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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Preventive interview'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Redemo, Matilda, and Linda Radak. "Preventive nursing, an interview study on cervical cancer in south-western Uganda." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26839.

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Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att belysa hur sjuksköterskor/barnmorskor upplever möjligheter och svårigheter att arbeta förebyggande med livmoderhalscancer i Uganda.Bakgrund: Livmoderhalscancer är den andra vanligaste cancerformen hos kvinnor världen över. Livmoderhalscancer är mest förekommande i Afrika söder om Sahara. I Uganda finns det få sjuksköterskor och barnmorskor som kan utföra hälsosamtal och screening av cellförändringar. Med rätt förebyggande insatser kan incidensen av livmoderhalscancer minska.Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie baserad på åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjumaterialet analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys.Resultat: Sjuksköterskorna och barnmorskorna upplevde att förebyggande insatser möjliggjordes genom screening, behandlingar och outreaches, hälsosamtal och utbildning av hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal samt finansiering. Svårigheterna med att arbeta förebyggande med livmoderhalscancer var bristande stöd från regeringen, svåråtkomlig omgivning, attityder i samhället och brist på kunskap. Slutsats: Uganda behöver bättre finansiering, mer utbildad personal samt tillgång till vaccin och behandlingar för att förbättra förebyggandet av livmoderhalscancer. Ett nationellt screening-program som infattar hela befolkningen skulle påverka det förebyggande arbetet positivt. Aim: The aim of this study was to elucidate how nurses/midwives perceive thepossibilities and obstacles to practice preventive nursing regarding cervical cancer in Uganda.Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer form amongst women worldwide. The highest incidence of cervical cancer is found in sub- Saharan Africa. In Uganda there are few nurses and midwives to support cervical cancer screening and health talks. With the right preventive measures the incidence rate could be decreased.Method: A qualitative study design based on eight semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using content analysis.Results: The perceived possibilities to practise preventive nursing were prevention through screening, outreaches and treatments, prevention through health education and practical training plus financing. Obstacles elucidated during the interviews were lack of support from the government, remote places hard to reach, attitudes in the community and lack of knowledge.Conclusion: In order to enhance the preventive measures regarding cervical cancer, Uganda is in need of better funding, more trained staff, access to vaccine and adequate treatments. It would also be beneficial with a nation wide screening program.

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Hillhouse, Joel J., Katie Baker, Robert Turrisi, et al. "Evaluating a Measure of Tanning Abuse and Dependence." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/137.

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Objective To evaluate the Structured Interview for Tanning Abuse and Dependence (SITAD). Design Longitudinal survey. Setting College campus. Participants A total of 296 adults. Main Outcome Measures The SITAD modified items from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders that focus on opiate abuse and dependence. Indoor tanning (IT) behavioral patterns and opiate-like reactions to tanning were measured, and IT behavior was measured 6 months later. Results Of 296 participants, 32 (10.8%) met the SITAD criteria for tanning abuse (maladaptive pattern of tanning as manifested by failure to fulfill role obligations, physically hazardous tanning, legal problems, or persistent social or interpersonal problems) and 16 (5.4%) for tanning dependence as defined by 3 or more of the following: loss of control, cut down, time, social problems, physical or psychological problems, tolerance, and withdrawal. The IT frequency in dependent tanners was more than 10 times the rate in participants who do not meet the SITAD criteria for tanning abuse or dependence. Tanning-dependent participants were more likely to report being regular tanners (75%; odds ratio, 7.0). Dependent tanners scored higher on the opiate-like reactions to tanning scale than did abuse tanners, who scored higher than those with no diagnosis. Conclusions The SITAD demonstrated some evidence of validity, with tanning-dependent participants reporting regular IT, higher IT frequency, and higher scores on an opiate-like reactions to tanning scale. A valid tanning dependence screening tool is essential for researchers and physicians as a tanning-dependent diagnosis may facilitate a better understanding of tanning motivations and aid in the development of efficacious intervention programs. Recent research has explored the idea that some patterns of tanning behavior may be dependent1- 7 by using a common alcohol screening questionnaire, the CAGE,8 or, alternatively, by adapting criteria for substance-related disorders from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision) (DSM-IV-TR)9 modified to reflect UV light tanning (ie, sunbathing or indoor tanning [IT]).1,4,6,7Whereas data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse10 report prevalence rates for alcohol and any illicit drug combined as 2.6% to 9.3%, the modified CAGE and modified DSM report tanning dependence rates ranging from 12% to 55%.1,4,6,7,11Prevalence rates for dependence on alcohol and various drugs do differ. However, even in settings enriched for dependent behavior, such as bars,12 prevalence rates are not nearly as high as the tanning dependence rates reported. The high prevalence rates reported suggest that the current assessments tend to overidentify tanning dependence. Feldman and others suggest that the mechanism for tanning dependence is most likely the release of endogenous opioids when the skin is exposed to UV radiation (see Nolan and Feldman5 for a review). It is probable that exploring tanning behavior by following the approach used in the DSM-IV-TR to categorize opioid use behaviors will lead to improved accuracy in the categorization of tanning dependence. The Structured Interview for Tanning Abuse and Dependence (SITAD) is a tanning dependence assessment based on opioid use items adapted from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID).13 The use of modified opioid SCID items was chosen specifically for good content and face validity in the measure. The self-administered structured interview format was chosen because this format has been demonstrated to achieve valid psychiatric categorization for opioid dependence in a previous study.14 Evaluation of the SITAD involved exploring differences in variables (ie, IT frequency, IT behavioral patterns, and scores on a scale measuring opiate-like reactions to tanning) that would theoretically be expected to differ among individuals exhibiting tanning abuse, those with tanning dependence, and those who do not meet the SITAD criteria for tanning abuse or dependence. We also expect that use of the SITAD will result in lower prevalence rates for tanning dependence than have been reported in previous studies.1,6,7

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Adler, Franzén Sofia, and Lovisa Larsson. "Prevention of malnutrition among older persons with dementia : an interview study of Cape Town Care Home Nurses’ preventative work." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2932.

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Background Malnutrition among older persons with dementia is a common issue due to the consequences of the diagnosis, such as physical hindrances or forgetting to eat. Preventative work, against malnutrition for example, is part of the work responsibility of a registered nurse (Swedish Society of Nursing (SSN, 2011). Aim The aim was to describe how Cape Town Care home nurses work to identify and prevent malnutrition in older persons with dementia. Method A qualitative method was used with semi structured-interviews conducted with six nurses working at six different care homes in the Cape Town Area. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the interviews. Result It was found that nurses work differently in their preventative work, depending on the policies of the care home. Some uses assessments for identifying malnutrition while others rely on their capacity of observation. There were no standardized aids used overall on the care homes to ensure quality of the work. Conclusion It is important to look beyond the diagnosis of dementia in order to work according to a person-centered perspective with the residents wishes and autonomy in focus. To identify risks of malnutrition; identification is key in the preventative work. The nurses used their skills and experience, rather than standardized assessment aids, to observe changes in the residents’ behavior and outlook.

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Sandberg, Elin. "DISA-metoden : En undersökning om gruppledarnas bedömningar av genomförandet och av metodens framtidsutsikter." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-971.

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Twice as many women as men suffer from mental ill-health. The negative trend of mental problems among teenagers continues. In certain places in Sweden, 40 per cent of the teenage girls have outspoken symptoms of depression. This is why it is important to observe mental ill-health in a public health perspective. One effect evaluation of the DISA method (Depression In Swedish Adolescents) drew the conclusion that this universal depression preventive method is well working. The DISA method includes cognitive behavioural techniques that change negative pattern of thinking, give practice of communication, strategies of problem solution plus exercises to strengthen the social network. The purpose, in current investigation, was to let the group leaders’ estimations of the carrying through and of future prospects of the method be the basis of the method development as the method can be more effective. Six persons, who recently had became group leaders of DISA in Västmanland, were selected as interviewees by structured selection. Qualitative interviews were completed. A manifest qualitative content analysis carried through on the transcriptions. Generally speaking, the interest of the method is great and there are bright prospects, according to the result of investigation. The basic education of DISA could however be experienced as heavy and intensive with a negative focus. The structured method material has an advanced language and a stereotyped gender perspective that influence the group meetings, which takes a lot of work and time. The supervision facilitates for the group leaders, as they through supervision will learn from each other’s experiences. A conclusion is that good anchorage of the method facilitates for the group leaders during implementation where the group meetings are carried through. Dubbelt så många kvinnor som män lider av psykisk ohälsa. Den negativa trenden av psykiska besvär bland tonåringar fortsätter. På vissa ställen i Sverige har 40 procent av tonårsflickorna uttalade depressionssymptom. Därför är det viktigt att uppmärksamma psykisk ohälsa ur ett folkhälsoperspektiv. En effektutvärdering av DISA-metoden (Depression In Swedish Adolescents) drog slutsatsen att denna universella depressionsförebyggande metod är välfungerande. DISA-metoden innefattar kognitiva beteendetekniker som förändrar negativa tankemönster, ger kommunikationsträning, problemlösningsstrategier samt övningar till att stärka det sociala nätverket. Syftet, i aktuell undersökning, var att låta gruppledarnas bedömningar av genomförandet och av metodens framtidsutsikter utgöra grund för metodutvecklingen, då metoden kan bli mer verkningsfull. Sex nyblivna DISA-gruppledare i Västmanland valdes ut som intervjupersoner genom strategiskt urval. Kvalitativa intervjuer fullbordades och manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys genomfördes på transkriberingarna. Intresset för metoden är generellt sett stort och framtidsutsikterna är goda, enligt undersökningsresultatet. Grundutbildningen i DISA kan emellertid upplevas som tung och intensiv med negativt fokus. Det strukturerade metodmaterialet har ett avancerat språk och stereotypt genusperspektiv, vilket inverkar på gruppträffarna som kräver mycket arbete och tid. Handledningen underlättar för gruppledarna, då de under handledningen kan lära av varandras erfarenheter. En slutsats är att god förankring av metoden underlättar för DISA-gruppledarna under implementeringen där gruppträffarna genomförs.

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Nordblom, Eva. "Experiences of malaria and attitudes to malaria prevention among nurses in Tanzania - An interview study." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126034.

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The aim of this qualitative study was to explore experiences of malaria and attitudes to malaria prevention among nurses from Tanzania. Eleven nurses from three hospitals in northern Tanzania were interviewed. The analysis resulted in following categories: The malaria situation was so severe at that time, Being both nurse and parent, Hindrances in the battle, Sharing knowledge and There is a change. Ten out of eleven nurses had had malaria and all of them had been treated with anti-malarial drugs and many of them still had malaria regularly. They remembered times when the malaria situation was worse and the disease killed many more people. Having children resulted in constant worry. Being a nurse had advantages because they lived close to the hospitals so they could initiate early treatment and because they could afford to take preventive measures. Hindrances in the battle against malaria were other people’s lack of knowledge, poverty and difficulty to change lifestyle and environmental conditions. They were proud to be nurses and knowledge was their strength. There were geographical differences in how much hope they had for the future. The nurses in Zanzibar were the most optimistic. The nurses supported the governmental actions against malaria. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att undersöka vilka upplevelser sjuksköterskor från Tanzania hade av malaria och deras attityder till malariaförebyggande åtgärder. Elva sjuksköterskor från tre sjukhus i norra Tanzania intervjuades. Analysen resulterade i följande kategorier: Malariasituationen var så allvarlig på den tiden, Att vara sjuksköterska och förälder, Hinder i kampen, Att dela kunskap och Det har blivit en förändring. Tio av de elva sjuksköterskorna hade haft malaria och alla hade fått malariabehandling och flera av dem hade fortfarande malaria regelbundet. De hade minnen från när malariasituationen var värre och många fler människor dog av sjukdomen. Att vara förälder innebar konstant oro. Att vara sjuksköterska hade fördelar eftersom de bodde nära sjukhusen och därför kunde inleda snabb behandling och för att de hade råd att genomföra förebyggande åtgärder. Hinder i kampen mot malaria var andra människors okunskap, fattigdom och svårigheter att förändra livsstil. De var stolta över att vara sjuksköterskor och kunskap var deras styrka. Det fanns geografiska skillnader när det gällde deras framtidstro. Sjuksköterskorna på Zanzibar var de mest hoppfulla. Sjuksköterskorna stödde de statliga insatserna mot malaria.

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Persson, Evelina, and Emmie Lindgren. "Nurses´ experiences when caring for patients infected with malaria in Tanzania : A qualitative interview study." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47551.

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Background: Malaria is one of the mosquito-transmitted diseases that is killing millions of people every year, with the highest prevalence in Africa. In Tanzania, more than 90 percent of the inhabitants are at risk of being infected with malaria. The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum does not obtain specific symptoms and differential diagnoses can make it difficult to diagnose malaria. If malaria gets developed into a severe stage, it can affect organs and eventually cause death. Nurses have the role to educate inhabitants on how to prevent malaria. Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe nurses ́ experiences when caring for patients infected with malaria in Tanzania. Method: Study with a qualitative approach. A content analysis with a manifest structure was carried out, based on individual semi-structured in-depth interviews with nurses. Result: Nurses found it difficult to differentiate malaria from other diseases, like typhoid or meningitis. Nurses focused mostly on patients’ physical by working with medical treatment and education about malaria prevention. Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance for nurses of being educated about malaria and knowing how to assess its condition as it can be a mortal disease.

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Breytenbach, Elizabeth. "A revision of a maternal interview questionnaire used in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder prevention programmes in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86474.

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Thesis (M Speech Path)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was done in collaboration with the Foundation for Alcohol Related Research (FARR), a non-governmental organization whose primary objective is to develop and maintain Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) prevention programmes across South Africa. Research has shown the occurrence of FASD in South Africa to be much higher than in other parts of the world. As part of their prevention programmes, FARR uses a three part diagnostic process, including a maternal interview, a dysmorphological examination, as well as a general developmental assessment. The maternal interview questionnaire that FARR currently uses takes an average of two hours per interviewee to complete. Even though a recent study indicates that FASD prevention programmes administered by FARR can potentially reduce FASD prevalence, shorter maternal interviews could improve the use of FARR resources and the ability of FASD research studies to gather meaningful information and inform future prevention efforts. The main purpose of this study was to adjust the maternal interview questionnaire used by FARR in order to make interviews with mothers shorter while delivering the information needed for successful FASD prevention programmes. Data related to the adequacy of the adjusted maternal interview questionnaire was collected and analysed according to an action research approach in four consecutive phases. The research procedures consisted of two separate focus group interviews with five key role players from FARR. During the first focus group interview the main problems with the questionnaire was identified as being (i) the length of the questionnaire, (ii) the unsuitability of the questionnaire to interview someone other than the biological mother, and (iii) inconsistency between interviewers when using the questionnaire. During the second phase of the study the questionnaire was adjusted and revised as part of a second focus group interview. The interviewers, data capturer and data analyst who used the adjusted questionnaire as part of a larger FASD prevention programme made several suggestions on how the questionnaire could be further adjusted to suit the needs of FARR. These suggestions were addressed during the final phase of the study, after which the adjusted questionnaire was finalized. Findings from the study suggest that identified problems with FARR’s original maternal interview questionnaire were successfully addressed by the adjusted questionnaire, while simultaneously satisfying the objectives of a maternal interview as identified by participants during the first focus group interview. Results confirmed that more maternal interviews could be conducted in the same time period using the adjusted interview questionnaire compared to when the original questionnaire was used, due to the fact that the questionnaire was shorter and took less time to administer. As part of this study an additional questionnaire was developed specifically for caregiver interviews. According to FARR role players, inconsistency between interviewers was for the most past successfully addressed by the development of this additional questionnaire and the development of an interviewer guideline. Recommendations for future research include the further development and evaluation of the caregiver questionnaire and interviewer guideline. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is uitgevoer in samewerking met die “Foundation for Alcohol Related Research” (FARR), ‘n nie-regeringsorganisasie met die primêre objektief om Fetale Alkohol Spektrum Afwyking (FASA) voorkomingsprogramme in Suid-Afrika te ontwikkel en te handhaaf. Volgens navorsing is die voorkoms van FASA in Suid-Afrika beduidend hoër as in ander dele van die wêreld. ‘n Drie-delige diagnostiese proses word as deel van FARR se voorkomingsprogramme gebruik, insluitend ‘n onderhoud gefokus op moeders, ‘n dismorfologiese ondersoek, asook ‘n evaluasie van die kind se algehele ontwikkeling. Die moeder-onderhoudsvraelys wat tans deur FARR gebruik word neem gemiddeld twee ure om te voltooi. Alhoewel ‘n onlangse studie aandui dat die voorkomingsprogramme deur FARR oor die potensiaal beskik om die prevalensie van FASA te verlaag, kan korter moeder-onderhoude potensieël daartoe lei dat bronne beter benut word, asook dat FASA voorkomingstudies betekenisvolle inligting versamel vir die ontwikkeling van toekomstige voorkomingsprogramme. Die hoofdoel van die huidge studie was om die moeder-onderhoudsvraelys wat tans deur FARR gebruik word aan te pas, om sodoende die onderhoude met moeders korter te maak terwyl die nodige inligting vir suksesvolle FASA voorkomingsprogramme steeds verkry word. Gedurende hierdie studie is data rakende die toereikendheid van die aangepaste moederonderhousdvraelys versamel en geanaliseer volgens ‘n aksie-navorsingsbenadering in vier opeenvolgende fases. Die navorsingsprosedures het bestaan uit twee afsonderlike fokusgroeponderhoude met vyf van die sleutelrolspelers van FARR. Gedurende die eerste fokusgroeponderhoud is die hoofprobleme met die vraelys geïdentifiseer as (i) die lengte van die vraelys, (ii) die ongeskiktheid van die vraelys om ‘n onderhoud met iemand anders as die biologiese moeder te voer, en (iii) die inkonsekwentheid tussen onderhoudvoerders met die gebruik van die vraelys. Gedurende die tweede fase van die studie is die vraelys aangepas en hersien as deel van ‘n tweede fokusgroeponderhoud. Die onderhoudvoerders, data verwerker en data analis wat die aangepaste vraelys gebruik het as deel van ‘n groter FASA voorkomingsprogram het verskeie aanbevelings gemaak rakende hoe die vraelys verder aangepas kan word om te voldoen aan FARR se behoeftes. Laasgenoemde aanbevelings is aangespreek gedurende die laaste fase van die studie, waarna die aangepaste vraelys gefinaliseer is. Die bevindinge van die studie dui aan dat die geïdentifiseerde probleme met FARR se oorspronklike moeder-onderhoudsvraelys suksesvol deur die aangepaste vraelys aangespreek is, terwyl die objektiewe van ‘n moeder-onderhoud (soos geïdentifiseer deur die deelnemers aan die eerste fokusgroeponderhoud) steeds vervul is. Resultate het bevestig dat meer moeder-onderhoude in dieselfde tydsperiode met behulp van die aangepaste vraelys gevoer kon word as met die oorspronklike vraelys, as gevolg van die feit dat dit korter was en minder tyd geneem het om te voltooi. As deel van die studie is ‘n bykomstige vraelys spesifiek vir sorggewer-onderhoude ontwikkel. Volgens die FARR rolspelers is inkonsekwentheid tussen die onderhoudvoerders grootliks suksesvol aangespreek deur middel van die ontwikkeling van hierdie bykomstige vraelys asook die ontwikkeling van ‘n riglyn vir onderhoudvoerders. Aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing sluit die verdere ontwikkeling en evaluasie van die sorggewer-vraelys en onderhoudvoerder riglyn in.

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Göransson, Emelie. "Preventing Welfare Fraud in Sweden. Interviews with Officials from the County Government of Kalmar and Skåne." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26379.

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Studies indicate that fraud is a growing issue in Sweden, outpacing law enforcement’s efforts to maintain it. There is limited research concerning welfare fraud, the aspects of prevention, and what processes have worked in Sweden. The prevention strategies need to progress towards this development considering that welfare fraud is a crime which affects every person in the welfare state. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and analyse the prevention strategies against welfare fraud in Sweden through semi-structured interviews with six officials from the County Government of Kalmar and Skåne. The administration process was also investigated with the expectation to identify possible ways to develop preventive strategies. The Situational Action Theory was used as a tool to discuss and describe possible ways to prevent welfare fraud. The result showed that the tendency to report welfare fraud among officials is low. There is also a lack of cooperation between different governmental organisations and significant differences in the control work that varies between being thorough and absent. Although the county governments have started to examine the issue of welfare fraud, the results implicate that the issue is not as heavily prioritized as it needs to be. Future research is crucial. The controls and prevention strategies against welfare fraud within the County Governments needs to be developed further.

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Bendahl, Linn, and Elin Karlsson. "“Waste prevention is one of those difficult things” - An interview study in collaboration with the Översta steget project on Skåne municipalities choice to work with waste prevention." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23131.

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Fördelarna med att förebygga avfall har visat sig vara många; besparingar i pengar och resurser, förbättrad arbetsmiljö etc. Trots det har utvecklingen gått trögt och få kommuner har prioriterat avfallstrappans översta steg. Under 2017 startades coachningsprojektet Översta steget för att få fler kommuner i Skåne att arbeta med förebyggande av avfall. Fokus ligger på kommunernas egna verksamheter. Inbjudan till projektet har gått ut till alla Skånes 33 kommuner men endast 4 har valt att delta. I studien har 13 kommuner intervjuats om deras beslut angående projektet samt om förebyggande av avfall i stort. Vi har identifierat tre huvudkategorier av hinder; kommunikativa hinder, organisatoriska hinder och hinder som rör vårt ekonomiska system. Förebyggande av avfall är på grund av att det är ett nytt arbetsområde inte lika konkret som återvinning och därmed svårkommunicerat. Det som har lockat kommuner att delta är de ekonomiska besparingar som kan göras samt att projektet erbjuder stöd i arbetet. Även förbättrad miljöprestanda lockar sekundärt. Vi anser att resultaten och fördelarna med att förebyggande av avfall måste spridas smart i olika typer av nätverk för att få igång samtalet kring förebyggande av avfall. På så sätt kan idéerna även konkretiseras och göras mer lättmottagliga för verksamheter och personal. The advantages of preventing waste have proven to be many: savings in money and resources, improved work environment, etc. Despite this, development of waste prevention has been slow, and few municipalities have prioritized the top step of the waste management hierarchy. In 2017, the coaching project, Översta steget, was initiated to get more municipalities in Skåne to work on waste prevention. The project focus was on the municipalities' own activities. All of Skåne’s 33 municipalities in Skåne were invited to the join the project, but only 4 have chosen to participate. In the present study, 13 municipalities have been interviewed about their decisions regarding the project in general and waste prevention in particular. We have identified three main categories of obstacles; communicative barriers, organizational barriers and obstacles connected to our economic system. Prevention of waste is, because it is new area of work, not concrete enough and difficult mediated/experienced difficult. What has tempted the municipalities to participate in the project is the economic savings that can be made and that the project offers coaching. Improved environmental performance also is a secondly reason. We believe that the results and benefits of waste prevention must be spread smartly across different types of networks in order to initiate the call on prevention. This way it can also be more concrete and made more receptive to municipalities and their staff.

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Cardoso, Caroline de Oliveira. "Programas de interven??o neuropsicol?gica precoce-preventiva : estimula??o das fun??es executivas em escolares." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7287.

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Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-05-19T17:17:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_CAROLINE_DE_OLIVEIRA_CARDOSO_PARCIAL.pdf: 618311 bytes, checksum: 617af8f476a59ecf1a655ae941aa2963 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-19T17:17:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_CAROLINE_DE_OLIVEIRA_CARDOSO_PARCIAL.pdf: 618311 bytes, checksum: 617af8f476a59ecf1a655ae941aa2963 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-20 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) There is relative consensus that low level and quality of education are limiting factors of a country?s growth. Statistics show that many students have difficulties in learning or do not display the necessary abilities to succeed academically. Trying to reduce such difficulties, neuropsychology has developed remediation and rehabilitation interventions. There is, however, a need to invest in intervention programs that promote cognitive health and stimulate neurocognitive skills among children. These programs may potentiate cognitive processes and lead to short and long term benefits. Evidence shows that the executive functions (EF) have a crucial role in education, and are relevant in learning and in autoregulatory behavior. Given this context, the objective of this thesis was to develop and verify the effectiveness of an early and preventive neuropsychological intervention program with the intent of stimulating the EF among Elementary School students. The program was called Program of Neuropsychological Stimulation of Cognition in Students: emphasis on Executive Functions, or PENcE (an acronym from its original name in Portuguese, Programa de Estimula??o Neuropsicol?gica da Cogni??o em Escolares: ?nfase nas Fun??es Executivas). The First Study performed a systematic review of empirical studies about neuropsychological interventions of EF among children with typical development, looking for an overview that could guide the construction of the PENcE. Nineteen studies were found through the PRISMA method: most of them provided evidences that the children who participated in the intervention programs improved their executive functions. For the most part, they used computerized cognitive training to stimulate working memory. Other studies proposed a curricular approach to potentiate autoregulation. It was possible to observe that the studies are very heterogenic in terms of approach, methods, and closing measurement tools. Computerized trainings seem improve trained cognitive skills, but are limited in terms of transferring gains. Curricular programs seem more generalizable, with effects on transferring gains and functionality. The objective of the Second Study was to present the process of construction and content validity evidences for the PENcE. There were four steps involved in reaching that goal: internal stage of program organization; program construction; analysis by expert judges; and data integration and program finalization. All stages were important and contributed to improve the program. Furthermore, the assessment of the program (global and of each module) presented a level of agreement among judges equal to one, allowing for the achievement of content validity evidences. Finally, the Third Study investigated the effectiveness of the PENcE among children attending 3rd and 4th grades of Elementary School. It also analyzed the effects of transferring to other skills (executive, cognitive, academic, behavioral) beyond the main executive closings. From an initial sample of 160 children, 113 participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: experimental group (EG) (n=64) and control group (CG) (n=49). There were no differences between the groups before the intervention. After the study, the groups were compared, and the EG presented significant gains in inhibitory control, working memory, and abstract planning. There were transferring effects to other cognitive abilities (such as attention and fluid thinking), academic abilities (math and written skills), and changes in behavior (relationship and behavioral problems), and the overcame the CG. As a group, the findings from the three studies offer an early and preventive intervention program that has theoretical basis, has followed a rigorous construction process, and possesses content validity and effectiveness analysis. For future studies, it is suggested to extend and adapt the program to other age groups and to children who already present executive deficits, including learning difficulties and ADHD. Moreover, with the goal of contributing to public policies, it is recommended that the PENcE be implemented in public schools in developing countries, helping to bridge the gap between neuropsychology and education in a practical way. Atualmente, h? relativo consenso de que o baixo n?vel educacional e a reduzida qualidade do processo de escolariza??o s?o fatores limitadores de crescimento de um pa?s. Al?m disso, as estimativas mostram que um elevado n?mero de alunos apresenta dificuldades de aprendizagem ou n?o apresenta habilidades necess?rias para ter sucesso acad?mico. Na tentativa de contribuir com a diminui??o de tais dificuldades, a neuropsicologia desenvolveu predominantemente interven??es de remedia??o e de reabilita??o. Destaca-se, contudo, a necessidade de se investir em programas de interven??es de promo??o ? sa?de cognitiva e de estimula??o de habilidades neurocognitivas em crian?as, uma vez que tais programas podem potencializar os processos cognitivos e levar a benef?cios de curto a longo prazo. Com o avan?o da neuropsicologia, h? evid?ncias de que as fun??es executivas (FE) t?m um papel crucial na educa??o e s?o relevantes para aprendizagem e comportamento autorregulat?rio. Frente a esse contexto, essa tese teve como objetivo desenvolver e verificar a efetividade de um programa de interven??o neuropsicol?gica precoce-preventiva em busca da estimula??o das FE em escolares no Ensino Fundamental I. Tal programa foi denominado Programa de Estimula??o Neuropsicol?gica da Cogni??o em Escolares: ?nfase nas fun??es executivas (PENcE). No primeiro estudo, a partir de uma revis?o sistem?tica, buscou-se caracterizar os estudos emp?ricos sobre interven??es neuropsicol?gicas de FE em crian?as com desenvolvimento t?pico, em busca de um panorama que norteasse a constru??o do PENcE. Seguindo o m?todo PRISMA, foram encontrados 19 estudos e a maioria forneceu evid?ncias que as crian?as que participaram dos programas de interven??o melhoraram suas habilidades executivas. A maioria utilizou o treino cognitivo computadorizado, envolvendo a estimula??o da mem?ria de trabalho. Outros propuseram uma abordagem curricular com intuito de potencializar a autorregula??o. Foi poss?vel verificar que os estudos s?o bastante heterog?neos em rela??o a tipos de abordagem, m?todos e instrumentos de medida de desfecho. Contudo, os treinos computadorizados parecem levar a uma melhora na habilidade cognitiva treinada, por?m, s?o limitados em termos de transfer?ncia de ganhos. Os programas de abordagem curricular, por sua vez, parecem mais generaliz?veis, com efeito de transfer?ncia e ganho na funcionalidade. No Estudo 2, objetivou-se apresentar o processo de constru??o e evid?ncias de validade de conte?do do PENcE. Para isso, quatro etapas foram realizadas: fase interna de organiza??o do programa; constru??o do programa; an?lise de ju?zes especialistas; integra??o dos dados e finaliza??o do programa. Todas as etapas foram essenciais e contribu?ram para aprimorar o programa. Al?m disso, evidenciou-se que a avalia??o global do programa e de cada um dos m?dulos apresentou um n?vel de concord?ncia de 1,0 entre os ju?zes, permitindo obter evid?ncias de validade de conte?do. Por fim, no Estudo 3 buscou-se investigar a efetividade do PENcE em crian?as do 3? ou 4? ano do Ensino Fundamental, bem como, analisar o efeito de transfer?ncia para outras habilidades executivas e cognitivas, habilidades acad?micas e comportamento, para al?m dos desfechos executivos principais. De uma amostra inicial de 160 crian?as, 113 participaram do estudo e foram subdivididas em dois grupos: grupo experimental (GE) (n=64) e grupo controle (GC) (n=49). Os grupos n?o se diferenciaram em nenhuma medida na avalia??o pr?-interven??o. Na compara??o dos grupos, verificou-se o GE apresentou ganhos significativos de controle inibit?rio, mem?ria de trabalho, planejamento abstrato. Houve efeito de transfer?ncia para outras habilidades cognitivas (como aten??o e racioc?nio fluido), habilidades acad?micas (matem?tica e escrita) e mudan?a no comportamento (relacionamento e problemas de conduta), sendo que o GE superou o GC. Em conjunto, os achados dos tr?s estudos contribuem disponibilizando um programa de interven??o precoce-preventiva, que possui embasamento te?rico, que seguiu um rigoroso processo de constru??o e que denota de validade de conte?do e de an?lise de efetividade. Sugere-se, para os pr?ximos estudos, estender e adaptar o programa para outras faixas et?rias e para grupos de crian?as que j? apresentam d?ficits executivos, como com transtornos espec?ficos de aprendizagem e TDAH. Al?m disso, visando a contribuir com as pol?ticas p?blicas, recomenda-se que o PENcE possa ser implementado em escolas p?blicas nos pa?ses em desenvolvimento, rumo a uma interface cada vez mais pr?tica entre neuropsicologia e educa??o.

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Simmons, Charlotta, and Sofie Sintéus. "Nurses’ work with HIV prevention among women at Mpongwe Mission Hospital in Zambia." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24330.

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Bakgrund: Zambia är ett av de länder i världen som är värst drabbat av HIV/AIDS och sjuksköterskor i landet jobbar ständigt med att spridda preventiv information om infektionen. Kvinnor är mer sårbara då de ofta gifter sig med äldre män som redan har ett sexuellt förflutet men också p.g.a. att de har större permeabilitet i mucosa membranet än vad män har. Sjuksköterskorna spelar en viktig roll i preventionsarbetet och dess funktion. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utforska sjuksköterskors arbete med HIV prevention bland kvinnor på Mpongwe missions sjukhus. Metod: En kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer med 8 sjuksköterskor genomförd på Mpongwe missions sjukhus i Zambia. Resultatet har analyserats med hjälp av Burnards innehållsmetods analys. Resultat: Resultatet av studien utmynnade i fem olika kategorier rörande riktlinjer vid HIV-prevention, metoder för att minska risken av HIV-spridning, hur de når ut till folket, svårigheter och utmaningar som sjuksköterskorna möter men även de framsteg som görs.Slutsats: Intervjuerna med sjuksköterskorna på Mpongwe Missions sjukhus visar att de jobbar hårt med att förebygga HIV bland kvinnor. De har kommit långt i sitt arbete men det finns fortfarande mycket kvar att göra. Den stora spridningen på kunskap hos sjuksköterskorna och bristen på personal är ett stort problem. På grund av att de har ont om finanser har sjukhuset inte råd att skicka sina sjuksköterskor på fler utbildningar eller att anställa mer personal för att kunna ge rätt vård och nå ut till människorna. Background: Zambia has one of the world’s most devastating HIV/AIDS epidemics and nurses work hard to spread information about how to prevent the infection. Females are more vulnerable since they often marry early to older men who already have a sexual past and also because they have larger permeability of the mucous membrane compared to men. The nurses play an important role in the prevention work and how it’s done.Objective: The aim of the study is to explore the nurse’s prevention work against HIV among women at the Mpongwe Mission Hospital. Methods: A semistructured design in a qualitative study, carried out at Mpongwe Misson Hospital in Zambia. The result has been analyzed through Burnards method of description of content analysis.Result: The result of this study is divided in five different categories concerning guidelines in the HIV-prevention, measures to reduce the risk of HIV-infection, how they reach out to people, the obstacles and challenges that the nurses are facing and the progress that is made. Conclusion: The interviews shows that the Nurses in this study at Mpongwe Hospotal are working hard to prevent HIV among women. They have come a long way in their prevention work although there is much left to do. The wide spread of knowledge among the nurses and the lack of staff is big obstacle. Because of the shortage of finances the hospital can´t afford to send nurses for further education or hire enough staff to be able to give the right care and to reach out to the population.

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Dahllöf, Cecilia, and Grisilda Pergjegji. "The Pressure is on : Exploring nurses´ experiences of working with hypertension prevention in Vietnam." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44309.

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Background: Hypertension is the biggest contributor to the global burden of disease, and has a big impact on low-to middle-income countries. Nurses are important actors in disease prevention and health promotion which is typically used to prevent hypertension. Vietnam is a middle-income country with elaborate hypertension problems. Aim: The aim of this study is to explore nurses´ experiences of working with hypertension (HT) prevention in Vietnam. Method: This is a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and content analysis. Result: Challenges, methods and perceptions from the experiences of working as a nurse with HT prevention were identified. Lack of equipment, methods and funds, and to help the patient change bad habits were the main challenges. Conclusion: Nurses in Vietnam experience many challenges in their work to prevent HT. The challenges include lack of education, resources and difficulties to help people change behaviour. Few opportunities were perceived by the nurses. Further research is needed to explore the situation of nurses working with HT prevention, and what needs to be done on different levels to facilitate their work.

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Costa, Vanessa Santos da. "Desenvolvimento e avalia??o de impacto de interven??o preventiva para s?ndrome de Burnout em cuidadores residentes." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6618.

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Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-04-22T12:24:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_VANESSA_SANTOS_DA_COSTA_PARCIAL.pdf: 357004 bytes, checksum: 394abdd5d607de8d11dd42a35702b07b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-22T12:24:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_VANESSA_SANTOS_DA_COSTA_PARCIAL.pdf: 357004 bytes, checksum: 394abdd5d607de8d11dd42a35702b07b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-07 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES The Burnout Syndrome (SB) is defined as a response to chronic job stress and can reach professionals from different fields, especially those related to care activities. Residents caregivers of the institutions for the care of children and adolescents in social vulnerability and abandonment situation, play a central role in the lives of children and adolescents sheltered because they have the role to guide and protect them, constituting themselves as a model. The high-stress situations experienced by these caregivers, which are characterized by dealing with children with serious problems, little autonomy, lack of feelings of participation in the organization, work with excess hours, role ambiguity and role conflict, favor the incidence of Burnout. This dissertation, structured in two articles, presents a literature review on the SB, the psychosocial impact of this and some intervention programs focusing on prevention and treatment (Article I). The literature review indicated that interventions focusing on individual prevention and treatment contributed to reducing the levels SB. However, the results of the intervention programs are not kept at follow-up. Therefore, to maintain the results the suggestion is continued intervention programs. The programs focused on interventions combined the individual and the organization also showed positive results, indicating that this type of intervention can be prioritized as the SB develops in relational process of the individual to the workplace. The dissertation also presents the development and evaluation of the impact of a brief intervention program to prevent SB in residents caregivers of the institutions for adolescents in situations of violence or abandonment (Article II). The intervention consisted of four sessions on a monthly basis. The impact was assessed by a quasi-experimental study. The participants were 32 caregivers divided into two groups allocated non-randomly. The intervention group (G1) was formed by 17 professionals and the control group (G2) for 15 professionals. The following instruments were applied before and after the intervention: Demographics data questionnaire and Questionnaire to evaluate the subscales Burnout Syndrome psychosocial risk assessment battery. The results indicated a reduction in dimensions indolence and guilt related to SB and reducing the perception of conflict of roles which is one of psychosocial risks evaluated in the group that underwent the intervention. In the control group, there were no changes in the levels of burnout and psychosocial risks. This result can be seen as early evidence of effectiveness of proposed intervention. A S?ndrome de Burnout (SB) ? definida como uma resposta ao estresse laboral cr?nico e pode atingir profissionais de diferentes ?reas, principalmente aquelas voltadas para atividades de cuidado. Os cuidadores residentes de casas lares, institui??es destinadas ao acolhimento de crian?as e adolescentes em situa??o de vulnerabilidade social e abandono, desempenham um papel central na vida das crian?as e dos adolescentes abrigados, pois possuem o papel de orient?-los e proteg?-los, constituindo-se como modelos de identifica??o. As situa??es altamente estressantes vivenciadas por esses cuidadores, que se caracterizam por lidar com crian?as com graves problemas, pouca autonomia, falta de sentimentos de participa??o na organiza??o, turnos de trabalho com excesso de horas, a ambiguidade e o conflito de papel, favorecem a incid?ncia de Burnout. A presente disserta??o, estruturada em dois artigos, apresenta uma revis?o da literatura sobre a SB, o impacto psicossocial desta e alguns programas de interven??o com foco na preven??o e tratamento (Artigo I). A revis?o da literatura indicou que as interven??es com foco no indiv?duo para preven??o e tratamento contribu?ram para a redu??o dos n?veis da SB. No entanto, percebeu-se que a interven??o para tratamento n?o manteve os resultados no follow-up. Sendo assim, para manuten??o dos resultados, sugerem-se programas de interven??es continuadas. Os programas com foco em interven??es combinadas no indiv?duo e na organiza??o tamb?m apresentaram resultados positivos, indicando que esse tipo de interven??o pode ser priorizada uma vez que a SB se desenvolve em processo relacional do indiv?duo com o contexto laboral. A disserta??o tamb?m apresenta o desenvolvimento e a avalia??o de impacto de uma interven??o breve para preven??o da SB em cuidadores residentes de institui??es de acolhimento destinados a crian?as e adolescentes em situa??o de viol?ncia ou abandono (Artigo II). A interven??o foi constitu?da por quatro sess?es com frequ?ncia mensal. O impacto foi avaliado por meio de estudo com delineamento quasi-experimental. Participaram 32 cuidadores divididos em dois grupos alocados de forma n?orandomizada. O grupo interven??o (G1) foi formado por 17 profissionais e o grupo controle (G2) por 15 profissionais. Foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos antes e ap?s a interven??o: Question?rio de dados sociodemogr?ficos, Question?rio para avalia??o da S?ndrome de Burnout e Subescalas da Bateria de avalia??o de riscos psicossociais. Os resultados indicaram a redu??o das dimens?es indol?ncia e culpa referentes ? SB e redu??o da percep??o de conflito de papeis que representa um dos riscos psicossociais avaliados no grupo que sofreu a interven??o. No grupo controle, n?o ocorreram altera??es nos n?veis de burnout e nos riscos psicossociais. Esse resultado pode ser compreendido como evid?ncias iniciais de efetividade da interven??o proposta.

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Kjær, Aggi. "Vold og Trusler om vold i arbejdet med stofbrugere : Et studie af problemets størrelse og mulige minimering." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3299.

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Formål: Bestemme omfangen, typen, udløsende årsager, bagvedliggende faktorer og konsekvenser af vold og trusler om vold mod behandlere i Københavns Amts Behandlingscenter for Stofbrugere samt at udvikle kliniske retningslinier for håndtering og minimering af vold og trusler om vold. Metode: Omfanget af voldsepisoder blev vurderet ved to metoder: 1) Retrospektiv anonym tværsnitsspørgeskemaundersøgelse af samtlige 84 fastansatte medarbejder 2) Kohorte undersøgelse med prospektiv registrering af alle psykiske og fysiske voldsepisoder i en tre måneders periode i 2001-2002. Årsager, faktorer og konsekvenser blev undersøgt i semi-strukturerede interviews med den voldsramte medarbejder og den voldelige klient. Håndteringen af voldsepisoderne blev vurderet i en audit procedure og kliniske retningslinier i relation til håndtering af arbejdsrelateret vold og trusler om vold blev udviklet . Resultat: I tværsnitsundersøgelsen svarede 73 (87%), 45% (n=33) af medarbejderne havde været udsat for vold af psykisk eller fysisk karakter indenfor det sidste år, 48% (n=35) indenfor de sidste fem år. Hyppigheden var uafhængig af medarbejderens alder, køn og arbejdserfaring. Kohorteundersøgelsen afslørede, med en svar procent på 57%, 16 tilfælde af ren psykisk vold medførende en incidens på 0.77 pr. arbejdsår pr. medarbejder eller 0.24 psykisk voldsepisode pr. dag, 11 tilfælde af kombineret psykisk/fysisk vold medførende en incidens 0.53 pr. arbejdsår pr. medarbejder eller 0.17 psykisk/fysisk voldsepisode pr. dag (ca. een ugentligt). Politi blev tilkaldt 5(19%) gange. Bagvedliggende faktorer inkluderede dybe frustrationer mod behandlersystemet, lavt selvværd og dårlig kommunikationsevne hos klienterne. Hovedparten af medarbejderne oplevede efterfølgende angstreaktioner. Sygemelding og psykologisk krisehjælp forekom kun i få tilfælde. På basis af audit-panelets rekommandationer blev der udviklet kliniske retningslinier for håndtering af vold og trusler om vold. Konklusion: Prævalenses og incidensen af vold og trusler om vold i arbejdet med stofbrugere er højere end i andre fagområder både i og uden for sundhedsvæsenet med væsentlige konsekvenser for både medarbejderen og specielt for den voldelige klient. Resultaterne i dette studie kvantificerer arbejdsrelateret vold som ikke fremgår af officielle registre (”mørketal”) Purpose: To determine the extent, type, precipitating factors, causality and consequences of work related threats and violence at the Copenhagen County Substance Abuse Treatment Centre and to develop clinical guidelines in order to minimise threats and violence. Methods: The extent of violent episodes was estimated using two methods: 1) Retrospective anonymous questionnaire issued to all (n=84) full-time employed staff-members. 2) In a tree months period 2001-2002 prospective registration of all physical and psychological violent episodes at the Copenhagen County Substance Abuse Treatment Centre was performed. Precipitating factors, causality and consequences were investigated in semi-structured interviews including all abused staff-members and violent clients. The management of violent episodes was audited in an audit panel and clinical guidelines regarding work related threats and violence were developed. Results: 73 (87%) staff-members completed the questionnaire. 33(45%) staff-members had experienced work related violence in the last year, 35(48%) in the last 5 years. There were no sub-group differences. The prospective registration identified 16 episodes of psychological violence, constituting an incidence of 0.77 pr. work-year pr. staff-member or 0.24 psychological violent episodes pr. day at the centre. 11 combined physical and psychological violent episodes were identified ending up with an incidence of 0.53 violent episode pr. work-year pr. staff-member or 0.17 violent episodes at the centre pr. day. Police was called in 5(19%) of the cases. The clients were characterized by harboring deep frustrations towards the system, low self-esteem and poor communication skills. The majority of the abused staff-members experienced anxiety reactions. Only a few required sick-leave and psychological crises counseling. On the basis of the audit-panel’s recommendations clinical guidelines regarding threats and violence were developed. Conclusions: The prevalence and incidence of work related threats and violence is higher among staff-members treating substance users than in other fields both in- and outside the Health Service. There are consequences of significance for both the abused staff-member and the violent client. The results of this study quantify the extent of violence not registered in official registers. ISBN 91-7997-109-1

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Alexandersson, Lisa, and Emelie Gustafsson. "Erfarenhet av hot- och våldspreventiva åtgärder : Sjuksköterskans röst - ett psykiatriskt omvårdnadsansvar." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-4064.

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Background: Threats and violence are a major problem in healthcare that negatively affects both staff and patients. Acute Psychiatric wards are one of the most affected workplaces in healthcare and where work on threat and violence prevention is highly relevant. Violent preventive theories and concepts exist as developed research like the Bergenmodel, Deescalation and low-impact arousal. Aim: The aim is to describe the nurse's experience of the working group's application of threat and violence prevention measures in emergency psychiatric care. Method: The study is a qualitative interview study with a descriptive approach. Results: Three themes were identified - Prophylaxis measures, avert escalation and preserve knowledge. Crucial to the violence prevention work in emergency psychiatric care was to seek for respectful tone in encounters with patients to avoid escalating a suspected threatening situation. Knowledge, experience and training together with good cooperation inthe working group can lead to reduced situations of violence as staff is given the opportunity to experience safety and security. Conclusion: Adequate care with a focus on communication and professional encounter together with solid training is important for the working group's ability to work with violence prevention.

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Axelsson, Thomas. "DISA - En bra metod för tonårspojkar?" Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-36836.

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The DISA method is a universal program developed for teenage girls to prevent depression. The program includes cognitive behavioral techniques are suppose to change negative pattern of thinking, give practice of communication, strategies of problem solution and exercises to strengthen the social network. The purpose of this study is to find out how a group of teenage boys were affected by the DISA program and what factors that may have impacted the outcome. Material from three different studies have been used, a quantitative study in terms of data from self-assessment form CES-D, materials from two semi-structured focus group interviews with the boys and material from a questionnaire filled out by the boys on two occasions during the DISA method. The result of the CES-D indicates that the boys had less depressive symptoms after the final group meeting compared to the first group meeting and also a year later. Analysis of the material from focus group interviews and questionnaire have been made from a communication theory and systems theory perspective and indicate a shift to greater cohesion in the group and demonstrates that communication between the boy-group and group leaders had importance for the outcome. In particular, this study demonstrates how important group values and norms where for the boys, especially with regard to communication of emotions.

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Deliens, Luc. "Sociale determinanten van kennis van kankerpreventie in Vlaanderen een empirische studie aan de hand van gestandaardiseerde interviews bij een representatieve steekproef van 1631 Vlamingen /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1998. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8403.

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Grandahl, Maria. "Prevention of Human Papillomavirus in a school-based setting." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-263252.

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The overall aim of this thesis was to examine beliefs about human papillomavirus (HPV) prevention, especially vaccination, among parents, immigrant women, adolescents and school nurses, and to promote primary prevention among adolescents. The methods used in the thesis were focus group interviews, individual interviews, a web-based questionnaire, and finally, a randomised controlled intervention study. The immigrant women were largely in favour of HPV prevention, although barriers, such as logistic difficulties, and cultural or gender norms were found. Parents’ decision concerning vaccination of their daughters depended on several factors. Regardless of their final choice, they made the decision they believed was in the best interest of their daughter. The benefits outweighed the risks for parents choosing to vaccinate while parents declining made the opposite judgement. The majority of the school nurses reported that the governmental financial support given because of the vaccination programme had not been used for the intended purpose. Three out of four nurses had been contacted by parents who raised questions regarding the vaccine; most were related to side effects. The educational intervention had favourable effects on the adolescents’ beliefs regarding HPV prevention, especially among those with an immigrant background. Furthermore, the intention to use condom as well as actual vaccination rates among girls was slightly increased by the intervention. Trust in the governmental recommendations and the amounts of information given are important factors in the complex decision about HPV vaccination. Attention given to specific needs and cultural norms, as well as the possibility to discuss HPV vaccination with the school nurse and provision of extra vaccination opportunities at a later time are all strategies that might facilitate participation in the school-based HPV vaccination programme. School nurses need sufficient resources, knowledge and time to meet parents’ questions and concerns. The vaccinations are time-consuming and the governmental financial support needs to be used as intended, for managing the vaccination programme. A school-based intervention can have favourable effects on the beliefs and actual actions of young people and may possibly thus, in the long term, decrease the risk for HPV-related cancer.

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Davies, Miranda Louise. "Detecting and preventing financial abuse of older adults : examining decision making by health, social care and banking professionals." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5831.

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Financial elder abuse is gaining increasing attention from researchers and policy makers. Such abuse can include theft of money as well as misuse of assets such as property. This research applied judgement analysis methodology to explore professional decision making in the context of such abuse and to identify the nature of the cues used to detect and prevent abuse. Participants included social care, health and banking professionals, who were established as key decision makers. In Phase I, semi-structured interviews (n = 63) were conducted. The critical incident technique was used to identify cue use and decisions taken in the most recent case experienced. Key cues for both social care and health professionals included the nature of the 'financial problem suspected', the older persons 'mental capacity' and the 'identifier of the abuse', this being whether the abuse was directly observed or instead reported by a third party. A separate cue used by health professionals was the individual's 'physical capacity'. Banking professionals did not use physical or mental capacity as cues, but independently considered 'who was in charge of the money'. Decisions made by social care professionals included determining whether safeguarding procedures should be implemented. In Phase II, a factorial survey approach was applied whereby social care, health and banking professionals (n=223) were presented with case scenarios incorporating the cues from Phase I in addition to cues from literature review. Multiple regression analysis and incremental F-tests identified the cues that explained a significant amount of the variance in judgements of certainty of abuse and likelihood of taking action. For example, for social care and health professionals this included the older person's mental capacity, and the nature of the financial problem suspected. The findings could be used to develop a training tool to enable other professionals to improve their strategies for detection and prevention of financial elder abuse.

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Lindern, Daniele. "Desenvolvimento de uma interven??o com foco preventivo baseada na terapia cognitivo-comportamental e na psicologia positiva para atletas de futebol adolescentes." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6788.

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Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-06-27T20:00:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_DANIELE_LINDERN_PARCIAL.pdf: 1742576 bytes, checksum: 219ac7953476d97332da350cfaebc57e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T20:00:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_DANIELE_LINDERN_PARCIAL.pdf: 1742576 bytes, checksum: 219ac7953476d97332da350cfaebc57e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq Young soccer athletes suffer pressure for high performance and face intense workout routines. These youth also have to deal with their own expectations toward their career as well as their family expectations. The fault routine of these soccer players is characterized by the sports practices and school tasks and, in many cases, they have few social interaction, besides of being physically distant from their family and hometown. The life of these youth may be influenced by many risk factors, at the same time protective factors may also be diminished. This dynamic justifies the need for preventive intervention programs focusing on social and coping skills. In this sense, this study - part of a Master Degree thesis- aimed to understand the meaning of soccer in the lives of young athletes from a Brazilian soccer club and to develop an intervention based on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Positive Psychology for young soccer players of a football club in Brazil And was presented in two manuscripts. The design of the manuscript I was cross-qualitative, and individual semi structured interviews with four athletes from the soccer club were held, aiming to achieve athletes' perceptions in order To respect and attend their demands to develop the intervention. Data analysis was performed using Content Analysis. The results of the manuscript I point to the many adversities that these athletes go through to achieve the dream of being a soccer player. Thus, it is emphasized the important role of psychology in this context, that should value and reinforce, beyond the risk factors, the personal meanings that these youth attribute to their practice and role as soccer players. From the manuscript I results, an intervention was planned, which effects Were assessed and described in the second manuscript of this thesis. The manuscript II design was quasi-experimental with pre-and post-test. Twenty soccer athletes aged between 15 and 16 years, allocated in an experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=10) participants at the study. Manuscripts I and II included different participants. The intervention took place through eight meetings of 90 minutes each, once a week. The elements of the well-being of Positive Psychology, resilience, social skills, cognitive distortions and coping skills were the intervention focus. Participants answered the Inventory of Social Skills for Adolescents, Athletic Coping Skills Inventory, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, Life Satisfaction Global Scale and Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Adolescents pre and post-intervention. The control group didn't received any treatment. There was no significant difference between the experimental and control group pre and post intervention. However, the athletes of the experimental group showed significant difference in the coping skills ?Under Pressure Performance?, ?Trust? and ?Freedom of Concerns?, and significant increase of the frequency of total score of social skills and of the ability to ?Affective approach? after the intervention. The results of this study point to the importance of interventions that aim, the learning of other life skills beyond sports for these athletes, as promotion their mental health. Atletas de futebol sofrem press?es por elevado desempenho e rotinas de treino intensas. Esses jovens tamb?m t?m de lidar com as suas pr?prias expectativas em rela??o ? sua carreira, bem como as expectativas de seus familiares. A rotina destes jogadores ? caracterizada por cobran?as tanto na pr?tica esportiva quanto nas obriga??es escolares e em muitos casos estes t?m pouca intera??o social, al?m de estarem fisicamente distantes de sua fam?lia e cidade natal. A vida destes jovens ? permeada por muitos fatores de risco, ao mesmo tempo em que os fatores de prote??o podem estar diminu?dos. Esta din?mica justifica a necessidade de programas de interven??o de cunho preventivo e com foco em habilidades sociais e de coping. Neste sentido, este estudo desta disserta??o de mestrado teve como objetivo compreender o significado do futebol na vida de jovens atletas de um clube de futebol do Brasil, bem como desenvolver uma interven??o baseada na Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental e na Psicologia Positiva para esta popula??o e foi apresentado em dois manuscritos. O delineamento do manuscrito I foi qualitativo transversal, e foi realizada uma entrevista individual semiestruturada com quatro atletas do clube de futebol, visando a conhecer as percep??es destes para, posteriormente, respeitar e contemplar estas demandas no desenvolvimento da interven??o. A an?lise dos dados foi realizada atrav?s da An?lise de Conte?do. Os resultados do manuscrito I apontam para as muitas adversidades que estes atletas passam para alcan?ar o sonho de ser jogador de futebol. Assim, ressalta-se o importante papel da Psicologia neste contexto, que deve reconhecer, para al?m dos fatores de risco, os significados pessoais que estes jovens atribuem a sua pr?tica e papel enquanto atletas de futebol. A partir dos resultados do manuscrito I, foi planejada uma interven??o cujo impacto foi avaliado e descrito no manuscrito II. O manuscrito II teve delineamento quantitativo quase experimental com avalia??o pr? e p?s-interven??o. Vinte atletas de futebol com idades entre 15 e 16 anos foram alocados em um grupo de interven??o (n=10) e um grupo de compara??o (n=10). Os manuscritos I e II contaram com participantes diferentes. A interven??o teve 8 encontros de 90 minutos, com freq??ncia semanal. Os elementos do bem-estar da Psicologia Positiva, resili?ncia, habilidades sociais, distor??es cognitivas e habilidades de coping foram o foco da interven??o. Os participantes responderam ao Invent?rio de Habilidades Sociais para Adolescentes, Athletic Coping Skills Inventory, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, Escala Global de Satisfa??o de Vida e ? Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos para Adolescentes, antes e ap?s a interven??o. O grupo de compara??o n?o passou por nenhuma forma de interven??o. Os atletas do grupo de interven??o apresentaram diferen?a significativa nas habilidades de coping ?Desempenho sob press?o?, ?Confian?a? e ?Liberdade de preocupa??es?, e aumento significativo da freq??ncia total das habilidades sociais, bem como da habilidade ?Abordagem afetiva? ap?s a interven??o. N?o houve diferen?a significativa pr? e p?s-interven??o entre os grupos de interven??o e compara??o. Os resultados deste estudo apontam para a import?ncia de interven??es que visem a aprendizagem de outras habilidades para a vida al?m das esportivas para estes atletas, como a promo??o de sua sa?de mental.

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Linkroum, Suzanne C. "Understanding How African-American Middle School Students Cope with Peer Victimization: A Mixed-Methods Approach." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1513.

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A mixed-methods approach was used to determine how African-American middle school students cope with peer victimization and to identify factors that inhibit and promote the use of prosocial coping strategies. In a previous study, participants had been categorized into four social clusters: well-adjusted, rejected, passively-victimized, or aggressively-victimized based on a cluster analysis of self-reported psychosocial variables. Interviews with a sub sample of 80 students focusing on identifying both how students thought they would respond and how they thought they should respond to hypothetical situations involving peer victimization were analyzed. Interviews also elicited factors that would support or impede the use of the coping responses generated by the participants. Qualitative analysis identified 15 coping responses that students would use, and categorized each individual response as prosocial, aggressive, or avoidant based on emotional, cognitive, and behavioral criteria. In addition, 13 coping responses were identified as strategies youth thought they should do. Ten supports, and ten barriers to prosocial coping responses were identified, representing a range of internal and interpersonal factors. Results of logistic regression models did not support the central hypothesis that the type of coping response generated (e.g., prosocial, aggressive, avoidant) would depend on social cluster. However, significant gender results were found, suggesting that girls were more likely than boys to identify prosocial coping strategies. Implications for violence prevention programs are discussed.

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Perkins, Ayana N. "An Exploration of Pathological Gambling Among Diverse Populations." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/99.

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This study used an ecological perspective to identify pathological gambling (PG) risk and protective factors, nonclinical resources, and prevention strategies based on the perceptions of Georgia stakeholders. With an ecological perspective, human behavior is perceived as an outcome of the interaction between the individual and various factors in their social environment. The ecological perspective is especially suitable for examining the higher PG prevalence among ethnic minority groups since these populations have been documented as encountering greater exposure to PG social and environmental risk factors (Smedley & Syme, 2000). To assess prevention needs, data were obtained from a 2008 needs assessment where diverse perspectives were collected through semi structured focus groups and interviews. A qualitative approach was used to address the study's aims. Grounded theory was used to guide the data analysis. Findings indicated that community perceptions of risk and protective factors, nonclinical resources, and prevention strategies were present at multiple levels of analyses. Furthermore, data trends also indicated that charitable gambling and other social norms should be considered in prevention.

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Mailley, Jennifer. "The prevention of mobile phone theft : a case study of crime as pollution : rational choices and consumer demand." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9645.

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This thesis makes two contributions to environmental criminology. The first contribution is a rational choice event model for mobile phone thieves. This is based on interviews with 40 mobile phone thieves. In addition, the deterrent effects of 23 designs of phone are assessed. Comparisons are made between the responses of offenders and non-offenders; and between experienced offenders and less experienced offenders. The results show that mobile phone thieves make discerning choices about which model of phone to steal at the point of theft. The factors affecting handset choice reflect Clarke s (1999) CRAVED characteristics. Mobile phone thieves are differentially deterred by a variety of design solutions, the most effective of which reduce the resale value of stolen handsets. In contrast with offenders, non-offenders are more easily deterred, and statistically significantly more deterred for five of the 23 designs presented in this thesis; do not appreciate the importance of resale value; and are not so aware of the possibilities for circumventing or neutralising security technology. The differences between offender and non-offender responses mean that offenders are arguably best placed to assess product use and misuse in the process of designing-out crime. The second contribution of this thesis is a Mobile Phone Theft Index which controls for phone availability in the absence of handset sales data. Mobile phone theft is arguably a form of pollution (Roman and Farrell, 2002) and can, therefore, be controlled using traditional pollution control instruments (Farrell and Roman, 2006). Informing the public of their risk of victimisation according to handset ownership would make security a marketable aspect of handset design, incentivising industry to decrease theft rates. Industry action to date shows evidence of obstructionism and pre-regulatory initiatives (Newman, 2004) meaning that a novel instrument such as the Index is necessary to alter the current status quo where industry costs UK society an estimated £1.2 billion per year (Mailley and Farrell, 2006).

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Pitts, Shantell Yvette. "Self-care and School Psychologists: A Qualitative Study Examining Burnout Prevention and Career Satisfaction." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1533219362221909.

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Mospan, Courtney M., Rick Hess, Reid B. Blackwelder, Susan Glover, and Chris Dula. "A Two-Year Review of Suicide Ideation Assessments Among Medical, Nursing, and Pharmacy Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6904.

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Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the U.S. and has increased in prevalence during the past 15 years. Patients who attempt suicide are more likely to have contact with their primary care provider than a mental health provider in the month before attempting suicide, highlighting the need for competency in suicide ideation (SI) assessment. The Communications Skills for Health Professionals is an interprofessional course involving first-year medical, nursing, and pharmacy students. Specific instruction regarding assessment of SI was delivered through an online module and later practiced by students with standardized patients (SP). A final Objective Structured Clinical Examination featured an SP with depression, but without SI, though an assessment of SI was indicated. Three hundred fifty six interviews were reviewed and 55.1% (196/356) of students assessed for SI. Across professions, 65.5% (93/142) of medical students, 52.5% (32/61) of nursing students, and 46.4% (71/153) of pharmacy students performed an assessment. Medical students’ SI assessment was highest across the groups (p = 0.001), while pharmacy students’ SI assessment was lowest (p = 0.004). Results suggest that additional educational strategies should be developed and implemented to increase SI assessment performance in all professions, but especially in pharmacy students.

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Hotten, Justine N. "Sexual consent and sexual violence prevention in sexuality education: What can be learned from the negotiation of sexual consent between same-sex attracted women?" Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/120020/1/Justine_Hotten_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examines same-sex attracted women's understandings of sexual consent. The thesis uses the theory of compulsory heterosexuality to analyse interviews with twenty-three women about their experiences in sexuality education and their relationships. The findings point to gaps in Australian sexuality education that position same-sex attracted women outside of mainstream discourses about sexual consent. The omission of same-sex attracted women from discussions about consent has implications for the prevention of sexual assault. Participants recommended that sexuality education focus on ethical approaches that are inclusive of queer experiences and perspectives to better prevent sexual violence in all types of women's relationships.

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Lucas, M?rcia Cavalcante Vinhas. "Cartografia de uma interven??o comunit?ria para preven??o de DST/HIV/AIDS." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17824.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:43:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarciaCVL_DISSERT.pdf: 1430431 bytes, checksum: 3dc9c2d06abee984002608d86f65f3da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-25 Community-based interventions have been presented as a proposal of operationalization of the concept of vulnerability to STD/Aids prevention. This study aimed to analyze the Community intervention developed through the project Strengthening of Community action networks for STD/Aids prevention: know and intervenein, at M?e Luiza neighborhood, in the city of Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The study was conducted in the same location where intervention occurs and took as time reference the first 30 months of construction and deployment process, from April 2010 until December 2012. This is research with qualitative approach, participatory character, developed from the immersion of the researcher in the field, being this community intervention itself. In this perspective, the study approximates to the Cartographic method in which the researcher-researched is engendered in the acts and effects research. The data-generating sources were the memories of the researcher from the field notes, written narratives of subjects involved in the intervention and documents pertaining to the project. In the methodological path of cartography, the image of the rhizome by Deleuze and Guattari (1995) has accompanied the immersion in the field given the nature of research-intervention which approach to the concept of object-Rhizome. The presentation of results was composed for the attempted rhizomatic and a hypertext representation, based on the descriptive narrative taken from the documentary analysis and the multi-faceted narratives with the voices, the looks and the affections narrated by the subject involved, respectively. On the path taken, three lanes were drawn as synthesis of learning produced by experience-that can contribute to understanding the process under study, in his singular character, and reflections on other experiences of community intervention: track 1- Community intervention as active-reflective space and a cause; track 2 Inclusion as power and challenge of community involvement; track 3 Sustainability as A challenge of Community intervention. The study indicates that community intervention is presented as a potential producer of health as also produces practical and creative skills, subjects and inventive in the daily life of the community with a view to reinventing knowledge and practices for the prevention of STD/HIV/Aids As interven??es de base comunit?ria t?m sido apresentadas como proposta de operacionaliza??o do conceito de vulnerabilidade para a preven??o das DST/Aids. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a interven??o comunit?ria desenvolvida atrav?s do projeto Fortalecimento de redes de a??o comunit?ria para a preven??o em DSt/Aids: conhecer e intervir, no bairro de M?es Luiza, na cidade de Natal, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado no mesmo local onde ocorre a interven??o e tomou como refer?ncia temporal os primeiros 30 meses do processo de sua constru??o e implanta??o, desde abril de 2010 at? dezembro de 2012. Trata-se de pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, de car?ter participativo, desenvolvida a partir da imers?o da pesquisadora em campo, sendo este a pr?pria interven??o comunit?ria. Nessa perspectiva, o estudo aproxima-se ao m?todo cartogr?fico no qual a rela??o pesquisador-pesquisado ? engendrada nos atos e efeitos da investiga??o. As fontes geradoras de dados foram o registro de mem?rias da pesquisadora a partir das anota??es de campo, narrativas escritas de sujeitos implicados na interven??o e documentos referentes ao projeto. No caminho metodol?gico da cartografia, a imagem do rizoma apresentada por Deleuze e Guattari (1995) tem acompanhado a imers?o em campo dada ? natureza de pesquisa-interven??o a qual aproximamos ? no??o de objeto-rizoma. A apresenta??o de resultados foi composta por tentativa de representa??o rizom?tica e um hipertexto, tomando como base a narrativa descritiva extra?da da an?lise documental e as narrativas multifacetadas com as vozes, os olhares e os afetos narrados pelos sujeitos implicados, respectivamente. No caminho percorrido, tr?s pistas foram tra?adas como s?ntese do aprendizado produzido pela experi?ncia-interven??o, que podem contribuir para compreender o processo em estudo, em seu car?ter singular, e orientar reflex?es sobre outras experi?ncias de interven??o comunit?ria: pista 1 A interven??o comunit?ria como espa?o ativo-reflexivo e um modo de fazer com; pista 2 A inclus?o como pot?ncia e desafio da interven??o comunit?ria; pista 3 A sustentabilidade como desafio da interven??o comunit?ria. O estudo indica que a interven??o comunit?ria se apresenta como potencial produtora de sa?de ? medida que tamb?m produz pr?ticas e sujeitos, potencializando capacidades criativa e inventiva presentes no cotidiano da comunidade numa perspectiva de reinventar saberes e pr?ticas para preven??o das DST/HIV/Aids

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Melo, Cristiane Ribeiro de. "Uma interven??o educativa para profissionais de sa?de na preven??o de pneumonia associada ? ventila??o mec?nica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14654.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:46:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeRM.pdf: 5245197 bytes, checksum: e2a591b692b29f0a98a345fa8cdc01ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-29 Quasi-experimental study, prospective with quantitative approach, performed at the Hospital do Cora??o in Natal, aimed at verified the existence of difference between the care given by health professionals to the patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) in the Intensive Care Unit, before and after an educative intervention. The population was of 31 professionals, with data collected between november 05 of 2007 to march 27 of 2008. The results show a yong population, female gender, middle level of education, nursing technique, working between 05 and 09 years on nursing profession, and 01 to 04 years on Intensive Care Unit; almost all, never had an kind of training over prevent pneumonia associated to mechanical ventilation; from those that had training, occur on the work place with duration from 12 to 24 hours. About endotracheal intubation, the cuff was tested with a sterilized syringe had a positive change after a educative intervention, increased from 75,0% to 100,0%; the sterile guide was used on 75,0% before and 100,0% after an educative intervention. Regarding endotracheal suction procedure, was not informed to the patient on 72,7% before, however was informed on 56,7% after; the hands was not previously washed 68,5% before, however was 63,3% after the procedure; mask was used on 74,2 % opportunities before and 76,7% after; the aspiration catheter had adequated size on 98,9% observation before and 100,0% after; the gaze was sterilized on 95,7% before and 100,0% after; the ventilator was connected to the patient during the aspiration intervals on 94,4% observation before and 100,0% after; the ambu bag was clean and protected on 76,1% before and 85,7% after; the aspiration catheter was discarded after be used on 98,9% before and 100,0% after; FIO2 was turned to the begging value on 32,9% observation before and 12,0% after; before the procedure 71,9% professions washed their hands and 73,3% after; before, notes of aspiration results were performed on 70,8% observation and 86,7% after. Regarding devices used on respiratory tract, aspirator flasks were not swapped on 84,6% observations before and 71,0% after; daily l?tex extention change was not performed on 93,6% observation before and 87,1% after; the ambu bag change was not performed on 50,0% observation before even if was duty or unprotected and on 75,8% opportunities was changed, after; nebulization was not prepared with sterile fluids or manipulated aseptically on 65,2% observation before, perhaps was on 71,7% after; before nebulizers were not changed on 65,2% observations, perhaps were on 60,9% after. Concerning ventilator breathing circuits, condense fluids cumulated on circuits were removed on 55,0% opportunities before, and 64,0% after; moisturizer was not filled with sterile water when already had small amount of liquid inside on 78,4% observations before, and 90,2% after; MV circuits were changed on 97,0% observations on presence of visible duty or when presents some kind of failure, before and 98,4% after. About body position, on 51,3% observations the decubitus position change were done before and 78,2% after; fowler position was maitened on 95,5% observations before and 98,2% after; Regarding respiratory physiotherapy, enteral diet was not interrupted before respiratory physiotherapy on 94,9% before and 90,0% after; respiratory physiotherapy devices were not disinfected or sterile on 69,6% observations before but they re on 60,0% after; before the cateter was not tested before introduction enteral diet or medications on 100,0% but after was done on 15,2%. About enteral feeding, intestine motility and measure of stomach contents were not done on 100,0% observations before, but was 15,2% after. We conclude that 05 of 07 valuated procedures in relation to MV, had a significant improvement on quality of care given after educative intervention, when compared before intervention Estudo quase-experimental, com abordagem quantitativa, delineamento tempo-s?rie e dados prospectivos, realizado no Hospital do Cora??o de Natal, objetivando verificar a exist?ncia de diferen?a entre a assist?ncia prestada pelos profissionais de sa?de aos pacientes sob ventila??o mec?nica (VM) internados na UTI, antes e ap?s uma interven??o educativa. A popula??o fo de 31 profissionais, com dados coletados entre 05 de novembro de 2007 e 27 de mar?o de 2008. Os resultados mostram uma popula??o jovem, entre 20 e 30 anos de idade, do sexo feminino, ensino n?vel m?dio completo, na maioria, t?cnicos de enfermagem, trabalhando entre 05 e 09 anos na profiss?o, e 01 e 04 anos em UTI; a maioria nunca realizou treinamento acerca da preven??o de PAV; dos que realizaram, participaram em eventos da institui??o com dura??o entre 12 e 24 horas. Quanto ? intuba??o endotraqueal, o teste do cuff com seringa est?ril sofreu modifica??o positiva, ap?s a interven??o educativa, aumentando de 75,0% para 100,0%; o fio guia est?ril foi usado em 75,0% das ocasi?es antes e em 100,0% ap?s. Sobre aaspira??o endotraqueal, n?o foi explicado ao paciente sobre esse procedimento em 72,7% das situa??es antes, mas foi em 56,7% das vezes ap?s; a higieniza??o das m?os n?o foi realizada previamente em 68,5% das vezes antes, mas foi em 63,3% ap?s; a m?scara foi utilizada em 74,2% das oportunidades antes e em 76,7% ap?s; o cateter de aspira??o tinha o tamanho adequado em 98,9% das observa??es antes e em 100,0% ap?s; a gaze usada estava est?ril em 95,7% antes e em 100,0% ap?s; o ventilador foi conectado ao paciente durante os intervalos da aspira??o em 94,4% das oportunidades antes e em 100,0% ap?s; o ambu estava limpo e protegido em 76,1% das situa??es antes e em 85,7% ap?s; o cateter de aspira??o foi descartado ap?s o uso em 98,9% das oportunidades antes e em 100,0% ap?s; a extens?o de l?tex foi limpa em 86,5% das observa??es antes e em 93,3% ap?s; a FIO2 foi retornada ao valor inicial em 32,9% das vezes antes e em 12,0% ap?s; a higieniza??o das m?os ao t?rmino do procedimento foi feita em 71,9% das situa??es antes e em 73,3% ap?s; as anota??es referentes ? aspira??o foram feitas em 70,8% das observa??es antes e em 86,7% ap?s. Quanto aos dispositivos, a troca di?ria dos frascos aspiradores n?o foi obedecida em 84,6% das oportunidades antes e em 71,0% ap?s; a troca di?ria da extens?o de l?tex n?o foi realizada em 93,6% das vezes antes e em 87,1% ap?s; o ambu n?o foi trocado em 50,0% das observa??es, embora estivesse sujo e/ou desprotegido antes, mas em 75,8% das oportunidades esse dispositivo foi trocado ap?s; a nebuliza??o n?o foi preparada com flu?dos n?o est?reis e/ou manipulada assepticamente em 65,2% das ocasi?es antes; entretanto em 71,7% das vezes foram realizados ap?s; os nebulizadores n?o foram trocados em 65,2% das situa??es antes, mas foram em 60,9% ap?s. Acerca dos circuitos do VM, o condensado acumulado nos circuitos foi descartado em 55,0% das vezes antes e em 64,0% ap?s; o preenchimento do umidificador com ?gua, n?o foi feito em 78,4% das vezes em que possu?a l?quidos remanescentes antes e em 90,2% ap?s; os circuitos do VM foram trocados em 97,0% das oportunidades em que apresentavam sujidade vis?vel ou estavam defeituosos antes e em 98,4% ap?s. Quanto ? mudan?a de dec?bito, em 51,3% das vezes antes foi realizada e em 78,2% ap?s; a cabeceira do leito do paciente foi mantida elevada em 95,5% das observa??es antes e em 98,2% ap?s. Sobre a fisioterapia, a dieta enteral n?o foi interrompida antes das manobras fisioter?picas em 94,9% das situa??es antes e em 90,0% ap?s; os materiais usados durante a fisioterapia n?o estavam desinfetados e/ou est?reis em 69,6% das observa??es antes, mas estavam em 60,0% ap?s. Quanto ? nutri??o enteral, o teste da sonda antes de iniciar a dieta enteral ou de administrar medicamentos n?o foi realizado em nenhuma das oportunidades antes, entretanto foi em 15,2% ap?s; a motilidade intestinal e aferi??o do conte?do (residual) g?strico n?o foram verificadas em nenhuma das observa??es, mas foi em 15,2%, ap?s. Conclu?mos que, em 05 dos 07 procedimentos avaliados em rela??o ? VM, houve melhora significativa na qualidade da assist?ncia prestada quando comparados ao momento anterior ? interven??o educativa

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Flingmark, Victor, and Jesper Brofjärd. "Uppfattningar om stretching vid långdistanslöpning : Ett perspektiv från såväl tränare som elitlöpare." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-25588.

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Syfte I dagsläget finns det forskning som ger underlag till evidens inom stretching och dess effekter på såväl prestation som skadeprevention. Det finns dock få studier som visar vilka uppfattningar löptränare och löpare har angående stretching. Syftet med studien var därför att beskriva vilka uppfattningar löptränare och elitlöpare har om stretching och dess eventuella effekter på såväl prestation som skadeprevention. Metod Undersökningen inkluderade fyra löptränare (män i åldrarna 30-60 år) och fyra elitlöpare (två kvinnliga respektive två manliga i 20-årsåldern) som valdes ut genom ett bekvämlighetsurval. De deltog i en halvstrukturerad intervju med primära frågor samt tilläggsfrågor enligt ett strukturerat intervjuprotokoll skapat av projektledarna. Varje intervju spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades med hjälp av fenomenografisk analysmetod. Resultat Löptränarnas och elitlöparnas uppfattningar om effekter av stretching var positiva angående såväl rörlighetsförmåga som skadeprevention. Deltagarna hade skilda uppfattningar vad gäller effekter på prestation, två löpare menade att stretching ger positiva effekter medan resterande deltagare uppfattade att stretching inte ger någon effekt. Slutsatser Löptränarna och elitlöparna hade överlag en positiv uppfattning om stretching i relation till skadeprevention vilket går helt emot den aktuella evidensen. Deltagarna uppfattade rörlighetsförmågan som viktig för långdistanslöpare vilket inte är bevisat i vetenskapliga studier. Det förelåg skillnader i uppfattningar om positiva effekter på prestationen vilket också indikerar kunskapsluckor angående stretching kopplat till prestationsförmågan. Det finns en tydlig kunskapsbrist inom området stretching trots att tränarna har en hög utbildningsnivå inom träning. Purpose As of right now there is research that provides a foundation for evidence regarding stretching and its effects on performance as well as injury prevention. There is however few studies showing how running coaches and runners perceive stretching. The purpose of this study was therefore to describe how running coaches and elite runners perceive stretching and its potential effects on performance as well as injury prevention. Method The survey included four running coaches (men in the ages 30-60 years old) and four elite runners (two women and two men in their twenties) selected through a convenience survey. They participated in a semi-structured interview with primary questions and additional questions according to an organized interview protocol created by the project managers. Each interview was recorded, transcribed and analyzed with phenomenografic analyze method. Results The running coaches and the elite runners perceptions about stretching was positive regarding mobility as well as injury prevention. The participants had different perceptions regarding effects on performance, two runners and one coach suggested that stretching provides positive effects while the remaining participants perceived that stretching did not produce any effect. Conclusion The running coaches and the elite runners had an overall positive perception regarding stretching in relation to injury prevention which is completely opposite to the current evidence. The participants perceived mobility as something important for long-distance running which has not yet been proven in research studies. Positive effects on performance were perceived differently which also indicates a lack of knowledge regarding stretching and performance. There is a clear knowledge gap regarding stretching despite a high level of coaching education.

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Sandberg, Karin. "Robin Hood och Hemtjänsten : En förstudie om Företagshälsovårdens arbete med arbetsmiljöfrågor inom hemtjänstbranschen." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-151308.

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Occupational Health Service (OHS) has an important role in society. It is designed to prevent illness and strengthen the health of workers. OHS operations and development are currently being studied at the School of Technology and Health at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden. One of the industries studied is the home maker service. During the 2010s were such employees one of the most ill groups in Sweden. This master's thesis in occupational environment development and change management focus on examining the special knowledge an OHS and its clients in one home maker service need to strengthen the workers of the industry and find out how the interaction between OHS and home maker service works and how it could be evolved. A qualitative study was conducted in a Swedish city on the basis of an organizational perspective. Six persons between 30 and 65 years of age were interviewed. The interviewed people’s occupations were ergonomist, safety engineer, home health aides and managers from both companies. To gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon the interviews were transcribed. Key themes for the interviewees were collaboration, economy and engagement, important health and safety issues, prevention, the home help service needs of OHS and what support OHS need in their work with the home maker services. The studied parties agreed that they had no developed cooperation and that there was a gap between them. All interviewees consisted on the work environment problems in the industry. These were stress, time pressure, heavy physical work, patients’ homes were not always suited for the home health aides, lack of colleagues, intimidation and violence and smoking patients. There was found a barrier between the preventive work that could be undertaken and what was ordered from the home maker service. Företagshälsovården (FHV) har en betydelsefull roll i samhället. Den finns till för att förebygga ohälsa och stärka hälsan hos arbetstagare. Företagshälsovårdens verksamhet och utveckling studeras just nu på skolan för teknik och hälsa på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. En av de branscher som åskådliggörs är hemtjänsten. Under 00-talet var arbetstagarna i hemtjänsten en av de mest sjukskrivna grupperna i Sverige. Det här magister-examensarbetet inom arbetsmiljöutveckling och förändringsledning fokuserar på att undersöka vilken specialkunskap FHV behöver för att stärka hemtjänstbranschens arbetstagare samt ta reda på hur samverkan mellan FHV och hemtjänsten fungerar och hur den kan utvecklas. En kvalitativ intervjustudie utfördes i en svensk storstad med utgångspunkt i ett organisationsperspektiv. Sex personer mellan 30 och 65 år intervjuades. Intervjuobjektens yrken var ergonom, arbetsmiljöingenjör, undersköterska i hemtjänsten och chefer från båda parter. För att få en djupare förståelse för fenomenet transkriberades intervjuerna. Betydelsefulla gemensamma teman för intervjupersonerna var samverkan, ekonomi och engagemang, viktiga arbetsmiljöfrågor, förebyggande arbete i dag, hemtjänstens tjänstebehov av FHV och vilket stöd FHV behöver i sitt arbete med hemtjänsten. De studerade parterna var överens om att de inte hade något utvecklat samarbete och att det bestod ett glapp mellan dem. Alla intervjupersoner var eniga om arbetsmiljöproblemen i branschen. Dessa var stress, tidspress, tungt fysisk arbete, att brukarnas hem inte alltid var anpassade för hemtjänstpersonalen, avsaknad av kollegor, hot och våld samt rökande brukare. Det fanns idag en barriär mellan det förebyggande arbete som skulle kunna bedrivas och vad som beställdes av hemtjänsten. "Nyttiggörande av branschkunskap – implementering av nätverk” med projektledare Annika Vänje

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Luqman, Arwa. "The Struggle for Preventative and Early Detection Networking: The ‘Asabiyya-Driven Structuration of Women’s Breast Cancer in the Arab Region." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20711.

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By 2020, cancer mortality rates are estimated to increase by 180% in Arab countries, where breast cancer is the most common type of cancer. This thesis explores and evaluates the ‘asabiyya-driven structuration (the cohesive force of the group that gives it strength in facing its struggles for progressive reproduction) of cancer agents, government agents, and the World Health Organization agents for breast cancer prevention and early detection in the Arab region. The layers of the philosophical standing from Ibn Khaldûn’s concept of ‘asabiyya and the theoretical foundation of social systems theory, structuration theory, social network analysis, and social capital theory are peeled in order to explore and evaluate the context, constraints, social networks, autopoiesis, and social capital. Utilizing a qualitative research design, this thesis employs content analysis and in-depth interviews, as well as NVivo as a tool for analysis. Data is collected from 122 publications and knowledgeable informants employed by cancer agencies, ministries of health, and World Health Organization offices in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Oman. The findings are divided into the contextual scope of responsibility and resources, the progressive and hierarchal constraining structure, the optimal and weak social networks, the strong and vulnerable shields of autopoiesis, and the presence and absence of social capital momentum, followed by a discussion on the the struggle for structuration against breast cancer. The findings demonstrate that countries with a national cancer control program witness local strengthening ‘asabiyya and ‘asabiyya-driven structuration, while those without a national cancer control program witness weakening local ‘asabiyya. Ultimately, this thesis proposes strategic recommendations to accelerate the regional ‘asabiyya-driven structuration of breast cancer.

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Magnusson, Sara. "Skolsköterskors erfarenheter av arbete med barns övervikt och fetma." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-32302.

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Övervikt och fetma är ett folkhälsoproblem som ökar i en oroväckande takt både i Sverige och i många andra delar av världen. Fetma räknas som en sjukdom i sig, men är även en riskfaktor för andra icke smittsamma sjukdomar. Våra levnadsvanor grundläggs redan under barndomen och inverkar på hälsan resten av livet. Att satsa på förebyggande åtgärder i tidig ålder kan således vara viktigt för att minska risken att barn senare i livet drabbas av överviktsrelaterade sjukdomar. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka skolsköterskors och skolors erfarenheter av och förutsättningar för att arbeta med övervikt och fetma bland barn mellan sex och elva år. För att besvara syftet användes en kvalitativ metodansats. Totalt genomfördes sex enskilda semistrukturerade intervjuer med skolsköterskor. Intervjuerna analyserades med en manifest innehållsanalys. I resultatet framkom att övervikt och fetma är vanligt förekommande på skolorna. Övervikt och fetma anses vara ett viktigt, men också svårt, område för skolor att arbeta mot. Skolsköterskorna uppfattar flera hinder i sitt arbete, och önskar att de kunde göra mera för att hjälpa barn som drabbats. Skolsköterskorna har många idéer om hur de och skolorna skulle kunna arbeta förebyggande, men upplever en frustration över de bristande resurserna som ges till det. Overweight and obesity is a public health problem that is increasing in an alarming rate both in Sweden and in many other parts of the world. Obesity is considered as a disease in itself, but is also a risk factor for other noncommunicable diseases. Our habits are established during childhood and have an impact on our health throughout our lives. Investing in preventive interventions at an early age may therefore be important for reducing the risk of children later in life suffer from obesity-related diseases. The aim of this study was to examine school nurses' and schools’ experiences of and presumptions for working with overweight and obesity among children at primary schools. A qualitative approach was chosen and a total of six individual semi-structured interviews with school nurses were conducted. The interviews were analysed with a manifest content analysis. The result showed that overweight and obesity are common in the primary schools. Overweight and obesity are considered an important, but also difficult, area for schools to work against. The school nurses perceive several obstacles in their work, and wish they could do more to help children who are affected. The school nurses have many ideas about how they and the schools could work preventive, but are frustrated over the lack of resources that are given to it.

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Adawi, Rahim. "Preventing fatal effects of overworking : Product design solution." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15473.

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“Overworking to death” is a phenomenon that has been noticeable in developing countries. The cause of death is mainly through ischemic strokes. While the victims’ occupations differed, they all shared a common characteristic, being positioned in a sedentary work, ranging from IT workers to doctors. This project’s aim was to develop a product that prevented or decreased the strokes that derived from sedentary overwork. This was mainly tackled by preventing one of the three causes of developing blood props, slowed blood flow. In order to gather rich data of the phenomenon, a qualitative study was conducted in China, during two months. By doing an extensive structured sampling, information rich data could be gathered during a short period of time. Data were derived from observations, questionnaires and an interview, which then was interpreted to customer needs and the final product specification. The final product became a trouser with an in built dynamic compression mechanic, that can compress the veins mostly during sitting activities, in order to prevent blood stasis. The compression mechanic works like the Chinese finger trap; compressing the calves while sitting and stretching the legs forward. It is made only out of polysaccharides fibres; cotton and corn. "Guolaosi" eller död från överarbete är ett fenomen som i regel uppkommer bland utvecklingsländer. Dödsorsaken är huvudsakligen genom stroke. Offrens yrken varierar allt från professorer, IT-arbetare till läkare. De delar dock en sak gemensamt; att arbeta under långa perioder stillasittande. Projektets mål var att utveckla en produkt som minskar dödliga följderna av sedentära överarbete, genom att förebygga en av de tre orsakerna för att utveckla blodproppar; saktad blodström. Målgruppen var då kineser av de yrken som hade tidigare drabbats av fenomenet. För att samla informationsrika data om fenomenet genomfördes en kvalitativ studie i Kina under två månader. Genom att göra en omfattande strukturerad provtagning kunde informationsrika data samlas under en kort tidsperiod. Fältstudien bestod av observationer, frågeformulär och en intervju, som då tolkades till kundbehov och eventuellt produktspecifikationen. Den slutliga produkten kom att bli ett par byxor med en inbyggd dynamisk komprimeringsmekanism, som kan komprimera venerna under sittande aktiviteter, för att förhindra saktad blodström. Kompressionsmekanismen fungerar som den kinesiska fingerfällan. Den komprimerar blodkärlen medan personen sitter och sträcker benen framåt. Produkten är konstruerad på så sätt att den kan tillverkas endast av polysackariders tråd, från bomull och majs. Vilket är lämpligt för Kinas lokala resurser.

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Walleräng, Alexander. "Suicidprevention inom Kriminalvården : En kvalitativ studie av anställdas upplevelser av "Handboken för suicidprevention"." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för folkhälso- och idrottssvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32810.

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Walleräng, A. (2020). Suicide prevention within the Swedish Prison and Probation service – Employees experiences of “Guidelines for suicide prevention”. Bachelor thesis in Public Health Science. Department of Public Health and Sport Science. University of Gävle, Sweden. A qualitative interview study with people working in the Swedish Prison and Probation service was conducted to explore their experiences of “Guidelines for suicide prevention”. As a starting point were the guidelines used within prisons and the probation service. Semi-structured interviews, where the respondents were allowed to reflect over its content and how they used it in their daily work, were used together with an interview guide. The data was then analysed through content analysis and later categorised. The result was divided into two domains; the individual and the organisation. Each category was described in the result. The main finding was that the responders described the guidelines as a good support in their work. Although they also reported a lack of clear descriptions of how the cooperation between the Prison and Probation service and external psychiatry was to be conducted. Guidelines were mostly directed inwards. In conclusion, the guidelines are produced to simplify the suicide preventive work. The importance of staff presence and personal engagement are key factors to successfully reduce suicides and self-harm. Key words: Suicide prevention, prison, guidelines, experiences, interview study. Sammanfattning Syftet med studien vara att undersöka hur anställda vid Kriminalvården upplever Handboken för suicidprevention som används inom häkte, anstalt och frivård. Anställda inom samtliga verksamhetsgrenar deltog i 4 st. semi-strukturerade intervjuer som utgick ifrån en intervjuguide. Deltagarna fick möjlighet att reflektera fritt utifrån sina upplevelser av suicidpreventivt arbete. Det insamlade materialet analyserades utifrån en innehållsanalys där kategorier identifierades. Kategorierna delades upp inom två teman; Individen och Organisationen. Utifrån dessa analyserades resultatet och redovisas utifrån kategorier. Resultatet ger att handboken upplevs som ett bra stöd i verksamheten och som källa till rutiner överlag. Resultatet visar även att handboken har brister och kan upplevas som otydlig. Bristerna består främst i att den inte upplevs beskriva hur samverkan skall går till mellan Kriminalvården och psykiatrin. Det suicidpreventiva arbetet vänder sig främst till häkte och anstalt även om det stora antalet klienter finns inom frivården. Nyckelord: Suicidprevention, Kriminalvård, Handbok, Upplevelse, Intervju

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Sauer, Emma. "Att arbeta i restaurangbranschen : En kvalitativ studie om arbetstagares upplevelser av psykosocial arbetsmiljö och stress." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-32423.

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En utgångspunkt för arbetslivet bör vara att skapa en arbetsmiljö som ger individer förutsättningar att ingå, kvarstå och utvecklas i arbetet. Arbetsmiljön är betydande för både individers hälsa och verksamheters utveckling samt förutsättningar för tillväxt. Arbetsplatsen betonas därmed vara en betydande arena för förebyggande insatser. Det är arbetsgivaren som har huvudsakligt ansvar för arbetsmiljön. Ingen arbetstagare ska riskera att skadas eller drabbas av ohälsa i arbetet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur psykosocial arbetsmiljö och stress upplevs hos arbetstagare inom restaurangbranschen. För att besvara syftet användes en kvalitativ metod och fem semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Intervjupersonerna för studien var serviceanställda inom restaurangbranschen. Analys av datamaterial utfördes med en manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Det resultat som framkom visar att arbetstagarna främst har negativa upplevelser av sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö och stress, dock framkommer några variationer gällande nivå av problematik. Deras arbete beskrivs innebära ständig stress och omfattar ett flertal arbetsmiljöbrister. Obalans råder mellan höga krav i arbetet och bristande resurser som påverkar arbetstagarnas hälsa negativt både psykiskt och fysiskt. Arbetstagarna betonar faktorer som överbelastande arbete, bristande återhämtning och ledarskap som påfrestande vilka resulterar i arbetsmiljöproblem. A starting point for working life should be to create a work environment that gives individuals the ability to enter, remain and progress in work. The work is significant both for individual health and development activities as well as opportunities for growth. Workplace therefore constitutes to be an important setting for preventive interventions. It is the employer who has the principal responsibility for the work. No employee should risk being injured or suffer ill health at work. The purpose of the study was to investigate the psychosocial work environment and stress experienced by workers in the restaurant industry. To answer the purpose a qualitative approach been used and five semi-structured interviews were conducted. Those interviewed for the study were service employees in the restaurant industry. Analysis of the data was performed with a manifest content analysis. The results obtained show that works mostly have negative experiences of their psychosocial work environment and stress, however, is any variations regarding the level of problems. Their work is described involve constant stress and includes a number of work deficiencies. There is an imbalance between the demands of work and lack of resources that affect the health negatively both mentally and physically. Workers emphasize factors of stressful work, a lack of recovery and leadership resulting in health and safety problems.

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Kvist, Lindholm Sofia. "The Paradoxes of Socio-Emotional Programmes in School : Young people’s perspectives and public health discourses." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Barn, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122457.

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Over the past decades socio-emotional programmes have been implemented in schools worldwide. Depression in Swedish Adolescents (DISA) and Social and Emotional Training (SET) are two socio-emotional programmes being practised in Swedish schools. The aim of the present dissertation is to explore students’ perspectives on DISA and SET, as well as the programmes’ intentions and strategies. The empirical material consists of interviews with students taking part in DISA and SET, participant observations conducted in an elementary school practising SET, participant observations of DISA and SET instructor courses, and a broad range of textual material concerning the programmes. Article I reports on an inherent contradiction in DISA, where techniques designed as treatment are practised as universal prevention for girls as a group. The girls’ accounts of DISA demonstrate why this contradiction is problematic – it was not up to the girls as course participants to define what problems they were having, but the problems were instead defined for them by the course. Taking part in DISA and SET involves exercises in which the students are expected to selfdisclose in front of their classmates. Article II reports on how this task of self-disclosure had a potential for strengthening students’ peer relations, while it at the same time entailed a risk of triggering already on-going destructive interactions, such as bullying and harassment. Article III demonstrates that the potential of self-disclosure is not equally distributed across the students, but depends on their social status within their peer group. Article III also shows that the norm conveyed by the SET programme – that showing anger is an inappropriate behaviour –functioned locally as a way to justify exclusion and negative positioning of peers who showed anger in response to ill treatment. Article IV provides an in-depth analysis of exchanges in a SET lesson concerning how students should deal with exposure to the negative actions of peers. It demonstrates how the types of questions a teacher is instructed to pose to maintain a neutral attitude in practice involve using more implicit forms of authority to construct ideals concerning desirable behaviours. These ideals were formed by discussing fictive examples, which meant stripping students’ actions of meaning and detaching them from the social and cultural context to which they belong. The present dissertation concludes by giving recommendations for policy practice. Sedan millenniumskiftet har socio-emotionella program kommit att bli allt vanligare i skolor runtom i världen. Depression in Swedish Adolescents (DISA) och Social och Emotionell Träning (SET) utgör två socio-emotionella program som används i svenska skolan. Syftet med denna avhandling är att studera elevers perspektiv på DISA och SET, samt att studera programmens målsättning och design. Analysmaterialet består av intervjuer, deltagande observationer, programmanualer och dokument som beskriver och förklarar programmens utgångspunkter. Avhandlingen innefattar fyra artiklar. Artikel I belyser en konflikt i DISA programmet. DISA programmet lär ut tekniker som har utformats för att behandla depression. Programmet riktas dock till flickor generellt med syftet att förebygga att de utvecklar depression. Flickornas beskrivningar av DISA visar varför denna konflikt i programmet är problematisk. De fick inte själva definiera vilka problem de upplevde, istället var de tvungna att jobba med de problem som programmets övningar tillskrev dem. Övningarna som ingår i DISA och SET innebär moment där eleverna förväntas öppna sig inför varandra. Artikel II och III belyser hur detta fenomen hade potential att stärka elevernas sociala relationer, samtidigt som det också riskerade att leda till mobbning. I SET programmet tränas elever på att kontrollera sin ilska. Artikel III belyser hur normen – att visa ilska är ett olämpligt beteende – användes av eleverna för att rättfärdiga uteslutning av elever som visade ilska. Artikel IV består av en djupanalys av lektionen ’Vad kan du göra’ som handlar om hur elever bör agera om de utsätts för negativa handlingar från kamrater. Artikeln tar utgångspunkt i det dilemma som lärare ställs inför i SET programmet: att å ena sidan träna barnen i att anta socialt accepterade beteenden, och å andra sidan följa programmets krav på neutralitet. Analysen visar att de frågor som SET lärare använder för att åstadkomma en neutral hållning i praktiken medför mer implicita former av styrning där programmets ideal om önskvärda beteenden reproduceras. Önskvärda beteenden konstrueras genom att diskutera fiktiva fall utan att relatera dem till den sociala och kulturella kontext där barnen agerar och hanterar aktuella problem. Avhandlingen avslutas med en diskussion om hur ’barns psykiska hälsa’ och ’barns behov’ förstås och bemöts genom dessa program och vilka slutsatser som kan dras för utformandet av framtida insatser i skolan.

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Rosenblom, Petersson Jeanette, and Zowj Ayda Khabbazi. "Insatser för att rädda liv : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om projektet Sluta skjut i Malmö." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för hälsovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-21988.

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In 2017, an average of one person a month was shot dead in Malmö. Authorities in Sweden stated that more serious violence linked to criminal groups is increasing and measures are being implemented. Malmö's strategy was then to implement a method from the USA called GVI (Group Violence Intervention). The purpose was to reduce the serious violence through cooperation between the police, the municipality and civil society. The method was initially used as a time-limited project, but when the effect showed good results, it was decided to extend it. As a result, we want to investigate how the professionals within the project, Stop Shooting, perceived and thought about the project and its effects. The survey is qualitative and consists of eight semi-structured interviews with professionals within the project. The interviewees work in the police, probation and for Malmö Municipality. The results were interpreted and analyzed on the basis of previous theory and previous research, and the results showed that all in general were positive about the project and its effects, despite the fact that the effects of the project could be perceived in different ways. Finally, we resulted in the project's success being largely due to collaboration between the various actors. The strategy is partly proactive as it tries to counteract continued crime through informative contact with the criminals before they commit more crimes, and partly reactive because the heavier sanctions were introduced only when the criminal groups became the most violent. Under 2017 var det i genomsnitt en person i månaden som blev ihjälskjuten i Malmö. Myndigheter i Sverige konstaterade att grövre våldet kopplat till kriminella grupperingar ökade allt mer och åtgärder implementeras. Malmös strategi var då att implementera en metod från USA som kallades GVI (Group Violence Intervention). Syftet var att minska det grova våldet genom en samverkan mellan polis, kommun och civilsamhället. Metoden användes till en början som ett tidsbegränsat projekt men då effekten visade goda resultat har man beslutat om att förlänga den. Vi vill till följd av detta undersöka hur de yrkesverksamma inom projektet, Sluta skjut, uppfattat och tänkt om projektet och dess effekter. Undersökningen är kvalitativ och utgörs av åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma inom projektet. Intervjupersonerna arbetar inom polisen, frivården samt för Malmö Kommun. Resultatet tolkades och analyserades utifrån tidigare teori och tidigare forskning och resultatet visade att samtliga överlag var positivt ställda till projektet och dess effekter trots att effekterna av projektet kunde uppfattas på olika sätt. Slutligen drar vi slutsatsen att projektets framgång till största delen har berott på samverkan mellan de olika aktörerna. Strategin är dels proaktiv då den försöker motverka fortsatt kriminalitet genom informativ kontakt med de kriminella innan de begår fler brott, dels reaktiv eftersom de grövre sanktionerna infördes först när de kriminella grupperingarna blivit de mest våldsamma.

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Costa, Danyella Augusto Rosendo da Silva. "Estrat?gias de interven??o utilizadas por enfermeiros da ESF do munic?pio de Natal/RN no controle do c?ncer do colo de ?tero." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14793.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:47:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanyellaARSC_DISSERT.pdf: 1002089 bytes, checksum: 8c39650c4f2757b157f3ced0428ababb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-21 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Cancer of the cervix (cervical cancer) is the second most prevalent cancer among Brazilian women. The high rates of cervical cancer in Brazil justify the implementation of effective strategies to control this, which include actions to promote health, primary prevention, early detection, screening, treatment and palliative care. Despite the existence of the National Programme for Control of the CCU there was no reduction in the incidence and mortality of this disease in Brazil. The Family Health Strategy (FHS) has the potential to facilitate such control and, in this context, one should consider that nurses play a central role. The study aimed to know the general intervention strategies used by nurses FHS of Natal / RN in CCU control, and how specific: analyzing the knowledge of these nurses on the CCU, the actions developed in the ESF for the control of CCU and identify the difficulties faced by them to perform it. This is a descriptive exploratory quantitative developed through a structured interview guide with 106 nurses who have experience in controlling the CCU in FHS teams of Natal / RN. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistic s. The results pointed to actions taken in the FHS to control the CCU, collection of cervical cancer screening, health education activities, nursing consultation, referral of suspected cases for medical monitoring and active women with abnormal test result . The actions that were not mentioned by the nurses included: forming groups of prevention and health promotion; expand coverage of exams and office hours of consultations, establishment of alternatives to end the pent-up demand in the health units, participation in treatment or rehabilitation process users with the CCU; interventions for pain management, alliances and partnerships with schools, in dustry and the use of protocols. This study can be seen that the practice nurses partially shares to the CCU in Natal / RN. The participants of this study, when asked about the CCU, specifically for signs and symptoms of disease and risk factors in general showed important gaps. Difficulties such as lack of materials for collection of Pap smear; inadequate physical space in the Health Units; pent-up demand in the service, delay in arrival of the test results; obstacles in the actions of referral and counter-referral and cultural factors make the CCU control is compromised. It is believed in this research contributed to a reflection on the importance of the role of nurses in the development of the ESF control actions CCU, pointing out the factors that affect these. It is important to involve all nurses who comprise the ESF as knowledgeable of the risk factors, signs and symptoms, and existing tools for the early detection of cervical cancer in the pursuit of quality improvement actions to promote women`s health, contributing in planning future interventions that may reduce mortality from this disease in Natal / RN. O c?ncer do colo do ?tero (CCU) ? a segunda neoplasia mais prevalente entre as mulheres brasileiras. Os elevados ?ndices de CCU no Brasil justificam a implementa??o de estrat?gias efetivas para o controle deste, que incluem a??es de promo??o ? sa?de; preven??o prim?ria; detec??o precoce; rastreamento; tratamento e cuidados paliativos. Apesar da exist?ncia do Programa Nacional de Controle do CCU n?o houve redu??o na incid?ncia e mortalidade dessa doen?a no Brasil. A Estrat?gia Sa?de da Fam?lia (ESF) apresenta potencialidades para promover esse controle e, neste contexto, deve-se considerar que os enfermeiros t?m papel central. O estudo teve por objetivo geral conhecer as estrat?gias de interven??o utilizadas por enfermeiros da ESF do munic?pio de Natal/RN no controle do CCU, e como espec?ficos: analisar o conhecimento desses enfermeiros sobre o CCU, descrever as a??es desenvolvidas na ESF para o controle do CCU e identificar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos mesmos para realiz?-la. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo explorat?rio, quantitativo desenvolvido por meio de um roteiro de entrevista estruturada com 106 enfermeiros que t?m experi?ncia no controle do CCU nas equipes de ESF de Natal/RN. A an?lise dos dados foi realizada por meio da estat?stica descritiva. Os resultados apontaram como a??es desenvolvidas na ESF para o controle do CCU, coleta do exame citopatol?gico, atividades de educa??o em sa?de, consulta de enfermagem, encaminhamento de casos suspeitos para o acompanhamento m?dico e busca ativa de mulheres com o resultado do exame alterado. As a??es que n?o foram citadas pelos enfermeiros constam de: forma??o de grupos de preven??o e promo??o ? sa?de; amplia??o da cobertura dos exames e do hor?rio de atendimento das consultas; estabelecimento de alternativas para acabar com a demanda reprimida nas Unidades de Sa?de; participa??o no tratamento ou processo de reabilita??o de usu?rias com o CCU; interven??es para o manejo da dor; alian?as e parcerias com escolas, ind?strias e utiliza??o de protocolos de atendimento. Com este estudo pode-se perceber que os enfermeiros praticam parcialmente a??es para o CCU no munic?pio de Natal/RN. Os participantes deste estudo, quando questionados sobre o CCU, especificamente quanto aos sinais e sintomas da doen?a e os fatores de risco, de forma geral apresentaram lacunas importantes. Dificuldades, como falta de material para coleta do exame preventivo; espa?o f?sico inadequado nas Unidades de Sa?de; demanda reprimida no servi?o; atraso na chegada do resultado dos exames; entraves nas a??es de refer?ncia e contra-refer?ncia e fatores culturais fazem com que o controle do CCU seja comprometido. Acredita-se com esta investiga??o contribuiu para uma reflex?o sobre a import?ncia do papel dos enfermeiros da ESF no desenvolvimento das a??es de controle do CCU, apontando os fatores que interferem nestas. ? importante o envolvimento de todos os enfermeiros que comp?em a ESF como conhecedores dos fatores de risco, sinais e sintomas e dos instrumentos existentes para a detec??o precoce do CCU na busca da melhoria da qualidade das a??es de promo??o ? sa?de da mulher, contribuindo no planejamento de interven??es futuras que possam reduzir a mortalidade causada por esta doen?a no munic?pio de Natal/RN

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Pansani, Sara Regina Moreira. "Queimadura e sofrimento a partir da narrativa de uma psic?loga." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2013. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/319.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SARA REGINA MOREIRA PANSANI.pdf: 751373 bytes, checksum: c7721f15505511e8790d5110de9614c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-11 The aim of this research was to grasp the experience of suffering of patients based on the experience of a psychologist in a unit for treatment of burned victims at a hospital located in the state of S?o Paulo. It was developed as a qualitative research phenomenologically based. A narrative was built by psychologist/researcher as a methodological strategy to capture significant elements experienced in the daily activities with patients, families and multidisciplinary team. It included memories, pictures, thoughts and feelings that made possible the emergence of some meanings: the context of the burns unit is an environment that offers, in addition to treatment, care to patients and their families. Over the period of hospitalization, patients go through extensive physical and psychological suffering: they feel vulnerable and unprotected; resent the absence of family and feel isolated. The way they signify the causes that led to the accident that hurt them is important in the recovery process, as well as how they face intense physical pain and addiction that required care. Family members play an important role in the recovery process of patients as they convey security and affection, in this sense, they end up being part of the team, assisting in the process of recovery of autonomy. The multidisciplinary team responds in a contradictory way to the patients complaints. The exhaustive routine seems to hamper their understanding and acceptance of the patient. On the other hand, they demonstrate willingness and commitment to carry out the procedures necessary for recovery. The researcher's experience allowed understanding of new meanings with regard to the relationship between pain and suffering. She noted the importance of specific psychological attention in that context and how it provides space for the patient to express feelings of loneliness, fear and anguish over the unknown. On the other hand, staff and family members also demand attention to be able to carry out the necessary care. We conclude that suffering severe burns and being hospitalized is an experience that requires from the patient a restructuring in their way of being and living that affects both the professionals who make up the team, as well as the families. O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em apreender o sofrimento vivido por pacientes a partir da experi?ncia de uma psic?loga em uma unidade para tratamento de queimados de um hospital localizado no estado de S?o Paulo. Desenvolveu-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa de inspira??o fenomenol?gica. Uma narrativa foi constru?da como estrat?gia metodol?gica pela psic?loga/pesquisadora para apreender elementos significativos vividos no trabalho cotidiano com pacientes, familiares e equipe multiprofissional. Incluiu lembran?as, impress?es, imagens, sentimentos e pensamentos que possibilitaram a emerg?ncia de alguns significados: o contexto da unidade para queimados constitui um ambiente que oferece, al?m de tratamento, acolhimento aos pacientes e seus familiares. Ao longo do per?odo de hospitaliza??o, os pacientes passam por grande sofrimento f?sico e psicol?gico: sentem-se vulner?veis e desprotegidos; ressentem-se da aus?ncia dos familiares e do isolamento. A maneira como significam as causas que provocaram o acidente que os vitimou tem import?ncia no processo de recupera??o, assim como a forma como enfrentam a dor f?sica intensa e a depend?ncia por necessitarem de cuidados. Os familiares desempenham papel importante no processo de recupera??o dos pacientes ao transmitirem seguran?a e afeto; neste sentido, acabam por fazer parte da equipe, auxiliando no processo de retomada da autonomia. A equipe multiprofissional reage de maneira paradoxal ?s queixas dos pacientes. A rotina exaustiva parece dificultar a capacidade de compreender e acolher. Por outro lado, demonstram disponibilidade e empenho para realizar os procedimentos necess?rios ? recupera??o. A experi?ncia da pesquisadora possibilitou entrar em contato com novos significados no que se refere ? rela??o entre dor e sofrimento. Constatou a import?ncia de uma aten??o psicol?gica espec?fica naquele contexto capaz de disponibilizar ao paciente espa?o para expressar sentimentos de solid?o, medo e ang?stia face ao desconhecido. Por outro lado, a equipe e os familiares tamb?m demandam aten??o a fim de poderem desempenhar os cuidados necess?rios. Conclui-se que sofrer queimadura grave e ser hospitalizado constitui uma experi?ncia que imp?e ao paciente uma reestrutura??o no modo de ser e de viver que afeta tanto os profissionais que comp?em a equipe como tamb?m as fam?lias.

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Mao, Limin Education Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Gay Asian and Caucasian men in Sydney: cultural, social and cognitive factors associated with sex practices." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Education, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18763.

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Using the perspectives of individualism-collectivism, Social Cognitive Theory and other concepts such as gay community attachment, this study focused on issues of homosexual identification, disclosure and sexual risk practices in relation to cross-cultural differences among gay Asian and Caucasian men in Sydney. Mostly recruited from gay social venues, 19 gay Asian men participated in exploratory focus groups discussions, another 201 gay Caucasian and 199 gay Asian men completed an anonymous questionnaire, and a further 10 gay Caucasian and 9 gay Asian men took part in in-depth one-to-one interviews. The major findings were: gay Asian men tended to experience conflict, in being both gay and Asian, related to individualism and collectivism; the gay Asian and Caucasian men differed in various aspects of homosexual practice, but shared certain sexual traits and practices; self-efficacy in safe sex and gay community attachment were key factors associated with gay men???s sexual risk practices (???risk??? being defined as unprotected anal intercourse with any casual partners or with a regular partner whose HIV status was not concordant with the participant???s). This study provides evidence that the inclusion of individualism-collectivism, social cognitive variables and gay community factors in the examination of homosexual identity and practice among men of different cultural backgrounds holds promise. It further suggests that educational programs to encourage safe sex will continue to yield benefits from increasing individual awareness, confidence and ability to effectively deal with situations that could pose risks of HIV transmission.

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Zia, Katia Panfiete. "Gota d'?gua: imagin?rio coletivo de educadoras inclusivas sobre ser professor em tempos de inclus?o." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2012. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/444.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Katia Panfiete Zia.pdf: 1311803 bytes, checksum: 0f5d76c969dd793243c8eb2d9cac828b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 This research aimed to investigate psychoanalytically the collective imagination of inclusive educators about being a teacher nowadays, given the importance of this professional in the execution of the inclusive process. We conducted four group interviews for approaching collective personhood, in which participated eleven teachers from a public institution for special education support. Affiliated to intersubjective psychoanalysis, we used Winnicott's spontaneous theater to facilitate emotional communication. We recorded the clinical event through psychoanalytic narratives, whose approach enabled the interpretative production of a field of affective-emotional meaning, called "the last straw". This is organized around the belief in that "being a teacher" is to suffer due to increasing requests to assume tasks beyond their responsibilities. In this context, school inclusion is not specifically discussed, being confounded with one of the various requirements imposed to teachers. Work-related suffering is translated as impotence and incapability of perceiving a broader social and political horizon that forges, in a perverse way, the precarious working conditions in education. Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar psicanaliticamente o imagin?rio coletivo de educadores inclusivos acerca do ser professor em tempos de inclus?o escolar, dada a import?ncia deste profissional na efetiva??o do processo educacional. Realizamos, para tanto, quatro entrevistas grupais para abordagem da pessoalidade coletiva, utilizando o teatro espont?neo winnicottiano como recurso facilitador da comunica??o subjetiva. Participaram onze educadoras de uma institui??o p?blica de apoio ? educa??o especial. Registramos o acontecer cl?nico por meio de narrativas psicanal?ticas, cuja abordagem permitiu a produ??o interpretativa de um campo de sentido afetivo-emocional, denominado Gota d??gua . Este foi organizado ao redor da cren?a de que ser professor ? sofrer devido a crescentes solicita??es a assumir deveres que ultrapassam suas responsabilidades. Neste campo, a inclus?o escolar n?o ? especificamente tematizada, sendo confundida com uma das in?meras exig?ncias que lhes s?o impostas. O sofrimento no trabalho se traduz como impot?ncia e incapacidade de percep??o de um horizonte social e pol?tico mais amplo que forja de modo perverso as condi??es prec?rias de trabalho na educa??o.

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Johansson, Joel. "Why does a sleepy driver continue to drive?" Thesis, Department of computer and information science, Linköping University, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-596.

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Inom trafikforskningen är det allmänt känt att sömnighet är en starkt bidragande faktor vid trafikolyckor. Tidigare forskning har visat att sömnighet hos förare är närvarande i 16-23 procent av alla bilolyckor. Inom flyg- och järnvägsdomänen har en metod, med en stark influens från human factors-området, kallad Fatigue risk management (FRM) använts för att undersöka hur sociala och organisatoriska faktorer påverkar personalens sömnighetsnivå. Dock har denna metod inte använts för att undersöka lastbilsförares sömnighetsnivå i någon större utsträckning. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur lastbilsförare upplever, motarbetar och motverkar sömnighet i deras dagliga arbetssituation. Resultaten visar att lastbilsförare i sitt arbete möter en stor mängd trötthetsbidragande faktorer, som kan härledas både till organisatoriska faktorer och individuellt beteende. Möjliga sätt att motverka sömnighet bland lastbilsförare, riktade mot både individen och organisationen, föreslås. In the traffic domain it is commonly known that sleepiness is a highly contributing factor in traffic accidents. Research has shown that sleepiness among drivers is present in about 16-23 per cent of all car accidents. In the aviation and railway industry a method or framework with some shared influences from the Human Factors approach, called Fatigue Risk Management (FRM) has been used to investigate how social and organisational factors affect the personnels level of sleepiness. The overall aims of this study are to investigate how truck drivers experience, fight and counteract sleepiness in their daily work environment. The results show that drivers face a wide variety of sleep contributing factors, stemming from both organisational factors and individual behaviour. Possible ways of counteracting truck driver sleepiness, concerning both the individual and the organisation, are also suggested.

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Costa, Juares Soares. "Terapia de fam?lia e seus significados: narrativas sobre as experi?ncias dos clientes." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2011. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/439.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juares Soares Costa.pdf: 813333 bytes, checksum: 5ebcc05b5997c26ade8e02f369b798af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 The purpose of this study was to apprehend and interpret in a phenomenological way some of the significant elements from people s experiences whom have concluded a process of family therapy. The research focus was on the meaning given by clients to their experiences. The researcher constituted a dialogical relationship with participants and, by doing so was able to access the meanings of their experiences and to communicate them through comprehensive narratives inspired by the ideas of Walter Benjamin. Narrative emerged as a proper methodological strategy to present and analyze patients experiences on family therapy as it was told to the researcher in a clinical setting. After all the families were interviewed a narrative synthesis was written with the main meanings of their experiences as they were understood by the researcher. These interpretations pointed a way that made possible the proposition of some guidelines for the clinical practice with families in institutional settings: 1) the therapy may work even if only two family members take part in it; 2) an easy and neutral attitude by the therapist is positive for the clients; 3) the therapeutical conversation is a model for the family in other contexts; 4) the reflexive conversation between the therapists or between a therapist and a family member is a model for changes in the family dynamics; 5) the couple or any other part of the family may be counseled apart, as a way to deal with specific issues that may influence other family members; 6) the families appreciates the conversations where they can speak, hear and be heard; 7) Even the persons who did not volunteer to go to therapy saw it as an opportunity for positive changes; 8) The pre-settled number of therapy sessions may be changed in a process where the decision is shared with the patients. Este estudo buscou apreender e interpretar, fenomenologicamente, elementos significativos da experi?ncia vivida por pessoas que conclu?ram um processo de terapia de fam?lia. O foco da investiga??o localizou-se em como os clientes significam a experi?ncia vivida. Foi desenvolvido como uma pesquisa fenomenol?gica na qual o pesquisador constituiu uma rela??o dial?gica com os participantes, a partir da qual apreendeu significados e os comunicou sob a forma de narrativas compreensivas. A narrativa, inspirada nas id?ias de Walter Benjamin, emergiu como uma estrat?gia metodol?gica adequada para apresentar e analisar as experi?ncias de pessoas atendidas em terapia de fam?lia, relatadas ao pesquisador em uma situa??o cl?nica. Constru?ram-se narrativas compreensivas ap?s cada encontro com membros de cinco fam?lias. Posteriormente, foi elaborada uma narrativa-s?ntese contendo os principais significados da experi?ncia dos participantes da forma como foram apreendidos pelo pesquisador. Estes significados apontaram um sentido que possibilitou a proposi??o de alguns norteadores para a pr?tica cl?nica com fam?lias em contextos institucionais: 1) o processo terap?utico pode ser eficaz mesmo com a participa??o de apenas dois membros da fam?lia; 2) uma postura neutra e tranq?ila por parte do terapeuta ? percebida como positiva pelos clientes; 3) a conversa??o terap?utica constitui um referencial que a fam?lia adota em outros contextos; 4) o modelo de conversa??o reflexiva entre os terapeutas ou entre o terapeuta e membros da fam?lia tamb?m pode constituir um modelo para mudan?a das din?micas do grupo familiar; 5) a fam?lia pode beneficiar-se do atendimento em separado do casal ou de outro subgrupo, com o objetivo de trabalhar quest?es espec?ficas que possam ter influ?ncia sobre os problemas de outros membros; 6) as fam?lias valorizam as conversa??es que permitem a todos serem ouvidos e falar; 7) o encaminhamento involunt?rio para a terapia ? percebido pelas fam?lias como uma oportunidade para mudan?as construtivas; 8) o n?mero pr?-estabelecido de sess?es pode se revisto em cada caso a partir de um processo de decis?o compartilhado com os clientes.

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Rego, Renata Marques. "Dan?ar o adolescer: estudo fenomenol?gico com um grupo de dan?a de rua em uma escola." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2008. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/219.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Renata M Rego.pdf: 649608 bytes, checksum: d903f61a334d1c5183e78385631de5ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-17 Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas This research was carried out to understand the significance of dancing experience of adolescent street dancers within a school context. It was a qualitative study based on exploratory analysis and phenomenological background. The guiding theoretical reference undertaken in this study was the Humanistic Psychology, specifically the Client-Centered Approach, developed by Carl Rogers. This study was conducted on a public school environment employing street dance classes offered to teenagers as an extra curricular project. The researcher attended weekly the dancing classes during six months. Afterwards it was performed private interviews with adolescents. Seven narratives were developed according to the intersubjective relationship developed among the researcher and the students, focusing on personal experience by the adolescents. It was concluded that teenagers experience by taking street dance classes led to a significant learning, as developed by Rogers, since it becomes more spontaneous, self-guided, and toward selffulfilling. The experience offered to the street dancer group provided the students in their growing process with typical elements as follows: spontaneous interest in participate on personal activities which contribute to the physical and psychological growth; physical and emotional experience on their growing body, their losses and potential creativity; complete involvement of affection and intellect, throughout the learning processes; self-recognition assisted by a positive and varied acceptance weaning from parentship; distinction between their parents and themselves; the experience of being part of a group and have their own particularities at the same time; development of personal power and self-reliance as derived from the dancing process; the enthusiasm to the world desiring to change it, rethinking themselves in this process and enduring a smoother balance for integration extending this experience toward adulthood. This study suggests that the school context represents a potential to develop significant interpersonal relationship easing a psychological development. Esta pesquisa prop?s-se a compreender os sentidos atribu?dos ? experi?ncia de dan?ar por adolescentes praticantes da dan?a de rua em um contexto escolar. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de car?ter explorat?rio e de inspira??o fenomenol?gica. O referencial te?rico norteador do estudo foi a psicologia de orienta??o humanista, especificamente a Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa (ACP), desenvolvida por Carl Rogers. Realizou-se no contexto de um grupo de dan?a de rua, oferecido a alunos adolescentes em uma escola p?blica da cidade de Campinas, sob a forma de um projeto extracurricular. A pesquisadora acompanhou, semanalmente, durante seis meses as aulas de dan?a e, posteriormente, realizou entrevistas individuais com os alunos que se interessaram em participar da pesquisa. Objetivando focar a experi?ncia vivida pelos participantes da pesquisa sob o prisma da rela??o intersubjetiva estabelecida entre a pesquisadora e os alunos, foram constru?das sete narrativas. Concluiu-se que a experi?ncia dos adolescentes com a dan?a de rua no contexto da escola aproxima-se da proposta de aprendizagem significativa, desenvolvida por Rogers, ao constituir-se em uma aprendizagem auto-iniciada, auto-dirigida e dotada de significa??o pessoal. A experi?ncia vivida no grupo de dan?a de rua proporcionou aos alunos a emerg?ncia de elementos t?picos da experi?ncia de adolescer, como o interesse espont?neo em participar de atividades dotadas de significa??o pessoal e que contribuam para o crescimento; viv?ncia f?sica e subjetiva do corpo em crescimento, suas perdas e potencial criativo; envolvimento integral com a experi?ncia de aprendizagem, envolvendo sentimentos e intelecto; busca por si mesmo facilitada pela aceita??o positiva de outros significativos; diferencia??o em rela??o aos pais; viv?ncia de pertencimento a um grupo que compartilha significados, ao mesmo tempo em que se diferencia da maioria; sentimentos de auto-confian?a e poder pessoal ao dan?ar; abertura para o mundo e interesse em modific?-lo, refazendo-se a si mesmo neste processo; desejo de levar da adolesc?ncia o dan?ar como um brincar e um modo de cuidar de si. Este estudo evidenciou tamb?m que o contexto da escola representa um espa?o potencial para o desenvolvimento de rela??es interpessoais significativas e facilitadoras para o desenvolvimento psicol?gico.

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Vasconcelos, Ticiana Paiva de. "Aten??o psicol?gica em situa??es extremas: compreendendo a experi?ncia de psic?logos." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2015. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/464.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ticiana Paiva de Vasconcelos.pdf: 3538927 bytes, checksum: d5d1b1a88d630edaf25edceb9109b780 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-10 This research aimed to apprehend and interpret the experience of psychologists who have worked in several contexts considered extreme situations, including those designated as abrupt - environmental disasters and plane crashes - and as chronic - armed conflicts, post-war and epidemics. The investigation was characterized as an exploratory qualitative research of phenomenological inspiration. Individual encounters with nine psychologists ocurred from April to September of 2013. As a strategy for the participants experience based on the researcher's impressions. A narrative-synthesis emerged from all the individual narratives pointing to interpretative elements relatd to the studied phenomenon: (1) being exposed to constant threats to the their physical and psychological integrity and living with risk becomes an inherent part of this professional practice; (2) belonging to an organization that manages the team's actions allows a certain structure for their interventions and also offers support and care to the professionals; (3) psychological care develops in harmony eith the specificities and demands of the situation, developing from attitudes of empathy and acceptance, as well as from the authenticity of the psychologist himself; (4) psychologists revealed feelings of sefrealization as a result of participating in extreme situations, and a desire to remain in a state of readiness for action. (5) working in extreme situations is a fertile and peculiar opportunity of learning. These results revealed the meaning of the psychological practice in extreme situations as human gesture of casting oneself in the direction of others as a mission to care for and facilitate the clinical situation. Esta pesquisa objetivou compreender e interpretar a experi?ncia de psic?logos que atuaram em diversos contextos considerados como situa??es extremas, incluindo as denominadas abruptas - desastres ambientais e acidentes a?reos - e as cr?nicas - conflitos armados, p?s-guerras e epidemias. Caracterizou-se como pesquisa explorat?ria de inspira??o fenomenol?gica. Foram realizados encontros individuais com nove psoc?logos no per?odo de abril a setembro de 2013. Como estrat?gia para a an?lise dos encontros foram elaboradas narrativas que desvelaram os significados da experi?ncia dos participantes a partir da compreens?o da pesquisadora. Uma narrativa-s?ntese emergiu do conjunto de narrativas individuais apontando elementos de natureza interpretativa em rela??o ao fen?meno estudado: (1) diante da exposi??o a constantes amea?as ? sua propria integridade f?sica e psicol?gica, conviver com o risco torna-se parte inerente a este tipo de pr?tica profissional; (2) pertencer a uma organiza??o que gerencia as a??es da equipe possibilita estruturar a interven??o e tamb?m oferece apoio e cuidado aos profissionais; (3) a aten??o psicol?gica desenvolve-se em sintonia com as especificidadese demandas da situa??o, constituindo-se a partir de atitudes de empatia e aceita??o ?s pessoas, assim como de autenticidade em rela??o a si pr?prio; (4) os psic?logos revelaram sentimentos de autorrealiza??o em decorr?ncia da participa??o em situa??es extremas e anseio por permanecer em estado de prontid?o para entrar em a??o; (5) atuar em situa??es extremas constitui campo f?rtil e peculiar de aprendizagem. Esses resultados desvelaram o sentido da pr?tica psicol?gica em situa??es extremas como um gesto humano de lan?ar-se em dire??o ao outro tendo como miss?o o cuidar e possibilitando e emerg?ncia do acontecer cl?nico.

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Zaparoli, Carolina Teixeira. "Falando pra galera :narrativas sobre a experi?ncia de profissionais da sa?de em um projeto social." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2011. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/276.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Teixeira Zaparoli.pdf: 579714 bytes, checksum: 19514413578fa3f13ab8cfe93d5562dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-17 This research objectified to comprehend the experience of public health professionals in relation to the participation in a project called Talking to the Kids developed by a non governamental organization. It is a qualitative study of phenomenological inspiration. The theoretical framework included the concepts of Carl Rogers on significant learning and the pedagogical principles developed by Paulo Freire. The researcher interviewed seven health professionals: psychologist, occupational therapist, health communitarian agent, nurse, nurse aid, dentist and medical doctor. Objectifying to focus on the - experience lived by the participants and communicated during an encounter between the researcher and each one of the professionals, seven comprehensive narratives were constructed. The narratives had brought to clear significant elements of the experience lived by the professionals. It was concluded that the learning environment offered by the project to the professionals in relation to the development of activities with adolescents come close to the rogerian proposal for a meaningful learning, due to the inclusion of affective and cognitive elements, beyond having been auto-directed. The experience made possible for the professionals to rescue elements of their own adolescence and also it made them leave the condition of observers to assume qualified and efficient personal attitudes. It provided an experimental setting for the participants in order to allow them to try other ways to be a health professional. This research signals the importance of proposals that aim to characterize health professionals practices from strategies that value the personal experience, contributing for the reinforcement of the Unique Health System SUS in Brazil. Esta pesquisa objetivou compreender a experi?ncia de profissionais de sa?de p?blica em rela??o ? participa??o em um projeto denominado Falando Pra Galera, desenvolvido por uma organiza??o n?o governamental. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de inspira??o fenomenol?gica. Os referenciais te?ricos norteadores foram os conceitos de Carl Rogers sobre aprendizagem significativa e os princ?pios pedag?gicos propostos por Paulo Freire. A pesquisadora entrevistou sete profissionais da sa?de: psic?logo, terapeuta ocupacional, agente comunit?rio de sa?de, enfermeiro, auxiliar de enfermagem, dentista e m?dico. Objetivando apreender a experi?ncia vivida pelos participantes.A partir de encontro dial?gico entre a pesquisadora e cada um dos profissionais, foram constru?das sete narrativas compreensivas. As narrativas trouxeram ? tona elementos significativos da experi?ncia vivida pelos profissionais. Concluiu-se que o ambiente de aprendizagem proporcionado pelo projeto aos profissionais em rela??o ao desenvolvimento de atividades com adolescentes aproxima-se da proposta de Rogers para uma aprendizagem significativa, ao incluir elementos afetivos e cognitivos, al?m de ter sido auto-dirigido. A experi?ncia possibilitou aos profissionais resgatar elementos de sua pr?pria adolesc?ncia, fazendoos sa?rem da condi??o de expectadores para assumirem uma postura pessoal, qualificada e eficaz. Proporcionou-lhes ainda um espa?o para a experimenta??o de outras maneiras de ser profissional da sa?de. Esta pesquisa sinaliza a import?ncia de propostas que visem qualificar a pr?tica dos profissionais da sa?de a partir de estrat?gias que valorizem a experi?ncia pessoal, contribuindo para o fortalecimento do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de SUS -- no Brasil.

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Messias, Tatiana Slonczewski Caselli. "Compreens?o psicol?gica das viv?ncias de pais em aconselhamento gen?tico (ag): um estudo fenomenol?gico." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2006. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/358.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Messias.pdf: 927085 bytes, checksum: 3cdca6dadcee4ded792743072f7b01fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-10 The research aimed to understand psychologically mother s and couples experiences in a process of Genetic Counseling (CG) on the Perinatal Genetic Ambulatory of CAISM/ UNICAMP after the birth of a child with Neural Tube Defect compatible or not with surviving with the purpose of planning specific actions regarding the attention to mental health in that context. Ten participants were selected among the population of mothers and couples attended during the period from March, 2003 to February, 2004, based on the richness and how representative were the psychological experiences reported. The research descriptive and with an exploratory feature was developed based on the phenomenological method. It began with the researcher s insertion on the studied context as a trainee. Observations were made during the GC consultations and, in a posterior moment, interviews with the participants were conducted, stimulated by some starting questions, in two moments: immediately after the GC and about six months later. The reports, transformed in Narratives, brought elements of the parents psychological experiences both in regard to the malformed children s death and surviving, as well as meaningful interpersonal relationships with relatives, friends and medical staff. The malformation diagnosis, the decisions derived by it and the contact with the baby dead or alive was a painful experience to mothers and couples. The emphasis, however, was given to the mothers experiences because of the considerable personal transformation caused by the existence of a malformed child. All the women participants in the research experienced motherhood even those whose babies didn t survive or the ones who proceeded with early pregnancy interruption given to their babies the status of sons. The surviving of the malformed child altered essentially mother s lives and their plans about the future because demanded intensive care and dedication, many times in detriment of their own needs. In this way, although reporting certain surpass about the initial suffering, they started to live in accord to the child s progresses. Differently, but without less suffering, the mothers whose babies passed way seemed to be able to surpass part of the suffering, dealing with the emptiness derived from the suspension of the exercise of their mother capacity trough the retake of ordinary activities and plans for the future, as they recovered psychologically. Even having the parents limitations for the comprehension of the orientations they received at the GC, it was experienced positively, both in regard to the contact they had with the staff and by the fact it had become an opportunity for relieving guilt, demystification of fantasies about the origins of the pathology and better comprehension of the problem. The possibility of the researcher s insertion on the service added to the study an ethnographic feature that leaded to a wider psychological comprehension about the studied question, making possible the reflection regarding the proper institutional psychological attention to the context and phenomena on focus, generating some strategies of intervention. A pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender psicologicamente viv?ncias de m?es e casais em processo de Aconselhamento Gen?tico (AG) no Ambulat?rio de Gen?tica Perinatal do CAISM/UNICAMP, ap?s o nascimento de um filho portador de defeito de fechamento do tubo neural - compat?vel ou n?o com a sobrevida - visando ao planejamento de a??es espec?ficas voltadas a aten??o ? sa?de mental nesse contexto. Dez participantes, atendidos naquele contexto no per?odo de mar?o/2003 a fevereiro/2004, foram selecionados tendo como crit?rios a riqueza e a representatividade das viv?ncias psicol?gicas relatadas. O estudo descritivo e de car?ter explorat?rio desenvolveu-se com base no m?todo fenomenol?gico. Iniciou-se com a inser??o da pesquisadora no ambulat?rio, na condi??o de estagi?ria. Foram realizadas observa??es durante as consultas de AG e, posteriormente, entrevistas semi-dirigidas com os participantes, estimuladas por quest?es disparadoras, em dois momentos: imediatamente ap?s o AG e cerca de seis meses depois. Os relatos, transformados em narrativas trouxeram elementos das viv?ncias psicol?gicas dos pais, tanto em rela??o ? morte quanto ? sobrevida do filho malformado, bem como de rela??es interpessoais significativas com familiares, amigos e com as equipes m?dicas. O diagn?stico da malforma??o, as decis?es dela decorrentes e o contato com o filho vivo ou morto - constitu?ram intensas viv?ncias psicol?gicas para m?es e casais. A ?nfase, por?m, foi dada ?s viv?ncias das m?es pela consider?vel transforma??o existencial em fun??o do nascimento de um filho malformado.Todas as participantes do estudo vivenciaram a maternidade, mesmo aquelas cujos filhos n?o sobreviveram ou que procederam ? interrup??o gestacional em etapa precoce do desenvolvimento fetal, e atribu?ram aos beb?s o status de filhos. A sobreviv?ncia do filho malformado, por sua vez, alterou essencialmente a vida das m?es e seus planos para o futuro, demandando delas intensos cuidados e dedica??o, muitas vezes em detrimento de suas pr?prias necessidades. Assim, embora relatassem certa supera??o em rela??o ao sofrimento inicial, passaram a viver de acordo com os progressos do filho. Diferentemente, embora n?o com menos sofrimento, as m?es cujos filhos faleceram parecem ter sido tamb?m capazes de superar parte do sofrimento ao longo do tempo, lidando com o vazio decorrente da suspens?o do exerc?cio da capacidade materna pela retomada de atividades rotineiras e de planos quanto ao futuro. Ainda que tenham existido limita??es por parte dos pais para a compreens?o das orienta??es recebidas no AG, este foi vivenciado positivamente, tanto em rela??o ao contato que tiveram com a equipe quanto ao fato de ele ter-se constitu?do numa oportunidade para al?vio da culpa, desmistifica??o de fantasias quanto ? origem da patologia e melhor compreens?o do problema. A possibilidade de inser??o da pesquisadora no servi?o acrescentou ao estudo car?ter etnogr?fico consideravelmente enriquecedor, levando a uma compreens?o psicol?gica mais abrangente da complexidade da quest?o estudada e possibilitando a reflex?o acerca da aten??o psicol?gica de car?ter institucional adequada ao contexto e ao fen?meno em foco, gerando algumas estrat?gias de interven??o.

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Baccaro, Alessandra Fernandes. "Validação da versão em português da entrevista telefônica para avaliação do estado cognitivo - modificada (TICS-M) em pacientes acometidos por acidente vascular cerebral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5169/tde-11082014-104312/.

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Introdução: O AVC (acidente vascular cerebral) é uma das mais importantes causas de alterações neuropsicológicas. Uma avaliação cognitiva inicial realizada por telefone implicaria em um diagnóstico mais precoce de prejuízo cognitivo e demência, reduzindo custos e tempo. Objetivo: Examinar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira da Entrevista Telefônica para Avaliação do Estado Cognitivo - Modificada (TICS-M) em pacientes pós-AVC. Métodos: Previamente à validação da TICS-M em indivíduos acometidos por AVC, foi realizada tradução para o Português do Brasil e adaptação transcultural da versão original da TICS-M em uma amostra de 30 sujeitos não clínicos. Após esta fase, um subgrupo de 61 pacientes com AVC, participantes do Estudo da Mortalidade e Morbidade do AVC (EMMA) que ocorre no Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo, foram convidados a participar da validação da TICS-M, seis meses após o evento agudo. A TICS-M foi aplicada em três momentos: avaliação inicial (entrevista presencial), uma e duas semanas após a primeira avaliação. Na avaliação inicial, além da TICS-M, questionários adicionais foram aplicados para avaliar a cognição: MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), MEEM (Mini Exame do Estado Mental); e para a depressão, HDRS (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Todos os questionários foram aplicados por duas entrevistadoras treinadas para o estudo. A confiabilidade intra-observador da TICS-M foi testada através dos coeficientes de Pearson, Intraclasse e alfa de Cronbach. As características internas do TICS-M também foram avaliadas através de uma análise exploratória utilizando o método Análise de Componentes Principais. A validade discriminatória do instrumento para rastreamento de demência pós-AVC foi avaliada em comparação a MEEM pela análise da área sob a curva (AUC) determinada pela curva ROC. Foram calculadas sensibilidade e especificidade para o ponto de corte ideal para rastrear demência. Resultados: De maneira geral, a TICS-M traduzida para o português apresentou um bom entendimento dos itens na mostra de indivíduos não clínicos. Foi observada uma frequência de 23% sugestiva de demência pós-AVC. O nível de escolaridade esteve positivamente associado ao estado demencial rastreado pelo MEEM. O estado depressivo assim como outras características de base não se associou à demência sugerida pelo MEEM. A confiabilidade teste-reteste intra-observador revelou taxas quase totais nos três momentos avaliados (Pearson Coeficiente > 0,85, Coeficientes de Correlação Intraclasse > 0,85 e Coeficiente alfa de Cronbach: 0,96). A análise fatorial determinou três domínios: memória de trabalho e atenção; memória recente e de evocação e orientação. A área sob a curva (AUC) determinada para a TICS-M em comparação com MEEM foi de 0,89 (intervalo de confiança 95%: 0,80-0,98). O ponto de corte sugerido para TICS-M foi de 14 pontos (escala de 0-39 pontos) para rastrear demência com sensibilidade de 91,5% e especificidade de 71,4%. Resultados semelhantes foram observadas com o MoCA. Conclusão: A versão brasileira da TICS-M sugere ser um instrumento de pesquisa útil e confiável para rastrear demência em pacientes pós-AVC Introduction: Stroke is one most important cause of neuropsychological disorders. An initial cognitive assessment performed by telephone resulting in an early diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia, reducing costs and time. Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status Assessment (TICS-M) for assessment of dementia in post-stroke patients. Methods: Prior to validation of TICS-M in post-stroke patients, translation was performed for the Brazilian-Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation of the original version of TICS-M in a non-clinical sample of 30 subjects. After this phase, 61 stroke patients enrolled in the Stroke Mortality and Morbidity Study (The EMMA study) that occurs at the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo, were invited to participate in this sub-study to validate the TICS-M six months after the acute event. The TICS-M was applied in three moments: first evaluation (personal interview), one and two weeks after of the first evaluation. At the first evaluation, beyond the TICS-M, additional questionnaires were applied to assess cognition: MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), MMSE (Mini-Mental Status Examination), and for depression, HDRS (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). All questionnaires were administered by two trained interviewers for the study. Reliability of the TICS-M was tested by intra-observer rates using Pearson, Intraclass and Cronbach´s alpha coefficients. The internal characteristics of TICS-M were also evaluated by an exploratory analysis using Principal Component Analysis. The discrimination validity of the instrument to assess dementia was evaluated by comparison to the MMSE analysis of the area under the curve (AUC) determined by the ROC curve. Sensitivity and specificity for the ideal cutoff to assess dementia were calculated. Results: In general, the TICS-M translated into Portuguese version showed a good understanding of the items in non-clinical individuals. A frequency of 23% suggestive of post-stroke dementia was observed. The level of education was positively associated with dementia status assessed by MMSE. The depressive status, as well as, other baseline characteristics was not associated with dementia suggested by MMSE. Test-retest reliability intra-observer revealed almost total rates in the three evaluation moments (Pearson coefficient > 0.85, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient > 0.85 and Cronbach\'s alpha coefficient: 0.96). The factorial analysis determined three domains: working memory and attention, recent and recall memory and orientation. The area under the curve (AUC) determined by TICS-M compared to MMSE was 0.89 (95% confidence interval: 0.80-0.98). The cutoff suggested for TICS-M was equal or greater than 14 points (range 0-39 points) to assess dementia (91.5% sensitivity, 71.4 % specificity). Similar results were observed with the MoCA. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of TICSM suggests being a useful and reliable research instrument to evaluate dementia in poststroke patients in epidemiological studies

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Souza, Grasiela Gomide de. "Aten??o psicol?gica em universidade: a experi?ncia de estudantes como clientes." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2011. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/271.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Grasiela Gomide de Souza.pdf: 1072611 bytes, checksum: 27c7ea4c46defb33e4c301c7a4c0f2ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-16 Universidade Estadual Paulista J?lio de Mesquita Filho This research aimed to understand and interpret the experience of undergraduate students concerning psychological care that took place within the campus. This is a qualitative research based on phenomenology. There were thirteen participants - five men and eight women -, aging from 18 to 25 years old, coming from different academic courses. They received during the year of 2009, at least one of the following psychological treatments: time-limited psychotherapy and group therapy. The experience of the participants was gathered during individual interviews of dialogical nature. As a strategy for the analysis of the interviews, narratives were constructed by the researcher on the encounters in order to enable the emergence of the participants experienced meanings, based on the way she was affected in a phenomenological process. The results showed the possibilities and limits of psychological attention, when made available to students in the academic context: a) participants sought psychological help spontaneously, due to different kinds of problems, and found themselves experiencing self disclosure and the possibility of sharing their issues with different persons. This allowed them to discover new significance towards academic experiences. b) they perceived the onset of a moving personal process; c) they felt they were living a challenge in relation to a short time treatment experience, because for them there was not time enough for the psychological process to be accomplished, arising feelings of insecurity in relation to changes permanence; d) to them, the importance of psychological care was more related to the discovery of a new way of being and of developing relationships than to the scope or to the deepening of certain issues. That students' experience showed, convincingly, that the psychological attention available at the university has potentialized genuine impacts that produced an internal mobilization process, that brought about a greater personal autonomy Esta pesquisa buscou compreender e interpretar a experi?ncia de universit?rios em rela??o ao atendimento psicol?gico recebido no contexto da universidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de inspira??o fenomenol?gica. Dos treze participantes, cinco s?o homens e oito mulheres, com idades variando entre 18 e 25 anos, provenientes de cursos das v?rias ?reas do conhecimento e que receberam, durante o ano de 2009, pelo menos um dos seguintes tipos de atendimento psicol?gico: psicoterapia de tempo determinado e grupo terap?utico. A experi?ncia dos participantes foi apreendida pela pesquisadora durante entrevistas individuais de natureza dial?gica. Como estrat?gia para a an?lise das entrevistas, foram constru?das narrativas sobre os encontros que possibilitaram a emerg?ncia dos significados da experi?ncia vivida pelos participantes com base nas impress?es da pesquisadora, num movimento fenomenol?gico de constru??o de sentido. Os resultados evidenciaram possibilidades e limites da aten??o psicol?gica, quando disponibilizada a estudantes no contexto universit?rio: a) os participantes buscaram atendimento psicol?gico espontaneamente, em raz?o de diversos tipos de problemas, e vivenciaram a possibilidade de um encontro consigo mesmos e com outras pessoas que lhes permitiu desvelar novos significados em rela??o ?s experi?ncias universit?rias; b) perceberam o desencadeamento de um processo pessoal mobilizador; c) sentiram-se vivendo um desafio em rela??o a experi?ncia de um atendimento de curta dura??o, pois para eles n?o houve tempo suficiente para que o processo psicol?gico iniciado fosse finalizado, suscitando sentimentos de inseguran?a quanto ? perman?ncia das mudan?as; d) para os participantes, a import?ncia da aten??o psicol?gica relacionou-se mais ? descoberta de um novo modo de ser e de relacionar-se do que ? abrang?ncia ou o aprofundamento de determinadas quest?es. A experi?ncia dos estudantes evidenciou, de maneira contundente, que a aten??o psicol?gica disponibilizada na universidade potencializou encontros genu?nos desencadeadores de um processo de mobiliza??o interna no sentido de maior autonomia pessoal.

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Zini, Renato Luis. "Acolhimento como pr?tica psicol?gica no contexto de um Centro de Aten??o Psicossocial em ?lcool e Drogas." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2013. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/449.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RENATO LUIS ZINI.pdf: 1427658 bytes, checksum: 7c80a7801d1d0faac14eae07f351aaac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-05 This phenomenological research aimed to apprehend the experience of persons who have been attended in a Psychosocial Care Center on Alcohol and Drugs - CAPS - located in a medium size town in S?o Paulo state in the context of the practice of welcoming made effective by a psychologist. This practice has been regarded as one of the facilitator contrivance for the consolidation of the National Health Humanization Program, implemented by the Ministry of Health since 2004. Although, the act of welcoming is recommended as interdisciplinary and inserted into the routine of all professionals and services related to Brazilian Public Health, the purpose was to analyze it from the perspective of a humanistic oriented psychologist. This is a qualitative phenomenological research based on the encounters of the researcher and the participants on the context of a duty care routine service. Thirty-six adults of both sexes were interviewed including those who attended the service for the first time and those who returned to treatment after a period of neglect during the period of September 2011 and August 2012. From these thirty-six people, fifteen were selected to participate in the research. As a strategy for the analysis of the encounters with the participants, there were constructed written narratives that enabled the researcher to approach with elements of the experience of these people from his own impressions on meeting them in a dialogic relationship. The results showed significant elements that emerged from these clinical encounters: 1) self-image: the participants refer to themselves as people who can undertake changes in the way of living towards the physical and psychological health; feel hopeful about the possibility of recovery from treatment adherence; 2) relationship with the body: the experience revealed a split between the physical body and its symbolization leading them to neglect the information transmitted to them by service technicians as to be carriers of serious physical ailments and other health problems; 3 ) selfperception: they preserve the condition of narrating their own life story, relating facts and relevant events that impelled them to be in the present condition; 4) affective relationships: the beginning of the use of chemicals is associated with emotionally relevant people, but it is also, the decision to seek help to get rid of addiction, 5) suffering because of the manner they are living as a trigger for seeking professional help, 6) relationship with drugs consumption: independent of the substance(s) sed, most of the time, consumption was reported by participants as something that they had already stopped when they took the initiative to seek help from CAPS.Participants felt welcomed during the encounters due to the empathic attitude and acceptance of the psychologist. The practice of welcoming performed in this study regarded the well-known institutional practice of psychology on duty care as proposed by Brazilian psychologists as an intervention made effective by the means of some specific attitudes held by the psychologists in order to receive clients psychological emergency demand. Thus, it was possible to realize the importance of a dialogic relationship to engage an experiential process that provides the client with a rescue of his/her subjectivity. A pesquisa objetivou apreender fenomenologicamente a experi?ncia de pessoas atendidas em um Centro de Aten??o Psicossocial em ?lcool e Drogas, situado em um munic?pio do interior do estado de S?o Paulo, a partir da pr?tica de acolhimento efetivada por um psic?logo. Esta pr?tica tem sido considerada como um dos dispositivos facilitadores para a consolida??o do Programa Nacional de Humaniza??o em Sa?de, implementado a partir de 2004 pelo Minist?rio da Sa?de. Embora o ato do acolhimento seja preconizado como interdisciplinar e inserido na rotina de todos os profissionais e servi?os de sa?de p?blica brasileiros, procurou-se analis?-lo sob a perspectiva da pr?tica de um psic?logo de orienta??o humanista. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de inspira??o fenomenol?gica e o contexto escolhido para os encontros do pesquisador com os participantes foi o atendimento rotineiro de plant?o. Foram entrevistadas trinta e seis pessoas adultas de ambos os sexos que compareceram ao servi?o pela primeira vez ou retornaram ao tratamento ap?s um per?odo de abandono, entre os meses de setembro de 2011 e agosto de 2012. Destas, foram selecionadas quinze para participarem da pesquisa. Como estrat?gia para a an?lise dos encontros com os participantes foram constru?das narrativas que possibilitaram ao pesquisador uma aproxima??o com elementos da experi?ncia dessas pessoas a partir de suas pr?prias impress?es ao estar com elas numa rela??o dial?gica. Os resultados evidenciaram elementos significativos que emergiram dos atendimentos: 1) autoimagem: os participantes referem-se a si mesmos como pessoas capazes de empreender mudan?as na forma de viver em dire??o ? sa?de f?sica e psicol?gica; sentemse esperan?osos em rela??o ? possibilidade de recupera??o a partir da ades?o ao tratamento; 2) rela??o com o corpo: revelou-se a experi?ncia de uma cis?o entre o corpo f?sico e sua simboliza??o, levando-os a negligenciarem as informa??es que lhes eram transmitidas pelos t?cnicos do servi?o quanto a serem portadores de mol?stias f?sicas graves e outros agravos ? sa?de; 3) percep??o de si: preservam a condi??o de narrarem sua pr?pria hist?ria de vida, relacionando fatos e eventos relevantes que os impeliram a estar na condi??o atual; 4) rela??es afetivas: o in?cio do uso de subst?ncias qu?micas est? associado a pessoas afetivamente relevantes; da mesma forma em rela??o ? decis?o de procurar por ajuda para livrar-se da depend?ncia; 5) sofrimento face a maneira como se est? vivendo como elemento desencadeador da busca por ajuda profissional; 6) rela??o com o consumo de drogas: independente da(s) subst?ncia(s) usada(s), o consumo era referido pelos participantes na maioria das vezes como algo que j? haviam deixado, assim que tomaram a iniciativa de procurar pelo CAPS. Os participantes sentiram-se acolhidos durante os atendimentos em fun??o da postura emp?tica e aceitadora do psic?logo. Os atendimentos realizados assemelham-se ao plant?o psicol?gico como pr?tica de interven??o cl?nica em institui??es quanto ?s atitudes do plantonista e a sua forma de acolher a demanda do cliente. Foi poss?vel constatar a import?ncia de uma rela??o dial?gica para o desencadear de um processo experiencial que disponibiliza ao cliente um resgate de sua subjetividade.

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