Dissertations / Theses: 'Preventive measures to protect health'

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Sjödin, Fredrik. "Noise in the preschool : health and preventive measures." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Yrkes- och miljömedicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61442.

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This thesis is based on noise recordings and health evaluations carried out at preschools in the northern part of Sweden. Sound level recordings were made on individuals and by use of stationary devices in dining rooms and play halls. Health evaluations were based on ratings by use of questionnaires and by analyses of cortisol. The average equivalent individual noise exposure was 71 dB(A). The average equivalent noise levels in the dining room and playing halls were 64 dB(A). The hearing loss of the employees was significantly higher for the frequencies tested than in an unexposed control group. Symptoms of tinnitus were reported among 31% of the employees. Noise annoyance was rated as somewhat to very annoying, and the voices of the children were the most annoying noise source. The dB(A) level and fluctuations of the noise exposure were significantly correlated with the number of children per department. Stress and energy output were pronounced among the employees. About 30% of the staff experienced strong burnout syndromes. Mental recovery was low as indicated by noise fatigue and high levels of stress after work. Increased cortisol levels during work were associated with higher number of children present at the department. An essential finding of the thesis was that noise and noise sources may impair the pedagogic work, thereby increasing the work load of employees. It is concluded that noise exposure in the preschool, isolated or in combination with other stressors, plays a fundamental role in the building up of acute as well as long term stress. An intervention study implementing six acoustical and seven organizational measures was tested, aimed to improve the noise situation in the departments. Acoustical measures improved the noise situation as well as the rated noise experiences better than the organizational measures.
Avhandlingen baseras på ett samarbete med förskoleverksamheten inom Umeå kommun och har innefattat medverkan från 101 pedagoger i delstudie 1 och 24 pedagoger i en delstudie 2. Studie 1 som redovisas i tre delarbeten, I, II och III, har innefattat personburna och stationära bullermätningar i lekhallar och i matsalar. Påverkan på upplevelser samt hälsoeffekter av ljudmiljön har analyserats via frågeformulär och analyser av kortisol. Kontroll av hörselstatus har genomförts via audiometrisk screening. Studie 1 innefattar analys av bullrets effekter på såväl hörselrelaterad (Delarbete I) som stressrelaterad ohälsa (Delarbete II). Olika typer av åtgärder för att förbättra ljudmiljön och minska den bullerrelaterade ohälsan redovisas i delarbete III. Delarbete IV fokuserar på hur samverkan mellan buller och arbetsorganisation kan påverka den stressrelaterade ohälsan. Genomförda analyser av buller visar på förhållandevis likvärdiga bullerexponeringsnivåer förskolor och avdelningar emellan. Skillnaderna i exponeringsnivåer veckodagar emellan var små, skillnader mellan individer var däremot stora. Påtagliga skillnader i exponeringsnivåer förelåg som väntat under arbetsdagen. I synnerhet den personburna bulleranalysen pekade på en bullerexponering med påtagliga inslag av variation och transienter i exponeringen. Ljudmiljön karaktäriserades av medverkande pedagoger som den enskilt mest besvärande arbetsmiljöfaktorn. Barnens röster och ljud från deras aktiviteter klassificerades som de mest besvärande bullerkällorna. Personalen uppvisade sämre hörtrösklar för samtliga testade frekvenser jämfört med svensk ej bullerexponerad referenspopulation. De försämrade hörtrösklarna var relativt låga och föranledde inte i något fall remittering till hörselklinik. Prevalensen för tinnitus var 31 %, vilket motsvarar en överfrekvens på 15-20 %, jämfört med svenskt normalvärde. Ljudtrötthet efter arbetsdagens slut utgjorde ett uttalat symptom bland pedagogerna liksom försämrad sömnkvalitet och förhöjd sömnighet vid uppvaknande. Analyser av arbetsbelastning baserat på skattning och kortisolmätningar, indikerade höga energiuttag under arbete och inslag av utpräglad stress, och i flera fall utbrändhet. Signifikanta samband mellan upplevd dålig ljudmiljö, maskering av tal, försämrade förutsättningar för det pedagogiska arbetet och därmed ökad ohälsa kunde påvisas. Ljudmiljön, såväl nivåer som fluktuationer påverkades på ett uttalat sätt av antalet barn på avdelningen. Detta utgjorde också den enskilt viktigaste faktorn för att förbättra såväl ljudmiljön som den till ljudmiljön relaterade hälsan. Akustiska åtgärder visade sig genomgående mer framgångsrika för att förbättra ljudklimatet än organisatoriska åtgärder.

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Oreyomi, Olabosipo O. "Barriers to Utilization of Malaria Preventive Measures in Rural Nigeria Among Pregnant Women." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6468.

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Malaria is a mosquito transmitted tropical disease that accounts for more cases and deaths in Nigeria than in any other country worldwide. Globally malaria accounts for 300,000 deaths among young children and pregnant women annually. The promotion of the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) to reduce pregnant women's contact with mosquitoes has been the focus of malaria prevention efforts in Nigeria. However, the use of ITNs during pregnancy has been inexplicably low in Nigeria. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted to examine barriers to the utilization of ITNs among pregnant women in rural Nigeria. The social ecological model was utilized to analyze secondary data from a 2015 survey conducted in Nigeria in which 4,834 pregnant women between 15 to 49 years of age participated. The relationship between the use of ITNs and the knowledge of ITNs, traditional medicine, education, and family income was examined using multiple logistic regression modeling. Results showed that there was a significant relationship between the knowledge of ITN (p = 0.000), family income (p = 0.000), education of pregnant women (p = 0.000) and the use of ITN among pregnant women in rural Nigeria. However, there was no relationship between the use of traditional medicine (p = >0.5), and the use of ITN, perhaps because most of the women surveyed did not respond to the question about use of traditional medicine. Results of the study have important implications for positive social changes among pregnant women in Nigeria. These findings will inform strategies to increase the uptake of ITNs during pregnancy in Nigeria, improving birth outcomes, increasing maternal and child survival, and decreasing the economic burden due to malaria morbidity and mortality in rural Nigeria.

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Lindström, Mikaela. "Diabetes and hypertension care in Babati, Tanzania : Availability, efficiency and preventive measures." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24477.

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The purpose of this study is to examine how the health care system in Babati meets the increasing need for control, treatment and prevention of diabetes and hypertension. By defining what kind of specific problems and obstacles that exists in this area, the result of the research can contribute to creation and adoption of improved policies and interventions. Field studies were conducted in Babati, Tanzania for three weeks in February and March 2014. This is a qualitative study with data collected through semi-structured interviews with informants from different levels of the health system, based on the pyramidal structure of Tanzania's health care system. The theoretical framework for the study is based on aspects that corresponding to critical functions of health systems. The type of problem being treated affects the adoption and diffusion of new health interventions and the extent to which they are integrated into critical health systems functions. The study shows that diabetes and hypertension is an increasing problem in Babati. In relation to the burden, resources are lacking at all investigated levels. Therefore it is difficult to meet the increasing needs for diabetes and hypertension. To meet the future challenges, a number of cost effective strategies with focus to improve the prevention, control and reduce modifiable risk factors is suggested.
Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur hälso-och sjukvården i Babati möter det ökande behovet för kontroll, behandling och förebyggande åtgärder för diabetes och högt blodtryck. Genom att definiera vilka typer av specifika problem och hinder som finns, kan resultat från studien bidra till att skapandet och antagandet av förbättrade strategier och åtgärder. Fältstudier genomföres i Babati, Tanzania under tre veckor i februari och mars 2014. Detta är en kvalitativ studie med data insamlat genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med informanter från olika nivåer inom sjukvårdsystemet baserat på den pyramidala struktur Tanzanias sjukvårdssystem bygger på. Det teoretiska ramverket för studien baseras på aspekter som motsvarar kritiska funktioner för sjukvårdssystem. Antagandet och spridning av nya hälsointerventioner och i vilken mån de är integrerade i kritiska hälso- systemfunktioner påverkas av den typ av problem som behandlas. Studien visar att diabetes och högt blodtryck är ett ökande problem i Babati. I relation till hur sjukdomsbördan ser ut, saknas det resurser på samtliga undersökta nivåer. Därför är det svårt att möta de ökande behov som finns för att hantera diabetes och högt blodtryck. För att möta de framtida utmaningarna i Babati har ett antal kostnadseffektiva strategier med fokus att förbättra förebyggande, kontroll och minska påverkbara riskfaktorer föreslagits.

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Dutt, Sohini. "Perceptions of HIV risk and preventive measures among female students in Kolkata, India." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8532.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Geography
Bimal K. Paul
According to the UNAIDS (2008) estimated, in 2005, that about 2.4 million Indians were living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This makes India one of the most HIV vulnerable countries in Asia and thus this problem cannot be ignored. The main purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the awareness about HIV/AIDS preventive measures of female college students (in the 18 to 24 age group) in Kolkata, India, who were widely believed to be members of the low risk group. Specifically, the study measured the willingness to comply with HIV/AIDS preventive measures of the female college students. Few studies have investigated the perception, knowledge and opinions of female students regarding the effectiveness of HIV preventive measures, this study will add a new dimension to HIV/ AIDS literature. In order to assess the information available to the students an attempt has been made to examine the knowledge of the respondents concerning the modes of transmission of HIV and HIV prevention methods. The study also identified the significant sources of information that the respondents used to derive pertinent information enabling them to protect themselves from the virus. A host of variables (e.g. socio-economic and behavioral) have been studied in order to identify the factors influencing the willingness to comply with the preventive measures of these college students. From the results it was evident that religion, income and age play a role in influencing the students’ willingness to comply. This study has important public health implications because the information collected can be used to design HIV prevention interventions that can reduce HIV transmission in West Bengal and other states of India.

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Holder, Sharon M. "Health inequalities amongst older people from ethnic minority groups in Britain : 'sensitivity' of different SES measures." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/208223/.

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The United Kingdom (UK) ethnic population is ageing. However, there has been a dearth of research focussing on the ethnic diversity of the older population and the implications for health and health care needs. In fact ‘ageing’ and ‘ethnicity’ are rarely integrated within health research. According to the United Kingdom (UK) 2001 Census, there are over 4.6 million individuals belonging to minority ethnic groups, with a quarter million aged 50 years or over. The ageing of these communities over the next two decades places greater emphasis on the importance of empirical evidence on their health status and the policy implications for health and health care needs. This thesis contributes to our understanding of health, socio-economic status (SES), ethnicity and ageing. The research explores the ‘sensitivity’ of different measures and their appropriateness and validity in assessing health inequalities amongst ethnic minority groups in order to better understand health inequalities in later life. This is a critical issue with widespread policy implications. Using cross-sectional data from Health Survey for England (HSE), with a sample size of 5,086 men and women 50 years and older, different logistic regression models are run for the outcome variables general health and limiting long-standing illness in order to ascertain the ‘sensitivity’ of SES of the different measures of health amongst the different ethnic minority groups. The results suggest that older people from ethnic minority groups are more likely to report bad/very bad’ health compared with the White population. For example, amongst Black Africans the odds of reporting ‘bad/very bad’ health are 1.45 times the odds amongst Whites, amongst Pakistanis the equivalent odds are 1.69 times the odds amongst Whites, amongst Bangladeshi the odds are 2.34 times the odds of Whites, and amongst Chinese people the odds are 2.53 times the odds of Whites. There are distinct patterns in reporting ‘bad/very bad’ health and a LLSI amongst and between ethnic minority men and women aged 50 and over based on SES measures employed in the study. Additionally, behavioural risk factors, that is, smoking and alcohol consumption were significant predictors of reporting ‘bad/very bad’ health and LLSI. Health inequalities have important implications for policy, particularly for health and health care. The research findings would be useful in informing national policies (e.g. health promotion campaigns, housing, occupationally based services, culturally competent health care services) and locally based interventions (e.g. health campaigns for older men and women; health education) would be better targeted at ethnic minority groups of older men and women

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Nisa, Claudia F., Jocelyn J. Bélanger, Daiane G. Faller, Nicholas R. Buttrick, Jochen O. Mierau, Maura M. K. Austin, Birga M. Schumpe, et al. "Lives versus Livelihoods? Perceived economic risk has a stronger association with support for COVID-19 preventive measures than perceived health risk." Nature Research, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657340.

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This paper examines whether compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures is motivated by wanting to save lives or save the economy (or both), and which implications this carries to fight the pandemic. National representative samples were collected from 24 countries (N = 25,435). The main predictors were (1) perceived risk to contract coronavirus, (2) perceived risk to suffer economic losses due to coronavirus, and (3) their interaction effect. Individual and country-level variables were added as covariates in multilevel regression models. We examined compliance with various preventive health behaviors and support for strict containment policies. Results show that perceived economic risk consistently predicted mitigation behavior and policy support—and its effects were positive. Perceived health risk had mixed effects. Only two significant interactions between health and economic risk were identified—both positive.
New York University Abu Dhabi

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Wong, W. M. Wendy. "A survey of nurses' preventive measures and health status in relation to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36397052.

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Wong, W. M. Wendy, and 黃慧雯. "A survey of nurses' preventive measures and health status in relation to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45011941.

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Kartakoullis, Nicos Louca. "Fitness levels and exercise behaviour of Cypriots aged 25-34 as preventive measures for one of the risk factors associated with heart disease : implications for health promotion." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301047.

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Mikaitytė, Giedrė. "Žmonių, dirbančių aptarnavimo srityje, ergonominės aplinkos ir sveikatos problemų sąsajos bei profilaktinių priemonių taikymas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140717_152905-32666.

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Darbe atlikta teorinė visuomenės sveikatos, ergonomikos, sveikatos problemų ir profilaktinių priemonių taikymo teorinė analizė. Iškeltas tyrimo tikslas - atskleisti žmonių dirbančių aptarnavimo srityje ergonominės aplinkos ir sveikatos problemų sąsajas, nustatant individualiai naudojamas sveiktos stiprinimo profilaktines priemones. Tikslui pasiekti keliami tokie uždaviniai: 1. Remiantis mokslinės literatūros analizės pagrindu atskleisti ergonomikos sampratą ir jos įtaką sveikatos problemų atsiradimui. 2. Įvertinti su kokiomis sveikatos problemomis dažniausiai susiduria žmonės dirbantys aptarnavimo srityje, taikant anketinę apklausą. 3. Atskleisti darbuotojų sveikatos problemų priežastis ir jų šalinimo galimybes. 4. Pateikti rekomendacijas. Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas - ištirti ar asmenys dirbantys aptarnavimo srityje, dėl ergonominės aplinkos susiduria su sveikatos problemomis, bei kokias profilaktines priemones naudoja sveikatai stiprinti. Atlikta statistinė duomenų analizė. Tyrime dalyvavo 257 aptarnavimo srityje dirbantys asmenys. Atlikus tyrimą hipotezė pasitvirtino – darbo vietos ergonomika siejasi PC ,,Akropolis” darbuotojų sveikata. Tyrimo duomenys parodė, kad žmonės dirbantys aptarnavimo srityje nėra patenkinti savo sveikata. Daugiau negu pusė respondentų, net 65 proc. po darbo dienos jaučiasi pavargę. Daugiausiai respondentų susiduria su CNS problemomis (galvos, miego sutrikimais) ir judamojo aparato problemomis (nugaros ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Subject of the Paper: ,, Link between Ergonomic Environment and Health Problems in People Who Works in the Service Sector and Preventive Measures for the Application ,,. Work done in theoretical public health, ergonomics, health problems and the application of theoretical analysis of preventive measures. Raised in the investigation will reveal the people working in the service area-the ergonomic problems of the environment and health linkages, identifying an individual used to strengthen health preventive measures. To achieve that objective for the following challenges: 1. on the basis of the scientific literature on the basis of the analysis to reveal the concept of ergonomics and its influence on health problems from occurring. 2. Assess what health problems commonly faced by people working in the service area, in accordance with the questionnaire survey. 3. Uncover the causes of health problems and opportunities. 4. Submit recommendations. Questionnaire method of the survey was to study, with the objective to investigate whether persons working in the field of the environment for the service of the ergonomic facing health problems, as well as preventive measures to strengthen the health uses. Performed a statistical analysis of the data. The study involved 257 persons working in the service area. The study hypothesis was confirmed near the workplace ergonomics at Šiauliai Shoping Centre ,,Akropolis“ occupational health. Survey data showed that people working in the... [to full text]

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Mededovic, Sanela, and Stela Rozic. "Fetma och övervikt bland barn." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25104.

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Övervikt bland barn är ett utbrett folkhälsoproblem och att vara överviktig som barn är relaterat till övervikt också i vuxen ålder men även till följdsjukdomar. Syfte med denna litteratur studie var att erhålla kunskap om vad sjuksköterskor behöver kunna för att förebygga och minska fetma och övervikt hos barn. Granskning av elva vetenskapliga artiklar visade att sjuksköterskor bör ha kännedom av livsstils faktorerna som fysisk aktivitet, mat konsumtion och föräldrar rollen. Åtgärder så som patient undervisning, stödsamtal, motivation och empati torde vara omvårdnads åtgärdes som kan underlätta preventiv sjuksköterske arbete.
Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem strongly associated with adulthood obesity and related to adverse health consequences. The aim of our paper is to acquire deeper knowledge concerning obesity and overweight among the children. The aim is also to point out what knowledge about lifestyles related factors the nurse needs to know in order to prevent overweight and obesity among children and prevent that the overweight children become even more overweight. We examined eleven scientific articles. The results demonstrate that the nurse need knowledge concerning physical activity, food and regular meals, wholesome parents support are the most important lifestyle related factors which the nurse needs the knowledge about to prevent overweight and obesity among the children. The categories in nursing care actions are: teaching patients, support, motivation and empathy.

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Persson, Josefin. "Övervikt och fetma hos barn : En kvalitativ studie om hur olika yrkesprofessioner i Värmlands län arbetar inom området." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85589.

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Bakgrund: Fetma bland barn och ungdomar är ett av de allvarligaste folkhälsoproblemen under 2000 talet. Den globala förekomsten av fetma hos barn har ökat anmärkningsvärt de senaste decennierna, och under de sista 30 åren har förekomsten dubblerats. Samhällets utveckling, livsstil och levnadsvanor, det genetiska arvet och socioekonomisk bakgrund är faktorer som visar samband med övervikt och fetma hos barn. Statistik och forskning visar att tidiga insatser är mest effektiva mot övervikt och fetma hos barn. Barnhälsovården (BVC), skolan och tandvården är arenor som möter alla barn och därför viktiga i det förebyggande och hälsofrämjande arbetet, för att utvecklingen av övervikt och fetma hos barn ska bromsas. Hur de olika yrkesprofessionerna arbetar med frågan i Värmland är dock mindre känt och behöver synliggöras samt undersökas vidare. Syftet: Var att undersöka hur olika yrkesprofessioner i Värmlands län arbetar med övervikt och fetma hos barn. Metod: En kvalitativ metod valdes och sex yrkesprofessioner som hade olika anställningar kopplade till arbetet med övervikt och fetma hos barn i Värmlands län intervjuades. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades, därefter genomfördes analysen med meningskoncentrering. Resultat: Analysen av intervjumaterialet resulterade i två teman: ”Folkhälsoarenor som möter barn” samt ”Pågående arbete och förebyggande insatser” med tillhörande underteman. De olika teman som framkom från analysen, påvisar bland annat hur, samt på olika sätt arbetet med övervikt och fetma hos barn i Värmland genomförs. Av resultatet framkom bland annat att kommuner behöver tydligare riktlinjer i arbetet med övervikt och fetma eftersom arbetet bedrivs på olika sätt men att resurser och ekonomiska medel är avgörande faktorer. Vidare framkom även att det fanns indikationer på att övervikt och fetma kunde kopplas samman med skam och skuld, inte minst eftersom barn med övervikt och fetma ofta har föräldrar med liknande problematik, vilket behövde förebyggas än mer framgent genom att uppmärksamma området och sprida kunskap om det. Slutsats: BVC, skolan och tandvården var betydelsefulla arenor i arbetet med övervikt och fetma hos barn, eftersom de träffade alla barn och barnens föräldrar. Det förebyggande arbetet ansågs viktigt eftersom tidiga insatser upplevdes ge mest effekt i arbetet med övervikt och fetma hos barn. Det framkom vidare att det behövde satsas mer på området och att samhället som helhet behövde involveras i en större grad. Utifrån ett folkhälsoperspektiv behövs fler studier för att folkhälsan hos hela befolkningen ska bli bättre, samt för att minska ojämlikheten.
Background: Obesity among children and adolescents is one of the most serious public health problems in the 2000s. The global prevalence of childhood obesity has increased remarkably in recent decades and has doubled in the last 30 years. The development of society, lifestyle and lifestyle, the genetic heritage and socio-economic background are factors that show an association with overweight and obesity in children. Statistics and research show that early intervention is most effective against overweight and obesity in children. Child health care (BVC), school and dental care are arenas that meet all children and are therefore important in the preventive and health-promoting work to slow down the development of overweight and obesity in children. How the various professions work with the issue in Värmland is, however, less known and needs to be made visible and further investigated. Aim: Where to investigate how different professions in Värmland County work with overweight and obesity in children. Method: A qualitative method was chosen and six professions that had different employments linked to the work with overweight and obesity in children in Värmland County were interviewed. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, then the analysis was performed with concentration of opinion. Result: The analysis of the interview material resulted in two themes: "Public health arenas that meet children" and "Ongoing work and preventive measures" with associated sub-themes. The various themes that emerged from the analysis show, among other things, how, and in different ways, the work with overweight and obesity in children in Värmland is carried out. The results showed, among other things, that municipalities need clearer guidelines in the work with overweight and obesity because the work is conducted in different ways, but that resources and financial resources are decisive factors. Furthermore, it also emerged that there were indications that overweight and obesity could be linked to shame and guilt, not least because overweight and obese children often have parents with similar problems, which needed to be prevented even more in the future by paying attention to the area and spreading knowledge about it. Conclusion: BVC, the school and the dental care were considered important arenas in the work, as they met all the children and the children's parents. The preventive work was considered important because early interventions were perceived to have the most effect in the work with overweight and obesity in children. It also emerged that more needed to be invested in the area and that society needed to be involved to a greater degree. From a public health perspective, more studies are needed to improve the public health of the entire population, and to reduce inequality.

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Ilonze, Chinyere Charity. "Knowledge and practice of live bird sellers on health risks and preventive measure of Avian Influenza in an urban community of Lagos state, Nigeria." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1395_1299233761.

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Avian Influenza (AI) is a contagious viral zoonotic disease with great public health implications and negative socioeconomic impact (WHO, 2006a). The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection is transmitted from birds to man mostly through contact with contaminated poultry and objects (INFOSAN, 2005), hence people who come in contact with birds such as live bird sellers (LBS) are the more vulnerable population (WHO, 2006a). Inadequate knowledge of AI health risks and poor practice of AI preventive measures amongst LBS increases the risk of spread of the infection in both humans and animals.The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the knowledge and practice of LBS with regards to avian influenza health risks and preventive activities in Agege, an urban area in Lagos State, Nigeria.

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Hillhouse, Joel J., Robert Turrisi, James Jaccard, and June K. Robinson. "Accuracy of Self-Reported Sun Exposure and Sun Protection Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/33.

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The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of self-reported skin cancer risk outcome measures proposed as standards by prevention experts to aggregated estimates of behavior from weekly diaries. Weekly electronic diaries of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) behaviors, initially validated by comparison with daily electronic diaries, were used to assess the accuracy of commonly used end-of-summer self-reported measures among 250 adults. Results revealed low biases, and good correspondence between simple open-ended self-reported estimates of days outside, hours outside, sunbathing days and hours, and days outside when not protected by either sunscreen, long-sleeved shirts, hats, or shade. Rating scale measures commonly used in the current literature and those recently recommended as standards by a workshop of experts showed evidence of being non-interval and lacking precision for more frequent behavior (e.g., >1 h sun exposure daily). These data indicated that open-ended frequency self-reports of skin cancer risk behaviors that follow procedures designed to increase accuracy were reliable over a summer-long period.

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Gullberg, Louise, and Shilan Mohammed. "Gravida kvinnors kunskap om kostvanor, munvård och karies hos barn under 3 år." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-14018.

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För en god uppväxt är barnets hälsa av stor betydelse och den orala hälsan är en del av den allmänna hälsan. Syftet med studien var att undersöka gravida kvinnors kunskap om kostvanor, munvård och karies hos barn under tre år. Metoden var kvantitativ och har genomförts med en enkät. Undersökningsgruppen var gravida kvinnor och enkäten har distribuerats till dessa via barnmorskor. Resultatet har analyserats deskriptivt och baseras på 243 besvarade enkäter. Data visar att 10 % av de gravida kvinnorna svarade att färskpressad fruktjuice lämpligast bör ges mellan måltiderna. Av respondenterna svarade 93 % att tänderna bör borstas två gånger dagligen. På frågan ifall en mjölktand är känsligare än en vuxentand för karies svarade sammanlagt 60 % felaktigt nej eller vet inte. Slutsatsen tyder på att gravida kvinnor har hög kunskap kring munvård för barn under tre år, men kunskapen om kostvanor och karies är lägre.
General health is crucial in upbringing a child. Good oral health is an essential part of good general health. The aim of this study was to evaluate pregnant women's knowledge about nutrition, oral hygiene and caries in children under three years. A quantitative method was used with questionnaire. The study was carried on pregnant women and the questionnaires were distributed by midwives. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed based on 243 responses. The result indicates that 10 % of the pregnant women replied that freshly squeezed juice should preferably be given between meals. Of the respondents, 93 % responded that the teeth should be brushed twice a day. When asked if a baby tooth is more susceptible to caries than an adult tooth for caries 60% responded incorrectly no, or do not know. The conclusion suggests that pregnant women’s knowledge of oral care in children under three years is good, but knowledge with regard to diet and caries is lower.

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Habibi, Ehsanollah. "A safety analysis of industrial accidents : accident records of major coal producing countries are analysed to obtain fatal and non-fatal accident rates : significant factors influencing these rates are identified with efficacy of preventive measures." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4229.

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A comprehensive study of accident records which have occured in Coal Mining Industries of Europe and U. S. A are analysed. The intention of the research was to establish relationships between the various accidents and prevention methods adopted by each country are evaluated and to assess the impact of industrial legislation in these various countries on accident rate are examined. The study analyses in paricular the fatal accident rate, and major and minor rate. The Major health hazards associated with coal mining are described in detail and discusses together with the Measurement of safety performance and its application in the Safety field. The study also examines the role of human factors in accidents also includes a summaries of fatal and major injury rates for 46 countries. Arising from the research a number of recommendations for improving safety are requires further research are indentified.

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Rydgren, Madeleine, and Emma Svensson. "Operationsteamets omvårdnadsåtgärder för att förebygga hypotermi : En observationsstudie med kvantitativ ansats." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85432.

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Introduktion: Hypotermi innebär att patientens kärntemperatur är under 36 grader. Alla patienter riskerar att bli hypoterma vid kirurgiska ingrepp om inga förebyggande åtgärder utförs. Det går att förebygga hypotermi med antingen värmetillförande åtgärder eller genom att bibehålla patientens normala temperatur. Hypotermi kan leda till komplikationer för patienten så som sämre sårläkning, postoperativa sårinfektioner, ökad risk för trycksår, hjärtproblem och ökad blödningsbenägenhet. Trots att studier har visat på kunskap om ämnet är hypotermi vanligt förekommande vid kirurgiska ingrepp. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka i vilken utsträckning omvårdnadsåtgärder utfördes av operationsteamet för att förebygga hypotermi intraoperativt. Metod: Studien var en kvantitativ strukturerad observationsstudie. Data samlades in under 43 operationer på två sjukhus i södra Sverige. Observationerna utgick från ett protokoll som skapades utefter AORN (Association of perioperative registered nurses) och NICE:s (National institute for health och care excellence) riktlinjer och innehöll 12 förebyggande omvårdnadsåtgärder för att förhindra hypotermi. Resultat: Samtliga patienter fick varma täcken och varma intravenösa vätskor. All personal följde WHO:s checklista och majoriteten undvek att exponera patienten i onödan. Omvårdnadsåtgärder som inte utfördes lika frekvent var varmluftstäcke, varma spolvätskor, fot och benvärmare samt temperaturmätning på patienten. Aluminiumtäcke, värmemadrass, värmemössa och varm huddesinfektion användes aldrig. På de patienter som en temperatur togs på hade omvårdnadsåtgärderna en god effekt då majoriteten av patienterna inte längre var hypoterma i slutet av den intraoperativa fasen. Slutsats: Operationsteamet använde sig alltid av förebyggande omvårdnadsåtgärd för att förhindra hypotermi, några i högre utsträckning än andra. Några patienter var fortfarande hypoterma i slutet av den intraoperativa fasen vilken kan tyda på att en förbättring skulle kunna ske på de omvårdnadsåtgärder som inte användes lika frekvent.
Introduction: The definition of hypothermia is when the patients core temperature is below 36 degrees. All the patients have an increased risk of becoming hypothermic during surgical procedures if no preventive measures are taken. Hypothermia is preventable with either heat inducing measures or by maintaining the patient’s normal temperature. Hypothermia can lead to complications for the patients such as impaired wound healing, Increased risk of postoperative wound infection, increased risk of bedsores, heart conditions and increased tendency to bleed. Although studies have shown knowledge of this topic hypothermia is a common occurrence in surgical procedures. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate in which extension nursing measures were used by the operations team to prevent hypothermia intraoperatively. Method: The study was a quantitative structured observational study. Data was collected during 43 operations at two hospitals in southern Sweden. The observations followed a protocol that was created along AORN (Association of perioperative registered nurses) and NICE: s (National institute for health and care excellence) recommendations and contained 12 nursing measures to prevent hypothermia. Result: All the patients received warm blankets and warm intravenous fluids. All the operating staff used the WHO: s checklist and the majority avoided unnecessary patient exposure. The nursing measures that were used less frequently were warm air blankets, feet-and leg warmers and temperature measurement on the patient. Aluminum blankets, heating mattress, heat caps and warm skin antisepsis were never used. On the patients of whom a temperature was taken, the nursing measures had a good effect since the majority of the patients were no longer hypothermic at the end of the intraoperative phase. Conclusion: The operation team always used care measures to prevent hypothermia, some to a greater extent than others. Some patients were still hypothermic at the end of the intraoperative phase, which may indicate that an improvement could occur in the nursing measures that weren’t used as frequently.

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Björk, Matilda, and Anna Björklund. "Vad görs för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos unga? : En kvalitativ studie om yrkesverksammas erfarenheter och tankar om insatser mot psykisk ohälsa." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-32541.

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De ungas psykiska ohälsa är ett allt ökande problem, vilket är något som måste stoppas. Syftet med studien var att undersöka yrkesverksammas upplevelser och erfarenheter av förebyggande insatser mot psykisk ohälsa för unga. Vi genomförde en kvalitativ studie där vi intervjuade sex yrkesverksamma personer som arbetar med unga i olika sammanhang. Den insamlade datan har analyserats med en tematisk analys. Resultatet av studien visar att yrkesverksamma arbetar väldigt mycket i sitt dagliga arbete med förebyggande insatser. Det framkommer även att det saknas forskning kring ämnet, särskilt evidensbaserad. Studien visar att den psykiska ohälsan enligt yrkesverksamma delvis uppfattas som en konsekvens av det förändrade samhället. Vår uppfattning är att det behövs mer forskning gällande ämnet och mer arbetsmetoder som yrkesverksamma kan använda sig av.
The mental ill-health of young people is a growing problem, which is something that must be stopped. The aim of this study was to show the perceptions and experiences of professionals about treatment against mental ill-health for young people. We conducted a qualitative study in which we interviewed six professionals who work with young people in different contexts in the community. The collected data has been analyzed with a thematic analysis. The results of this study showed that professionals work very much in their daily work with preventative efforts. There is short of research on the subject, especially evidencebased. The study's results showed that mental ill-health is a problem that is partly a consequence of the changing society we live in today. Our opinion is that more research is needed on the subject and more working methods that professionals can use.

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Almeida, Gilmara Celli Maia de. "Atividades preventivas realizadas pelos cirurgi?es-dentistas do PSF de Natal-RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17083.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:31:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilmaraCMA.pdf: 1532756 bytes, checksum: 7b1eca940a792c6e0e411e7db831881d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-22
Family Health Program (FHP) presents itself as a restructured model on basic cares besides having prevention practices and promotion in health as essential parts. According to that, the purpose of this study is to perceive which prevention practices in oral health are accomplished by the dentists from the FHP of Natal-RN as well as the way they have been developed, the knowledge basis to execute the procedure and the use of evaluation instruments by the dentists and by the Oral Health Co-Ordinator. A list of dentists participating on the FHP of Natal in March, 2006 (n= 91) was obtained so it was possible to formulate a structured interview. After excluding those with less than six months attending to the program, and considering the loss, eighty dentists got to be interviewed. It had questions about individual and group preventive procedures, sources of basement to develop the activities and to verify the impact and evaluation instruments. Besides that, an interview was made with the Oral Health Co-Ordinator about the evaluating process and the existence of a protocol as well as about document analysis in the Ambulatory Informations System Unique Health System (AIS-UHS), Information of Basic Care System and Pact of Recorder. The main individual activities consist on Oral Hygiene Orientation (87,5%) and Fluoridization (95%). Group activities remain at scholar groups acts(91,25%) being fluoridization done by 91,25% and educative activities by 86,25% mainly through speeches (61,25%).Orientations about oral cancer were detached on the aged group (39,96%)and hypertensive and diabetic group (19,51%), as well as integration with the health team was respectively 21,93% and 39,02%. Speeches and talk rounds are the main activities for aged, hypertensive and diabetics, and are also expressive to pregnant women. For pregnant women and babies group predominate hygiene and diet orientation. About the evaluation instruments 73,75% of the dentists do not consider their existence, despite 73,75% consider that actions have impact specially due to a increase of hygiene and decrease of caries index on the children. The main sources of basement are clinical experience (42,5%) and preparative courses (33,75%), only 7,5% mentioned population need and local reality. The Oral Health Co-Ordinator related the Attention Pact Recorder and records from the AIS - UHS as evaluation source but also detached the lack of epidemiologic surveying. She mentioned the increase of supervised brushing as a positive result and detached the hardness of the professional to act inside the family and as a team. The AIS-UHS records showed that fluoridization is more used individually and the supervised brushing is predominant as a group action, besides that educative activities at the Health Establishment predominate due to actions at the community. Facing the results, it was verified the act in different groups, special attention given to scholars, as well as focus the activities on caries giving less emphasis to other oral problems. Despite that, there was no epidemiologic instruments or data of the local reality to guide the actions and to be part of the planning and evaluation process
O Programa Sa?de da Fam?lia (PSF) apresenta-se como modelo reestruturador na aten??o b?sica, e as pr?ticas de preven??o e promo??o em sa?de s?o partes integrantes nesse contexto. Neste sentido, objetivou-se conhecer as pr?ticas preventivas em sa?de bucal realizadas pelos dentistas do PSF do munic?pio de Natal-RN, assim como de que forma s?o desenvolvidas, as bases de conhecimento norteadoras das condutas e a utiliza??o de instrumentos de avalia??o pelos dentistas e pela Coordenadora de Sa?de Bucal. Para tanto, obteve-se uma lista dos dentistas inseridos no PSF de Natal em mar?o de 2006 (n=91) para realiza??o de uma entrevista estruturada. Ap?s excluir aqueles com menos de seis meses de PSF e considerar a perda, entrevistou-se 80 dentistas. A entrevista continha quest?es sobre procedimentos preventivos em ?mbito individual e coletivo, fontes de embasamento para desenvolvimento das atividades e verifica??o do impacto e instrumentos de avalia??o. Al?m disso, realizou-se uma entrevista com a Coordenadora de Sa?de Bucal sobre o processo avaliativo e a exist?ncia de protocolo, assim como an?lise documental no SIA-SUS (Sistema de Informa??es Ambulatoriais do SUS), SIAB (Sistema de Informa??o de Aten??o B?sica) e Pacto de Indicadores. As atividades principais em ?mbito individual foram a Orienta??o de Higiene Bucal (87,5%) e Aplica??o T?pica de Fl?or (ATF) com 95%.Em ?mbito coletivo prevaleceu atua??o a grupos de escolares (91,25%), sendo a ATF realizada pelos 91,25% e as atividades educativas por 86,25%, principalmente atrav?s de palestras (61,25%).Orienta??es sobre c?ncer de boca foram destacadas no grupo de idosos (39,96%) e hipertensos e diab?ticos (19,51%), assim como integra??o com a equipe de sa?de que foi respectivamente de 21,93% e 39,02%. As palestras e rodas de conversa foram as principais atividades para idosos, hipertensos e diab?ticos, e tamb?m foram expressivas ?s gestantes. No grupo de gestantes e beb?s predominou orienta??o de higiene e dieta. No que concerne a instrumentos de avalia??o, 73,75% dos dentistas relataram n?o existir. Apesar disso 73,75% consideraram que as a??es t?m impacto, principalmente devido melhor higiene e redu??o no ?ndice de c?rie de crian?as. As principais fontes de embasamento s?o a experi?ncia cl?nica (42,5%) e cursos de capacita??o (33,75%), sendo a necessidade da popula??o e realidade local citada por apenas 7,5%. A Coordenadora de Sa?de Bucal relacionou os Indicadores do Pacto de Aten??o e registros do SIA-SUS como fonte de avalia??o, mas destacou a aus?ncia de levantamento epidemiol?gico. Relatou o aumento de escova??o supervisionada como resultado positivo, e destacou a dificuldade do profissional de atuar na fam?lia e em equipe. Os registros do SIASUS demonstraram que individualmente utiliza-se predominantemente ATF gel e em ?mbito coletivo a escova??o supervisionada, al?m de observar que atividades educativas no Estabelecimento de Sa?de predominam em detrimento a a??es na Comunidade. Diante dos resultados, verificou-se atua??o em diferentes grupos, mas com maior aten??o a escolares, assim como direcionamento das atividades ? c?rie dent?ria, existindo pouca ?nfase a outros problemas bucais. Al?m disso, n?o existem instrumentos epidemiol?gicos ou dados da realidade local para norteamento das condutas e como parte do processo de planejamento e avalia??o

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Axelsson, Per. "Höstens spöke : de svenska polioepidemiernas historia." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Historiska studier, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-199.

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Polio epidemics appeared in Sweden in 1881 and at the turn of the 20th century the disease became an annual feature in the epidemiological pattern. Due to vaccination starting in 1957 epidemics ceased to exist in Sweden around 1965. This thesis deals with the history polio epidemics in Sweden, 1880-1965 and studies the demographical influence of polio, how the medical authorities investigated and tried to combat it, and the care of those who contracted the disease. A study of polio mortality and incidence in Sweden at the national level during 1905-1962 reveals that the disease caused 6,000 deaths out of the 51,000 cases reported. At the beginning of the 20th century polio primarily attacked children up to 10 years of age. At the end of the period victims were represented in all age groups, but mainly in the ages 15-39. Moreover, a regional incidence study shows considerable regional differences. Sweden and the USA developed different ways of investigating and explaining the causes of polio thinking that led to diverse preventive measures. Moreover, in the 1950’s Sweden developed its own vaccine, different in choice of methods and materials from the widely used Salk-vaccine. When polio was classified as an epidemic in 1905, those infected by polio were usually taken to an isolation hospital. These hospitals were owned and financed by the state. The aftercare of polio victims was organized by philanthropist organizations. Polio was associated with dirt and unhygienic circumstances until the 1950’s when the theory of polio epidemics as a backlash of good hygiene and sanitary standards was established. The theory is built upon the correlation between neonatal mortality and polio incidence. However, correlation analysis at the regional level reveals no significant relationship between these variables. In Sweden, the hygienic movement had been very influential, and this study suggests that the theory quickly was accepted, because it explained why Sweden could be hit by epidemics and still be considered a welfare state with good hygienic and sanitary standards.
digitalisering@umu

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Nilsson, Josefine. "Veteransoldatutredningen : en granskning av dess förslag till förbättring i frågan om psykisk ohälsa." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-150.

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14 juni 2007 beslutade regeringen att tillkalla en särskild utredare med uppdrag att utforma förslag till en svensk veteranpolitik, som skulle innefatta ansvaret för personalen före, under och efter internationella militära insatser. Utredningen, som tog namnet Veteransoldatutredningen, lämnade i oktober 2008 sitt slutbetänkande. Syftet med denna uppsats var att kritiskt granska utredningens förslag till förbättring i frågan om psykologisk ohälsa, stressprevention, inför insats och med utgångspunkt i litteraturen försöka förutsäga om förslaget skulle komma att ge effekt

Metodvalen i denna uppsats har utgjorts av kvalitativ textanalys samt deskription. Tyngdpunkten i essän ligger i att definiera stressreaktioner samt åtgärder för stressprevention. Därefter följer analysen för att kunna se om det finns en förankring i aktuell forskning, och mot slutet granskas om förslagen kommer att ge effekt.

I uppsatsen söktes svar på följande frågeställningar:

- Finns det en förankring i förslagen från Veteransoldatutredningen i aktuell forskning med inriktning på preventiva åtgärder?

- Är det rimligt att anta att med stöd av aktuell forskning att förslagen kan förebygga psykisk ohälsa efter internationell insats?

De viktigaste slutsatserna som har dragits från denna studie är:

Förslagen från veteransoldatutredningen finns till del förankrade i aktuell litteratur. De förslag som väntas kunna förebygga psykisk ohälsa efter internationell insats är som följer.

- En förbättrad och mer effektiv rekrytering genom större personlig kontakt medger en noggrannare rekrytering som gör att man får rätt människor, på rätt plats med godkända vitsord samt psykisk lämplighet och detta minskar i sin tur risken för stressreaktioner.

- Utökad och bättre information till allmänheten från den politiska ledningen och från Försvarsmakten om missioner minskar förhoppningsvis samhällets opposition genom att öka förståelsen för Försvarsmakten och dess uppgifter. Detta nedbringar i sin tur den kumulativa stress i soldatens vardag p g a externa stressorer från samhälle och media.

- Ytterligare utbildning i mänskliga rättigheter och krigets lagar bidrar till att skapa trygghet i vad soldater får - och inte får - göra. Genom dylik utbildning kan frustrationen, som uppstår då soldaterna inte vet hur de skall hantera specifika situationer, minskas.

This essay - Veteransoldatutredningen – a review of its proposals for improving the matter of mental ill-health – is written by cadet Josefine Nilsson. The aim is to study the Veteransoldatutredning’s suggestions for improvement when it comes to e.g. stress prevention and psychological ill-health ahead on an international mission.

The methods used are description and trial of a hypothesis. Through a study of the immediate literature and by analyzing the proposals, my conclusions are that an improved and more efficient recruitment allows for a more accurate recruitment; increased and better information to the public from the political body and from the Armed Forces will reduce external stress that the soldiers sometime feel, and also that additional education in human rights and the law of war contributes to create a security in what the soldiers can, and can not do.

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SEDLÁČKOVÁ, Lucie. "Dřevozpracující průmysl v Jihočeském kraji - různorodost v hodnocení rizik." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-395349.

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In my diploma thesis I deal with the issue of the working environment in the woodworking industry and the diversity of the associated risks, such as noise, dust, vibrations, chemicals, physical load and working position. This issue is current due to the rise of custom joinery. Demand also rises for the quality hard wood and its products, so part of my work deals with this issue as well. I find problematic the variability of the work environment related to measurable environmental parameters. The theoretical part will be based on literature and legislation related to this issue. The areas related to wood-processing operations will be detailed. This issue is handled mainly in relation to the hygiene of work and occupational medicine. Therefore the legislation and terminology, on which the practical part is based, devote a considerable part of the theoretical part. Three companies operating in Southern Bohemia were deliberately selected for research. The practical part is based on the measurement protocols of the individual working environment factors. I obtained the results using secondary analysis of data from measurement protocols of individual factors, professional literature, decrees, government regulations and laws. Two objectives and three research questions have been set for research. Objective 1: The work will identify risk factors for the work of woodworkers. Objective 2: The work will evaluate proposals for employers' precautions to protect the health of workers in individual woodworking plants. V1: Are there significant differences in the occurrence of risk factors in woodworking with regard to the way wood and its products are processed? V2: Are there significant differences in the precautions for the health protection in wood production according to the way of processing of wood and its products? V3: How does hardwood dust affect woodworking technology and health protection precautions? The first objective was chosen for the factual description of the working environment of individual companies, as the individual operations differ significantly from the occurring risk factors and their risk. The second objective was chosen with regard to the importance of properly chosen health protection precautions. Failure to comply with the employer's obligations linked to the protection of workers' health may result in serious and permanent damage to health. The importance of appropriately chosen precautions results from the final part of my work.

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Yi-Hung, Liu. "Study on Preventive Measures of Occupational Health: From Classical to Modern Issues." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2207200521170000.

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Liu, Yi-Hung, and 劉益宏. "Study on Preventive Measures of Occupational Health: From Classical to Modern Issues." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52647659526797177406.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
職業醫學與工業衛生研究所
93
The thesis demonstrates that studies of occupational health practice should deal with different issues of occupational health, ranging from occupational disease prevention and epidemiology study, to workplace health promotion, health management and health policy implementation. There are three studies included in the thesis: the increased morbidity from nasopharyngeal carcinoma among workers of a newspaper printing company, the effectiveness of workplace influenza vaccination program and the determinants of employee turnover in a high tech company. Occupational health professionals should identify occupational health problems and health needs of each workplace and conduct studies before proposing recommendations or preventive measures. Recommendations of occupational health intervention should be based on the result of occupational health studies or finding from hazard assessment. Demonstrating the effectiveness of each intervention is as important as conducting occupational health programs. It is also important to integrate with occupational health and safety and human resources management to propose health policy to improve workers’ satisfaction. The study is expected to demonstrate the benefit of the studies of occupational health practice. These benefits might include reducing the incidence of occupational diseases and injuries, control of sickness absence and reducing employee turnover. The result also supports that health consultation and psychological counseling to assist employees dealing with work life issues should contribute to employees’ physical and mental well-being and quality of work life.

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Didion, Judy Ann. "Adolescent males involvement in pregnancy prevention deliberate action to protect future goals /." 2007. http://etd1.library.duq.edu/theses/available/etd-11112007-232012/unrestricted/DidionDissertation.pdf.

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Almeida, Catarina Cardoso de. "Nosocomial sepsis: evaluation of the efficacy of preventive measures in a level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/89610.

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Almeida, Catarina Cardoso de. "Nosocomial sepsis: evaluation of the efficacy of preventive measures in a level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/89610.

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Dihno, Anastazia Emil. "Measures taken by parents to prevent malaria." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2938.

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A quantitative, explorative, descriptive contextual study was conducted to determine to what extent the malaria control measures proposed by the Tanzanian government had been implemented by parents of children between the ages 0-5 years who lived in Bukumbi village. Structured interviews were conducted with 40 parents of children who had been admitted for malaria treatment during 2007, and the data analysed by computer. Although respondents had a basic knowledge of preventive measures they did not implement actions preventing the anopheles mosquitoes’ breeding in this tropical area. The vicious cycle of poverty, malaria episodes and lack of proper malaria health education hampered the implementation of control measures such as the spraying of houses with insecticides. Although the government of Tanzania subsidises insecticide treated bed nets the respondents did not maintain these nets and did not renew the insecticide treatment of these nets. The incidence of malaria is unlikely to decline in the Bukumbi village unless all identified factors are addressed.
Health Studies
M.A.

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HANKOVÁ, Hana. "Informovanost vysokoškolské mládeže o zdravotních rizicích spojených s pobytem v zahraničí, znalosti a využívání možností prevence." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-138024.

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The topic of my thesis is foreign travel issues. Its purpose is to survey the awareness of students of the University of South Bohemia about travel risks, while mapping the knowledge and use of available preventive measures. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I try to describe in a well arranged way the available knowledge about health risks associated with traveling, including the various forms of prevention. The aim of the practical part is to analyze the obtained data and to determine the awareness of university students about the risks associated with traveling. The survey is based on the methods of prevalence studies conducted using an anonymous questionnaire survey. In total, 652 students of the University of South Bohemia were addressed, the number of returns was 460 questionnaires. In relation to the objectives two hypotheses were proposed. H1: The awareness of students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies about the health risks associated with a stay abroad is significantly higher than that of students of other faculties of the University of South Bohemia. H2: Statistically, the most important source of information on the knowledge and use of possible prevention measures is the Internet. These hypotheses were statistically evaluated and on the basis of the obtained results they were confirmed or refuted. The research results show that the most informed about the presented issues are students of the Faculty of Science. This fact was later explained by a number of exotic destinations visited during the last stay abroad, as well as a wide offer of the Faculty of globally-oriented practical training and research fellowships, in connection with which the students inform themselves about possible travel risks. Statistically, most of the surveyed students use the Internet to get information. This research became the basis for targeted focus of health education on minimizing health risks when traveling abroad. The real outcome of the thesis is an information poster which will be distributed to individual faculties of the University of South Bohemia.

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Cartaxo, João Pedro Veiga. "Monitorização e melhoria contínua das condições de saúde e segurança num armazém." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/30785.

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O atual mercado globalizado e competitivo pressiona cada vez mais as organizações a encontrarem novas formas de progredir e de se manterem no topo. Como consequência do processo de otimização de espaços físicos como um armazém são, por vezes, deixados de parte os aspetos relativos à saúde e segurança durante a sua utilização. O caso de estudo da presente dissertação é o armazém da fábrica no Seixal da Delphi Technologies, tendo como objetivo geral analisar as condições de saúde e segurança nas atividades de armazenagem, encontrando formas de mitigar o risco. Após a caracterização do armazém, foi realizada a identificação de perigos e avaliação de riscos através da metodologia MARAT, com recurso à observação direta das tarefas realizadas e à análise de alertas de segurança comunicados durante o ano de 2018. Esta avaliação teve como objetivo verificar se existem riscos não contemplados ou indevidamente valorizados, na metodologia FMEA utilizada internamente. Como resultado, os riscos mais significativos identificados são aqueles referentes a atividades de movimentação manual e mecânica de cargas. Surge então a necessidade de serem apresentadas linhas diretrizes de prevenção do risco, através da listagem de medidas preventivas e de controlo, com vista a melhorar a gestão da segurança inerente às atividades de armazenagem.
Today's globalized and competitive market is increasingly pushing organizations to find new ways to make progress and to stay on top. As a consequence of the process of optimizing physical spaces such as a warehouse, health and safety aspects during the use of the space are overlooked many times. The case study of this dissertation is Delphi Technologies' Seixal factory Warehouse and the main objective is analyzing the health and safety conditions in storage ativities, finding ways to mitigate the risk. After the warehouse characterization, the MARAT methodology was performed for the hazard identification and risk assessment, using direct observation of the tasks performed and the analysis of safety alerts communicated during 2018. This evaluation aimed to verify whether there were risks not contemplated or not correctly valued in the FMEA methodology used internally. As a result, the significant risks identified are those related to manual and mechanical handling of loads. To address these risks, there is a need to present risk prevention guidelines through a listing of preventive and control measures, that are meant to improve safety management inherent in storage activities.

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Barbosa, José Pedro Azevedo. "Metodologia de análise de custos dos acidentes de trabalho numa unidade de saúde." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/48101.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Industrial (área de especialização em Avaliação e Gestão de Projetos e da Inovação)
Os Acidentes de Trabalho (AT) são uma realidade muito presente nos dias de hoje existindo um aumento da preocupação mundial, pelas diversas agências, na diminuição e prevenção dos AT. Os AT implicam mais baixas médicas, o que resulta, numa perspetiva empresarial, em mais quebras no processo produtivo; numa perspetiva do trabalhador, em condicionantes físicas e psicológicas; numa perspetiva do Estado, no pagamento de subsídios; e numa perspetiva da sociedade, em diversas externalidades. Com a presente dissertação pretende-se promover a aplicação de ferramentas de suporte à tomada de decisão em Segurança e Saúde Ocupacional (SSO) contribuindo para o aumento da eficácia das medidas preventivas. Neste sentido, é proposta uma metodologia de análise de custos dos acidentes de trabalho baseada na metodologia de Análise Custo-Benefício em Segurança e Saúde Ocupacional (ACBSSO), a qual foi complementada com a aplicação do indicador de Retorno do Investimento (ou Return On Prevention: ROP) e do Rácio Benefício-Custo (B/C). O cálculo do Rácio B/C e do ROP permite verificar se as medidas preventivas são economicamente viáveis, ou seja, se os benefícios obtidos (redução esperada nos acidentes e correspondentes custos) são superiores ao investimento nas mesmas. A metodologia proposta atribui ainda particular importância à análise de sensibilidade do ROP face a variações nos seus parâmetros-chave nomeadamente, dimensão dos custos dos AT, nível de eficácia e custo das medidas preventivas. A metodologia proposta foi aplicada na análise dos custos com AT e das respetivas medidas preventivas de um hospital de referência do Sistema Nacional de Saúde (SNS). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as categorias profissionais mais sujeitas a AT são os Enfermeiros e os Assistentes Operacionais. As medidas preventivas, em termos globais, mostraram-se economicamente viáveis, porém, a análise de sensibilidade a variações nos parâmetros-chave evidenciou questões importantes que merecem atenção e sugerem interessantes oportunidades para trabalho futuro.
Occupational Accidents (OA) are a very present reality nowadays and there is an increase in the worldwide concern for the reduction and prevention of OA by various agencies. OA imply more medical losses, which results, from a business perspective, in more breaks in the production process; from the perspective of the worker, in physical and psychological conditions; from the perspective of the State, in the payment of subsidies; and from the perspective of the society, in various externalities. This dissertation aims to promote the application of tools to support decision making in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), contributing to increase the effectiveness of preventive measures. In this sense, a methodology for cost analysis of occupational accidents based on the methodology of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Occupational Health and Safety (CBAOHS) was applied, which was complemented with the application of the Return on Prevention (ROP) and the Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C). The calculation of the B/C ratio and the ROP makes it possible to verify whether preventive measures are economically viable, that is, whether the benefits obtained (expected reduction in accidents and corresponding costs) are greater than the investment in them. The proposed methodology also attaches particular importance to the sensitivity analysis of the ROP in view of variations in its key parameters, namely, the dimension of OA’s costs, the level of effectiveness and the cost of the preventive measures. The proposed methodology was applied in the analysis of the costs with OA and the respective preventive measures of a main hospital of the Portuguese National Health System (NHS). The results showed that the professional categories most exposed to OA are the Nurses and the Operational Assistants. Overall preventive measures have proven to be economically viable, but the sensitivity analysis to variations in key parameters has highlighted important issues that merit attention and suggest interesting opportunities for future work.

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