heterosexual practice in Bhutan. Before the planned PMTCT program, 3 children were infected. After launch of proper PMTCT program, we had all the components of effective strategies in PMCT program which have evolved with better ones with time. Due to this, MTCT was 3.2%. With undetected HIV infections, 32 children were born outside of the program and actual national MTCT rate is 5.5%. Conclusion: There is increasing number of people every year with new HIV infections. In addition, our detection gap is 45% with about 602 undiagnosed in the community. Every effort should be put forward to upscale the PMTCT program for Bhutan to eliminate Mother-to-Child transmission (MTCT) of HIV by 2020 and beyond.
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Coovadia, Ashraf Hassen, Ameena Ebrahim Goga, and Laurie Schowalter. "Call To action - Prevention of mother To child transmission of HIV." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 10, no. 4 (December 14, 2009): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v10i4.256.
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The Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT)programme is a critical intervention to reduce the incidence of paediatric HIV infections . It is also a key intervention to decrease infant, child and maternal mortality. The optimal implementation of a sound, evidence-based PMTCT programme is essential to meet both the HIV reduction targets in the National Strategic Plan1 and to achieve Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) 4 (reducing infant and child mortality) and 5 (reducing maternal mortalty).2 Since 2001, South Africa has been implementing a programme to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Since 2007, national PMTCT policy has evolved into a strong, enabling framework that should reduce vertical transmission significantly. This paper reviews the milestone studies that have contributed to our knowledge about drug regimens to reduce MTCT (mother-to-child transmission of HIV), reviews the latest South African PMTCT guidelines and the possible future changes. Strengthened / revised drug regimens for PMTCT are, essential but insufficient for measureable decreases in HIV transmission and improvements in maternal and childl health. The main challenge is implementation. Until the enhanced PMTCT policy is effectively operationalised, measureable achievements will remain elusive.
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Nurjanah, Nimas Ayu Lestari, and Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono. "Tantangan Pelaksanaan Program Prevention Of Mother To Child Transmission (PMTCT): Systematic Review." Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional 4, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jkesvo.41998.
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Background: HIV / AIDS is still a global health problem which needs to be addressed including prevention of HIV / AIDS transmission from mother to child. Prevention of transmission is carried out by implementing the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission or PMTCT program. The PMTCT program is considered successful in reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission, but this has not been done well and thoroughly, various kinds of challenges have occurred in the implementation of the PMTCT program.Objective: To know the challenges that occur in implementing the PMTCT programMethod: This study uses a systematic review based on Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) to identify all the literature published using relevant keywords.Results: challenges in implementing the PMTCT program are the lack of information on HIV treatment, lack of family support, the heavy workload experienced by health workers and the limited availability of HIV testing equipment and drug stocks.Conclusion: The success of efforts to prevent HIV / AIDS transmission from mother to child does not depend on one party only, but involves several parties, the active role of health workers in providing education and information about HIV / AIDS to mothers and their families is not enough but must be added with active roles and support from family members to HIV mothers as the primary motivator for good behavior in accordance with the guidelines for PMTCT.
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MBONYE, A. K., K. S. HANSEN, F. WAMONO, and P. MAGNUSSEN. "BARRIERS TO PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV SERVICES IN UGANDA." Journal of Biosocial Science 42, no. 2 (November 9, 2009): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193200999040x.
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SummaryUnderstanding care-seeking practices and barriers to prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV is necessary in designing effective programmes to address the high disease burden due to HIV/AIDS in Uganda. This study explored perceptions, care-seeking practices and barriers to PMTCT among young and HIV-positive women. A household survey (10,706 women aged 14–49 years), twelve focus group discussions and 66 key informant interviews were carried out between January and April 2009 in Wakiso district, central Uganda. Results show that access to PMTCT services (family planning, HIV counselling and testing and delivery at health units) was poor. Decision making was an important factor in accessing PMTCT services. Socioeconomic factors (wealth quintile, age, education level) and institutional practices also influenced access to PMTCT. Overall, having had an HIV test was highest when both men and women made decisions together or when women were empowered to make their own decisions. This was significant across wealth quintiles (p=0.0001), age groups (p=0.0001) and education levels (p=0.0001). The least level of HIV testing was when men made decisions for their spouses; and this was the case with family planning and deliveries at health units. Other barriers to PMTCT were fear of women and male spouses to have an HIV test and the perception that HIV testing is compulsory in antenatal clinics. In conclusion, to increase access to PMTCT among women, especially the young, poor and least educated, there is a need to empower them to make decisions on health seeking, and also to empower men to support their spouses to make good decisions. Other barriers like fear of having an HIV test should be addressed through appropriate counselling of clients.
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Chairunnisa, Miftah, and Kanthi Devi Ayuningtyas. "Barriers of PMTCT (Prevention Mother to Child Transmission) Program: Systematic Review." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 7, no. 3 (December 16, 2020): 376–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v7i3.art.p376-388.
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HIV infection during pregnancy is a serious problem that requires special attention because the number of case increasing every year. According to UNAIDS data, more than 36.9 million people were living with HIV on 2017. An increase of 1.8 million new cases and 940,000 deaths occurs in the same year. In Indonesia especially, there were about 630,000 HIV cases on 2017 and nearly 49,000 new cases reported. This number consists of cases of vertical transmission from mother to child during pregnancy. The government has implemented PMTCT (Prevention Mother to Child Transmission) program as a solution to reduce the number of HIV cases. Nevertheless this program has not been running well due to several barriers regarding to its implementation. This study aimed to provide an understanding of various barriers to PMTCT program implementation. A systematic review approach by PRISMA design was used to study literatures from databases. Stigma or discrimination from community and health care, experienced by HIV patients, was major barrier that impede PMTCT program. In addition, lack of support from partner or family, depression, economic factors, stigma from health workers, and health workers’ income-workload discrepancy were also significantly affected the implementation. Contrary, the active role of health workers to provide counseling and education about HIV/AIDS among community as well as to client’s families was a success key of PMTCT program.
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Badriah, Fase, Minsarnawati Tahangnacca, Raihana Alkaff, Takeru Abe, and Laily Hanifah. "Implementation of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Program in South Jakarta." Kesmas: National Public Health Journal 12, no. 4 (May 2, 2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v12i4.1707.
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Even though Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) program has been running in Indonesia since 2006, the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women remains high in some districts in Indonesia. The PMTCT program aims to reduce transmission of HIV from mother to child. Thus it requires an examination of the PMTCT program implementation. The study was a qualitative study on PMTCT program implementation in South Jakarta, Indonesia, whereas the proportion of children with HIV positive in the area was quite high. The analysis used domain analysis by looking the implementation of PMTCT as a system consisting of input, process and output. PMTCT strategy is based on a comprehensive four-pronged strategy. This study found that scaling-up communication and education about PMTCT program from health provider to community was needed. In the first prong, there was no specific health provider for PMTCT program, it was still integrated with the MCH staff. PMTCT program did not disseminate information to the community.Therefore, it seemed that it was underutilized. In the second prong, implementation of HIV testing and counseling for couples of women living with HIV remained a bottleneck because women living with HIV felt fear to inform their HIV status to their partners. Thus, counseling and HIV testing for couples have not benefited at all. These women were unsatisfied with the quality of counseling, and the failure to provide antiretroviral treatments. This study found the low coverage and less responsiveness of PMTCT program to build a network of partners with various elements of government.
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Luoga, Ezekiel, and Anna Gamell. "Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV – an Update from Rural Africa." Praxis 108, no. 15 (November 2019): 977–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003335.
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Abstract. Sub-Saharan Africa is home of 85 % of pregnant women living with HIV and 90 % of HIV-infected children. WHO issued the first prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) recommendations in 2000. These guidelines have been revised to incorporate new evidence and align with the goal of universal treatment access and zero infections among children. Currently, 82 % of HIV-infected pregnant women receive antiretroviral treatment, and infections among children have halved since 2010. However, in 2018, 160,000 children became infected. Reasons hindering the success of PMTCT are: a) non-universal HIV testing during pregnancy; b) low retention through the PMTCT cascade; and c) missed opportunities to diagnose women who acquire HIV while pregnant or breastfeeding. To address these gaps innovative strategies are needed.
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Burton, Rosie, Janet Giddy, and Kathryn Stinson. "Prevention of mother-to-child transmission in South Africa: an ever-changing landscape." Obstetric Medicine 8, no. 1 (February 6, 2015): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753495x15570994.
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Almost 30% of pregnant women attending public health clinics in South Africa are HIV positive; which represents approximately 280,000 women each year. South Africa has the largest antiretroviral therapy programme in the world, with over 2.7 million people on treatment in 2013. Since its belated and controversial beginning, the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission programme has achieved a substantial reduction in vertical transmission. South Africa is justifiably proud of this success. However, the history of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) and antiretroviral therapy programmes in South Africa has been fraught with delays and political intervention. South Africa could have started both PMTCT and antiretroviral therapy programmes in 2000. Instead, the AIDS denialist views of the government allowed the HIV epidemic to spiral out of control. Roll-out of a national PMTCT programme began in 2002, but only after the government was forced to do so by a Constitutional Court ruling. Now, a decade later, HIV treatment and prevention programmes have been completely transformed. This article will discuss the evolution of the HIV epidemic in South Africa, and give a historical overview of the struggle to establish a national PMTCT, and the impact of delaying PMTCT and treatment programmes on infant and maternal health.
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Sitohang, Marya Yenita. "Utilization Factors of Prevention Mother to Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT) Program Among Pregnant Women." Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities 7, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v7i2.144.
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HIV transmission patterns had changed from high-risk groups to the group of housewives. Housewives will get pregnant and give birth. The possibility of a child contracting HIV from his mother can be prevented by utilizing the PMTCT program optimally. The objective of this research is to analyze the internal and external factors of PMTCT program utilization for pregnant women. This research used a critical review of previous studies (2009-2017). Social structures (education, occupation, and economic status) were not significantly related to the behavior of PMTCT program utilization. However, the availability of information and consultation with health officers (external factors) related to the knowledge and perception of pregnant women about HIV and the PMTCT program (internal factors). Good knowledge and perception would connect with the behavior of PMTCT program utilization. Negative stigma (external factor) from the family, community, and health officer made pregnant women reluctant to utilize the PMTCT program optimally. In conclusion, the need for increasing the quality of health services to become client-oriented as of widening the scope and optimization of the PMTCT program.
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Widayanti, Linda Prasetyaning. "Evaluasi PMTCT (Prevention Mother To Child Transmission) pada IRT dengan HIV di Jatim." Journal of Health Science and Prevention 4, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/jhsp.v4i1.310.
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HIV/AIDS dengan proporsi penularan dari ibu ke bayi sebesar lebih dari 1% di masyarakat merupakan indikator dari kondisi generalized level. Kondisi ini merupakan keadaan gawat darurat dimana penularan dari ibu ke bayi sudah sangat tinggi. Papua dan Afrika merupakan contoh daerah dengan generalized level. Program PMTCT adalah salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk mencegah meluasnya penularan HIV dari ibu ke bayinya utamanya saat ibu sedang hamil atau bersalin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan evaluasi penerapan PMTCT pada ibu rumah tangga dengan HIV di Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kualitatif dengan teknik sampling non randome yaitu purposive sampling. Terdapat 6 orang ibu rumah tangga dengan HIV dari 6 kota/kabupaten di Jawa Timur, dan terdapat 6 petugas KPA, program dan LSM yang menjadi responden untuk triangulasi. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah in depth interview. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar kegiatan dari prong 1 sampai prong 4 program PMTCT telah dilaksanakan sesuai Permenkes RI No 51 Tahun 2013 tentang Pedoman Pencegahan Penularan HIV dari Ibu ke Anak. Namun ada beberapa aspek yang masih kurang baik dalam pelaksanaan PMTCT terutama follow up bagi ibu yang negatif HIV dan home visit yang perlu perhatian khusus dari pemegang kebijakan program.
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Tilahun, Marelign, and Shikur Mohamed. "Male Partners’ Involvement in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Associated Factors in Arba Minch Town and Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/763876.
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Background. Male involvement is an important determinant of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. However, male involvement in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Ethiopia is not well known.Objectives. To assess male partners involvement in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and associated factors in Arba Minch town and Arba Minch Zuria woreda.Methods. Community based study was conducted in Arba Minch town and Arba Minch Zuria district. Multistage sampling technique was used and data were collected using interviewer administered standard questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the presence of statistically significant associations between the outcome variable and the independent variables.Results. The level of male involvement in PMTCT program in Arba Minch town and Zuria district was 53%. Several factors appear to contribute to male involvement in the PMTCT program including age, residence, education level, knowledge on HIV, knowledge on PMTCT, accessibility of health facility, having weak perception for male involvement in PMTCT, having perception of ANC attendance being females’ responsibility, ever use of khat, and ever use of cigarette.Conclusion. Geographical accessibility of health facility and male’s knowledge on PMTCT should be improved to increase their involvement in PMTCT.
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Mutabazi, Jean Claude, Pascal Roland Enok Bonong, Helen Trottier, Lisa Jayne Ware, Shane A. Norris, Katherine Murphy, Naomi Levitt, and Christina Zarowsky. "Integrating gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes care into primary health care: Lessons from prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in South Africa - A mixed methods study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245229.
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Background Implementation of the programmes for the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) into antenatal care over the last three decades could inform implementation of interventions for other health challenges such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study assessed PMTCT outcomes, and how GDM screening, care, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) prevention were integrated into PMTCT in Western Cape (WC), South Africa. Methods A convergent mixed methods and triangulation design were used. Content and thematic analysis of PMTCT-related policy documents and of 30 semi-structured interviews with HIV/PMTCT experts, health care workers and women under PMTC diagnosed with GDM complement quantitative longitudinal analysis of PMTCT implementation indicators across the WC for 2012–2017. Results Provincial PMTCT and Post Natal Care (PNC) documents emphasized the importance of PMTCT, but GDM screening and T2DM prevention were not covered. Data on women with both HIV and GDM were not available and GDM screening was not integrated into PMTCT. Women who attended HIV counselling and testing annually increased at 17.8% (95% CI: 12.9% - 22.0%), while women who delivered under PMTCT increased at 3.1% (95% CI: 0.6% - 5.9%) annually in the WC. All 30 respondents favour integrating GDM screening and T2DM prevention initiatives into PMTCT. Conclusion PMTCT programmes have not yet integrated GDM care. However, Western Cape PMTCT integration experience suggests that antenatal GDM screening and post-partum initiatives for preventing or delaying T2DM can be successfully integrated into PMTCT and primary care.
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Wulandari, Riski. "Effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) programs in Indonesia: Literature review." Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases 6, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32667/ijid.v6i1.89.
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Ibu hamil dengan HIV memiliki banyak resiko bagi Ibu maupun janin diantaranya kecacatan janin, kehamilan prematur, bayi lahir rendah hingga kematian pada bayi lahir, kondisi tersebut dapat meningkat jika perempuan tidak memperoleh pelayanan prakonsepsi dan layanan keluarga berencana yang sesuai dengan HIV. Perempuan HIV mungkin tidak menyadari mereka hamil, bagaimana cara mencegah, merencanakan kehamilan atau mengurangi resiko penularan HIV pada bayi. Pencarian literatur secara online database pada EBSCOHOST, Google Scholar dan Scopus dengan kata kunci PMTCT AND Indonesia diperoleh total 301 artikel, kemudian melakukan review abstrak sehingga dihasilkan lima artikel terpilih. Makna yang diperoleh dari artikel-artikrl tersebut yaitu tercapainya program PMTCT di Indonesia yang bergantung pada kesiapan tenaga kesehatan untuk pelayanan ibu hamil. Telaah literatur mendapatkan dua point penting yaitu intervensi yang dapat meningkatkan pelayanan dan hambatan pada pelayanan program PMTCT. Program tersebut memerlukan peran serta pemerintah untuk dapat melakukan pelatihan kembali pada tenaga kesehatan terkait pelaksanaan program PMTCT untuk dapat dilakukan di komunitas, meningkatkan komunikasi yang komprehensif.
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Haeri Mazanderani, Ahmad, and Gayle G. Sherman. "Evolving complexities of infant HIV diagnosis within Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission programs." F1000Research 8 (September 13, 2019): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19637.1.
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Early diagnosis of HIV infection among infants and children is critical as prompt initiation of antiretroviral therapy prevents morbidity and death. Yet despite advances in the accuracy and availability of infant HIV diagnostic testing, there are increasing challenges with making an early definitive diagnosis. These challenges relate primarily to advances in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Although PMTCT programs have proven to be highly effective in reducing infant HIV infection, infants who are HIV-infected may achieve virological suppression and loss of detectability of HIV nucleic acid prior to diagnosis because of antiretroviral drug exposure. Hence, false-negative and indeterminate HIV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results can occur, especially among high-risk infants given multi-drug prophylactic regimens. However, the infant HIV diagnostic landscape is also complicated by the inevitable decline in the positive predictive value of early infant diagnosis (EID) assays. As PMTCT programs successfully reduce the mother-to-child transmission rate, the proportion of false-positive EID results will increase. Consequently, false-negative and false-positive HIV PCR results are increasingly likely despite highly accurate diagnostic assays. The problem is compounded by the seemingly intractable prevalence of maternal HIV within some settings, resulting in a considerable absolute burden of HIV-infected infants despite a low mother-to-child transmission rate.
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Hampanda, Karen. "Vertical Transmission of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: Applying Theoretical Frameworks to Understand Social Barriers to PMTCT." ISRN Infectious Diseases 2013 (September 24, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/420361.
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In sub-Saharan Africa, over 1,000 newborns are infected with HIV every day, despite available medical interventions. Pediatric HIV is a large contributor to the high rates, the largest in the world, of infant and child mortality in this region. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) can dramatically reduce the risk of infection for the infant during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. Throughout most urban areas of Africa, free medications are readily available. However, approximately 50% of HIV-positive pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa are not accessing or adhering to the necessary medications to prevent mother-to-child transmission. In order for this region to eliminate the vertical transmission of HIV and meet the Millennium Development Goals, interventions need to move beyond the individual-level and address the structural and social barriers preventing women from utilizing PMTCT services. This paper reviews current literature on PMTCT interventions in sub-Saharan Africa from 2006–2012, specifically examining theoretical underpinnings. Overwhelmingly, the approach has been education and counseling. This paper calls to action a paradigm shift to a social ecological approach that addresses barriers at all societal levels, especially gender inequality, enabling a much greater impact on mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
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Ernawati, Ernawati, and Siti Aisah. "THE PRACTICE OF MOTHER WITH HIV/AIDS IN ORDER TO PREVENT INFECTION TRANSMISSION TO THE CHILD." INDONESIAN NURSING JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND CLINIC (INJEC) 1, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24990/injec.v1i1.55.
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Introduction: HIV/AIDS as problems not only for adult, but these epidemic direct and indirect influence at children and families. Since 2005 UNICEF others seizing the initiate to against campaign with programedprevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Purpose of the research to exploration practice of mother HIV/AIDS positive to prevention infection to child. Located of the research in Kudus regency Central Java. Methods: Qualitative research methods by case studies conducted In-depth interviews on twelve HIV-positive mothers werepurposively selected. The triangulation to a case manager of HIV/AID and families. Data processing used manual of the thematic content analysis. Results: The results found after diagnosed HIV status, mother's good practices as sexual safe practice, Condom used, preventive pregnancies caused psychological trauma. ART consumtive since 26 weeks of gestation for preventive infection to child. Discussion:Most of them have families support, but stigmaanddiscrimination by health provider and public government. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, PMTCT, Preventive practice
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Erliana, Nina, Antono Suryoputro, and Syamsulhuda Budi Mustofa. "Gambaran Pelaksanaan Prevention Mother to Child Transmission di RSUD Kelas B Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Kabupaten Bojonegoro." Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia 11, no. 2 (August 18, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpki.11.2.1-17.
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ABSTRACTEast Java Province in 2014 is the second of a number of provinces in Indonesia which has the prevalence of HIV/AIDS , in Bojonegoro (2015) being the order to -8 from 38 districts/cities in East Java as many as 718 cases of HIV/AIDS , in hospital Class B Dr . R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo district of Bojonegoro (2015) there were 178 people in inpatient and outpatient 1126 people with HIV/AIDS cases and 819 pregnant women only 6 were examined HIV in PMTCT services. This research will be conducted to analyze and describe the implementation of the PMTCT program In the Hospital Class B Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro. This research is a qualitative descriptive exploratory with technique -indepth interviews against 5 key informants (5 Midwifes and 3 Specialist Doctors) and 5 informants triangulation (2 Midwiifes and 3 mothers who follow the PMTCT programs). The results are In the Hospital Class B Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro haven’t the relevant Director’s SK PMTCT program, but the program is alreadyrun by Director’s SK of Organizational Structure of KPA in Hospital Class B Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo district of Bojonegoro which there PMTCT program implementation team as much as 5 people Midwives (which is already implementing PMTCT training Midwives 3) but never implement PMTCT program socialization to other health personnel at the hospital. PMTCT program is only implemented prongs 3 and 4 only, whereas prongs 1 and 2 has not been implemented because the patients who visit the PMTCT services are integrated in the KIA services only pregnant women, while the given information PMTCT and HIV testing is also only pregnant women who are at risk only , not on any pregnant women who visit. While it has never been no regular schedule related to evaluation and monitoring of the KPA and Bojonegoro District Health Office, but Hospital Class B Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo district of Bojonegoro regularly every month a report on the case of HIV/AIDS.Keywords: HIV/AIDS , pregnant women , PMTCT .
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Giri, Ketut Espana, Ni Made Sri Nopiyani, and Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati. "Barriers and opportunities for implementing prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) in Bangli District." Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/phpma.v5i1.46.
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Background and purpose: HIV testing among pregnant women can reduce the risk of mother to child HIV transmission. The implementation of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) program in Bangli District is suboptimal. This study aims to explore challenges and opportunities for implementing PMTCT program from both user and provider perspectives.Methods: A qualitative approach was conducted in Bangli District between April and May 2016. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 18 informants. All informants were purposively selected and covered of 10 pregnant women, two counsellors, two laboratory analysts, two head of community health centres, one disease control officer from Bangli District Health Office and one officer from Bangli District AIDS Commission. Data were analysed using thematic method.Results: Pregnant women chose to have ANC service at private midwife and obstetrician instead of public health centre. From health providers’ perspectives barrier of PMTCT implementation included lack of health human resources and a high level of stigma and discrimination related to HIV/AIDS in the community. This study revealed that there was an opportunity for PMTCT implementation in Bangli District due to positive attitudes and supports from husband and health provider toward HIV testing. Another opportunity is to involve village health cadres and community leaders in promoting HIV testing among pregnant women.Conclusions: Implementation of PMTCT program in health centre should include network of private practitioner and enhance village health cadres’ and community leaders’ participation.
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Okoko, Nicollate A., Kevin O. Owuor, Jayne L. Kulzer, George O. Owino, Irene A. Ogolla, Ronald W. Wandera, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, Craig R. Cohen, and Lisa L. Abuogi. "Factors associated with mother to child transmission of HIV despite overall low transmission rates in HIV-exposed infants in rural Kenya." International Journal of STD & AIDS 28, no. 12 (February 9, 2017): 1215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462417693735.
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Despite the availability of efficacious prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions and improved access to preventive services in many developing countries, vertical HIV transmission persists. A matched case–control study of HIV-exposed infants between January and June 2012 was conducted at 20 clinics in Kenya. Cases were HIV-infected infants and controls were exposed, uninfected infants. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine characteristics associated with HIV infection. Forty-five cases and 45 controls were compared. Characteristics associated with HIV-infection included poor PMTCT service uptake such as late infant enrollment (odds ratio [OR]: 7.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6–16.7) and poor adherence to infant prophylaxis (OR: 8.3, 95%CI: 3.2–21.4). Maternal characteristics associated with MTCT included lack of awareness of HIV status (OR: 5.6, 95%CI: 2.2–14.5), failure to access antiretroviral prophylaxis (OR: 22.2, 95%CI: 5.8–84.6), and poor adherence (OR: 8.1, 95%CI: 3.7–17.8). Lack of clinic-based HIV education (OR: 7.7, 95%CI: 2.0–25.0) and counseling (OR: 8.3, 95%CI: 2.2–33.3) were reported by mothers of cases. Poor uptake of PMTCT services and a reported absence of HIV education and counseling at the clinic were associated with MTCT. More emphasis on high-quality, comprehensive PMTCT service provision are urgently needed to minimize HIV transmission to children.
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Marleni, Wisuda Andeka. "IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAMPREVENTIONMOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION (PMTCT) DI KOTA BENGKULU TAHUN 2014." JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN 9, no. 2 (November 15, 2018): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33088/jmk.v9i2.301.
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Human Immunideficiency Virus (HIV) can be transmitted through a variety ofways, one is through transmission from the mother to her unborn child / mother to childtransmission (MTCT). According to the risk factors, the spread of AIDS in Indonesia January-June 2012 was dominated by heterosexuals 82.6%, 6.6% of injecting drug users, MSM asmuch as 3.6%, and 4.2% mother to child. The purpose of this research is to examine how theimplementation of the program for prevention of HIV / AIDS from mother to baby orPrevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) in the city of Bengkulu. This researchuses the description exploratory study with a qualitative approach, conducted at the VCTclinic Hospital Dr. M.Yunus Bengkulu. Subject or primary informants in this research arepregnant women with HIV acquired the snowball technique and secondary informant astriangulation is the executive officer in the VCT clinic. The analysis showed the limitednumber of human resources for PMTCT program in RS M Yunus so it still takes energycounselors and activity funds for promotive not been allocated, in addition to the activitiesthey lead to VCT yet to PMTCT and socialization PMTCT is still within the scope of anindividual when pregnant women PLWHA consul in VCT and not run when the ANC inother health care (17 T is not already running). Based on this is expected to improve thequality of human resources and also implementing PMTCT programs for relevant agencies tosupport policies and is committed to the program and the budget allocation socializationPMTCT program to health centers in the province of Bengkulu.
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Wilson, Nicholas. "At-scale evidence from 26 national household surveys on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV cascade." Health Policy and Planning 34, no. 7 (August 4, 2019): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz073.
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Abstract Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) can virtually eliminate vertical HIV transmission, yet more than 160 000 children were newly infected with HIV in 2016. We conducted a pooled analysis of national household surveys from 26 sub-Saharan African countries and calculated PMTCT coverage and access using unconditional and conditional likelihoods. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for country of residence was used to measure the association between socio-demographic factors and PMTCT coverage. The largest loss in the PMTCT cascade access occurred at being offered a HIV test at an antenatal care (ANC) clinic visit, with only 62.6% of women visiting an ANC clinic being offered a HIV test. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for country of residence indicated that completing primary school was associated with a higher likelihood of completing each step in the PMTCT cascade, including being offered a HIV test [odds ratio 2.18 (95% CI: 2.09–2.26)]. Urban residence was associated with a higher likelihood of completing each step in the PMTCT cascade, including being offered a HIV test [odds ratio 2.23 (95% CI: 2.15–2.30)]. To increase progression through the PMTCT cascade, policy-makers should target the likelihood an ANC client is offered a HIV test and the likelihood of facility delivery, steps where access is the lowest. Low educational attainment women and women in rural areas appear to have the lowest coverage in the cascade, suggesting that policy-makers target these individuals.
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Mnyani, Coceka Nandipha, and James McIntyre. "Challenges to delivering quality care in a prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programme in Soweto, South Africa." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 14, no. 2 (June 4, 2013): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v14i2.80.
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Objectives: There has been little focus on quality of care provided in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services in South Africa. We assessed quality of care in PMTCT services in Soweto, South Africa, focusing on knowledge and experiences of healthcare workers and HIV-infected pregnant women accessing the services. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November and December 2009. A total of 201 HIV-infected pregnant women and 80 healthcare workers, from 10 antenatal clinics, were interviewed using standardised questionnaires. Results: The median gestational age at first antenatal visit was 20 weeks and 32 weeks at the time of the interview. The majority of the women, 71.5%, discovered that they were HIV-infected in the index pregnancy, and 87.9% disclosed their HIV status. Overall, 97.5% received counselling and 33.5% were members of a support group. Knowledge of antenatal and intrapartum PMTCT interventions was correct in 62.7% and 43.3% of the women, respectively. Support group membership and current use of antiretroviral prophylaxis did not impact on the quality of knowledge. Of the healthcare workers, 43.8% were professional nurses and 37.5% were lay counsellors. The majority, 80.0%, felt satisfied with their knowledge of PMTCT guidelines and 96.3% felt competent in managing HIV-infected pregnant women. Yet, there were important deficiencies in knowledge of the guidelines. Conclusion: In our study, knowledge of PMTCT interventions was low in both clients and healthcare workers. These findings point to a need to improve quality of care in PMTCT services, especially with increasingly complex PMTCT interventions recommended by international policies.
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Nahar, Shamsun, SM Khaliduzzaman, Parul Akter, and Zannatul Ferdous Jesmin. "Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission in HIV Antenatal and Postnatal Screening in Khulna Medical College." Medicine Today 33, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v33i01.52150.
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Introduction: Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) program, offers a range of services for women of reproductive age living with or at risk of HIV to maintain health and stop their infants from acquiring HIV. PMTCT services should be commenced before conception and throughout pregnancy, labor and breast feeding. Around 1.4 million HIV infections among children were prevented between 2010 and 2018 by PMTCT program. UNFPO started antenatal screening program in collaboration with AIDS/STD program in Bangladesh from 2013, in 12 centers (BSMMU, 4 Medical College Hospitals, 3 Sadar Hospitals, 3 Health Complexes and Memon Maternity Hospital, Chittagong).
Materials and Methods: Observational study of Antenatal and postnatal cases in HIV screening in KMCH during the period of Nov’2017 to March’2020.
Results: From November 2017 to March 2020, total 18,911 patients screened, 11 patients were found HIV positive. 2 patients dropped out. Among 9 patients, 6 patients were detected in antenatal and 3 in postnatal period. 6 patients had vaginal delivery, 2 elective caesarean section and 1 patient had abortion. Screening was done by Alere Determine HIV- ½ Ag/Ab Combotest and diagnosis was confirmed by Uni-Gold HIV Rapid Test and First Response HIV 1-2-0 Card test.
Conclusion: Following confirmation, ARV started with proper counseling. All babies were breast fed. The neonates were screened by PCR at their age of 45 days and found negative. WHO guideline was strictly maintained during labor conduction and cesarean sections. PMTCT program should be expanded in all institutions to detect cases, reduce transmission, contraception counselling to reduce confirmed cases.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(1): 7-11
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Barker, Pierre, Timothy Quick, Bruce Agins, Nigel Rollins, Tin Tin Sint, and Amy F. Stern. "A 6-Country Collaborative Quality Improvement Initiative to Improve Nutrition and Decrease Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Mother–Infant Pairs." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 18 (January 1, 2019): 232595821985562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958219855625.
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Despite advances in coverage and quality of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs, infant protection from postnatal HIV infection remains an issue in high HIV-burdened countries. We designed a quality improvement (QI) intervention—the Partnership for HIV-Free Survival (PHFS)—to improve infant survival. PHFS convened leaders in 6 sub-Saharan African nations to discover together the best strategies for implementing and scaling up existing PMTCT protocols to ensure optimal health of mother–baby pairs and HIV-free infant survival. We used 3 core technical components—rapid adaptive design, collaborative learning, and scale-up/sustainability designs—to test strategies for accelerating effective PMTCT programming in complex, resource-poor settings. Learning generated included the need for increased ownership and codesign of improvement initiatives with Ministries of Health, better integration of initiatives into existing programs, and the need to sustain QI capability throughout the system. PHFS can serve as a design prototype for future global networks aiming to accelerate improvement, learning, and results.
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Isni, Khoiriyah, Zahroh Shaluhiyah, and Kusyogo Cahyo. "Pengetahuan Ibu HIV Mempengaruhi Perilaku Pencegahan Penularan HIV/AIDS dari Ibu ke Bayi di Provinsi Jawa Tengah." Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia 12, no. 2 (August 16, 2017): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpki.12.2.238-250.
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ABSTRAKPMTCT merupakan program pemerintah untuk menekan terjadinya penularan HIV/AIDS ke bayi. Inti dari kegiatan PMTCT adalah strategi mencegah terjadinya penularan HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke bayi pada ibu hamil yang telah terinfeksi HIV. Namun masih terdapat ibu HIV yang terlambat mengetahui status HIV sehingga tidak ikut serta dalam PMTCT. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perilaku ibu HIV dalam upaya mencegah penularan HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke bayi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 32 ibu HIV yang memiliki balita di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi, bivariat menggunakan Chi-Square dan Fisher Exact, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku ibu HIV dalam pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke bayi adalah usia bayi, waktu diketahui status HIV, waktu mulai mengikuti ARV, keikutsertaan PMTCT, waktu mulai mengikuti PMTCT, dan pengetahuan. Sedangkan faktor yang paling dominan terhadap perilaku ibu HIV dalam pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke bayi adalah pengetahuan. Dari penelitian ini, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan dapat mempengaruhi perilaku ibu HIV dalam pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke bayi.Kata kunci : Ibu HIV, Pencegahan Penularan HIV/ADS dari ibu ke bayi, Provinsi Jawa TengahABSTRACTBehavior of HIV-Positive Mothers in Prevention Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS in Central Java ProvincePMTCT was government program to suppres HIV/AIDS and child. The point of PMTCT activities was a strategy to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission from mothers living with HIV/AIDS to their child. However, there were mothers living with HIV/AIDS who have been too late knowing their status HIV status so that they did not join PMTCT. This study aims to learn about HIV-positive mothers behavior in preventing of HIV/AIDS transmission from mother to child. This research was a quantitative with cross sectional approach. The data was collected from 32 mothers living with HIV/AIDS who had toddler babies in Central Java Province. Data were analyzed using univariate with frequency distribution, bivariate with chi square and fisher exact, and multivariate with logistic regression. The result showed that the variable which correlated towards behavior of HIV-positive mothers in preventing HIV/AIDS transmission from mother to child were age of child, HIV status reveal time, time of joining ARV, joining PMTCT, time of joining PMTCT, and knowledge. While, knowledge was the main variable that has considerable influence on the behavior of HIV-positive mothers. From this research, can be conclude that knowledge can affect HIV-positive mother’s behavior.Keywords: HIV-positive mothers, PMTCT, Central Java Province
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Olakunde, Babayemi O., Daniel A. Adeyinka, John O. Olawepo, Jennifer R. Pharr, Chamberline E. Ozigbu, Sabastine Wakdok, Tolu Oladele, and Echezona E. Ezeanolue. "Towards the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Nigeria: a health system perspective of the achievements and challenges." International Health 11, no. 4 (April 27, 2019): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz018.
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Abstract Despite its scaled-up response for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), Nigeria still contributes the greatest number of infants infected with HIV worldwide. Drawing on our knowledge, and review of policy documents and research papers, we explored the achievements and challenges in the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Nigeria using the WHO’s health systems framework. We found that Nigeria has increased the number of PMTCT sites, decentralized and integrated PMTCT care for expanded service delivery, adopted task-shifting to address the shortage of skilled healthcare providers, explored alternative sources of domestic funding to bridge the funding gap and harmonized the health management information system to improve data quality. Some of the challenges we identified included: difficulty in identifying HIV-infected pregnant women because of low uptake of antenatal care; interrupted supplies of medical commodities; knowledge gaps among healthcare workers; and lack of a national unique identifying system to enhance data quality. While there have been some achievements in the PMTCT program, gaps still exist in the different blocks of the health system. Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Nigeria will require the implementation of feasible, culturally acceptable and sustainable interventions to address the health system-related challenges.
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Siregar, Kemal Nazaruddin, Laily Hanifah, Rikawarastuti, and Lely Wahyuniar. "Prevention of HIV Transmission from Mother to Child: Challenges to the Successful Program Implementation and Practice in Indonesia." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 20 (January 1, 2021): 232595822110407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259582211040701.
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Introduction: The level of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from mother to child in Indonesia ranks first worldwide. Newborn babies in Indonesia are at greater risk of experiencing the burden of HIV infection than babies born in other countries. Objectives: To explore the full extent of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) in South Sulawesi Province in 2020 and to discuss program and policy implications for PMTCT. Methods: This is a health system analysis study with a qualitative approach using focus group discussion, in-depth interviews, and observations in primary health centers and hospitals. Results: There is no local policy and guidelines for PMTCT programs and services; the coverage of HIV testing in pregnant women has not achieved 100% according to the target. There are limitations to human resources in public and private services to conduct the program. The assistance’s activities to ensure antiretroviral (ARV) adherence are limited, and HIV-positive women faced stigma and discrimination, not only from the community but also from health workers. Recommendations: Some recommendations are to improve the HIV test coverage to 100% in pregnant women as well as the coverage and quality of ARV treatment.
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Yacobson, Irina, Morrisa Malkin, and Elena Lebetkin. "Increasing Access and Adherence to the PMTCT Cascade: Is There a Role for Economic Strengthening Interventions?" International Journal of Population Research 2016 (June 27, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4039012.
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Interventions aimed at prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV are extremely effective but remain underutilized in many countries. Common economic barriers to PMTCT experienced by pregnant women with HIV are well documented. Addressing these economic barriers has a potential to improve PMTCT utilization and further reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission. This review examines the evidence of the effects economic strengthening (ES) interventions have on use of and adherence to PMTCT and other health services relevant to PMTCT cascade. While very few studies on ES interventions were conducted in PMTCT settings, the results of a recent randomised trial demonstrate that conditional cash transfers offered to women in PMTCT programme can significantly improve retention in care and adherence to treatment. This review also considers evidence on ES interventions conducted within other health care settings relevant to PMTCT cascade. While the evidence from other settings is promising, it may not be fully applicable to PMTCT and more quality research on ES interventions among population of pregnant women with HIV is needed. Answering some of the research questions formulated by this review can provide more evidence for programme implementers and guide decisions about how to increase women’s use of and adherence to PMTCT services.
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Aishat, Usman, and Ayinde Olubunmi. "Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS: Perception of Health Care Workers in Rural Areas of Oyo State." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4257180.
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Introduction. Proper implementation of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services requires adequate knowledge and appropriate attitudes and practices on the part of the health care providers especially in rural areas where access to health care delivery is very limited in Oyo State.Materials and Methods. This is a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 350 health care workers in a two-stage sampling technique. Data was obtained using interviewer-administered, pretested, semistructured questionnaires. The data was analyzed using Epi Info software version 7.Results. The knowledge of PMTCT of HIV was poor among the health care workers (69.1%). However, more than half (58.3%) had good attitudes towards PMTCT of HIV/AIDS. Predictors of good knowledge of PMTCT were religion [AOR = 1.6, 95% CI (1.1–2.6)], cadre of occupation [AOR = 10.2, 95% CI (2.9–35.1)], and length of service [AOR = 4.3, 95% CI (2.3–19.4)]. Predictors of good attitude towards PMTCT were length of service in the current hospital [AOR = 2.8, 95% CI (1.5–5.2)] and cadre of occupation [AOR = 3.9, 95% CI (1.28–11.9)].Conclusion. Despite poor knowledge of PMTCT of HIV/AIDS among the health care workers, the attitude towards PMTCT of HIV/AIDS was good. There is need for the involvement of the stakeholders in bridging the gap between knowledge of and attitude towards prevention of MTCT of HIV/AIDS among health care workers in the rural areas.
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Acharya, Radha, Trishna Acharya, and Ramesh Devkota. "Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS among Antenatal Mothers in Nepal." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v14i1.18761.
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Background & Objectives:Prevention of Mother to child Transmission (PMTCT) is a global intervention which aims at preventing mother to child transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The study aims to find out knowledge of pregnant women on Mother to child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV/AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).Materials & Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal among the pregnant women who came to visit Antenatal Clinic. Data was collected using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Face to face interview was done and a structured questionnaire was developed for data collection. Data analysis and interpretation were done in SPSS and MS Excel.Results:The total number of respondents was 80 with a mean age of 27.4 years. 90% (n=72) respondents were found to be literate. 86.3% (n=69) were well aware of the knowledge on PMTCT. Majority of the respondents (40%) mentioned that radio, TV/Media were the main sources of information about HIV/AIDS. Out of 32.5% (26) who had heard about the window period, only 26.9% (n=7) gave the correct answer. 93.8% (n=75) were well known about the routes of transmission of HIV but only 10.1% (n=7) gave the correct answer about it. Further, 54% (n=43) respondents knew about the availability of drugs to reduce MTCT of HIV/AIDS.Conclusion:The level of awareness about PMTCT among antenatal mothers was satisfactory. However, knowledge was inadequate which imparts for the need of health education about MTCT of HIV/AIDS in every health facilities of Nepal.
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Muktiarti, Dina, Nia Kurniati, Arwin Akib, and Zakiudin Munasir. "Outcomes of prevention of HIV mother-to-child transmission in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital." Paediatrica Indonesiana 52, no. 5 (October 31, 2012): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi52.5.2012.294-9.
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Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionis increasing worldwide. One foute of HIV transmission is frommother to child, during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding.Prevention of mothertochild transmission may be an effectivestrategy to reduce the cases of new HIV infections.Objectives To investigate the incidence of HIV infection ininfants born to mothers with HIV and who received prophylactictherapy at birth, as well as to note the outcomes of HIVinfectedchildren in this program.Methods This retrospective study was carried out over a 9yearperiod, from January 20 03 to December 2011. The participantswere HIVexposed infants who attended the HIV clinic, at theDepartment of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,Jakarta. Infants were treated according to the prevention ofmothertochild transmission (PMTCT) protocol at CMH.Parents' and infants' data was recorded. The end point of thisstudy was recording of HIVinfection status in the infants.Results There were 238 infants included in this study. HIVinfection was confirmed in 6 (2.5%) infants, while 170 (71.4%)subjects were uninfected, and 62 (26.1%) subjects were lostto followup. No subjects who underwent complete PMTCTmanagement were infected. Most subjects were male, fulltenn,and delivered by caesarean section in our hospital. The mostfrequently observed parental risk factor was intravenous druguse. Maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) was given duringpregnancy in most cases. Morbidities in all subjects were low.Conclusion The PMTCT program at CMH was effective forreducing the number ofHIVinfected infants from mothers withHIY. [Paediatrlndanes. 2012;52:294-9].
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Fasakin, Kolawole A., Christopher T. Omisakin, Idowu O. Adebara, Wasiu A. Ajetunmobi, Adebayo A. Adeniyi, Ayodele J. Esan, Olufunke B. Bolaji, Oluwafemi D. Ajayi, and Abayomi J. Afe. "Assessment of PMTCT Success Rates Based on Antiretroviral Interventions and Feeding Options: A Prospective Cohort Study." International Journal of MCH and AIDS (IJMA) 7, no. 2 (December 12, 2018): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.266.
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Background: The success of any prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program is assessed by the proportion of HIV-exposed infants that sero-convert at the end of all risk exposures. Although adopting the best feeding option for HIV-exposed infants is one of the factors that impact PMTCT outcomes, there is limited data on the assessment of PMTCT success rates based on antiretroviral interventions and feeding options. This study assesses the success rate of PMTCT service based on antiretroviral interventions and feeding options.
Methods: Eighty-five HIV-infected mothers previously in care were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Folders and structured questionnaires were used to extract data on mother-infant pair and the first CD4, count of infected mothers on enrolment at PMTCT clinic. Dry blood spot samples were obtained from exposed infants for early infant diagnosis. Results were analyzed using the SPSS software.
Results: The mean age of enrolled mothers was 31.3 ± 4.4 years, and an average CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of 368.6 ± 216.2 cells/µl. Seven (8.2%) of the HIV-exposed infants were positive for HIV-1 based on early infant diagnosis results. Overall PMTCT success rate (PMTCTSR) was 91.8%. HIV-1 prevalence of 5.0%, 0% and 21.1% was found among infants of patients who opted for breastfeeding, replacement feeding, and mixed feeding respectively thus yielding PMTCT success rates of 95%, 100% and 78.9%. Pediatric antiretroviral interventions success rates in HIV-exposed infants was 95.8%, 80.0% and 66.7% based on age groups ≤ 6 months, > 6 ≤ 12 months, and > 12 ≤ 18 months respectively.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Quality PMTCT service is vital for successful prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Implementation of more dynamic approaches such as adherence to option B+ guidelines in PMTCT service in our settings can further reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV and improve outcomes.
Key words: Assessment, Antiretroviral Interventions, PMTCT, Success Rates, Feeding Options, Cohort
Copyright © 2018 Fasakin et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Muheriwa, Sadandaula R., Angela Chimwaza, Alfred Maluwa, and Martha Kamanga. "Young Women’s Knowledge and Utilization of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV Services: Is There Any Relationship?" International Journal of Childbirth 2, no. 3 (2012): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.2.3.163.
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PURPOSE:To determine knowledge and practices of young women on utilization of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIVservices.DESIGN:A cross-section descriptive study that used quantitative and qualitative data analysis methodologies.FINDINGS:Knowledge of PMTCT of HIV among respondents was universal. All respondents (100%,N= 184) stated that utilization of PMTCT services reduces transmission of HIV from mother to child. Respondents knew that HIV transmission can be reduced with exclusive breastfeeding (93%,n= 172), abrupt weaning at 6 months (44%,n= 81), taking single-dose nevirapine (SD-NVP; 43%,n= 79), and giving NVP to the baby (65%,n= 120). Very few respondents (4%,n= 7) stated that avoiding pregnancy is one way of preventing HIV transmission and that a mother who is HIV positive who has received SD-NVP or antiretroviral (ARV) therapy can still deliver a baby who is HIV positive. Actual practice was very low; only 14% breastfed exclusively and only 3% weaned their babies abruptly. Although all the 184 mothers were given NVP to take at onset of labor, very few respondents (22%) took NVP as recommended. Although it was recommended that all babies take NVP at birth and within 72 hr of birth, only 58% of the babies received NVP as recommended and only 3% of the women avoided pregnancy.CONCLUSION:There was a big discrepancy between knowledge and practice of PMTCT services. Culture was the major barrier because traditionally, babies are expected to be breastfed and supplements are fed to babies, too. Most mothers did not adhere to the taking of NVP at onset of labor. Therefore, there is a need to mobilize communities on PMTCT of HIV. The HIV education programmes should emphasize behavior-change interventions and should focus on both men and women, their partners, and significant others. There is also need to intensify monitoring and evaluation of health workers’ activities to ensure that knowledge is put into practice.
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Nugraeny, Lolita, and Sumiatik Sumiatik. "EVALUASI PELAYANAN PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION (PMTCT) OF HIV PADA ANTE NATAL CARE (ANC) DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM ADAM MALIK MEDAN." JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE 6, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v6i2.975.
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AbstrakPrevention Of Mother To Child Transmission Of HIV (PMTCT) adalah upaya pengendalian HIV-AIDS dan Infeksi Menular Seksual di Indonesia serta Program Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan pelayanan PMTCT pada Antenatal Care di RSUP Adam Malik Medan. Penelitian ini jenis deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, teknik analisa data content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pelaksanaan pelayanan PMTCT sudah baik, antara lain dari standar input, standar proses sudah berjalan dengan baik namun sosialisasi program terhadap pasien perlu ditingkatkan, terjadi peningkatan pada standar output pelaksanaan. Diharapkan pelayanan PMTCT meningkatkan sosialisasi program. Kata Kunci : HIV, PMTCT
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Widjajanti, Martani. "Evaluasi Program Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission(PMTCT) di RSAB Harapan Kita Jakarta." Sari Pediatri 14, no. 3 (November 17, 2016): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp14.3.2012.167-72.
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Latar belakang. Penularan infeksi HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) dari seorang ibu HIV (+) pada bayinya dapat terjadi selama kehamilan, persalinan, ataupun menyusui. Hal ini dinamakan penularan HIV dari ibu-ke-bayi atau dikenal dengan istilah Mother To Child HIV Transmission(MTCT). Penularan HIV dari ibu ke bayi tersebut dapat dicegah yang dikenal dengan sebutan PMTCT (Prevention of Mother To Child HIV Transmission)Tujuan. Melakukan evaluasi terhadap kemungkinan infeksi HIV yang terjadi pada bayi yang mengikuti program PMTCT di RSAB Harapan Kita.Metode. Penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan data retrospektif dari rekam medik RSAB Harapan Kita Jakarta dan Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais Jakarta. Subyek penelitian adalah bayi dan ibu HIV (+) yang melahirkan di RSAB Harapan Kita Jakarta pada periode 1 Januari 2007–30 November 2010 dan telah mengikuti program PMTCT.Hasil. Delapanbelas dari 19 bayi yang dilahirkan ibu HIV positif diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Terdapat 3 (16,7%) bayi yang telah melakukan uji diagnostik HIV secara lengkap. Untuk pemeriksaan PCR-RNA HIV pertama, dijumpai 15 (83,3%) bayi telah melakukan pemeriksaan dengan hasil negatif. Sedangkan untuk pemeriksaan PCR-RNA HIV kedua, 10 bayi (58,8%) telah melakukan pemeriksaan, semua memberikan hasil negatif. Untuk pemeriksaan ELISA HIV dilakukan saat usia bayi 18 bulan, dijumpai 5 bayi (50%) dari 10 bayi yang seharusnya melakukan ELISA HIV sampai dengan November 2010, juga memberikan hasil negatif (virus HIV tidak terdeteksi).Kesimpulan.Pada semua bayi yang telah menjalani pemeriksaan ELISA HIV, tidak ada satupun yang terdeteksi virus HIV.
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Suryanti, Putu Emy, and I. Wayan Nerta. "Alasan Ibu Hamil HIV Positif Tidak Melanjutkan Perawatan PPIA Komprehensif dalam Aspek Layanan Kesehatan." JURNAL YOGA DAN KESEHATAN 3, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/jyk.v3i1.1505.
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<p><em>Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT)is a government program aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.One of the comprehensive PMTCT program is HIV testing for all pregnant women and advanced therapy for all pregnant women whose test results are positive.The Government's target is 100% of HIV-positive pregnant women must be continuing the comprehensive PMTCT program, meanwhile there are HIV-positive pregnant women who discontinue the comprehensive PMTCT program.This study aims to explore the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women to discontinue with the comprehensive PMTCT program. This study was a qualitative study through in-depth interviews with seven informants, namely : one HIV-positive pregnant woman whodiscontinue comprehensive PMTCT program, two HIV-positive women who gave birth the previous yearwhodiscontinue comprehensive PMTCT program, three public health centre (PHC) providers, and one head of PHC. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted thematically and the results were presented narratively to explore the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women to discontinue with the comprehensive PMTCT program. Health care aspects of service readiness include the availability of PMTCT facilities and infrastructure, communication and attitudes of health providers in PMTCT program, waiting times for PMTCT program delivery, and assistance in PMTCT comprehensive program. Health care aspects of service readiness that are less than optimal can affect the understanding and desire of HIV-positive pregnant women to access comprehensive PMTCT program so that HIV-positive pregnant women discontinue comprehensive PMTCT program.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em><br /></em></strong></p>
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Herfanda, Esitra, and Indah Pratiwi. "HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN BIDAN DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN PMTCT (PREVENTION MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION) PADA IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS KASIHAN II BANTUL." JURNAL KEBIDANAN KESTRA (JKK) 3, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35451/jkk.v3i1.432.
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HIV and AIDS transmission to infants can be prevented by comprehensive and effective PMTCT (Prevention Mother to Child Transmission) efforts in health care facilities. The role of the midwife in encouraging pregnant women to conduct PMTCT examinations is to provide support in the form of information, appreciation, instrumental and emotional information about HIV and AIDS thoroughly to the client until the client understands and gives the permission to conduct PMTCT examinations. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between midwife’s support and PMTCT examinations of pregnant women at Kasihan II Primary Health Center of Bantul. This research was conducted using observational analytic methods with cross sectional approach. Data collection techniques employed accidental sampling as many as 40 pregnant women as the respondents. The research instrument was a questionnaire with chi square as data analysis. The results of the study obtained showed that 80% among 40 respondents received good support, and 82.5% conducted PMTCT examinations. There was a correlation between midwife’s support and PMTCT examinations for pregnant women in Kasihan II Primary Health Center of Bantul with p value = 0.000 (p <0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that there was a correlation between midwife’s support and PMTCT examination for pregnant women at Kasihan II Primary Health Center of Bantul.
Keywords: Midwife, Support, PMTCT.
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Haffejee, Firoza, Katie A. Ports, and Maghboeba Mosavel. "Knowledge and attitudes about HIV infection and prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in an urban, low income community in Durban, South Africa: Perspectives of residents and health care volunteers." Health SA Gesondheid 21 (October 11, 2016): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v21i0.949.
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Background: HIV prevalence is high among South African women of reproductive age and transmission of HIV from mothers to children is a concern. This study ascertained the level of knowledge about HIV infection and prevention, particularly prevention of mother toc hild transmission (PMTCT) amongst South African women from a low income community. It also established the challenges in delivering HIV education from the perspectives of health care volunteers.Method: Female residents (n = 67) from Kenneth Gardens, a low income community in Durban, South Africa were interviewed. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 health care volunteers who were either health care workers or residents who provided some form of social support in the community.Results: The majority of respondents indicated that a mother could transmit HIV to her child but were unable to specify how. Many women had general HIV/AIDS knowledge but were unable to identify essential prevention behaviours and were not very receptive to more information on HIV/AIDS. They were supportive of routine testing procedures and child bearing amongst HIV positive women. Health care volunteers indicated a need for a community clinic in the area.They also had limited knowledge of PMTCT and indicated that there was a need for more education on HIV, particularly to encourage the youth and men to use preventative measures.Conclusion: Innovative ways to impart knowledge particularly of PMTCT and updated standards of practice are essential. It is important that the community understands how transmission occurs so that prevention can follow.
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Suryanti, Putu Emy, Komang Ayu Kartika Sari, Pande Putu Januraga, and Dinar Lubis. "Why do HIV-positive pregnant women discontinue with comprehensive PMTCT services? A qualitative study." Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/phpma.v6i1.13.
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AbstractBackground and purpose: Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) is a government program aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. A comprehensive PMTCT program involves the implementation of HIV testing up to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for mothers with positive HIV test results. Coverage of comprehensive PMTCT remains low, with many HIV-positive pregnant women who discontinued ARV treatment. This study aims to explore the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women to discontinue with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in Badung District, Bali Province, with seven respondents: one HIV-positive pregnant woman who did not continue the ARV treatment, two HIV-positive women who gave birth the previous year and did not take ARV, three public health centre (PHC) providers, and one head of PHC. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically. The results presented narratively to illustrate the reasons why HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Results: The emerging themes related to the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program included the lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, the lack of health provider assistance, and the high stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV). These barriers were affecting the willingness of HIV-positive pregnant women to continue with the program.Conclusions: Lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, lack of assistance by health care providers, and high public stigma impacts upon HIV-positive pregnant women’s willingness to continue with comprehensive PMTCT program. There is a need for a minimum service standard in the implementation of comprehensive PMTCT services and comprehensive information on HIV infection in order to reduce the stigma towards PLHIV.
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Suryanti, Putu Emy, Komang Ayu Kartika Sari, Pande Putu Januraga, and Dinar Lubis. "Why do HIV-positive pregnant women discontinue with comprehensive PMTCT services? A qualitative study." Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Journal 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/pphma.v6i1.13.
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AbstractBackground and purpose: Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) is a government program aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. A comprehensive PMTCT program involves the implementation of HIV testing up to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for mothers with positive HIV test results. Coverage of comprehensive PMTCT remains low, with many HIV-positive pregnant women who discontinued ARV treatment. This study aims to explore the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women to discontinue with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in Badung District, Bali Province, with seven respondents: one HIV-positive pregnant woman who did not continue the ARV treatment, two HIV-positive women who gave birth the previous year and did not take ARV, three public health centre (PHC) providers, and one head of PHC. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically. The results presented narratively to illustrate the reasons why HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Results: The emerging themes related to the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program included the lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, the lack of health provider assistance, and the high stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV). These barriers were affecting the willingness of HIV-positive pregnant women to continue with the program.Conclusions: Lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, lack of assistance by health care providers, and high public stigma impacts upon HIV-positive pregnant women’s willingness to continue with comprehensive PMTCT program. There is a need for a minimum service standard in the implementation of comprehensive PMTCT services and comprehensive information on HIV infection in order to reduce the stigma towards PLHIV.
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Ibobo, Judith A., Ezekiel Uba Nwose, and Helen Chime. "Reducing the mother-to-child transmission of HIV: findings from an early infant diagnosis program in Delta state Nigeria." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 12 (November 23, 2017): 4352. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175085.
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Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV has been a global issue being addressed with prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) strategy. Nigeria is said to be responsible for 30% of the global burden of MTCT of HIV. Hence, Delta state of Nigeria had implemented its own PMTCT in line with the global plan to eliminate MTCT. This paper evaluates the determinants and level of effectives of PMTCT with a view to develop a framework to review the program in Delta state.Methods: This was a narrative literature review which aimed at appraising available reports on PMTCT services and related data. In particular, the ‘Delta state development performance: health sector report 1991–2013’ was appraised. Results: Generally, Delta state has improved on infant survival better than national baseline. Specifically, on PMTCT, more women (average 2.9%) than men (average 2.1%) have tested positive for HIV in the 5 years period of 2008–2012 free screening. Further, the report indicates that the State has achieved 78% of eligible facilities offering PMTCT services in the state, but only 23% coverage of pregnancies. Conclusions: In the context of cost effectiveness as well as improvement in service delivery, there is a need to investigate the success rates of health facilities that are offering PMTCT services. There is also need to investigate the barriers to PMTCT that may be prevailing in Delta state.
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Lorenzo, Osvaldo, Consuelo M. Beck-Sagué, Claudia Bautista-Soriano, Mina Halpern, José Roman-Poueriet, Nora Henderson, Eddy Perez-Then, et al. "Progress towards Elimination of HIV Mother-to-Child Transmission in the Dominican Republic from 1999 to 2011." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/543916.
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In 1999, prevention of mother-to-child transmission (pMTCT) using antiretrovirals was introduced in the Dominican Republic (DR). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced for immunosuppressed persons in 2004 and for pMTCT in 2008. To assess progress towards MTCT elimination, data from requisitions for HIV nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis of HIV infection in perinatally exposed infants born in the DR from 1999 to 2011 were analyzed. The MTCT rate was 142/1,274 (11.1%) in 1999–2008 and 12/302 (4.0%) in 2009–2011 (P<.001), with a rate of 154/1,576 (9.8%) for both periods combined. This decline was associated with significant increases in the proportions of women who received prenatal HAART (from 12.3% to 67.9%) and infants who received exclusive formula feeding (from 76.3% to 86.1%) and declines in proportions of women who received no prenatal antiretrovirals (from 31.9% to 12.2%) or received only single-dose nevirapine (from 39.5% to 19.5%). In 2007, over 95% of DR pregnant women received prenatal care, HIV testing, and professionally attended delivery. However, only 58% of women in underserved sugarcane plantation communities (2007) and 76% in HIV sentinel surveillance hospitals (2003–2005) received their HIV test results. HIV-MTCT elimination is feasible but persistent lack of access to critical pMTCT measures must be addressed.
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Berlacher, Michelle, Timothy Mercer, Edith O. Apondi, Winfred Mwangi, Edwin Were, and Megan S. McHenry. "Integrating Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Care into General Maternal Child Health Care in Western Kenya." International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.429.
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Background: Health systems integration is becoming increasingly important as the global health community transitions from acute, disease-specific health programming to models of care built for chronic diseases, primarily designed to strengthen public-sector health systems. In many countries across sub-Saharan Africa, including Kenya, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (pMTCT) services are being integrated into the general maternal child health (MCH) clinics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits and challenges for integration of care within a developing health system, through the lens of an evaluative framework. Methods: A framework adapted from the World Health Organization’s six critical health systems functions was used to evaluate the integration of pMTCT services with general MCH clinics in western Kenya. Perspectives were collected from key stakeholders, including pMTCT and MCH program leadership and local health providers. The benefits and challenges of integration across each of the health system functions were evaluated to better understand this approach. Results: Key informants in leadership positions and MCH staff shared similar perspectives regarding benefits and challenges of integration. Benefits of integration included convenience for families through streamlining of services and reduced HIV stigma. Concerns and challenges included confidentiality issues related to HIV status, particularly in the context of high-volume, crowded clinical spaces. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: The results from this study highlight areas that need to be addressed to maximize the effectiveness and clinical flow of the pMTCT-MCH integration model. The lessons learned from this integration may be applied to other settings in sub-Saharan Africa attempting to integrate HIV care into the broader public-sector health system. Key words: • HIV prevention • Maternal-child health • Prevention of maternal-to-child transmission • Health services • Integration • Kenya • Sub-Saharan Africa Copyright © 2020 Berlacher et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
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Reffita, Lea Ingne, Byba Melda Suhita, and Indasah Indasah. "The Act of PMTCT Program to Decrease the Numbers of HIV in Situbondo Regency." Health Notions 2, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 655–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/hn20608.
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PMTCT is an effort to prevent the occurrence of HIV infection in women and prevent HIV transmission from pregnant mother to baby. The number of women infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) from year to year has increased, along with the increasing number of men who have unprotected sexual intercourse, which will transmit HIV to their sexual partners. The purpose of this research is to explore the implementation of PMTCT program in Situbondo regency. The research design used was qualitative research with phenomenology approach. Data collection used indepth interview technique with semi-structured question. Sampling technique in this research used purposive sampling with the sample size of 8 informants from 17 informants. From the result of the research showed that the implementation process of PMTCT program influences the development of PMTCT program in every year and will cause positive impact for both health worker and pregnant woman. In the process of PMTCT program implementation was influenced by several factors, such as, there were factors that support from the implementation process of PMTCT program as well as heading off the factors. From these inhibiting factors, several strategies were used to support the PMTCT program. Based on the research, it is necessary to conduct further research on the implementation process of PMTCT program
Keywords: PMTCT (prevention of mother to child HIV transmission); Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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Iliyasu, Zubairu, Hadiza S. Galadanci, Bashir Muhammad, Fatima Z. Yadudu, Aminatu A. Kwaku, Hamisu M. Salihu, and Muktar H. Aliyu. "Correlates of HIV-Positive Fathers’ Involvement in Prevention of Motherto- child Transmission Programs in Northern Nigeria." Current HIV Research 18, no. 6 (November 9, 2020): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x18666200810133347.
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Background: The involvement of men in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs could accelerate the elimination of vertical transmission. Yet, little research has focused on HIV-positive male partners. This study determined predictors of male partners’ PMTCT knowledge and involvement in a tertiary hospital in northern Nigeria. Methods: A clinic-based sample of 401 HIV-positive male partners of women who delivered within 12 months prior were interviewed using structured questionnaires. PMTCT knowledge and involvement scores were computed. Adjusted odd ratios (AOR) for predictors were derived from multivariate logistic regression models. Results: The proportion of respondents with adequate PMTCT knowledge was 40.9%. Less than half (43.6%) of the respondents participated in PMTCT, with median involvement score of 2.00 (interquartile range, IQR = 0, 5.0). One quarter of respondents (25.7%, n =103) reported >1 sex partners, 10.5% consistently used condoms, and 20.7% had disclosed to all partners. Father’s involvement in PMTCT was predicted by paternal education (AOR = 0.30; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.12-0.77, no formal vs. post-secondary), HIV-positive child (AOR = 3.85; 95%CI: 1.41-10.54, yes vs. no), treatment duration (AOR = 4.17; 95%CI: 1.67-10.41, ≤1 vs. ≥10 years), disclosure to partner(s) (AOR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1.15-3.52, ‘disclosed to all’ vs. ‘not disclosed’), condom use (AOR = 5.81; 95%CI: 3.07-11.0, always vs. never), and PMTCT knowledge (AOR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.31-0.92, inadequate versus adequate). Conclusion: The involvement of fathers in HIV PMTCT programs was low and predicted by paternal education, HIVpositive child, duration of antiretroviral treatment, disclosure to partner, consistent condom use, and level of PMTCT knowledge. Our findings will inform the development of policies to increase male partner involvement in PMTCT in Nigeria.
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Lumbantoruan, Christina, Margaret Kelaher, Michelle Kermode, and Endang Budihastuti. "Pregnant women’s retention and associated health facility characteristics in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Indonesia: cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e034418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034418.
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ObjectivesDespite the national effort to integrate the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) programme into antenatal care clinics in Indonesia, the rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission remains high. This national study was conducted to describe PMTCT programme performance and to identify health facility characteristics associated with this performance in order to inform programme planning and policy development.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional study in December 2017.SettingAll health facilities providing PMTCT programmes in Indonesia.ParticipantsAll health facilities registering at least one woman in antenatal care in 2017.InterventionPMTCT data extraction from the national reporting system on HIV/AIDS and government reports.OutcomesWomen retention in the PMTCT programme for at least 3 months and associated health facility characteristics.ResultsA total of 373 health facilities registering 6502 HIV-positive women in antenatal care were included in the analysis. One-third of women (2099) never started antiretroviral treatment. Of the 4403 women who started, 2610 (57%) were retained; 462 (10%) were not retained; and the retention status of 1252 (28%) women referred out of the health facilities was unknown. Compared with primary health centres, hospitals were more likely to retain women (OR=2.88, 95% CI 2.19 to 3.79). The odds of retention were higher in hospital types A and B (OR=3.89, 95% CI 3.19 to 4.76), located within concentrated HIV epidemic areas (OR=2.09, 95% CI 1.83 to 2.38) and a high-priority area for the HIV programme (OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.09). We observed no differential retention between women who initiated PMTCT under different options (B+/non-B+).ConclusionsWe observed low retention of HIV-positive pregnant women in the PMTCT programme in Indonesia in 2017. Additional efforts are needed to improve women’s retention in the PMTCT programme. Retention could be increased through the delivery of PMTCT programmes by replicating strategies implemented at hospital types A and B located in concentrated HIV epidemic areas where an HIV programme is a high priority.
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Ramoshaba, Refilwe, and Sello Levy Sithole. "Knowledge and Awareness of MTCT and PMTCT Post-Natal Follow-up Services Among HIV Infected Mothers in the Mankweng Region, South Africa." Open AIDS Journal 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601711010036.
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Background:The pandemic of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the most severe health challenge affecting children across the world. It is estimated that more than 90% of all HIV infections in children result from Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT). Poor knowledge and awareness of MTCT and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) among HIV positive mothers and their babies is a major setback to the success of the PMTCT programmes.Methods:A qualitative approach and a cross-sectional design were applied in this study. The sample size of the study was 26 participants. Purposive sampling was used to select HIV infected mothers enrolled for PMTCT follow-up services and health care providers responsible for the implementation of the PMTCT programmes. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen HIV infected mothers at two health facilities. Two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with eleven health workers at the two health facilities. Focus groups comprised of six participants from Mankweng Clinic and five participants from Mankweng Gateway Clinic.Results:The findings from the study reveal that the majority of the respondents were aware of MTCT, but lacked knowledge and understanding about how a mother can transmit HIV to her child during pregnancy, labour and breastfeeding. The majority of the participants did not understand the risk of MTCT after birth and failed to mention breastfeeding as a mode of transmission. However, most of the participants were aware that MTCT can be prevented. The respondents were aware of the importance of treatment adherence as a prevention measure to avoid MTCT.Conclusion:Based on these findings, a number of recommendations were made. The first is that educational and awareness programmes need to be developed or strengthened on health risks. Mass campaign media should provide information on the importance of PMTCT activities through the use of community radio stations, Television, newsletters, bill boards etc. People need to know more about PMTCT activities, health personnel need continuous training to provide clear information on PMTCT activities.
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Wiraharja, Regina Satya, Laksono Trisnantoro, Yodi Mahendradhata, and Ignatius Praptoharjo. "Challenges of PMTCT and MCHS Integration in Indonesia, Analysis by Integration Analysis Framework and CFIR." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 14, no. 3 (May 21, 2019): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v14i3.14570.
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Integration was strategy of PMTCT (Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission) and MCHS (Mother and Child Health Services) since 2006. This systematic review explored integration level between PMTCT and MCHS. Literature searched from June 2015 to January 2016 through Google, Google Scholar, University Library Website, Portal Garuda, ProQuest, PubMed and 90 institutions in Jakarta. Keywords were PMTCT, HIV Mother, PPIA HIV Evaluation and HIV PMTCT Evaluation. We yielded 157 literatures from 1995-2015. Research should be done at Public Primary Health Care (PHC), discussed PMTCT implementation, and captured perspectives of staffs or decision makers. Thematic analysis was done using Atun’s Integration Analysis Framework and CFIR. We included 7 studies. No study explored overall dimensions of integration, especially planning function. Challenges were resources, execution, needs of patients, networks and communications, policies, leadership, and access to information. Only 4 studies showed PMTCT results. Coverage of first visit counseling was 9-100% and percentage of pregnant women tested was 3.9 -60%. PMTCT integration was partial. Integration was not a sole solution to results. Planning should be done together with regional and local level, involving stakeholders to disseminate PMTCT information, increasing ownership and leadership. We proposed Atun’s Framework and CFIR for further research.
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Shrestha, M., P. Chaudhary, M. Tumbhahangphe, and J. Poudel. "Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) Program at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital: A Review." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 7, no. 2 (September 21, 2014): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11138.
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Aims: Vertical transmission from mother to fetus is the main route of HIVinfection among children. This study is an effort to review utilization of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services by pregnant women seeking care in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital (PMWH). Methods: Case records of 165 pregnant women with HIV positive status who delivered at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu from April 2005 to Dec 2011 were reviewed. Demographic profile of these women and interventions to prevent mother to child transmission (MTCT) including antiretroviral prophylaxis (ARV), mode of delivery, infant feeding practice as well as HIV status of their children were recorded. Results: Hospital records showed 109262 antenatal attendees and 120823 deliveries including 165 HIV infected women who delivered in this facility. Prevalence of HIV infection among antenatal attendees was 0.11 % and 0.13% in hospital deliveries. Migrant worker spouse (44.2%) was the main source of infection in their wives. Eighty eight (55.7%) out of 150 eligible women received ARV drugs and 97% babies received antiretroviral prophylaxis . Spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred in 60% women and caesarean section performed in the rest. While 60.8% women opted for exclusive breast feeding, remaining 39.2% chose formula feeding. For prophylaxis of opportunistic infection, Cotrimoxazole was given to 70.3% children. The incidence of HIV infection in babies born to HIV infected mother was 5.1%. Conclusions: Integrating PMTCT services into existing maternal and child health system can significantly reduce perinatal transmission of HIV infection to children. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11138 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 25-28
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KHULAFA'UR R, LELY, and RISKIANA FITRI. "GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD HIV TRANSMISSION ( PMTCT ) DI DESA BANDUNG KECAMATAN PRAMBON KABUPATEN NGANJUK." JURNAL KEBIDANAN 4, no. 2 (April 12, 2019): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35890/jkdh.v4i2.90.
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PMTCT yaitu upaya untuk mencegah infeksi HIV pada perempuan, serta mencegah penularan HIV dari ibu hamil ke bayi. Program PMTCT sekarang memberikan layanan dalam 4 pilar. Implementasi yang dapat dilakukan oleh perawat maternitas adalah sesuai dengan 4 peran yakni memberikan pelayanan secara langsung, konseling, promosi kesehatan dan penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang PMTCT.
Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif, peneliti melakukan penelitian pada tanggal 11 Mei 2014 di Desa Bandung Kecamatan Prambon Kabupaten Nganjuk. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah semua ibu hamil di Desa Bandung Kecamatan Prambon Kabupaten Nganjuk. Populasi berjumlah 42 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dan melakukan pendekatan cross sectional sehingga diperoleh 30 respoden. Variabel penelitian ini adalah variabel tunggal yaitu gambaran pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang PMTCT . Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner diolah dengan editing, coding, scoring, tabulating, dan hasilnya dianalisis dengan prosentase.
Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang PMTCT yaitu sebanyak 17 responden (56,66%) berpengetahuan cukup, 6 responden (20 %) berpengetahuan kurang.
Hasil analisis menggunakan Distribusi Normal telah didapatkan bahwa penelitian ini terdistribusi normal.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa pengetahuan ibu hamil temtang PMTCT cukup. Setelah penelitian ini diharapkan pada ibu hamil agar lebih aktif dalam mencari informasi untuk menambah wawasan. Begitu juga dengan tenaga kesehatan hendaknya memberikan penyuluhan yang lebih terhadap ibu hamil agar lebih mengerti tentang PMTCT.
, ibu hamil, PMTCT