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Meyrick, Jane. "Conceiving risk : adolescent contraceptive risk taking and prevention." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323006.
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Lindgren, Margareta. "Pressure sores : risk assessment and prevention /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/med784s.pdf.
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Slark, Julia Suzanne. "Risk awareness in secondary stroke prevention." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9297.
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Stroke is the single largest cause of disability and second highest cause of death globally. It is estimated that 10 million people a year are affected by stroke in the United Kingdom (UK). Of the 130,000 annual new stroke occurrences in the UK, one third will go on to have a further stroke. Recurrent stroke is more likely to be fatal than first stroke and survivors are more likely to be left with major disability. Many stroke patients do not adhere to secondary prevention strategies due to complex reasons, including lack of appreciation of their high risk of a secondary cardiovascular event. Long-term secondary prevention remains a desired goal in the management of stroke survivors, however, studies have shown that current strategies are not routinely and universally working. Hypothesis: Raising awareness of secondary stroke risk may improve stroke survivor’s adherence to secondary prevention strategies after stroke. Results: A survey of the general public (n=1019) and a population-based study of over 600 stroke survivors found that knowledge about Blood Pressure (BP) and stroke risk factors was poor in high risk populations. Only 55% of stroke survivors were able to cite any well-known vascular risk factors. However, those who were appropriately risk-aware significantly improved their health behaviour post-stroke by consuming less alcohol (P<0.001), less salt (P=0.05) and eating a healthy diet (P=0.02). Further, In a Randomised Controlled Trial setting an intervention to increase risk awareness was successful in increasing awareness (P=0.04) and resulted in a significant increase in knowledge of stroke sub-type (95% CI 0.72-0.677, P<0.001), risk factor control of systolic BP (95% CI 12.1-10.4, P=0.01) and increased the number of healthy lifestyle behaviour changes made at follow-up (P<0.001). Conclusions: Increasing risk awareness is potentially an important mechanism to improve health behaviour following stroke and may improve risk factor control as part of secondary stroke prevention.
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Katalagarianakis, Georgios. "Risk assessment and accident prevention in mining." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299320.
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Swales, Leslie A. "Prison Victimization: High-Risk Characteristics and Prevention." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1216337359.
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Holmgren, Maria, and Åsa Nordström. "Prevention vid risk för diagnosen Metabolt syndrom." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26529.
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Syftet med vår litteraturstudie är att beskriva hur en livsstilsförändring och livstilsskillnader kan påverka utvecklingen av det metabola syndromet, samt hur sjuksköterskan kan medverka med hjälp och stöd vid livsstilsförändringar. Frågeställningar är: Vad är effekten av en livsstilsförändring vid risk för metabolt syndrom? Hur kan sjuksköterskan medverka till prevention av det metabola syndromet? 10 vetenskapliga artiklar användes i litteraturstudien för att besvara ovanstående frågeställningar. Resultatet i denna litteraturstudie visar att en livsstilsförändring har en stor och avgörande betydelse vid risk för utvecklande av metabolt syndrom. Denna studie visar även på att sjuksköterskan, genom att ge individuell rådgivning och stöd i form av kontakt via telefon, Internet samt sedvanliga mottagningsbesök har en betydande roll i preventionsarbetet vid detta tillstånd. Mer resurser och energi bör dock satsas på förebyggande insatser.The aim of our literature study is to describe how a change in lifestyle and difference in lifestyles can effecte when the Metabolic Syndrome is at risk. The study also illuminates how nurses can contribute in the prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome. Research questions are: What are the effects of a change of lifestyle? How can nurses contribute in the prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome? 10 scientific articles were used in the literature study in order to answer the above questions. The result shows that a change of lifestyle has a great and crucial significance at the risk of developing the Metabolic Syndrome. This study also shows that nurses by giving individual counselling and support in form of contact through telephone and internet as well as customary visits at the clinic, play a crucial role when it comes to prevention of this condition. More resources and energy ought to be invested in preventive efforts
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Wright, Ashley D., and Elizabeth A. Greene. "Rabies in Arizona: Equine Risk and Prevention." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608256.
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4 pp.The Informed Arizona Equestrian Horse Health Series was designed to bring up to date information on issues of importance to the horse owners of Arizona and beyond. Rabies has been identified in horses in Arizona (most recently Santa Cruz county in 2016), and is not only fatal for horses, but also can affect the humans handling those horses. It is often overlooked as a possible diagnosis due to the nonspecific early signs of infection. Find out how to protect you and your horses from this devastating disease.
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Zhang, Yi, and 张一. "Identifying risk factors for suicide research and prevention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50533782.
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Research on risk factor for suicidal behaviors has been broadly conducted to enhance knowledge of suicide prevention. However, there are still challenges for risk factor research. Four major research gaps have been identified: (1) uncertain effectiveness of the population approach versus the high-risk approach for suicide prevention; (2) lack of a valid and convenient Chinese-version screening tool for the severity of suicidal ideation among adolescents; (3) demand for testing the prospective associations of risk factors with suicidal ideation using a longitudinal designed population-based sample; and (4) necessity of pathway analysis to explore and confirm how risk factors interact with each other and lead to suicidality. This thesis aims to address these gaps through a combination of five studies.
Study 1 introduces an illness and death model to suicide prevention research. Elasticity and sensitivity analyses were performed. The findings revealed that the control of suicide incidence among the healthy population is the most effective prevention strategy whereas treatment of mental illness appears to be the least effective approach to suicide prevention.
Study 2 validates the psychometric properties of the Chinese versions of Reynolds’s Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) and Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire Junior (SIQ-JR, a short version of the SIQ) in a sample of Hong Kong adolescents. A short, four-item version of the SIQ-JR has been suggested as an alternative to the SIQ and the SIQ-JR.
Study 3 identifies the history of psychiatric treatment, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, unstable marital status, poor economic circumstance, and a recent death of a first-degree relative as significant risk factors for the incidence of suicidal ideation. The associations of change in risk factors with the development of suicidal ideation have been tested. There are gender and age differences in the patterns of such associations.
Study 4 focuses on psychological factors associated with the first-ever incidence of suicidal ideation. Psychological factors have been detected generally to differ in their associations with the incidence and persistence of suicidality. The idea that depression partially mediates the effect of average life distress on the persistence of suicidal ideation has clinical value.
Study 5 introduces and tests a stressor and illness model as a theoretical framework reference for future risk factor research. Risk factors are classified into stressor, illness, and pattern factors. Both the simple and complex models are tested. Evidence supported the proposed mediating role of mental disorders between negative life events and severity of suicidal ideation. A gender-specific pattern of associations between stressors, illness, and severity of suicidal ideation has also been detected.
This thesis has made substantial theoretical, psychometric, and empirical contributions to the existing knowledge of suicide research.published_or_final_version
Social Work and Social Administration
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Riordan, Paul J. "Dental fluorosis diagnosis, epidemiology, risk factors and prevention /." Perth : Health Dept. of Western Australia, Dental Services, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=LO5pAAAAMAAJ.
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Mishu, Mahbub Chowdhury. "Pressure ulcer risk assessment and prevention system design." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2015. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/24524/.
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Pressure ulcer (PU, bedsore, ischemia, decubitus ulcer) has become a global healthcare problem. In United Kingdom 412,000 people develop pressure ulcer annually and it costs the National Health Service (NHS) £1.4-£2.1 billion pounds (4% of total NHS budget). Pressure ulcers are a combined result of multiple factors such as prolonged external load applied to the skin, reduced blood flow in tissues, the patient’s physiological parameters (body mass index, age, mobility) and body support surface properties. The aetiology of pressure ulcer formation includes both mechanical and biological properties of skin and soft tissues. In order to prevent PU formation in the human body, a new type of risk predicting tool is required where identification of PU risk is based on combined effect of patient’s physiological parameters and support surface properties. Previous research suggests that interface pressure (IP) of 32 mmHg (4.2kPa) can cause PU but there is no strong evidence to show when that pressure is reached. Also IP varies from person to person due to their physiology. There are three risk assessment scales available to predict the occurrence of PU formation; however, none of these scales take interaction of body support surface material into account. Also they do not provide any information at which area a person is at risk of ulceration. In order to identify the harmful IP, biomechanical behaviour of skin and soft tissue is modelled and interaction of body support surface is studied. A mathematical model has been developed to characterise a new type of body support surface material (viscoelastic) and validated by conducting experiments. The relationship between patient’s physiological parameters and surface material are identified along with risk assessment scales for pressure ulcer prediction by conducting experiments. External load at different bony areas are measured using eleven volunteers. By measuring the external load for eleven subjects (age =33±7) and (BMI =25.0±3.01 kg/m2) at different bony areas, the relationship between IP with the total body weight and BMI was developed. A mathematical model is proposed to predict the risk of PU formation combining the Waterlow risk assessment scale and risk prediction algorithms on a user friendly interface.
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D'Amico, Elizabeth Jean. "Adolescent risk-taking and prevention : development of a new risk skills training program /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Fletcher, Paula C. "Falls among the elderly, risk factors and prevention strategies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21346.pdf.
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Ekman, Anna. "Hips at risk osteoporosis and prevention of hip fractures." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-4930-1/.
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Henriksson, Benny. "Risk factor love : homosexuality, sexual interaction and HIV-prevention /." Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 1995. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006833499&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Madubuko, Adaku Ngozika. "Stroke Risk Factor Knowledge, Attitude, Prevention Practices, and Stroke." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4973.
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Regardless of the advances that have been made in stroke research and treatment and the overall decrease in stroke mortality, the stroke mortality rate for African Americans is still high at 45.2/100,000 and is still the leading cause of adult disability. Knowledge of the risk factors of stroke is paramount to reducing the morbidity and mortality of stroke, but knowledge of stroke risk factors has been found to be suboptimal in the African American population. The purpose of this study was to examine if there is a relationship between the knowledge, perception, and sources of stroke information of risk factors for stroke. The theoretical framework for this study was knowledge, attitude, and practice model and the health belief model. A cross-sectional quantitative approach was used for this study, and data was obtained through in-person administration of a questionnaire to willing participants in two South District Cook County, Illinois, health centers, two churches, a barber shop, and a beauty shop. A total of 273 respondents that consisted of 42% men (n = 113) and 58% women (n = 160) provided valid responses. Chi-Square test of association showed a statistical significance between source of stroke information and previous stroke/transient ischemic attack at Ï?2 (1) = 29.133, p = 0.001. Multiple regression analysis model showed a statistically significant result of perception and stroke, F (14, 259) = 22.692, p < 0.0005. This study found that stroke education should go beyond traditional medical risk factors to also explore people's perception of preventive practices. This study will contribute to social change by providing support for targeted stroke education not only on knowledge but also perception of preventive practices in the African American population.
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Bloodgood, Martha Madden. "High-Risk Sexual Behaviors of Young Adults: AIDS Prevention." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277878/.
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The Health Belief Model was used to study HIV/AIDS beliefs of 419, 18 to 24 year old, never married, sexually active, heterosexual college students and predict their AIDS preventive behaviors from a larger sample of 662 college students. The structural properties of the scales used were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Recent preventive behaviors were predicted in a LISREL Structural Equation Modeling analysis.
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Kornhauzer, C. Monika (Cvetka Monika). "Sexual risk taking behaviors of women at risk for HIV." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35322.
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The number of women infected with the HIV virus through heterosexual contact is on the rise and expected to increase steadily throughout the 1990's. In order to prevent the further spread of HIV infection and AIDS, behavior change is essential. The focus of this study is on the sexual behaviors, safe sex practices, and the role that self-efficacy and self-assertiveness play in a woman's ability to put into effect preventative behaviors. The study sample consists of 40 heterosexual, English-speaking women from the Montreal area. The results indicate that just under half of this population are using condoms as a safe sex precaution, but they are being used inconsistently. Those participants who reported sometimes using condoms were also the same participants who more frequently reported modifying other aspects of their sexual behavior in order to reduce their risk of infection, as compared to those participants who did not report using condoms. It was also found that the participants' past sexual history, knowledge about HIV transmission, and awareness of risky sexual practices do not predict more cautious sexual behavior. One major factor which did seem to influence modification of risky sexual behaviors was the participants' perception of being at risk for HIV. The majority of the participants did not have difficulty in asserting their desire for safe sex. Their methods, however, in how they would choose to practise safe sex were dependent on the seriousness of the relationship, ability to trust their partner, and their current method of practising safe sex in their own sexual lives.
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Sorinmade, Ibukun. "Refocusing Prevention Practices: From Risk-Based Towards Social Developmental Measures." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23301.
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In exploring current responses to crime, particularly youth involvement in gangs, this thesis examines two approaches: Crime Prevention through Social Development (CPSD) and risk-based prevention. The former is associated with the provision of socially-designed measures to address and eliminate the risk factor associated with persistent offending. The latter, however, refers to the implementation of risk management and statistical assessment to manage the risk factor associated with persistent offending. In light of these two approaches, this thesis examines a debate which purported that crime prevention practices has wholly shifted away from an emphasis on CPSD towards risk-based prevention. This thesis also examines the opposing debate which explains that CPSD and risk-based prevention have emerged into a balanced approach. Taking into account 19 youth gang prevention projects in Canada, the above debates are investigated. Drawing from the analysed project, this thesis concludes that, the crime prevention practices of the analyzed projects significantly rely on risk-based prevention. As a result, the approaches of CPSD still exist in rhetoric and in practice however, its influence on crime prevention initiatives is very limited. Hence, current approaches neither reflect a total shift away from CPSD nor a balanced approach.
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Hansen, Richard L. "Risk-based fire research decision methodology." Link to electronic version, 1999. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-051399-154048/unrestricted/thesis.pdf.
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Stanford, Jacqueline, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Prevention of body concerns and risk behaviours in adolescent boys." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050815.093958.
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Overall, this thesis was designed to explore the nature of adolescent boys' body image, the effects of body image on body change strategies and psychological adjustment, and the factors that influence body image. The first study examined body image in 362 adolescent boys. Body image was considered in terms of attitudes to different body parts and attributes, including, lower, middle and upper body, as well as weight, shape and muscles. The relationships between Body Mass Index (BMI), body image, sociocultural messages, psychological adjustment and body change strategies, including strategies to decrease weight and increase muscles using food and exercise, drive for thinness, bulimic attitudes and behaviour, excessive exercise, food supplements to lose weight, increase muscles and steroids, were also investigated. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the role of body image, sociocultural messages and psychological adjustment to predict satisfaction with different body attributes and body change strategies. The findings from study one led to the development of a program aimed at preventing the development of unhealthy attitudes and behaviours among adolescent boys. Study two involved the implementation and evaluation of this prevention program. One hundred and twenty one boys participated in the program. The program was based on social-cognitive theory, and included a focus on accepting differences and the development of self-esteem. The boys who participated in the program indicated some change in existing attitudes and showed less development of risk behaviours relative to the control group. The implications of the findings from this thesis in relation to future research, as well as the prevention of adolescent boys' body image problems are discussed.
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Edmunds, Laurel Devina. "Primary prevention in children at risk of obesity as adults." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302539.
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Arshad, Syed Hasan. "Allergic disorders in early childhood - prevalence, risk factors and prevention." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239918.
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Chase, Allison Kullen. "Eating disorder prevention : an intervention for "at-risk" college women /." Digital version, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008297.
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Dawson, Jesse. "Prevention of stroke risk stratification and targeted and novel therapies /." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/851/.
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Thesis (MD.) - University of Glasgow, 2009.MD. thesis submitted to Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Meyers, Alysha Rose. "Prevention strategies for musculoskeletal disorders among high-risk occupational groups." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2946.
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The objective of the three studies in this dissertation was to improve methods to prevent musculoskeletal disorders among workers in high-risk occupations. The first two studies, Strain Index (SI) Studies I & II, addressed this problem by better characterizing the performance of a commonly used observational method of estimating potentially hazardous biomechanical exposures, the SI. The SI combines measures of several biomechanical risk factors into a single value (SI score). Strain Index scores are usually categorized into four ordinal SI "risk categories." In Strain Index Study I, multivariate survival analysis models were compared to evaluate the predictive validity of the original SI risk category cut-points to a new set of empirically derived cut-point values among 276 manufacturing workers. The results from this prospective study indicated that the empirically derived cut-points were a better predictor of incident hand-arm symptoms than the original cut-points, especially among women. In Strain Index Study II, Aim 1, exposures to forceful exertions, repetition and non-neutral wrist posture estimated with SI methods were compared to analogous exposures estimated with alternate methods. Statistically significant associations between separate methods designed to assess specific risk factors were observed only for those measuring non-neutral wrist posture. In Aim 2, a multivariate survival analysis model examining associations between incident hand-arm symptoms and biomechanical exposures estimated with the SI was compared to a model examining associations between incident hand-arm symptoms and biomechanical exposures estimated with separate estimates of biomechanical risk factors. Results favored the SI risk category metric to characterize biomechanical exposures compared to separate measures of exposure. he third study, light-weight block (LWB) Intervention Study, was a repeated measures laboratory study of 25 bricklayers performed to estimate the effect of block weight (LWB vs. standard-weight block (SWB)) and course height on low back disorder (LBD) risk factor exposure. Mixed-effect models showed that LWB was associated with reduced exposure for percent time spent in sagittal flexion >30°, lifting rate, LBD risk probability score, and non-dominant upper trapezius muscle activity. Bricklaying at ankle or chest heights was generally associated with higher exposure to risk factors than bricklaying at knuckle height.
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Wallace, Cynthia M. "A High School Dropout Prevention Program for At-Risk Students." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1946.
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Dropping out of high school is an issue that has faced the educational system for years. At a high school in Mississippi, the dropout prevention plan implemented was not beneficial to all at-risk students because it mainly focused on academic issues. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to understand why students dropped out of high school and to gather strategies for a dropout prevention plan. The conceptual framework was based on 5 factors: general deviancy, deviant affiliation, family socialization, structural strain, and academic quandary. The research questions inquired about experiences that caused students to drop out and suggested strategies for a new dropout prevention plan. Data collection methods included interviews with 18 teachers, 3 counselors, and 20 former students who dropped out between 2007 and 2012. Interpretive data analysis was used to analyze data. Open and axial coding was used to develop themes about why students dropped out of high school. Those themes included behavioral issues, peer and work-related influences, family structure, school environment, and academic problems. Data analyses indicated that tutoring, staff development, mentoring, counseling, parental involvement, teenage mother programs, and alternative options were useful in preventing students from dropping out. These findings were used to develop a high school dropout prevention plan to benefit at-risk students. The overall goal for this project was to decrease high school dropout rates. By implementing the high school dropout prevention plan, schools may enable more students to further their education and become productive citizens within their communities.
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Pehilj, Sanela Alic. "Ungdomsbrottslighet i gäng: risk och prevention Litteraturöversikt med teoretiska analyser." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25909.
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I denna uppsats försöker jag förklara vad ungdomsbrottslighet innebär, vilka faktorer gör så att man som ungdom utför brottsliga handlingar och hamnar i kriminella gäng samt hur man på bästa sätt kan förebygga ungdomsbrottslighet. Jag har gjort en litteraturöversikt och sedan behandlat informationen med hjälp av två tidigare teorier, sociala bandteorin och inlärningsteorin. För att få mina frågeställningar besvarade har jag fokuserat på ungdomar och hur det kommer sig att de väljer en kriminell väg. I diskussion och resultat stycket presenterar jag vad jag kommit fram till i analysdelen och analyserar resultatet med dem valde teorierna. I uppsatsen tar jag även upp om det finns någon koppling mellan maskulinitet och brottslighet och iså fall vilken.
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Borg, Amanda. "Can Sweden Learn from Botswana with Regard to HIV Prevention Communication? : A Study about Risk Perception, Risk Behaviour and HIV Prevention Communication in Sweden and Botswana." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27511.
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We know that Sweden's HIV communication strategy does not specifically address young women, while Botswana's HIV communication strategy does. The overarching aim of this study is therefore to investigate whether Sweden should and could learn from Botswana with regard to focus on women in the HIV communication strategy. To do so, the methods used are qualitative interviews and focus groups with young women in Sweden and Botswana, expert interviews with representatives from organizations in Sweden and Botswana as well as textual analysis of different HIV prevention strategies from both countries. The results of this study shows that there seems to be a difference between young women’s risk perception and risk behaviour in Sweden and Botswana, a difference that can partly be explained by hoe respective country work with HIV prevention communication towards this group. This indicates that Sweden could learn from Botswana’s HIV prevention communication concerning how they work with young women as a target group and how gender equality and empowerment of women is part of Botswana’s communication strategy. However, because of the difference in HIV prevalence and because of the limited effect of communication measures, the difference in communication can only be considered a small part of the to why the differences exist.
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Kanyinji, Rabson. "Fire prevention and risk aversion among informal urban dwellers in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15535.
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This paper attempts to provide experimental evidence on fire prevention and risk aversion among urban informal settlers using lottery choice data with real monetary prizes. The paper estimates the risk attitudes of a sample of 174 individuals from an informal housing development in Cape Town. The empirical analysis is performed within the expected utility theory specification, assuming constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) defined over the lottery prize. We tests the hypothesis that risk averse individuals will take precautionary measures in as far as possible to mitigate the risk of fire to their household. We find that individual-level fire prevention measures that are within the means of the households to effect, such as making sure that matches, lighters and paraffin are kept out of reach of children, is correlated with risk aversion, but measures, such as building of homes at least 3-5 meters from the neighbours, does not seem to be within the choice set of low-income informal dwellers. Our results further indicate that subjects who engage in fire prevention/fire safety strategies that require the "most effort" (that are most effective and costly) are significantly more risk averse relative to subjects engaging in fire safety measures that need "least effort". Contrary to expectation, distance from the main road, informal electricity connection, and the use of paraffin for lighting, heating and cooking are not correlated with risk aversion, indicating that irrespective of the risk profiles of decision makers, low-income households are often forced to make choices that increase their exposure to fire hazards.
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Schultze-Krumbholz, Anja [Verfasser]. "Cyberbullying : Risk and Protective Factors, Consequences and Prevention / Anja Schultze-Krumbholz." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076038808/34.
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Calvillo, Ruth N. "Latino Teens at Risk: The Effectiveness of Dating Violence Prevention Programs." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/68.
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Teen dating violence is a serious problem that does not receive the attention it should. This paper examines the factors that contribute to teen dating violence and more specifically the factors that contribute to dating violence among Latino youth. After determining the factors that contribute to this problem, prevention programs are examined to assess how well they address those issues. Currently, multiple dating violence prevention programs are used across the country; however, most of them do not address the needs of Latino youth. Suggestions on how to make these programs more appropriate for Latinos are provided.
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Sonbul, Helal. "On caries risk profile and prevention in an adult Saudi population /." Göteborg : Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21947.
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Geluk, Christiane Anneliese. "Coronary risk stratification from PREVEND to the prevention of coronary events /." [S.l. : Groningen : s.n. ; University Library of Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/305742574.
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Roman, David. "Foster care prevention for at-risk Latino children| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527410.
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Miller, Heidi. "Prevention for At-Risk Youth Target Program: A Longitudinal Evaluation Study." Connect to online version at OhioLINK ETD Connect to online version at Digital.Maag, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1989/3753.
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Hirsch, Jameson K., Jessica Kelliher Rabon, and Edward C. Chang. "Applied Resiliency and Suicide Prevention: a Strengths-based, Risk- Reduction Framework." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5540.
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Book Summary: This inspiring resource presents theories, findings, and interventions from Positive Suicidology, an emerging strengths-based approach to suicide prevention. Its synthesis of positive psychology and suicidology theories offers a science-based framework for promoting wellbeing to complement or, if appropriate, replace traditional deficit-driven theories and therapies used in reducing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Coverage reviews interpersonal, intrapersonal, and societal risk factors for suicide, and identifies protective factors, such as hope and resilience, that can be enhanced in therapy. From there, chapters detail a palette of approaches and applications of Positive Suicidology, from the powerful motivating forces described in Self-Determination Theory to meaning-building physical and social activities.
Among the topics covered: Future-oriented constructs and their role in suicidal ideation and enactment. Gratitude as a protective factor for suicidal ideation and behavior: theory and evidence. Considering race and ethnicity in the use of positive psychological approaches to suicide. The Six R’s framework as mindfulness for suicide prevention. Community-based participatory research and empowerment for suicide prevention. Applied resiliency and suicide prevention: a strengths-based, risk-reduction framework.
Psychotherapists, counselors, social workers, psychiatrists, and health psychologists, as well as educators, clergy and healthcare professionals, will find A Positive Psychological Approach to Suicide an invaluable source of contemporary evidence-based strategies for their prevention and intervention efforts with suicidal clients.
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Autio-Gold, J. (Jaana). "Caries prevention in high-risk preschool children in the United States." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514277058.
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Abstract
Dental caries is a common infectious disease affecting young children living in low-income families in the United States. Efficacious, safe, feasible and cost-effective caries prevention methods for these children are essential. Several studies have shown the efficacy of fluoride varnish and xylitol to improve the oral health of children.
The efficiency of caries prevention programs including the use of fluoride varnish or xylitol chewing gum in early childhood has not been well documented in communities with private dental services. The purpose of this study was to determine the caries prevalence and distribution in the primary dentition, and to evaluate the effectiveness of two prevention programs, including applications of fluoride varnish and the use of xylitol chewing gum in randomized groups of preschool children attending Head Start school programs in Northern Florida.
The caries preventive effect of fluoride varnish in the primary dentition was evaluated in a sample of 4–6 year-old Head Start schoolchildren in Alachua, Florida (n = 142). Caries progression after nine months was analyzed using dmf(s/t) and ds values. A modified caries scoring system, which differentiates between active and inactive carious lesions, was used to evaluate the effect of fluoride on early noncavitated enamel lesions. The effect of xylitol gum was evaluated by measuring the levels of salivary mutans streptococci before and after a three week chewing period in 3–5 year-old children attending the Head Start school in Starke, Florida (n = 61).
This study is in line with earlier reports that caries prevalence is high in Head Start preschool children. This study showed that active noncavitated enamel lesions were common in the primary dentition and that applications of fluoride varnish may offer an effective means of arresting these early enamel lesions. Chewing the xylitol gum reduced the levels of salivary mutans streptococci, thereby possibly reducing the risk for dental caries in these children.
While the detection and monitoring of early enamel lesions is critical in determining effectiveness of prevention therapy, this study suggests that fluoride varnish applications may offer an efficient, non-surgical treatment for decay in children. Also, the prevention program with xylitol may provide an additional method to be used in situations where other prevention methods are difficult to implement.
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Raitio, M. (Maarit). "Caries risk determination and cost-effectiveness of targeted prevention in adolescents." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514266366.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess a series of caries risk indicators to find a suitable model for
screening adolescents for risk cases, and to evaluate the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an
one-year intervention programme provided for the resulting risk groups.
To reduce the spread of infectious diseases at 20 day-care centres, risk factors for the occurrence of
salivary mutans streptococci were surveyed in 345 children before and after 8 months of intervention, i.e.
withdrawal of tooth brushing in 10 centres. Dental health habits were evaluated by means of questionnaires.
Four clinical and six salivary tests were related to 11-month caries increment in 181 adolescents. The 109
high-risk subjects presenting four or more risk factors were provided either with chlorhexidine or fluoride
treatment, the low-risk group receiving basic prevention. An age and sex-matched control group was chosen.
Life-long data on all 390 subjects were collected from their dental records. Survival analysis was applied,
taking as the starting point the time of tooth eruption and as the event the first filling due to caries.
The costs of the intervention and the number of fillings were compared between the groups.
The dental health of the risk groups tended to approach the average level for the control group. One
tooth surface per subject was saved from filling. The costs of fillings for the control group were twice as great
as those for the risk groups at the end of the intervention, but only slightly more after the five-year
follow-up period.
The model (DFS, Candida and sucrase) offers additive information for finding adolescents at risk
of caries, and for targeting preventive measures at the individual level and for the motivation of patients. The results stress the importance of dental age and of
providing preventive procedures at the time of tooth eruption. The present risk-based strategy proved to be
of moderate benefit to dental health by comparison with the costs of normal preventive and restorative care
and cannot be recommended as such for a target population with a high risk of caries.
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Chamnan, Parinya. "Pragmatic approaches for identifying and treating individuals at high risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609168.
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Monchalin, Lisa A. "Reducing Crime Affecting Urban Aboriginal People: The Potential for Effective Solutions in Winnipeg." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20579.
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This study examined the knowledge relevant to reducing crime affecting urban Aboriginal people through a risk-focused approach to prevention and a growing body of knowledge about how it gets implemented. It then examined this knowledge in a case study of its application in Winnipeg.
Interviews were undertaken using a structured questionnaire with program stakeholders and policy planners involved in crime prevention initiatives, programming and policy in Winnipeg. Approximately half of the stakeholders were involved primarily with Aboriginal people and the other half were involved with programs that included both Aboriginal people and non-Aboriginal people. The interviews took place from September to November 2009.
The interviews show that many stakeholders agree with the risk-focused prevention literature on risk factors and that there are prevention programs operating in Winnipeg serving at-risk Aboriginal people. Therefore, there exists the possibility of reducing crime given that they are tackling risk factors in a way which is consistent with crime prevention research.
However, when the interviews turned to issues of implementation, it showed:
• There is no responsibility centre to mobilize different sectors to tackle crime
• Many programs are not implemented comprehensively
• There is a lack of localized coordinated action (including support from the police chief and public engagement)
• There is a lack of political leadership
• There is no city-wide strategic plan, and
• Programs are in constant competition for funding in order to continue operations.
If we are to reduce the disproportionate rates of victimization and offending affecting urban Aboriginal peoples, we need to find more effective ways to implement the strategies that are proven to tackle risk factors. There must be support from the mayor and police chief, training and capacity development, and public engagement which fosters strong use of proven strategies. A responsibility centre with Aboriginal representation must be created. Funding must be expanded to support the community based organizations that are tackling established risk factors. Finally, sustained and adequate funding must be provided to these programs and the responsibility centre.
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Dalen, Elvira Caroline van. "Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity during and after treatment for childhood cancer long-term risk, risk factors and prevention /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2007. http://dare.uva.nl/document/45398.
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Smith, Brian H. "The effects of community level adoption of a risk- and protection-focused prevention framework on school-based prevention activities /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8147.
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Hongu, Nobuko, Kiah J. Farr, and Patrick J. Gallaway. "BREAST CANCER PREVENTION: EXERCISE AND HEALTHY DIET." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625434.
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6 pp.Research has shown a correlation between a healthy diet and reduced risk of breast cancer. Additional research is also demonstrating a link between regular physical activity and the reduction of breast cancer risk. A healthy diet is beneficial for the prevention of numerous diseases, including breast cancer. Regular physical activity is preventative for many diseases and health concerns, including breast cancer. This article outlines basic information about breast cancer, risk factors related to diet and physical activity, and breast cancer prevention through healthy diet and physical activity.
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Jonasson, Maria. "Sjuksköterskans preventionsåtgärder vid självmordsrisk." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10335.
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Idag är det 1500 personer som varje år tar sitt liv i Sverige, vilket är 28 personer varje vecka. Det är lika många som i en vanlig skolklass. Preventionsåtgärder finns och används, men då många av dem som tar sina liv tidigare varit i kontakt med vården, kan slutsatsen dras att preventionerna måste vara ofullständiga. Syftet med den här litteraturstudien var att beskriva vårdpersonals preventionsåtgärder i vården av personer med självmordsrisk. Studien utfördes som en litteraturstudie, där vetenskapligt material samlades in från olika databaser. Materialet som framkom fokuserade på sjuksköterskans preventiva åtgärder för dem som vill ta sitt liv. Under analysen av materialet framträdde det fem olika kategorier. Att utöka kunskapen, identifiering av riskfaktorer, ett terapeutiskt förhållande, utbildning för allmänheten och anhörigas funktion. Ett flertal av artiklarna visade att sjuksköterskorna kände att det fanns en kunskapsbrist. De visade även att mer av sjuksköterskans resurser bör läggas på att utbilda allmänheten i självmordspreventioner och att det fanns behov av att relationen mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten var god. Mycket av forskningen visade sig behandla alla med självmordsrisk som en homogen grupp utan ett nödvändigt individperspektiv.Today 1500 people commit suicide in Sweden every year, which are 28 people every week. It’s the size of a normal school class. Prevention strategies exist and are used, but still many people who die from suicide have been in contact with care facilities. A conclusion can be drawn that prevention strategies must be incomplete. The aim of this study was to describe medical staff prevention strategies when caring for people at risk of suicide. The study was executed as a literature review, where all of the material was collected from a number of databases. The material should focus on the nurse’s prevention strategies for people at risk of suicide. During the analysis of the material five categories appeared. To expand knowledge, identify risk factors, a therapeutic relationship, education for the public and support from relatives. Many of the articles showed that the nurses felt a need of more knowledge. It also showed that more resources should go into educating the public in suicide awareness and that the relationship between nurses and patients have to be good. There were also indications that there was a need of focusing on individual care.
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Beda, Boniface. "Sjuksköterskans preventionsåtgärder i omvårdnad av personer med självmordsrisk : en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10381.
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Bakgrund: Självmord är ett existentiellt problem och varje självmordshandling är ett rop på hjälp. Det är drygt en miljon människor, som begår självmord varje år över hela världen, men det är tio gånger fler som försöker ta sitt liv. Uppskattningsvis dör 1500 personer varje år till följd av självmord i Sverige. En del av dessa personer har varit i kontakt med vården under sin sista månad i livet på grund av självmordsproblematik. Syftet: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans preventionsåtgärder i omvårdnaden av personer med självmordsrisk. Metod: En litteraturstudie som baseras på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar som består av både kvantitativa och kvalitativa studier. Resultat: I analysen av artiklarna framkommer fyra kategorier som beskrivs: Att utöka kunskaperna om prevention, förmåga att identifiera riskfaktorer, ett terapeutiskt förhållningssätt samt ett preventivt socialt stödsystem. Diskussion: Resultatet visar att sjuksköterskan kan använda sig av alla kategorierna för att ge ett gynnsamt stöd till personer med självmordsrisk. De fyra kategorierna är beroende av varandra för att förbättra omvårdnaden till självmordsnära personer. Om preventionen brister inom någon kategori försämras patientens möjligheter att hantera sin livssituation. Slutsats: Föreliggande arbete skulle kunna bidra till att ge information till sjuksköterskor om preventionsåtgärder för att förebygga och hantera självmordshandlingar samt höja livskvaliteten hos självmordsbenägna personer.Background: Suicide is a problem of existence and each suicide act is a call for help. It is just over 1 million people committing suicide in the whole world every year, which means that ten times more are trying to take their lives. Approximately 1 500 people are dying of suicide in Sweden every year. Some of them have been in contact with the health care system during the last month in their life because of a suicide problem. Purpose: The aim of this essay is to describe the nurses´ prevention strategies for people at a risk of suicide. Method: A literature review based on 11 articles on qualitative and quantitative articles. Results: The analysis of the material showed four crucial categories to be important to handle the risk of suicide: to expand knowledge on prevention, ability to identify risk factors, a therapeutic approach and a preventive social support system. Discussion: The findings discussed show the nurse has to employ all the categories to give a favourable support for people at a risk of suicide. The four categories are interdependent to improve the caring for people at a risk of suicide. The deficit of prevention in any category could degrade the patient´s opportunities to handle its situation. Conclusion: This article could contribute to give information to nurses´ prevention strategies to prevent and handle suicide acts to improve the quality of life for people at a risk of suicide.
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Kroner, Oliver. "The Alliance for Risk Assessment Dose-Response Framework: Practical Guidance for Risk Practitioners." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1314053236.
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Drawer, Scott. "Risk evaluation in professional football." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7542.
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Risk management is composed of three major elements viz., hazard identification, risk estimation and risk evaluation. The aim of hazard identification and risk estimation is to identify the outcomes from risk, the magnitude of the associated con&quences from risk, and the estimation of the probabilities of these outcomes. Previous work focused on hazard identification and risk estimation and identified the relatively high risks associated with playing professional football. By adhering to the risk management process, the aim of this thesis was to determine the significance of these high risks to football clubs and their players. A theoretical framework was designed to evaluate the influence of player injury on the financial and playing performance of professional football clubs. This framework was also used to assess, through use of cost benefit analysis, the practicalities of investing in suitable injury prevention strategies, to reduce the risks to football clubs and their players. Former professional footballers were surveyed to investigate the long-term medical and socioeconomic consequences associated with the high risks of playing professional football. The results identified the high financial costs associated with player injury on professional football clubs. Although the high risks of player injury have a relatively minor effect on teamperformance of the Premier League clubs, this effect still has a relatively major influence on the financial performance of the club. In contrast, the influence of player injury to teamperformance was relatively major for Division I and Division 2 clubs, but this had a relatively minor effect on financial performance. The application of cost benefit analysis to the investment of specialist personnel to reduce the risks of injury demonstrated that the proposals were practicable for Premier League and Division I clubs only. In addition, it was also demonstrated that the high risks associated with playing professional football have a significant influence on the long-term well-being of foriner players. One-third of former players had been medically diagnosed osteoarthritic in a lower limb joint. The majority of players also perceived that injury had a negative influence on their present and future welfare. The results demonstrate that the consequences associated with the relatively high acute injury risk also have a significant effect on the financial and playing performance of football clubs and the future welfare of their players.
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Berg, Charlotte C. "Foot-pad dermatitis in broilers and turkeys : prevalence, risk factors and prevention /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5442-5.gif.
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Gao, Chuansi. "Slip and fall risk on ice and snow : identification, evaluation and prevention /." Luleå, 2004.
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Crabb, Shona. "A discursive analysis of accounts of breast cancer screening, risk and prevention." Click here to access, 2006. http://thesis.library.adelaide.edu.au/public/adt-SUA20070214.101612/index.html.
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