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Journal articles on the topic 'Prevention, risk'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Menegatti, Mario. "Subsidizing risk prevention." Journal of Economics 134, no. 2 (May 22, 2021): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00712-021-00744-w.

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AbstractThis work examines the effects of different kinds of subsidies on risk prevention from a theoretical standpoint. We show that both a subsidy on the cost of prevention activities and a subsidy on wealth have ambiguous effects on the level of present contemporaneous prevention. Similar kinds of subsidies have however increasing effects on the level of advance prevention and, under plausible assumptions, on future levels of contemporaneous prevention. We also show that social security subsidies may have decreasing effects on prevention activities while a kind of reverse social security has an increasing effects on them. This indicates that there is a trade-off between the social security aim of mitigating the negative consequences of bad events and the prevention aim of incentivizing choices which reduce the probability that these bad events occur.
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2

Lim, Wendy. "Prevention of thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome." Hematology 2016, no. 1 (December 2, 2016): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.707.

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Abstract Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired autoimmune condition characterized by thrombotic events, pregnancy morbidity, and laboratory evidence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Management of these patients includes the prevention of a first thrombotic episode in at-risk patients (primary prevention) and preventing recurrent thrombotic complications in patients with a history of thrombosis (secondary prevention). Assessment of thrombotic risk in these patients, balanced against estimated bleeding risks associated with antithrombotic therapy could assist clinicians in determining whether antithrombotic therapy is warranted. Thrombotic risk can be assessed by evaluating a patient’s aPL profile and additional thrombotic risk factors. Although antithrombotic options for secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been evaluated in clinical trials, studies in primary prevention of asymptomatic aPL-positive patients are needed. Primary prevention with aspirin may be considered in asymptomatic patients who have a high-risk aPL profile, particularly if additional risk factors are present. Secondary prevention with long-term anticoagulation is recommended based on estimated risks of VTE recurrence, although routine evaluation of thrombotic risk can assist in determining whether ongoing anticoagulation is warranted. Studies that stratify thrombotic risk in aPL-positive patients, and patients with APS evaluating antithrombotic and non-antithrombotic therapies will be useful in optimizing the management of these patients.
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3

COCHRAN, LESSIE L., and JOHN T. NEISWORTH. "Risk, Resilience & Prevention." Journal of Early Intervention 19, no. 4 (October 1995): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105381519501900409.

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4

Zipursky, Robert, Robin Emsley, and S. Charles Schulz. "RELAPSE – RISK AND PREVENTION." Schizophrenia Research 153 (April 2014): S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(14)70119-7.

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5

Offord, D. R., and H. C. Kraemer. "Risk factors and prevention." Evidence-Based Mental Health 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebmh.3.3.70.

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6

Eggleston, Karen, Randall P. Ellis, and Mingshan Lu. "Risk adjustment and prevention." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique 45, no. 4 (November 2012): 1586–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5982.2012.01747.x.

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7

Novysedláková, Mária, and RĂłbert Ĺ eliga. "PREVENTION OF RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN NURSING." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 24, 2017): 988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.1057.

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Introduction: Cardiovascular disease, in terms of its frequency, the severity of organ damage, and the consequences for the health of the population constitutes one of the most pressing problems of our population. The prevention of subsequent coronary events and the maintenance of physical functioning in such patients are a major challenge in preventive care. However, many patients opt for a change in their lifestyle, some with the support of a health professional.Objective: This empirical survey focuses on the knowledge of respondents about preventing cardiovascular disease. Statistical methods determine the differences between males and females in attending preventive check-ups, understanding and observing risk factors in their lifestyle, and having an interest in changing their lifestyle.Methods: The survey uses a non-standardized questionnaire. Apart from demographic data, the questionnaire had 10 items assessing the respondent’s knowledge of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, 10 on lifestyle and attitudes to the change in lifestyle, and five regarding their interest in education about the subject. Exploratory data includes answers from 70 respondents, who were outpatients in a general practitioner’s department. Of these, 32 are males (46.0%) and 38 are females (54.0%). Results of the survey are analyzed using the Chi-Squared test. Results: Fifty-four of the 70 respondents (55.7%; 20 males and 34 females) undertake preventive check-ups at the general practitioner’s department at least once in two years. No significant differences present between males and females in attending preventive check-ups (χ2 = 3.455; df = 1; P = 0.05) and in showing a willingness for a lifestyle change (χ2 = 1.789; P = 0.05). However, based on the given data, a significant difference presents between males and females regarding proper regime observance (χ2 = 18.651; df = 1; P = 0.05). For example, females know the observance of a healthy diet is necessary for preventing ischemic heart disease (χ2 = 20.124; df = 1; P = 0.05).Conclusion: The study shows that the difference between males and females is significant regarding their understanding of risk factors related to lifestyle and proper regime observance. Thus, education could lead to reducing or eliminating such risk factors. Prevention of risk factors is complex and lifelong. Under conditions of the Slovak health service, registered nurses are responsible for the education of patients.
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8

Meijer, J. W. G., T. P. Links, A. J. Smit, J. W. Groothoff, and W. H. Eisma. "Evaluation of a screening and prevention programme for diabetic foot complications." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 25, no. 2 (August 2001): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640108726586.

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Foot complications in diabetes can be decreased by preventive measures. The authors evaluated the current diabetic foot screening and prevention programme of the diabetes outpatient clinic of their university hospital, by assessing the presence of risk factors for the development of foot disorders and the preventive measures taken. Fifty (50) diabetic patients not known to have foot complications were selected at random. Risk factors and preventive measures were inventarised with the Coleman risk-categorization system and the Preventive Measures Scale, respectively. Sixty per cent (60%) of the patients were at risk of developing diabetic foot complications. The preventive measures were low in these patients. Patient knowledge was insufficient and behaviour even worse. Basal preventive shoe adaptations were absent in most patients at risk. No relation between risk category and the preventional status was found. Cross-sectional examination at a university outpatient clinic showed serious risk profiles for foot complications, which were not balanced by the application of generally accepted preventive measures. At the outpatient clinic, screening should be optimised.
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9

Perry, Susan B., and Patricia A. Downey. "Fracture Risk and Prevention: A Multidimensional Approach." Physical Therapy 92, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 164–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20100383.

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Although physical therapists commonly manage neuromusculoskeletal disorders and injuries, their scope of practice also includes prevention and wellness. In particular, this perspective article proposes that physical therapists are well positioned to address the client's skeletal health by incorporating fracture prevention into clinical practice with all adults. Fracture prevention consists primarily of maximizing bone strength and preventing falls. Both of these initiatives require an evidence-based, multidimensional approach that customizes interventions based on an individual's medical history, risk factors, and personal goals. The purposes of this perspective article are: (1) to review the role of exercise and nutrition in bone health and disease; (2) to introduce the use of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®) into physical therapist practice; (3) to review the causes and prevention of falls; and (4) to propose a role for the physical therapist in promotion of bone health for all adult clients, ideally to help prevent fractures and their potentially devastating sequelae.
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10

Kan, Xinyang, Jianping Wu, and Qingjun Meng. "China’s Internet Financial Risks and Risk Prevention Research." Modern Economy 06, no. 08 (2015): 857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/me.2015.68080.

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11

GAJOS, MAŁGORZATA, RADOSŁAW PERKOWSKI, AGNIESZKA KUJAWSKA, JOANNA ANDROSIUK, JOANNA WYDRA, and KAROLINA FILIPSKA. "PHYSIOTHERAPY METHODS IN PREVENTION OF FALLS IN ELDERLY PEOPLE." Journal of Education Culture and Society 7, no. 1 (June 28, 2016): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20161.92.102.

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The process of population ageing is observed not only in Poland but also in other European countries. Physiological processes of ageing reduces the functional capacity. In particular, associated diseases, progressive weakness and failure of the motor system increases the risk of collapse in seniors. Dangerous consequences of falls, inter alia, injuries, can often cause death, what justifies its classification as a so-called geriatric giant. Health and psychosocial consequences of falls should be noted. Therefore, there is a great need for induction of preventive measures. Many results of studies constantly show, that an effective intervention in preventing falls in seniors should include, first and foremost, multidirectional rehabilitation, which aims to improve balance and increase postural strength muscle. In addition, prevention should include: patient education, pharmacotherapy prescribed by a medical specialist, eyesight improvement, elimination of potential risks surrounding the patient. The introduction of multi-directional prevention of falls can reduce the risk of their occurrence up to 50%
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Gladstone, Tracy R. G., and William R. Beardslee. "The Prevention of Depression in At-Risk Adolescents: Current and Future Directions." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 14, no. 1 (January 2000): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.14.1.9.

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Beardslee’s (1990) innovative research on preventive intervention for youth depression will be introduced. Beardslee and colleagues have focused their work on families with parental affective disorder, with the goal of preventing the onset of disorder in nonsymptomatic early adolescents aged 8 to 15 years. In a longitudinal study of 100 families, Beardslee and colleagues have developed, implemented, and evaluated two preventive intervention protocols (clinician-facilitated and lecture) designed to promote resilient traits and to modify the risk factors associated with parental affective illness. These protocols are outlined, initial results are reported, and implications for the prevention of disorder in at-risk youth will be discussed. In addition, research directions we are currently pursuing, and future directions for research, are introduced.
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13

Capra, Maria Elena, Cristina Pederiva, Claudia Viggiano, Raffaella De Santis, Giuseppe Banderali, and Giacomo Biasucci. "Nutritional Approach to Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Childhood." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 10, 2021): 2359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072359.

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Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a major mortality and morbidity cause in adulthood worldwide. The atherosclerotic process starts even before birth, progresses through childhood and, if not stopped, eventually leads to CHD. Therefore, it is important to start prevention from the earliest stages of life. CHD prevention can be performed at different interventional stages: primordial prevention is aimed at preventing risk factors, primary prevention is aimed at early identification and treatment of risk factors, secondary prevention is aimed at reducing the risk of further events in those patients who have already experienced a CHD event. In this context, CHD risk stratification is of utmost importance, in order to tailor the preventive and therapeutic approach. Nutritional intervention is the milestone treatment in pediatric patients at increased CHD risk. According to the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease theory, the origins of lifestyle-related disease is formed in the so called “first thousand days” from conception, when an insult, either positive or negative, can cause life-lasting consequences. Nutrition is a positive epigenetic factor: an adequate nutritional intervention in a developmental critical period can change the outcome from childhood into adulthood.
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14

Levshin, Vladimir, and A. Zavelskaya. "RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTION OF CERVICAL CANCER." Problems in oncology 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 506–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2017-63-3-506-516.

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An analytical review of research in the field of epidemiology and carcinogenesis of cervical cancer and measures and technologies for the prevention of this form of cancer has been carried out. There are considered data on the main proven risk factors for cervical cancer, which are as follows: certain characteristics of sexual behavior and reproductive history, sexual infections and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), tobacco smoking and some other lifestyle characteristics. According to world reference data the analysis of existing methods of cervical cancer prevention including sanitation, HPV vaccination and various types of screening for cervical cancer was conducted. Data on the significance, effectiveness and availability of various preventive technologies are presented.
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15

Nagasaka, Toshinari, Hiroaki Tsubokawa, Yuichiro Usuda, Shingo Nagamatsu, Shinya Miura, and Saburo Ikeda. "Participatory Risk Communication Method for Risk Governance Using Disaster Risk Scenarios." Journal of Disaster Research 3, no. 6 (December 1, 2008): 442–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2008.p0442.

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The capability of resident-led responses to disasters has declined in recent years due to rapid changes in social and urban structures in Japan. In order to improve regional disaster prevention capabilities with regard to disaster risk, which includes a multitude of uncertainties induced by societal changes, it is necessary to reorganize conventional ways of disaster risk management from top-down to bottom-up principle of complementarity with residents as the base point. A multilayered disaster prevention system, corresponded to the diversity of local self-governing activities by residents in ordinary times, would improve regional capabilities for disaster prevention and also increase the likelihood that these capabilities could be expressed in the response at the time of a disaster. This is what we postulate in this paper as a new mode of 'disaster risk governance'. The effectiveness of this postulation will be verified based on a case study of the disaster response by residents in the Kitajo district of Kashiwazaki City, Niigata Prefecture at the time of the Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake, which occurred on July 16, 2007. On that basis, we have developed a new disaster risk communication method in which residents and other stakeholders can ; i) develop an awareness of the current situation of the disaster risk governance structure and related problems, ii) organize a variety of district self-government networks in ordinary times, iii) build a multilayered disaster prevention system that makes use of those networks and other local resources for disaster prevention, and iv) link these efforts to specific disaster prevention activities. To confirm its effectiveness, we have applied this method to the residents-led workshops with voluntary disaster prevention organizations in Fujisawa City, Kanagawa Prefecture.
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16

Bulotiene, Giedre, and Kamile Pociute. "Interventions for reducing suicide risk in cancer patients: A literature review." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 15, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v15i3.1741.

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The suicide risk of people diagnosed with cancer is two times higher than the general population. The number of cases of diagnosed cancer is estimated to rise by 70% over the next two decades. Evidence-based prevention strategies are necessary to protect this vulnerable group of individuals. The purpose of this review was to find out the risk factors of suicide and which types of interventions can serve as prevention strategies. Psychosocial interventions, pharmacotherapy and physical activity can play a preventive role in reducing psychosocial and physical risk factors, such as mental disorders, poor social support, poor performance status and pain. Further research is needed to develop effective suicide prevention strategies for cancer patients.
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17

Ngigi Nyakarimi, Samuel, Samuel Nduati Kariuki, and Peter Wang ’ombe Kariuki. "Risk Assessment and Fraud Prevention in Banking Sector." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 61 (January 5, 2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.61.13.20.

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The objective of the study was to assess the effect of risk assessment on fraud prevention in banking industry in Kenya. The study involved all banks in Kenya. Descriptive and correlational research designs were used in this study. Factor analysis was undertaken to reduce the factors and remain with factors that had higher loading which was determined through the use of Eigen values. Correlation analysis was applied to determine the strength and direction of relationship between variables and regression analysis based on structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesis. The descriptive analysis showed that the respondents strongly agreed that the parameters put in place are capable of preventing fraud in banks. The hypothesis testing showed that risk assessment has significant effect on fraud prevention in banking industry in Kenya. From the results of tests, it was concluded that the risk assessment mechanisms put in place to assess the risks have significant effect in fraud prevention and as such they should be enhanced to completely prevent fraud in banking sector.
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18

Gail, Mitchell H., and David Pee. "Robustness of risk-based allocation of resources for disease prevention." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 29, no. 12 (June 17, 2020): 3511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280220930055.

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Risk models for disease incidence can be useful for allocating resources for disease prevention if risk assessment is not too expensive. Assume there is a preventive intervention that should be given to everyone, but preventive resources are limited. We optimize risk-based prevention strategies and investigate robustness to modeling assumptions. The optimal strategy defines the proportion of the population to be given risk assessment and who should be offered intervention. The optimal strategy depends on the ratio of available resources to resources needed to intervene on everyone, and on the ratio of the costs of risk assessment to intervention. Risk assessment is not recommended if it is too expensive. Preventive efficiency decreases with decreasing compliance to risk assessment or intervention. Risk measurement error has little effect nor does misspecification of the risk distribution. Ignoring population substructure has small effects on optimal prevention strategy but can lead to modest over- or under-spending. We give conditions under which ignoring population substructure has no effect on optimal strategy. Thus, a simple one-population model offers robust guidance on prevention strategy but requires data on available resources, costs of risk assessment and intervention, population risk distribution, and probabilities of acceptance of risk assessment and intervention.
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Ilyés, István, Zoltán Jancsó, and Attila Simay. "Trends and current questions of cardiovascular prevention in primary health care." Orvosi Hetilap 153, no. 39 (September 2012): 1536–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29442.

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Although an impressive progress has been achieved in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, they are at the top of the mortality statistics in Hungary. Prevention of these diseases is an essential task of the primary health care. Cardiovascular prevention is carried out at primary, secondary and tertiary levels using risk group and population preventive strategies. The two main tasks of primary cardiovascular prevention are health promotion and cardiovascular disease prevention, and its main programs are ensuring healthy nutrition, improving physical training and accomplishing an anti-smoking program. The essential form of secondary prevention is the screening activity of the primary health care. The majority of cardiovascular risk factors can be discovered during the doctor–patient consultation, but laboratory screening is needed for assessing metabolic risks. The official screening rules of the cardiovascular risk factors and diseases are based on diagnostic criteria of the metabolic syndrome; however, nowadays revealing of global cardiometabolic risks is also necessary. In patients without cardiovascular diseases but with risk factors, a cardiovascular risk estimation has to be performed. In primary care, there is a possibility for long term follow-up and continuous care of patients with chronic diseases, which is the main form of the tertiary prevention. In patients with cardiovascular diseases, ranking to cardiovascular risk groups is a very important task since target values of continuous care depend on which risk group they belong to. The methods used during continuous care are lifestyle therapy, specific pharmacotherapy and organ protection with drugs. Combined health education and counselling is the next element of the primary health care prevention; it is a tool that helps primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Changes needed for improving cardiovascular prevention in primary care are the following: appropriate evaluation of primary prevention, health education and counselling, renewal of the cardiovascular screening system based on the notion of global cardiometabolic risk, creating a unified cardiovascular prevention guideline, and operating primary care cardiovascular prevention within the framework of an integrated prevention system. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1536–1546.
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Durand-Réville, Julien. "Pesticide risk: prevention and reconciliation." Environnement Risques Santé 19, no. 2 (April 2020): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/ers.2020.1407.

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21

Arakawa, Hirokazu. "Risk factors and its prevention." Nihon Shoni Arerugi Gakkaishi. The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology 26, no. 4 (2012): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3388/jspaci.26.633.

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Brandi, Giovanni, Stefania De Lorenzo, and Francesco Tovoli. "Cholangiocarcinoma: from risk to prevention?" Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology 1 (June 24, 2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tgh.2016.06.02.

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23

Kraushar, Marvin F. "Toward More Effective Risk Prevention." Survey of Ophthalmology 54, no. 1 (January 2009): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.10.007.

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Goodwin, Frederick K., S. Nassir Ghaemi, and Eric Hollander. "Suicide: Risk, Impact, and Prevention." CNS Spectrums 5, S1 (February 2000): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900023221.

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The power of the life force is striking—in even among the most abominable conditions, like concentration camps, suicide remains relatively uncommon. Yet some human beings appear to harbor a powerful destructive force, which can under certain conditions manifest itself in violence, homicide, or suicide. Suicide has been with us since the beginning of history; it has often been romanticized, or viewed as an understandable escape from an intolerable situation. Philosophers and writers from William James to Albert Camus to Goethe have tended to view suicide as a window into the human condition, perhaps extreme but nevertheless a reflection of our shared humanity. However, highly reliable research has shown that suicide is, by and large, not a window into the human condition, but rather a manifestation of a disturbance—an abnormality of the human condition—a mental disorder.Physicians know that the primary goal of medical treatment (after first doing no harm) is to prevent death. Death is the ultimate enemy in medical illness. In psychiatric illness, this enemy usually appears in the guise of suicide; the illness uses the hands of patients to wreak its havoc. To reduce mortality in psychiatric conditions, then, means to reduce suicide. It is indeed striking how little this matter has been analyzed. Little data are available on mortality with medications that are researched and approved for psychiatric illness. This would not be acceptable for medical illnesses outside of psychiatry today; it should not be the case in psychiatric illnesses either.
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O'Malley, Pat. "Risk, power and crime prevention." Economy and Society 21, no. 3 (August 1992): 252–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085149200000013.

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Kistorp, Caroline. "Risk Stratification in Secondary Prevention." Circulation 114, no. 3 (July 18, 2006): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.106.639732.

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Welsh, Brandon C. "Review Symposium: Risk for prevention." Theoretical Criminology 15, no. 2 (May 2011): 226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13624806110150020605.

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Vinall, P., and P. Clayton. "Suicide Risk Factors and Prevention." MD Conference Express 9, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155989770903013.

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Hayne, Christopher R. "From Prevention into Risk Management." Physiotherapy 80, no. 12 (December 1994): 861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)60171-x.

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Bogousslavsky, Julien, Markku Kaste, Tom Skyhoj Olsen, Werner Hacke, and Jean-Marc Orgogozo. "Risk Factors and Stroke Prevention." Cerebrovascular Diseases 10, Suppl. 3 (2000): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000047577.

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Mitchell, E. A. "Sids - Risk Factors and Prevention." Pediatric Research 45 (May 1999): 36A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199905020-00143.

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Perry, Margaret. "Stroke:Recognizing risk and advising prevention." Practice Nursing 13, no. 12 (December 6, 2002): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2002.13.12.534.

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Gotay, C., T. Dummer, and J. Spinelli. "Cancer risk: Prevention is crucial." Science 347, no. 6223 (February 5, 2015): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa6462.

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Campello, Elena, Luca Spiezia, Angelo Adamo, and Paolo Simioni. "Thrombophilia, risk factors and prevention." Expert Review of Hematology 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17474086.2019.1583555.

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Gorelick, P. B., and R. L. Sacco. "Stroke Risk and Prevention: Introduction." Stroke 41, no. 10, Supplement 1 (September 27, 2010): S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.110.598433.

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Smith, Radhika K., and David J. Maron. "Epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention." Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery 27, no. 4 (December 2016): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.scrs.2016.04.014.

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Dearing, Beverly, and Debbie Yohn. "High-Risk Adolescent Injury Prevention." Journal of Trauma Nursing 16, no. 4 (October 2009): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jtn.0b013e3181ca07d2.

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Smith, Erin Murphy. "Suicide risk assessment and prevention." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 49, no. 11 (November 2018): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.0000547255.69344.cd.

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39

Frohlich, Jiri, and Ahmad Al-Sarraf. "Cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis prevention." Cardiovascular Pathology 22, no. 1 (January 2013): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carpath.2012.03.001.

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Müller, Norbert. "Risk prevention officer for Europe." Journal of Hazardous Materials 38, no. 1 (July 1994): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(94)00043-3.

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Dzwierzynski, William W. "Melanoma Risk Factors and Prevention." Clinics in Plastic Surgery 48, no. 4 (October 2021): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2021.05.001.

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Xue, Minggao, and Wen Cheng. "Background risk, bivariate risk attitudes, and optimal prevention." Mathematical Social Sciences 66, no. 3 (November 2013): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2013.08.006.

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Deer, Alexarae, Carlyn Ellison, and Linda Struckmeyer. "The Risk Factors and Preventive Measures Regarding Fall-Related Injuries at Home Among Older Adults: A Literature Review." Spring 2021 2, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46409/001.jgwi9785.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors, among older adults, that play a role in causing fall-related injuries in the home as well as to investigate the various preventive measures via a literature review. 14 articles were identified to have met the inclusion/exclusion criteria for this review. The results showed that there were potentially modifiable risk factors (for example, musculoskeletal factors like balance and gait impairment), several available preventive measures (for example, home modifications and medication review), and effective multifactorial programs in preventing falls among older adults. This study also sought to locate gaps in the current literature regarding fall risk prevention in the older adult demographic. Additionally, selected articles were found to neglect the role of occupational therapy in fall prevention.
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Uleckienė, Saulė, Janina Didžiapetrienė, Liudvika Griciūtė, Janina Urbelienė, Vytautas Kasiulevičius, and Virginijus Šapoka. "Risk factors of main cancer sites." Medicina 44, no. 12 (April 7, 2008): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina44120124.

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Cancer prevention is a system of various measures devoted to avoid this disease. Primary cancer prevention means the identification, avoidance, or destruction of known risk factors. The main risk factors are smoking, diet, alcohol consumption, occupational factors, environmental pollution, electromagnetic radiation, infection, medicines, reproductive hormones, and lack of physical activity. Approximately onethird of cancers can be avoided by implementing various preventive measures. The aim of this article was to acquaint medical students, family doctors with risk factors of main cancer sites (lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate).
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45

Fedoseev, A. V., A. S. Inyutin, S. N. Lebedev, and V. S. Shklyar. "PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE VENTRAL HERNIAS AND PREDICTORS OF HERNIATION." Surgical practice, no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.38181/2223-2427-2020-2-50-55.

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The issue of predicting and preventing postoperative ventral hernias is relevant. 450 patients were examined to identify and determine the significance of risk factors, and 71 patients underwent MRI of the anterior abdominal wall to assess the morphology of the anterior abdominal wall. Large and small predictors of herniation are identified. MRI revealed aponeurosis defects that are not physically determined, which is a high risk of postoperative ventral hernias. Based on the risk level of postoperative ventral hernias, their surgical prevention was performed. Patients at low risk should undergo laparorrhaphy with a staggered strengthening suture, at high risk - preventive using a mesh prosthesis, and if it is impossible - laparorrhaphy using a thread from a mesh polypropylene implant according to the developed technique.
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46

Manchanda, Ranjit, and Usha Menon. "Setting the Threshold for Surgical Prevention in Women at Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 28, no. 1 (January 2018): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000001147.

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AbstractThe number of ovarian cancer cases is predicted to rise by 14% in Europe and 55% worldwide over the next 2 decades. The current absence of a screening program, rising drug/treatment costs, and only marginal improvements in survival seen over the past 30 years suggest the need for maximizing primary surgical prevention to reduce the burden of ovarian cancer. Primary surgical prevention through risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is well established as the most effective method for preventing ovarian cancer. In the UK, it has traditionally been offered to high-risk women (>10% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer) who have completed their family. The cost-effectiveness of RRSO in BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers older than 35 years is well established. Recently, RRSO has been shown to be cost-effective in postmenopausal women at lifetime ovarian cancer risks of 5% or greater and in premenopausal women at lifetime risks greater than 4%. The acceptability, uptake, and satisfaction with RRSO at these intermediate-risk levels remain to be established. Prospective outcome data on risk-reducing salpingectomy and delayed-oophorectomy for preventing ovarian cancer is lacking, and hence, this is best offered for primary prevention within the context and safe environment of a clinical trial. An estimated 63% of ovarian cancers occur in women with greater than 4% lifetime risk and 53% in those with 5% or greater lifetime-risk. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy can be offered for primary surgical prevention to women at intermediate risk levels (4%–5% to 10%). This includes unaffected women who have completed their family and have RAD51C, RAD51D, or BRIP1 gene mutations; first-degree relatives of women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer; BRCA mutation–negative women from high-risk breast-and-ovarian cancer or ovarian-cancer-only families. In those with BRCA1, RAD51C/RAD51D/MMR mutations and the occasional families with a history of ovarian cancer in their 40s, surgery needs to be considered at younger than 45. In other moderate-risk gene mutation carriers and those with polygenic risk, RRSO needs be considered at 50. There is need for establishment/expansion of well-defined pathways to increase clinical access to RRSO. It is time to lower the risk threshold for RRSO to enable introduction of a targeted primary prevention approach, which could significantly impact the future burden of ovarian cancer.
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47

ZAKHARCHUK, Oksana, Oksana KOVALYK, and Kseniia KOVTUNENKO. "Preventive risk management in the enterprise." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 5/1 (May 26, 2021): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.5(1).5.

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In modern conditions, when changes in the external environment occur quite often, the probability of risks increases, there is a need to study and develop a risk management system for each enterprise separately, depending on its specifics. The article considers the main definitions of risk, its impact on the company's activities. The main types of risks that arise in any direction of business activity are considered. The impact of these risks on the company's activities is determined. It is determined that each risk can be considered as a negative financial result of activity or the probability of loss of profit, as well as a positive result of activity in the form of additional unplanned profit. The article considers risk management at the enterprise as an integrated system. Each stage of the risk management process is considered as a separate element and as one component of the whole process. There are three approaches to risk management: adaptive, integrated, and preventive. One of the methods of risk management the article considers the preventive method, the mechanism of its implementation. Preventive management is considered from the point of view of a scientific approach as a process of developing and implementing coordinated preventive actions aimed at preventing and minimizing losses from the impact of possible risks on the enterprise. The main task of preventive management is defined, which is to identify and eliminate possible causes of risk. The use of the preventive method and its impact on the interrelation of each activity process are prescribed. It also describes the need to introduce preventive analysis and assess the impact of internal and external factors on business activities. It is determined that the active application of the risk management system using the preventive method, provided that it quickly responds to changes that occur during the company's activities, forms a risk prevention system that allows you to work continuously and covers all areas of activity of all structural divisions of the enterprise, changing the general principles and generally accepted management culture.
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McLoughlin, Stephen. "Rethinking the Structural Prevention of Mass Atrocities." Global Responsibility to Protect 6, no. 4 (November 27, 2014): 407–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00604004.

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Interest amongst scholars and policy decision-makers in the prevention of genocide and other mass atrocities has grown in recent years. Despite this, many have overlooked problems inherent in the commonly accepted notion of prevention. Crystalized in the Carnegie Commission’s 1997 report, ‘Preventing Deadly Conflict’, prevention has typically been understood in two parts, one addressing impending cases of violence (direct prevention) and the other focusing on the underlying causes of violence (structural prevention). The concept of structural prevention is especially problematic. Commonly defined as the identification and addressing of ‘root causes’, this conceptualisation contains at least two limitations: first, there is an implicit assumption that root causes lead inevitably to violence, and second, there has been a tendency for international actors to decide, in general and global terms, what counts as root causes and how to ameliorate them, downplaying the role of local contexts and overlooking the preventive work of local and national actors. This article argues that the concept of structural prevention needs broadening to incorporate an understanding of the dynamic interaction between the risk that root causes pose, and locally-based mitigation factors that foster resilience. Effective long-term prevention should be based – not only on identifying and ameliorating negative characteristics in countries at risk – but also on contributing to the complex management of diversity. While this makes intuitive sense – and may in fact reflect the reality of how much preventive work is done – such an approach has not hitherto been reflected in conceptual understandings of prevention adopted by the United Nations, as well as academic researchers.
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Canyon, Deon V. "The state of risk prevention in a sample of Australian hospitals, medical centres and allied health services." Australian Journal of Primary Health 19, no. 3 (2013): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11133.

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This paper reports on an investigation into five risk prevention factors (technology, people, organisational structure, culture and top management psychology) to inform organisational preparedness planning and to update managers on the state of health care services. Data were collected by means of a 10-question, cross-sectional survey of key decision-making executives in eight different types of 75 health care organisations. Many organisations were found to have deficient risk prevention practices and allied health organisations were considerably worse than health organisations. Forty per cent of hospitals and chiropractic practices had out-dated or poor technology. Results on organisational culture and structure found that many executives associate these factors with risk prevention, but none of them appreciate the relationship between these factors and crisis causation. Gaps and areas for improvement are identified and a change in top management attitude is recommended to address resource allocation and implement appropriate risk prevention systems and mechanisms. Reactive managers need to increase their awareness of risks in order to become capable of preventing them. Proactive managers are those who invest in risk prevention.
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50

Stavchenko, S. V. "Crisis consultations as a component of political management." Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" 21, no. 7 (August 17, 2018): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/171890.

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It is determined that crisis consultations represent a set of measures aimed at stabilizing the situation of a particular subject, solving a set of problems associated with the maximum increase in the efficiency of the activity. The following types of crisis consultations are singled out: direct consultations of managers; implementation of advisory activities (consultations on emerging problems, diagnosis of the organization, definition of a crisis strategy, development of a plan of measures for crisis prevention, risk assessment and follow-up of its implementation, support of the organization during the implementation of the plan for crisis prevention, development of preventive measures in relation to avoidance of crisis phenomena); crisis reflexive games (training of managers and staff); case study review; use of benchmarking methods. The role of crisis analysis in conducting crisis consultations has been determined. It was emphasized that crisis analysis enables to prevent and plan possible crisis situations, ways of their neutralization and overcoming with minimal expenses for the organization. The role functions of crisis advisers are determined. The stages of crisis management (according to R. Heath) are revealed: prevention – prevention of crisis risks, analysis of losses for business; readiness – awareness of the probability of crises, staff training; salvation – drawing up plans, preventing consequences; recovery – recovery of effective production, assessment of the crisis. The types of crisis management are distinguished: preventive, aimed at analyzing the indicators of the crisis and identifying its causes and factors for timely prevention or minimization of possible crisis processes; an anticipatory, the essence of which is to develop goals and objectives for leadership in order to prevent crisis phenomena. A demarcation of crisis management and risk management has been conducted: if crisis management is primarily a process of responding to already existing serious threats to one or another organization or to events that have already occurred, risk management is associated with the process of identifying certain risks mainly for future activities organization, as well as the appropriate acceptance of these risks or their elimination.
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