Books: 'Preventive and corrective measure'

1

Samakkān, Sanit. Nǣokhwāmkhit læ nǣothāng kānsưksā panhā sangkhom kap panhā sangkhom Thai læ māttrakān pō̜ngkan kǣkhai =: Concepts and approaches to social problems and Thai social problems with preventive and corrective measures. Krung Thēp: Khrōngkān Songsœ̄m ʻĒkkasān Wichākān, Sathāban Bandit Phatthanabō̜rihānsāt, 2005.

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2

Kyle, Patricia. Opportunities and options in classroom management: Effective teaching, preventive strategies, corrective strategies, supportive techniques. Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon, 2004.

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3

California. Legislature. Senate. Select Committee on Drug and Alcohol Abuse. Public forum, the war against substance abuse: Utilization of the celebrity positive role model theory as a preventive measure. Sacramento, CA: Joint Publications, 1986.

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4

Kalousek, Joseph. Corrective and preventive rail grinding--evaluation of the field tests =: Meulage préventif et meulage correctif des rails--évaluation des essais sur le terrain. [Ottawa, Ont.]: National Research Council Canada, Div. of Mechanical Engineering, 1990.

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5

Pran, Pahwa, and United Service Institution of India., eds. The influence of contemporary politics and societal changes on the Indian armed forces: Likely implications and need for institutional corrective measure : national security lecture. New Delhi: United Service Institution of India, 1999.

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6

Ulyanina, Olga, Azalia Zinatullina, and Elena Lyubka. Countering terrorism: psychological assistance to students and the formation of a safe type of personality. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02048-7.

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The manual describes a program of psychological support for students exposed to the ideology of terrorism or falling under the influence of this ideology. In this regard, the content of educational, psychodiagnostic, correctional and developmental stages of its implementation is revealed. The paper presents an algorithm for conducting psychological counseling with students and recommendations for parents on psychological support for children exposed to the ideology of terrorism. The practical tools described in the manual can be used in the framework of preventive and corrective work with participants in the educational process. The developed materials are addressed to education administrators, teachers, educational psychologists of educational organizations and parents.

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7

California. Legislature. Senate. Select Committee on Drug and Alcohol Abuse. Public forum: The war against substance abuse-utilization of the celebrity positive role model theory as preventive measure : University of California at Los Angeles, Press Room, J.D. Morgan Center, December 9, 1985, 9:30 a.m.-1:00 p.m. Sacramento, CA (Box 90, State Capitol, Sacramento 95814): May be purchased from Joint Publications, 1985.

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8

Leak prevention and corrective action technology for underground storage tanks. Park Ridge, N.J: Noyes Data Corporation, 1988.

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9

Ketola, Jeanne, and Kathy Roberts. Correct! Prevent! Improve: Driving Improvement Through Problem Solving and Corrective and Preventive Action. ASQ Quality Press, 2003.

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10

Butkov, Nic. Polysomnography. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0007.

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This chapter provides an overview of the sleep recording process, including the application of electrodes and sensors to the patient, instrumentation, signal processing, digital polysomnography (PSG), and artifact recognition. Topics discussed include indications for PSG, standard recording parameters, patient preparation, electrode placement for recording the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), and electrocardiogram (ECG), the use of respiratory transducers, oximetry, signal processing, filters, digital data display, electrical safety, and patient monitoring. This chapter also includes record samples of the various types of recording artifacts commonly found in sleep studies, with a detailed description of their causes, preventative measures, and recommended corrective actions.

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11

Merzenich, Michael M. Aging, Brain Plasticity, and Integrative Preventive Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190241254.003.0016.

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This chapter reviews aging and the brain from an important, alternative, still-underappreciated scientific and medical perspective. It briefly describes the history of brain plasticity-related neuroscience, then describes change processes that shape our brains in ways that ultimately distinguish the typical struggling older versus peak-performing younger brain. It considers how and why processes that contribute to personal growth at a younger age are commonly thrown into reverse at an older age. It reviews the development of new brain science–based tools that appear to throw the “plasticity switch” for brain health back in a corrective and strengthening direction, where change processes again support the growth and the more reliable maintenance of physical and functional brain health. Finally, it summarizes how this translational science shall almost certainly evolve to enable a new, neuroscience-directed medical era of brain health management for our older-age populations.

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12

Kotseva, Kornelia, Neil Oldridge, and Massimo F. Piepoli. Evaluation of preventive cardiology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0026.

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The Joint European Societies guidelines on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention define lifestyle and risk factor targets for patients with coronary or other atherosclerotic disease and people at high risk of developing CVD. However, several surveys in Europe and the United States showed inadequate lifestyle and risk factor management and under-use of prophylactic drug therapies in primary and secondary CVD prevention. Various professional associations have developed core components, standards, and outcome measures to evaluate quality of care and provide guidelines for identifying opportunities for improvements. Optimal control of cardiovascular risk factors is one of the most effective methods for reducing vascular events in patients with atherosclerotic disease or high cardiovascular risk. Improving treatment adherence is also very important. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is considered as an outcome measure in research studies and in clinical practice. HRQL measures can help in improving patient-clinician communication, screening, monitoring, and continuous assessment of quality of care.

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13

Kotseva, Kornelia, Neil Oldridge, and Massimo F. Piepoli. Evaluation of preventive cardiology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0026_update_001.

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The Joint European Societies guidelines on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention define lifestyle and risk factor targets for patients with coronary or other atherosclerotic disease and people at high risk of developing CVD. However, several surveys in Europe and the United States showed inadequate lifestyle and risk factor management and under-use of prophylactic drug therapies in primary and secondary CVD prevention. Various professional associations have developed core components, standards, and outcome measures to evaluate quality of care and provide guidelines for identifying opportunities for improvements. Optimal control of cardiovascular risk factors is one of the most effective methods for reducing vascular events in patients with atherosclerotic disease or high cardiovascular risk. Improving treatment adherence is also very important. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is considered as an outcome measure in research studies and in clinical practice. HRQL measures can help in improving patient-clinician communication, screening, monitoring, and continuous assessment of quality of care.

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14

The effects of a preventive/corrective stability training program on self-reported symptoms of cumulative trauma in a female employee cohort. 1993.

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15

The effects of a preventive/corrective stability training program on self-reported symptoms of cumulative trauma in a female employee cohort. 1993.

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16

The effects of a preventive/corrective stability training program on self-reported symptoms of cumulative trauma in a female employee cohort. 1993.

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17

MUCHEMU, DAVID N. HOW TO DESIGN A WORLD-CLASS Corrective Action Preventive Action SYSTEM FOR FDA-REGULATED INDUSTRIES: A HANDBOOK FOR QUALITY ENGINEERS AND QUALITY MANAGERS. AuthorHouse, 2006.

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18

(US), National Research Council. Giving Full Measure to Countermeasures: Addressing Problems in the DoD Program to Develop Medical Countermeasures Against Biological Warfare Agents. National Academies Press, 2004.

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19

1963-, Joellenbeck Lois M., Durch Jane, Benet Leslie Z, and Committee on Accelerating the Research, Development, and Acquisition of Medical Countermeasures against Biological Warfare Agents., eds. Giving full measure to countermeasures: Addressing problems in the DoD program to develop medical countermeasures against biological warfare agents. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2004.

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20

Abouchakra, Rabih, Mona Hammami, and Jim Hagemann Snabe. The Government’s Catalytic Role in Driving Societal Progress. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825067.003.0016.

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Governments can contribute more effectively and efficiently to societal progress. The traditional government machinery is however inadequate, underfunded and wrongly funded, and still overly focused on economic output rather than societal outcomes. New approaches need to deal better with multidimensional problems, some massive (such as migration), and better integrate behavioral insights and big data. This chapter highlights: (1) outcome-conditional taxes and transfers (such as a sugar tax aimed at obesity, and cash for school attendance family transfers); (2) corrective rather than just preventive regulation (as exemplified by Germany’s paternal leave policy which aims to correct demographic decline); (3) nudge policies (such as opt-out rather than opt-in voluntary pension savings); (4) innovative financing (such as government matching of foreign remittance by expats to finance infrastructure in Mexico); and (5) greater use of big data to compare interventions and outcomes (as attempted by the US Department of Education).

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21

Stegenga, Jacob. Measuring Effectiveness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747048.003.0008.

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There are three methodological challenges to measuring the effectiveness of medical interventions: the choice of good measuring instruments, the use of appropriate analytic measures, and the use of a reliable method of extrapolating measures from an experimental context to a more general context. In practice each of these challenges contributes to overestimating the effectiveness of medical interventions. These challenges suggest corrective principles. The instruments employed in clinical research should measure patient-relevant and disease-specific parameters. Effectiveness always should be measured and reported using absolute outcome measures (such as ‘risk difference’), and we should employ caution when interpreting relative outcome measures (such as ‘relative risk reduction’). Extrapolating from research settings to clinical settings should more rigorously take into account possible ways in which interventions can fail to be effective in a target population. Current regulatory standards for drug approval are insufficient to manage these problems of measurement.

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22

Nauta, Joske, Willem van Mechelen, and Evert ALM Verhagen. Epidemiology and prevention of sports injuries. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0040.

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Although sports injuries in children are common, prevention of these injuries is paramount. In order to set out effective prevention programmes, epidemiological studies need to be conducted on incidence, severity, and aetiology of sports injuries. Furthermore, the effectiveness of a preventive measure must be assessed, and the eventual implementation of a programme closely evaluated. When conducting epidemiological studies in sports injuries the injury definition used can have a large impact on the outcome, especially as the aetiology of sports injuries is highly multi-causal and recursive. In addition to distinguishing between ‘sports injury’, ‘sports injury incidence’ and ‘sports participation’, the severity of the injury must be defined by taking six indices into consideration: nature of sports injuries, duration and nature of treatment, sports time loss, working/school time loss, permanent damage, and costs of sports injuries.

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23

Schiemann, Anja, Clara Remke, and Katharina Büchler, eds. HEADS, KURS & Co. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845297866.

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The monitoring concepts of German federal states aim to protect the public from sex offenders and violent offenders at risk of recidivism, which is intended to be achieved through good cooperation and exchange of information between the agencies involved. This study evaluates these structures and the procedures within the concepts in 10 German federal states. Since those concepts are designed to minimise the risk of recidivism as a preventive measure, a process evaluation offers a good opportunity to examine the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes carried out. In a subsequent comparison, the study identifies weaknesses and mistakes in the concepts in order to submit proposals for their optimisation and initiate further research studies. With contributions by Anja Schiemann, Katharina Büchler, Inge Roith, Ilka Freyhat, Helge Risom, Thomas Heberer, Candy Sommer, Tina Beck, Sven Pahl, Christoph Dümmig, Maik Schröder, Daniel Sühling

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24

Bienvenu, O. Joseph. Depressive Mood States Following Critical Illness. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0020.

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Patients with critical illnesses treated in intensive care units face severe physical and psychic stresses, and survivors often have financial and other burdens. The prevalence of depressive mood states in survivors varies by measure and follow-up time, but the median prevalence across >30 studies was 28% (mostly measured within a year of critical illness). Severe depressive states (e.g. major depressive episodes) are less common than minor depressive states. Risk factors include female sex, lesser educational attainment, unemployment, and medical and psychiatric comorbidity. Potential critical illness/intensive care-related risk factors include severity of organ failure, high-dose benzodiazepine administration, longer ICU stays, stressful ICU experiences, and early post-intensive care distress. Depressive symptoms in survivors are associated with impaired physical function, other psychiatric morbidity, cognitive and work difficulties, and lower health-related quality of life. Research is needed to evaluate the preventive or therapeutic role of psychological interventions during intensive care and psychological recovery programmes.

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25

Dahl, Vegard, and Ulrich J. Spreng. Anaesthesia for non-obstetric surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0010.

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Anaesthesia for non-obstetric reasons is performed in 1–2% of all pregnant women. Although the chances of complications like miscarriage, preterm labour, and abortion are higher when surgery is performed during gestation, careful evaluation, preparation, and a multidisciplinary approach will minimize these risks. There are no methods of anaesthesia that are preferable to others during pregnancy. The most important preventive measure is to maintain maternal haemodynamic stability and normoventilation in order to ensure fetal well-being. Extensive knowledge of the profound anatomical and physiological changes that a pregnancy induces is mandatory for the team when operating on a pregnant woman. Short time exposure to anaesthetic agents in clinically relevant doses during surgery has never been demonstrated to have teratogenic effects. Lately, focus has been made on the possible behavioural teratogenic properties of anaesthesia, especially on the use of NMDA receptor antagonists and GABA receptor agonists. Emergency diagnostic imaging during pregnancy is considered safe and should be performed if necessary. Electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of serious psychiatric disorders during pregnancy is a possibility that should be considered if necessary. Electric cardioversion seems safe for the fetus if life-threatening arrhythmias occur during pregnancy. Trauma is one of the leading non-obstetric causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. When treating a traumatized pregnant woman one should initially focus on the mother’s safety and haemodynamic stability.

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26

Lal, Mira. Women’s psychosomatic health promotion and the biopsychosociocultural nexus. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749547.003.0008.

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Chapter 8 discusses the promotion of women's psychosomatic health by prevention or early treatment of cancer and obesity. Health providers have to consider the biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors that alter psychosomatic interactions to generate these health conditions. Primary/secondary prevention need more emphasis than tertiary prevention or treatment. The transition of normal cervical epithelium to cervical-intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and the progression of CIN 2/3 to cancer is preventable. Two-thirds of patients with CIN have HPV infection. Cervical screening allows astute clinical decision-making as CIN could revert back to normal epithelium. Colposcopically-directed early treatment of CIN 2/3 is a secondary preventive measure. Cervical screening has reduced cervical cancer in the West but organised screening is unavailable in low-middle income countries where cervical cancer is common. Sociocultural practices promote unsafe sex, such as when minors in these countries acquire HPV infection through marriage to an older infected male or when women/adolescents are war victims. Inebriated party-goers may acquire HPV infection through unsafe sex. HPV vaccines protect against 70% of carcinogenic HPV strains only. Serious adverse effects after vaccination are uncommon. Barrier contraception prevents HPV, and other sexually transmitted diseases. Obesity increases the risk of endometrial cancer. Type-1 endometrial cancer relates to obesity and starts at a younger age, unlike type-2. Obesity also affects fertility. Transgenerational changes in the fetus of the obese gravida can promote obese offspring. Bariatric surgery for obesity is however expensive, with a potential for complications. WHO directives thus advise on prevention of obesity, and the overweight habitus. Primary prevention of obesity through lifestyle changes should start in childhood.

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27

Banerjee, Amitava, and Kaleab Asrress. Screening for cardiovascular disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0351.

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Screening involves testing asymptomatic individuals who have risk factors, or individuals who are in the early stages of a disease, in order to decide whether further investigation, clinical intervention, or treatment is warranted. Therefore, screening is classically a primary prevention strategy which aims to capture disease early in its course, but it can also involve secondary prevention in individuals with established disease. In the words of Geoffrey Rose, screening is a ‘population’ strategy. Examples of screening programmes are blood pressure monitoring in primary care to screen for hypertension, and ultrasound examination to screen for abdominal aortic aneurysm. The effectiveness and feasibility of screening are influenced by several factors. First, the diagnostic accuracy of the screening test in question is crucial. For example, exercise ECG testing, although widely used, is not recommended in investigation of chest pain in current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines, due to its low sensitivity and specificity in the detection of coronary artery disease. Moreover, exercise ECG testing has even lower diagnostic accuracy in asymptomatic patients with coronary artery disease. Second, physical and financial resources influence the decision to screen. For example, the cost and the effectiveness of CT coronary angiography and other new imaging modalities to assess coronary vasculature must be weighed against the cost of existing investigations (e.g. coronary angiography) and the need for new equipment and staff training and recruitment. Finally, the safety of the investigation is an important factor, and patient preferences and physician preferences should be taken into consideration. However, while non-invasive screening examinations are preferable from the point of view of patients and clinicians, sometimes invasive screening tests may be required at a later stage in order to give a definitive diagnosis (e.g. pressure wire studies to measure fractional flow reserve in a coronary artery). The WHO’s principles of screening, first formulated in 1968, are still very relevant today. Decision analysis has led to ‘pathways’ which guide investigation and treatment within screening programmes. There is increasing recognition that there are shared risk factors and shared preventive and treatment strategies for vascular disease, regardless of arterial territory. The concept of ‘vascular medicine’ has gained credence, leading to opportunistic screening in other vascular territories if an individual presents with disease in one territory. For example, post-myocardial infarction patients have higher incidence of cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial disease, so carotid duplex scanning and measurement of the ankle–brachial pressure index may be valid screening approaches for arterial disease in other territories.

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Books on the topic 'Preventive and corrective measure'

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